Symplektische Gruppe

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Sie ist die Menge der <a href="/wiki/Lineare_Abbildung" title="Lineare Abbildung">linearen Abbildungen</a>, die eine <a href="/wiki/Symplektische_Form" class="mw-redirect" title="Symplektische Form">symplektische Form</a>, das heißt eine <a href="/wiki/Ausgeartete_Bilinearform" class="mw-redirect" title="Ausgeartete Bilinearform">nichtausgeartete</a> <a href="/wiki/Alternierende_Bilinearform" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternierende Bilinearform">alternierende Bilinearform</a>, invariant lassen, so wie die <a href="/wiki/Orthogonale_Gruppe" title="Orthogonale Gruppe">orthogonale Gruppe</a> der <a href="/wiki/Orthogonale_Matrix" title="Orthogonale Matrix">längentreuen</a> Abbildungen eine nichtausgeartete, <i>symmetrische</i> Bilinearform invariant lässt. Elemente der symplektischen Gruppe werden als <a href="/wiki/Symplektische_Abbildung" title="Symplektische Abbildung">symplektische Abbildungen</a> bezeichnet. Die symplektische Gruppe in <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/134afa8ff09fdddd24b06f289e92e3a045092bd1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.557ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2n}"></span> Dimensionen ist eine <a href="/wiki/Halbeinfache_Lie-Gruppe" title="Halbeinfache Lie-Gruppe">halbeinfache Gruppe</a> zum <a href="/wiki/Wurzelsystem" title="Wurzelsystem">Wurzelsystem</a> C<sub><i>n</i></sub>. Sie spielt beim Studium <a href="/wiki/Symplektischer_Vektorraum" title="Symplektischer Vektorraum">symplektischer Vektorräume</a> eine wichtige Rolle. </p><p>Auch die Lie-Gruppe <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Sp(n)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Sp(n)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f18bf6cd4af3aeddbc9b6d9c97455a6fd0f2882" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.873ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Sp(n)}"></span> wird als (kompakte) symplektische Gruppe bezeichnet. </p><p>Die doppelte <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlagerung_(Topologie)" title="Überlagerung (Topologie)">Überlagerung</a> der symplektischen Gruppe wird als <b>metaplektische Gruppe</b> bezeichnet. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Definition"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Definition</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Endliche_Gruppen"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Endliche Gruppen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Projektive_symplektische_Gruppen"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Projektive symplektische Gruppen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Kompakte_symplektische_Gruppe"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Kompakte symplektische Gruppe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Definition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Definition"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Für jedes <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d059936e77a2d707e9ee0a1d9575a1d693ce5d0b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.913ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }"></span> und jeden <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6rper_(Algebra)" title="Körper (Algebra)">Körper</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}"></span> mit <a href="/wiki/Charakteristik_(Algebra)" title="Charakteristik (Algebra)">Charakteristik</a> ungleich zwei ist die symplektische Gruppe <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Sp_{2n}(K)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Sp_{2n}(K)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d656afb30f259644c76358910ebea70da161adbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.584ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Sp_{2n}(K)}"></span> eine <a href="/wiki/Gruppentheorie" title="Gruppentheorie">Untergruppe</a> der <a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_lineare_Gruppe" title="Allgemeine lineare Gruppe">allgemeinen linearen Gruppe</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {GL} (2n,K)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {GL} (2n,K)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1b68de02c91d89231dc1aedb68a9b614e0dcfc98" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.744ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {GL} (2n,K)}"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Sp_{2n}(K)\colon =\left\{T\in GL_{2n}(K)\mid \,T^{\text{T}}\,I_{n}\,T=I_{n}\right\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>G</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∣</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>T</mtext> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Sp_{2n}(K)\colon =\left\{T\in GL_{2n}(K)\mid \,T^{\text{T}}\,I_{n}\,T=I_{n}\right\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/69b54bc336562e2a20a3a8273a6a88c036870707" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:44.039ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Sp_{2n}(K)\colon =\left\{T\in GL_{2n}(K)\mid \,T^{\text{T}}\,I_{n}\,T=I_{n}\right\}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>mit </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{n}={\begin{pmatrix}0&E_{n}\\-E_{n}&0\end{pmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{n}={\begin{pmatrix}0&E_{n}\\-E_{n}&0\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b94b62d7947687b4278a463ede74f1c9aca2e3ad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:19.511ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{n}={\begin{pmatrix}0&E_{n}\\-E_{n}&0\end{pmatrix}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>wobei <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ad6b82f2a00af6c9efd4c16d4e99329605645c0c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.934ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{n}}"></span> die <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\times n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\times n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59d2b4cb72e304526cf5b5887147729ea259da78" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.63ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\times n}"></span>-<a href="/wiki/Einheitsmatrix" title="Einheitsmatrix">Einheitsmatrix</a> und <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aae8864a3c1fec9585261791a809ddec1489950" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0}"></span> die <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\times n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\times n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59d2b4cb72e304526cf5b5887147729ea259da78" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.63ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\times n}"></span>-<a href="/wiki/Nullmatrix" title="Nullmatrix">Nullmatrix</a> bezeichnet. </p><p>Für <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K\in \left\{\mathbb {R} ,\mathbb {C} ,\mathbb {H} \right\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K\in \left\{\mathbb {R} ,\mathbb {C} ,\mathbb {H} \right\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a3ac03a8850bf0dc39e1108955a6a9116a605f3a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.464ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K\in \left\{\mathbb {R} ,\mathbb {C} ,\mathbb {H} \right\}}"></span> ist <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Sp(n,K)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Sp(n,K)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/166f0df85fd65f3119df9162dec9f7b2256077da" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.973ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Sp(n,K)}"></span> eine <a href="/wiki/Lie-Gruppe" title="Lie-Gruppe">Lie-Gruppe</a> und die <a href="/wiki/Lie-Gruppe#Lie-Algebra_der_Lie-Gruppe" title="Lie-Gruppe">Lie-Algebra</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Sp} (2n,K)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Sp} (2n,K)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/217a612f4164568fe4efb5a2e64714b484e5ef24" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.051ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Sp} (2n,K)}"></span> ist </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {sp}}(2n,K)=\left\{A\in \mathrm {Mat} (2n,K):I_{n}A+A^{T}I_{n}=0\right\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">p</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>:</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>A</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {sp}}(2n,K)=\left\{A\in \mathrm {Mat} (2n,K):I_{n}A+A^{T}I_{n}=0\right\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/661b3c8f49869135d35f444ab325258dd32bf048" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-left: -0.041ex; width:50.154ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {sp}}(2n,K)=\left\{A\in \mathrm {Mat} (2n,K):I_{n}A+A^{T}I_{n}=0\right\}}"></span>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endliche_Gruppen">Endliche Gruppen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Endliche Gruppen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Endliche Gruppen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ist der Körper <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}"></span> endlich mit <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06809d64fa7c817ffc7e323f85997f783dbdf71d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.07ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q}"></span> Elementen, so schreibt man <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Sp} (2n,q)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Sp} (2n,q)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/45b34efe93d9d915bc6d9b8378a0160ca708775e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.055ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Sp} (2n,q)}"></span> an Stelle von <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Sp} (2n,K)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Sp} (2n,K)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/217a612f4164568fe4efb5a2e64714b484e5ef24" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.051ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Sp} (2n,K)}"></span>. Man erhält eine <a href="/wiki/Endliche_Gruppe" title="Endliche Gruppe">endliche Gruppe</a> mit </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {ord} (Sp(2n,q))=q^{n^{2}}\prod _{i=1}^{n}(q^{2i}-1)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msup> <munderover> <mo>∏</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {ord} (Sp(2n,q))=q^{n^{2}}\prod _{i=1}^{n}(q^{2i}-1)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1b85502f7a42be451b7fc090872e87c1b37a73e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:32.412ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {ord} (Sp(2n,q))=q^{n^{2}}\prod _{i=1}^{n}(q^{2i}-1)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Elementen. Das <a href="/wiki/Zentrum_(Algebra)" title="Zentrum (Algebra)">Zentrum</a> dieser Gruppe besteht aus <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pm \mathrm {id} _{K^{n}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>±</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pm \mathrm {id} _{K^{n}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32f85e3cd655f577e90d91893d83191b6266eb5c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.425ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pm \mathrm {id} _{K^{n}}}"></span>, es hat daher zwei Elemente für ungerades <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06809d64fa7c817ffc7e323f85997f783dbdf71d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.07ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q}"></span> und ist <a href="/wiki/Triviale_Gruppe" title="Triviale Gruppe">trivial</a> für gerades <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06809d64fa7c817ffc7e323f85997f783dbdf71d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.07ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q}"></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projektive_symplektische_Gruppen">Projektive symplektische Gruppen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Projektive symplektische Gruppen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Projektive symplektische Gruppen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Faktorgruppe" title="Faktorgruppe">Faktorgruppen</a> der symplektischen Gruppen nach ihrem Zentrum heißen <i>projektive symplektische Gruppen</i> und werden mit <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle PSp(2n,K)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle PSp(2n,K)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ad9044943788e7dde5a7beb8e675a3226431d061" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.88ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle PSp(2n,K)}"></span> bezeichnet. Im Falle eines endlichen Körpers mit <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06809d64fa7c817ffc7e323f85997f783dbdf71d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.07ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q}"></span> Elementen ist </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {ord} (PSp(2n,q))={\frac {q^{n^{2}}}{\mathrm {ggT} (2,q-1)}}\prod _{i=1}^{n}(q^{2i}-1)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>P</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <munderover> <mo>∏</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {ord} (PSp(2n,q))={\frac {q^{n^{2}}}{\mathrm {ggT} (2,q-1)}}\prod _{i=1}^{n}(q^{2i}-1)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2a54f279cf2910367409483af12a2506367041e2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:44.945ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {ord} (PSp(2n,q))={\frac {q^{n^{2}}}{\mathrm {ggT} (2,q-1)}}\prod _{i=1}^{n}(q^{2i}-1)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>und die Gruppen sind <a href="/wiki/Einfache_Gruppe_(Mathematik)" title="Einfache Gruppe (Mathematik)">einfach</a> mit Ausnahme von <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle PSp(2,2),PSp(2,3)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>P</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle PSp(2,2),PSp(2,3)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0e438fad85994d4c9defbb214ad0aaff1fd3befd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.198ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle PSp(2,2),PSp(2,3)}"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle PSp(4,2)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle PSp(4,2)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/719f2ab07bfd9b5f313a970a9fbfef0275c76429" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.582ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle PSp(4,2)}"></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Man erhält damit eine unendliche Serie einfacher Gruppen. Es handelt sich dabei um <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_vom_Lie-Typ" title="Gruppe vom Lie-Typ">Gruppen vom Lie-Typ</a> C<sub>n</sub> und damit um eine der insgesamt 16 unendlichen Serien von Gruppen vom Lie-Typ. Daher wird <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle PSp(2n,q)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle PSp(2n,q)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33381057a52f10bb7872a9d775d76bd6815d842c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.884ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle PSp(2n,q)}"></span> auch mit <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{n}(q)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{n}(q)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1e3bec3666c5735f7b9ac827e562b8bbc967e901" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.759ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{n}(q)}"></span> bezeichnet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kompakte_symplektische_Gruppe">Kompakte symplektische Gruppe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Kompakte symplektische Gruppe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kompakte symplektische Gruppe"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <i>kompakte symplektische Gruppe</i> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Sp(n)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Sp(n)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f18bf6cd4af3aeddbc9b6d9c97455a6fd0f2882" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.873ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Sp(n)}"></span> ist die Gruppe der (invertierbaren) <a href="/wiki/Quaternion" title="Quaternion">quaternionisch</a>-linearen Abbildungen, die das auf dem n-dimensionalen quaternionischen Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} ^{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} ^{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c802a2416834b80caf12cf130c97f085b4cfa9f4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.027ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} ^{n}}"></span> definierte Skalarprodukt </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle x,y\rangle ={\bar {x}}_{1}y_{1}+\cdots +{\bar {x}}_{n}y_{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle x,y\rangle ={\bar {x}}_{1}y_{1}+\cdots +{\bar {x}}_{n}y_{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b487ddd006ad693aa4789523fd77faa07cf20322" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:26.314ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle x,y\rangle ={\bar {x}}_{1}y_{1}+\cdots +{\bar {x}}_{n}y_{n}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>erhalten. </p><p>Diese Gruppe ist keine symplektische Gruppe im Sinne des vorhergehenden Abschnittes. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Sp(n)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Sp(n)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f18bf6cd4af3aeddbc9b6d9c97455a6fd0f2882" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.873ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Sp(n)}"></span> ist aber die <a href="/wiki/Reelle_Form" title="Reelle Form">kompakte reelle Form</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Sp(2n,\mathbb {C} )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Sp(2n,\mathbb {C} )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/56ce51dff3c918ed6dcb517611968f67873be868" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.747ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Sp(2n,\mathbb {C} )}"></span>. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Sp(n)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Sp(n)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f18bf6cd4af3aeddbc9b6d9c97455a6fd0f2882" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.873ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Sp(n)}"></span> ist eine <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n(2n+1)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n(2n+1)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/327942ddf0533872be65a1caba976f784a61954b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.764ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n(2n+1)}"></span>-dimensionale <a href="/wiki/Kompakter_Raum" title="Kompakter Raum">kompakte</a> <a href="/wiki/Lie-Gruppe" title="Lie-Gruppe">Lie-Gruppe</a> und <a href="/wiki/Einfach_zusammenh%C3%A4ngend" class="mw-redirect" title="Einfach zusammenhängend">einfach zusammenhängend</a>. Ihre <a href="/wiki/Lie-Gruppe#Lie-Algebra_der_Lie-Gruppe" title="Lie-Gruppe">Lie-Algebra</a> ist </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {sp}}(n)=\left\{A\in \mathrm {Mat} (n,\mathbb {H} ):A+A^{\dagger }=0\right\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">p</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>†</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {sp}}(n)=\left\{A\in \mathrm {Mat} (n,\mathbb {H} ):A+A^{\dagger }=0\right\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/49b71330661dd1721d0a2f9df006a44361f8b503" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-left: -0.041ex; width:39.561ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {sp}}(n)=\left\{A\in \mathrm {Mat} (n,\mathbb {H} ):A+A^{\dagger }=0\right\}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>wobei <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A^{\dagger }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>†</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A^{\dagger }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/253906923e0ca67ef31e4e2d99b9783ba62bebc5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.705ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A^{\dagger }}"></span> die quaternionisch-konjugiert <a href="/wiki/Transponierte_Matrix" title="Transponierte Matrix">transponierte Matrix</a> bezeichnet. </p><p>Es gilt <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Sp(n)=U(2n)\cap Sp(2n,\mathbb {C} )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∩</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Sp(n)=U(2n)\cap Sp(2n,\mathbb {C} )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ab8ebee6bf4d63f70af4ad227c4d852e1258d1b4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.45ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Sp(n)=U(2n)\cap Sp(2n,\mathbb {C} )}"></span>. </p><p>Obwohl auch endliche Mengen kompakt sind, sind mit kompakten symplektischen Gruppen meistens die hier angegebenen Lie-Gruppen gemeint. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vladimir L. Popov: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Symplectic group</cite>. In: <a href="/wiki/Michiel_Hazewinkel" title="Michiel Hazewinkel">Michiel Hazewinkel</a> (Hrsg.): <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Mathematics">Encyclopedia of Mathematics</a></cite>. Springer-Verlag und <a href="/wiki/European_Mathematical_Society" title="European Mathematical Society">EMS</a> Press, Berlin 2002, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/1556080107" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-55608-010-7</a> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediaofmath.org/wiki/symplectic_group">encyclopediaofmath.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Symplektische+Gruppe&rft.atitle=Symplectic+group&rft.au=Vladimir+L.+Popov&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Mathematics&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1556080107&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag+und+EMS+Press" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hermann Weyl: <i>The Classical Groups</i>, Princeton 1939, Fußnote S. 165 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilhelm Pape: <i>Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache</i>, Bd. 2, S. 1000, Vieweg&Sohn, Braunschweig, 1914.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger W. Carter: <i>Simple Groups of Lie Type</i>, John Wiley & Sons 1972, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0471137359" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-471-13735-9</a>, Kapitel 1.3: <i>The Symplectic Groups</i></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Weisstein" title="Eric Weisstein">Eric W. Weisstein</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/SymplecticGroup.html"><i>Symplectic Group</i>.</a> In: <i><a href="/wiki/MathWorld" title="MathWorld">MathWorld</a></i> (englisch).</li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&oldid=250040942">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symplektische_Gruppe&oldid=250040942</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien">Kategorien</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Lineare_Algebra" title="Kategorie:Lineare Algebra">Lineare Algebra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Lie-Gruppe" title="Kategorie:Lie-Gruppe">Lie-Gruppe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Symplektische_Topologie" title="Kategorie:Symplektische Topologie">Symplektische Topologie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigationsmenü</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Meine Werkzeuge</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="Benutzerseite der IP-Adresse, von der aus du Änderungen durchführst">Nicht angemeldet</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Diskussionsseite" title="Diskussion über Änderungen von dieser IP-Adresse [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussionsseite</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Beitr%C3%A4ge" title="Eine Liste der Bearbeitungen, die von dieser IP-Adresse gemacht wurden [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beiträge</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&returnto=Symplektische+Gruppe" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. 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Symplektische Gruppe – Wikipedia