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style="margin: 0px;">Professor of Divinity<br />Beeson Divinity School<br />Samford University<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SoYoonLee3"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SoYoonLee3">So Yoon Lee</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar 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id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Chip Hardy</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84650848"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84650848/Pronominal_Gender_Parallelism_as_a_Poetic_Device_in_Biblical_Hebrew"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pronominal Gender Parallelism as a Poetic Device in Biblical Hebrew" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89598840/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84650848/Pronominal_Gender_Parallelism_as_a_Poetic_Device_in_Biblical_Hebrew">Pronominal Gender Parallelism as a Poetic Device in Biblical Hebrew</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>"Like ʾIlu Are You Wise": Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Dennis G. Pardee</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Building on the recognized alternation of gendered elements, the current investigation identifies...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Building on the recognized alternation of gendered elements, the current investigation identifies a BH poetic device in which pronouns of alternating grammatical gender are used as part of the parallel structure of corresponding lines. Following a brief discussion of grammatical gender in BH, three types of this poetic figure of speech are isolated and examined. These categories involve alternating pronominal elements with (a) different, (b) related, and (c) identical referents. Accompanying the description and exemplification of these categories, several philological insights regarding the use of pronominal reference in these contexts will be broached in light of the poetic device. The goal, then, is to recognize the intentional use of this parallel structure and suggest—against most commentators—that these examples may be read as original and meaningful without resorting to emendation or correction.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d1de93a721ac30d4a58daa80653610c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89598840,"asset_id":84650848,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89598840/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84650848"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84650848"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84650848; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82471011"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82471011/The_Table_of_Grammar_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_as_Test_Case"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Table of Grammar: לקראת as Test Case" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88169524/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82471011/The_Table_of_Grammar_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_as_Test_Case">The Table of Grammar: לקראת as Test Case</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal for Semitics</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Biblical Hebrew lqrʾt is situated at the intersection of grammatical categories as a content item...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Biblical Hebrew lqrʾt is situated at the intersection of grammatical categories as a content item and a function word. The analysis of any given token is confounded by this diversity and its variously encoded denotations: the infinitive construct ‘to meet’ and the polysemous prepositions, the directional TOWARD and the adversative AGAINST. The usage in Exodus 14:27 (wmṣrym nsym lqrʾtw) prompts a number of different analyses. Interpretations include: hoi de aigyptioi ephygon hypo to hydōr (LXX); wmṣryʾ ʿrqyn lqwblh (Peshitta); fugientibusque Ægyptiis occurrerunt aquæ (Vulgate); “the Egyptians fled at its approach” (NJPS); “the Egyptians fled before it” (NRSV); and “the Egyptians were fleeing toward it” (NIV).<br /><br />This study examines lqrʾt by comparing a range of grammatical methods. These approaches center evolutionary growth (philology), syntagmatic and paradigmatic features (structuralism), functional usage (eclectic linguists), and cross-linguistic development  (grammaticalization) in order to explore questions of the origin, development, and usage of lqrʾt. The combined approaches help to situate and construct an archaeology of linguistic knowledge and a genealogy of philological change of language and text.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="663a03fb3979434a5a077968a01d9770" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88169524,"asset_id":82471011,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88169524/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82471011"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82471011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82471011; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82470731"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82470731/Biblical_Hebrew_%C5%A1nin%C9%94_A_Cautionary_Tale_of_Root_Identification"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Biblical Hebrew šninɔ: A ‘Cautionary Tale’ of Root Identification" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88169371/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82470731/Biblical_Hebrew_%C5%A1nin%C9%94_A_Cautionary_Tale_of_Root_Identification">Biblical Hebrew šninɔ: A ‘Cautionary Tale’ of Root Identification</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vetus Testamentum</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present study comprises a philological examination of the Biblical Hebrew term šninɔ. The con...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present study comprises a philological examination of the Biblical Hebrew term šninɔ. The contextual semantics, the ancient translations, and the re-identification of the verbal root ŠNN as a by-form of ŠNY ‘to recount’ demonstrate that šninɔ may be realigned as related to this root and translated as a ‘cautionary tale’.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7f85b595dc0bf034c2798b512636e7a9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88169371,"asset_id":82470731,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88169371/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82470731"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82470731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82470731; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43976728"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43976728/_Biblical_Hebrew_s_nin%C9%94_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “Biblical Hebrew šninɔ"" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64307458/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43976728/_Biblical_Hebrew_s_nin%C9%94_">“Biblical Hebrew šninɔ"</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://yale-divinity.academia.edu/JacquelineVayntrub">Jacqueline Vayntrub</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HardyChip">Chip Hardy</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>VT</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present study comprises a philological examination of the Biblical Hebrew term šninɔ. The con...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present study comprises a philological examination of the Biblical Hebrew term šninɔ. The contextual semantics, the ancient translations, and the re-identification of the verbal root ŠNN as a by-form of ŠNY 'to recount' demonstrate that šninɔ may be realigned as related to this root and translated as a 'cautionary tale' .</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b9800899a4d412e83eeaef32886dec0d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64307458,"asset_id":43976728,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64307458/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43976728"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43976728"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43976728; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11604668"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604668/Hebrew_Adverbialization_Aramaic_Language_Contact_and_mpny_%CA%BE%C5%A1r_in_Exodus_19_18"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Hebrew Adverbialization, Aramaic Language Contact, and mpny ʾšr in Exodus 19:18" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48524847/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604668/Hebrew_Adverbialization_Aramaic_Language_Contact_and_mpny_%CA%BE%C5%A1r_in_Exodus_19_18">Hebrew Adverbialization, Aramaic Language Contact, and mpny ʾšr in Exodus 19:18</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Aaron Butts (ed.), Studies in Semitic Language Contact, Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, Brill, 33–51 (2015)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An adverbializer is a subclass of subordinators, or subordinating conjunctions, that marks an int...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An adverbializer is a subclass of subordinators, or subordinating conjunctions, that marks an intra-clausal, adverbial relation.  Hebrew expresses adverbialization in a variety of ways. In this article, two syntactic patterns of adverbialization with prepositions are surveyed from a historical linguistics perspective. Both of these arrangements are found in the earliest strata of Hebrew. Later evidence demonstrates a shift in the usage of one pattern in favor of another. We propose a historic process through which these patterns emerged in BH, track the diachronic distribution in Hebrew, demonstrate the role of language contact on the changes, and apply this framework to a particular difficult interpretive problem in the Hebrew Bible.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0894edcc4e6d7af6a76c7fce1381282f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48524847,"asset_id":11604668,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48524847/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11604668"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11604668"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604668; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11605062"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11605062/Whence_Come_Direct_Object_Markers_in_Northwest_Semitic"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Whence Come Direct Object Markers in Northwest Semitic?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48524864/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11605062/Whence_Come_Direct_Object_Markers_in_Northwest_Semitic">Whence Come Direct Object Markers in Northwest Semitic?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Semitic Studies</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Many derivations of the definite direct object marker in Northwest Semitic have been suggested, b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Many derivations of the definite direct object marker in Northwest Semitic have been suggested, but the enigma of its origins still persists.  Classic and contemporary studies have concluded that the source of the particle may be nominal, verbal, prepositional, pronominal, or an amalgam of deictic elements.  Each of these explanations, however, fails to account adequately for both the full spectrum of the attested realizations and the origin of the grammatical function.  This study suggests a new solution: the direct object markers in Northwest Semitic derive from the Proto-Semitic oblique pronouns, *suʾāti and *siʾāti.  After the loss of the case system, the Proto-Northwest Semitic reflexes of these pronouns were grammaticalized as object markers.  Following the loss of the original pronouns and cliticization, phonological changes in each daughter language resulted in the various Northwest Semitic forms.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a6b96b385dc487c2a6933b124b41b49d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48524864,"asset_id":11605062,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48524864/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11605062"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11605062"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11605062; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11605062]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11605062]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11605062; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11605062']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11604606"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604606/Diachronic_Development_in_Biblical_Hebrew_Prepositions_A_Case_Study_in_Grammaticalization"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Diachronic Development in Biblical Hebrew Prepositions: A Case Study in Grammaticalization" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37080992/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604606/Diachronic_Development_in_Biblical_Hebrew_Prepositions_A_Case_Study_in_Grammaticalization">Diachronic Development in Biblical Hebrew Prepositions: A Case Study in Grammaticalization</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>University of Chicago Dissertation (Proquest)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This dissertation applies the linguistic theory of grammaticalization to Biblical Hebrew (BH) pre...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This dissertation applies the linguistic theory of grammaticalization to Biblical Hebrew (BH) prepositions, detailing the origin and evolution of these constructions. In this study, grammaticalization is defined as the change whereby a lexical item or a construction comes in certain linguistic contexts to acquire a grammatical function, or whereby an item or a construction expands its grammatical function(s). The primary goal is to determine to what extent grammaticalization sheds light on the development of this grammatical subsystem.  <br />This framework affords not just a descriptive analysis of the extant variation but provides for a diachronic description of the emergence of innovative grammatical functions. The only other significant work on BH prepositions outside of the standard descriptive grammars is Jenni's three-volume Die hebräischen Präpositionen which is restricted to the inseparable prepositions (i.e. l-, b- and k-) and is principally concerned with semantic categorization as a purely synchronic enterprise. In contrast with previous studies, this work offers a diachronic analysis of prepositions through examining the language-internal and cross-linguistic data.  The resulting pathways of change beginning with the source constructions account for the evidenced polysemy. <br /> <br />The resulting analysis provides an assessment of the structural and functional variation evidenced in BH prepositions that is unified around a single linguistic change, grammaticalization, which results in a new grammatical function. This approach provides a novel understanding of the emergence of this linguistic subsystem, contributing a detailed accounting of the variation evidenced by the usages of BH prepositions.  Furthermore, it demonstrates the value of integrating diachronic linguistics and traditional philological approaches in the investigation of grammar providing for an exhaustive language-internal description of prepositions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7941258351bf3c05f2d5f42f8fca06ae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37080992,"asset_id":11604606,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37080992/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11604606"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11604606"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604606; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11604606]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11604606]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604606; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11604606']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11604703"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604703/Biblical_Hebrew_%C5%A1nin%C9%94_A_Cautionary_Tale_of_Root_Identification"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Biblical Hebrew šninɔ: A 'Cautionary Tale' of Root Identification" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37081087/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604703/Biblical_Hebrew_%C5%A1nin%C9%94_A_Cautionary_Tale_of_Root_Identification">Biblical Hebrew šninɔ: A 'Cautionary Tale' of Root Identification</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vetus Testamentum 64.2 (2014): 279–283</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present study comprises a philological examination of the term šninɔ. The contextual semantic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present study comprises a philological examination of the term šninɔ. The contextual semantics, the ancient translations, and the recent re-identification of the verbal root ŠNN as a by-form of ŠNY 'to recount' demonstrate that šninɔ may be realigned as related to this root and translated as a 'cautionary tale'.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f22925505da78dbde641eec95ea21c5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37081087,"asset_id":11604703,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37081087/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11604703"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11604703"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604703; 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Biblical Hebrew: A Compact Guide (Zondervan, 2012)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37081261/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604999/Review_of_Van_Pelt_M_Biblical_Hebrew_A_Compact_Guide_Zondervan_2012_">Review of Van Pelt, M. Biblical Hebrew: A Compact Guide (Zondervan, 2012)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>STR 4.2</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">SOUTHEASTERN THEOLOGICAL REVIEW culture. The book will thus fulfill its purpose of instructing st...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">SOUTHEASTERN THEOLOGICAL REVIEW culture. The book will thus fulfill its purpose of instructing students in how the church has thoughts about its doctrine, even when such thinking parts ways with the traditions of which the student may have been a part.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b1d687758bbd54407f1b5e1d10b22d0f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37081261,"asset_id":11604999,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37081261/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11604999"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11604999"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604999; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11604999]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11604999]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604999; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11604999']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b1d687758bbd54407f1b5e1d10b22d0f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11604999]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11604999,"title":"Review of Van Pelt, M. 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Two distinct Semitic nouns are identified as the derivational basis for the attested forms and meanings in biblical Hebrew.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2e9c96dd24a97597b57afe23c5f9c834" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":16856725,"asset_id":1258399,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/16856725/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1258399"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1258399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1258399; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="252876"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/252876/A_Revised_Reading_of_a_Nabataean_Inscription_from_Umm_al_Jimaal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Revised Reading of a Nabataean Inscription from Umm al-Jimaal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/1042340/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/252876/A_Revised_Reading_of_a_Nabataean_Inscription_from_Umm_al_Jimaal">A Revised Reading of a Nabataean Inscription from Umm al-Jimaal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HardyChip">Chip Hardy</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/AaronButts">Aaron Butts</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A new reading and interpretation are proposed for line two of a Nabataean inscription from Umm a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A new reading and interpretation are proposed for line two of a  Nabataean inscription from Umm al-Jimal that was recently published in this journal by S. Said and M. al-Hamad (JSS 48 [2003], 29–34).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e41088a8e06603d038fc434f5fd506a2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":1042340,"asset_id":252876,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1042340/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="252876"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="252876"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 252876; 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The texts are in the Phoenician-Aramaic script, but are too fragmentary to provide certain readings or language identification. However, these fragments, in addition to the intact KTMW inscription discovered in situ during the 2008 archaeological season, indicate the likely existence of more texts at this site and the continued relevance of Zincirli and its environs for philological research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e47fda1ca35ceae9b9ff6c0e2f99b97c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":1042376,"asset_id":252877,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1042376/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="252877"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="252877"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 252877; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Book Reviews" id="Book Reviews"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Book Reviews by Chip Hardy</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82632931"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82632931/Review_of_Suchard_Development_of_Biblical_Hebrew_Vowels_2019_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Review of Suchard, Development of Biblical Hebrew Vowels (2019)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88275635/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82632931/Review_of_Suchard_Development_of_Biblical_Hebrew_Vowels_2019_">Review of Suchard, Development of Biblical Hebrew Vowels (2019)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>STR</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="62bd639593fd17874efd2d78d4331511" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88275635,"asset_id":82632931,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88275635/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82632931"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82632931"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82632931; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82471980"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82471980/Review_of_Noll_The_Semantics_of_Silence_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_2020_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Review of Noll, The Semantics of Silence in the Hebrew Bible (2020)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88170150/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82471980/Review_of_Noll_The_Semantics_of_Silence_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_2020_">Review of Noll, The Semantics of Silence in the Hebrew Bible (2020)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Semitic Studies</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Review of Sonja Noll, The Semantics of Silence in the Hebrew Bible (Studies in Semitic Languages ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Review of Sonja Noll, The Semantics of Silence in the Hebrew Bible (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics 100; Brill, Leiden 2020),<br />Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume 66, Issue 2, Autumn 2021, Pages e34–e36.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="28bc67d9de6236fa7b431048120cf663" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88170150,"asset_id":82471980,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88170150/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82471980"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82471980"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82471980; 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The Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex. Vol. 3, 1 Samuel. Texts ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">David Marcus. The Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex. Vol. 3, 1 Samuel. Texts and Studies 14. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="21892" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84650848"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84650848/Pronominal_Gender_Parallelism_as_a_Poetic_Device_in_Biblical_Hebrew"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pronominal Gender Parallelism as a Poetic Device in Biblical Hebrew" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89598840/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84650848/Pronominal_Gender_Parallelism_as_a_Poetic_Device_in_Biblical_Hebrew">Pronominal Gender Parallelism as a Poetic Device in Biblical Hebrew</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>"Like ʾIlu Are You Wise": Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Dennis G. Pardee</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Building on the recognized alternation of gendered elements, the current investigation identifies...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Building on the recognized alternation of gendered elements, the current investigation identifies a BH poetic device in which pronouns of alternating grammatical gender are used as part of the parallel structure of corresponding lines. Following a brief discussion of grammatical gender in BH, three types of this poetic figure of speech are isolated and examined. These categories involve alternating pronominal elements with (a) different, (b) related, and (c) identical referents. Accompanying the description and exemplification of these categories, several philological insights regarding the use of pronominal reference in these contexts will be broached in light of the poetic device. The goal, then, is to recognize the intentional use of this parallel structure and suggest—against most commentators—that these examples may be read as original and meaningful without resorting to emendation or correction.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d1de93a721ac30d4a58daa80653610c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89598840,"asset_id":84650848,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89598840/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84650848"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84650848"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84650848; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82471011"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82471011/The_Table_of_Grammar_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_as_Test_Case"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Table of Grammar: לקראת as Test Case" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88169524/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82471011/The_Table_of_Grammar_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_as_Test_Case">The Table of Grammar: לקראת as Test Case</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal for Semitics</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Biblical Hebrew lqrʾt is situated at the intersection of grammatical categories as a content item...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Biblical Hebrew lqrʾt is situated at the intersection of grammatical categories as a content item and a function word. The analysis of any given token is confounded by this diversity and its variously encoded denotations: the infinitive construct ‘to meet’ and the polysemous prepositions, the directional TOWARD and the adversative AGAINST. The usage in Exodus 14:27 (wmṣrym nsym lqrʾtw) prompts a number of different analyses. Interpretations include: hoi de aigyptioi ephygon hypo to hydōr (LXX); wmṣryʾ ʿrqyn lqwblh (Peshitta); fugientibusque Ægyptiis occurrerunt aquæ (Vulgate); “the Egyptians fled at its approach” (NJPS); “the Egyptians fled before it” (NRSV); and “the Egyptians were fleeing toward it” (NIV).<br /><br />This study examines lqrʾt by comparing a range of grammatical methods. These approaches center evolutionary growth (philology), syntagmatic and paradigmatic features (structuralism), functional usage (eclectic linguists), and cross-linguistic development  (grammaticalization) in order to explore questions of the origin, development, and usage of lqrʾt. The combined approaches help to situate and construct an archaeology of linguistic knowledge and a genealogy of philological change of language and text.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="663a03fb3979434a5a077968a01d9770" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88169524,"asset_id":82471011,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88169524/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82471011"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82471011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82471011; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82470731"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82470731/Biblical_Hebrew_%C5%A1nin%C9%94_A_Cautionary_Tale_of_Root_Identification"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Biblical Hebrew šninɔ: A ‘Cautionary Tale’ of Root Identification" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88169371/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82470731/Biblical_Hebrew_%C5%A1nin%C9%94_A_Cautionary_Tale_of_Root_Identification">Biblical Hebrew šninɔ: A ‘Cautionary Tale’ of Root Identification</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vetus Testamentum</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present study comprises a philological examination of the Biblical Hebrew term šninɔ. The con...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present study comprises a philological examination of the Biblical Hebrew term šninɔ. The contextual semantics, the ancient translations, and the re-identification of the verbal root ŠNN as a by-form of ŠNY ‘to recount’ demonstrate that šninɔ may be realigned as related to this root and translated as a ‘cautionary tale’.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7f85b595dc0bf034c2798b512636e7a9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88169371,"asset_id":82470731,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88169371/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82470731"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82470731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82470731; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43976728"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43976728/_Biblical_Hebrew_s_nin%C9%94_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “Biblical Hebrew šninɔ"" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64307458/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43976728/_Biblical_Hebrew_s_nin%C9%94_">“Biblical Hebrew šninɔ"</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://yale-divinity.academia.edu/JacquelineVayntrub">Jacqueline Vayntrub</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HardyChip">Chip Hardy</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>VT</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present study comprises a philological examination of the Biblical Hebrew term šninɔ. The con...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present study comprises a philological examination of the Biblical Hebrew term šninɔ. The contextual semantics, the ancient translations, and the re-identification of the verbal root ŠNN as a by-form of ŠNY 'to recount' demonstrate that šninɔ may be realigned as related to this root and translated as a 'cautionary tale' .</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b9800899a4d412e83eeaef32886dec0d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64307458,"asset_id":43976728,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64307458/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43976728"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43976728"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43976728; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11604668"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604668/Hebrew_Adverbialization_Aramaic_Language_Contact_and_mpny_%CA%BE%C5%A1r_in_Exodus_19_18"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Hebrew Adverbialization, Aramaic Language Contact, and mpny ʾšr in Exodus 19:18" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48524847/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604668/Hebrew_Adverbialization_Aramaic_Language_Contact_and_mpny_%CA%BE%C5%A1r_in_Exodus_19_18">Hebrew Adverbialization, Aramaic Language Contact, and mpny ʾšr in Exodus 19:18</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Aaron Butts (ed.), Studies in Semitic Language Contact, Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, Brill, 33–51 (2015)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An adverbializer is a subclass of subordinators, or subordinating conjunctions, that marks an int...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An adverbializer is a subclass of subordinators, or subordinating conjunctions, that marks an intra-clausal, adverbial relation.  Hebrew expresses adverbialization in a variety of ways. In this article, two syntactic patterns of adverbialization with prepositions are surveyed from a historical linguistics perspective. Both of these arrangements are found in the earliest strata of Hebrew. Later evidence demonstrates a shift in the usage of one pattern in favor of another. We propose a historic process through which these patterns emerged in BH, track the diachronic distribution in Hebrew, demonstrate the role of language contact on the changes, and apply this framework to a particular difficult interpretive problem in the Hebrew Bible.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0894edcc4e6d7af6a76c7fce1381282f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48524847,"asset_id":11604668,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48524847/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11604668"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11604668"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604668; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11604668]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11604668]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604668; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11604668']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11605062"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11605062/Whence_Come_Direct_Object_Markers_in_Northwest_Semitic"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Whence Come Direct Object Markers in Northwest Semitic?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48524864/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11605062/Whence_Come_Direct_Object_Markers_in_Northwest_Semitic">Whence Come Direct Object Markers in Northwest Semitic?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Semitic Studies</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Many derivations of the definite direct object marker in Northwest Semitic have been suggested, b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Many derivations of the definite direct object marker in Northwest Semitic have been suggested, but the enigma of its origins still persists.  Classic and contemporary studies have concluded that the source of the particle may be nominal, verbal, prepositional, pronominal, or an amalgam of deictic elements.  Each of these explanations, however, fails to account adequately for both the full spectrum of the attested realizations and the origin of the grammatical function.  This study suggests a new solution: the direct object markers in Northwest Semitic derive from the Proto-Semitic oblique pronouns, *suʾāti and *siʾāti.  After the loss of the case system, the Proto-Northwest Semitic reflexes of these pronouns were grammaticalized as object markers.  Following the loss of the original pronouns and cliticization, phonological changes in each daughter language resulted in the various Northwest Semitic forms.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a6b96b385dc487c2a6933b124b41b49d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48524864,"asset_id":11605062,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48524864/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11605062"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11605062"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11605062; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11604606"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604606/Diachronic_Development_in_Biblical_Hebrew_Prepositions_A_Case_Study_in_Grammaticalization"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Diachronic Development in Biblical Hebrew Prepositions: A Case Study in Grammaticalization" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37080992/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604606/Diachronic_Development_in_Biblical_Hebrew_Prepositions_A_Case_Study_in_Grammaticalization">Diachronic Development in Biblical Hebrew Prepositions: A Case Study in Grammaticalization</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>University of Chicago Dissertation (Proquest)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This dissertation applies the linguistic theory of grammaticalization to Biblical Hebrew (BH) pre...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This dissertation applies the linguistic theory of grammaticalization to Biblical Hebrew (BH) prepositions, detailing the origin and evolution of these constructions. In this study, grammaticalization is defined as the change whereby a lexical item or a construction comes in certain linguistic contexts to acquire a grammatical function, or whereby an item or a construction expands its grammatical function(s). The primary goal is to determine to what extent grammaticalization sheds light on the development of this grammatical subsystem.  <br />This framework affords not just a descriptive analysis of the extant variation but provides for a diachronic description of the emergence of innovative grammatical functions. The only other significant work on BH prepositions outside of the standard descriptive grammars is Jenni's three-volume Die hebräischen Präpositionen which is restricted to the inseparable prepositions (i.e. l-, b- and k-) and is principally concerned with semantic categorization as a purely synchronic enterprise. In contrast with previous studies, this work offers a diachronic analysis of prepositions through examining the language-internal and cross-linguistic data.  The resulting pathways of change beginning with the source constructions account for the evidenced polysemy. <br /> <br />The resulting analysis provides an assessment of the structural and functional variation evidenced in BH prepositions that is unified around a single linguistic change, grammaticalization, which results in a new grammatical function. This approach provides a novel understanding of the emergence of this linguistic subsystem, contributing a detailed accounting of the variation evidenced by the usages of BH prepositions.  Furthermore, it demonstrates the value of integrating diachronic linguistics and traditional philological approaches in the investigation of grammar providing for an exhaustive language-internal description of prepositions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7941258351bf3c05f2d5f42f8fca06ae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37080992,"asset_id":11604606,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37080992/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11604606"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11604606"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604606; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11604703"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604703/Biblical_Hebrew_%C5%A1nin%C9%94_A_Cautionary_Tale_of_Root_Identification"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Biblical Hebrew šninɔ: A 'Cautionary Tale' of Root Identification" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37081087/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604703/Biblical_Hebrew_%C5%A1nin%C9%94_A_Cautionary_Tale_of_Root_Identification">Biblical Hebrew šninɔ: A 'Cautionary Tale' of Root Identification</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vetus Testamentum 64.2 (2014): 279–283</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present study comprises a philological examination of the term šninɔ. The contextual semantic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present study comprises a philological examination of the term šninɔ. The contextual semantics, the ancient translations, and the recent re-identification of the verbal root ŠNN as a by-form of ŠNY 'to recount' demonstrate that šninɔ may be realigned as related to this root and translated as a 'cautionary tale'.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f22925505da78dbde641eec95ea21c5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37081087,"asset_id":11604703,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37081087/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11604703"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11604703"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604703; 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Biblical Hebrew: A Compact Guide (Zondervan, 2012)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37081261/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11604999/Review_of_Van_Pelt_M_Biblical_Hebrew_A_Compact_Guide_Zondervan_2012_">Review of Van Pelt, M. Biblical Hebrew: A Compact Guide (Zondervan, 2012)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>STR 4.2</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">SOUTHEASTERN THEOLOGICAL REVIEW culture. The book will thus fulfill its purpose of instructing st...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">SOUTHEASTERN THEOLOGICAL REVIEW culture. The book will thus fulfill its purpose of instructing students in how the church has thoughts about its doctrine, even when such thinking parts ways with the traditions of which the student may have been a part.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b1d687758bbd54407f1b5e1d10b22d0f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37081261,"asset_id":11604999,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37081261/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11604999"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11604999"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604999; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11604999]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11604999]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11604999; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11604999']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b1d687758bbd54407f1b5e1d10b22d0f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11604999]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11604999,"title":"Review of Van Pelt, M. 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Two distinct Semitic nouns are identified as the derivational basis for the attested forms and meanings in biblical Hebrew.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2e9c96dd24a97597b57afe23c5f9c834" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":16856725,"asset_id":1258399,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/16856725/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1258399"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1258399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1258399; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="252876"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/252876/A_Revised_Reading_of_a_Nabataean_Inscription_from_Umm_al_Jimaal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Revised Reading of a Nabataean Inscription from Umm al-Jimaal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/1042340/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/252876/A_Revised_Reading_of_a_Nabataean_Inscription_from_Umm_al_Jimaal">A Revised Reading of a Nabataean Inscription from Umm al-Jimaal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HardyChip">Chip Hardy</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/AaronButts">Aaron Butts</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A new reading and interpretation are proposed for line two of a Nabataean inscription from Umm a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A new reading and interpretation are proposed for line two of a  Nabataean inscription from Umm al-Jimal that was recently published in this journal by S. Said and M. al-Hamad (JSS 48 [2003], 29–34).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e41088a8e06603d038fc434f5fd506a2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":1042340,"asset_id":252876,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1042340/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="252876"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="252876"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 252876; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="252877"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/252877/Two_New_Inscriptions_from_Zincirli_and_Its_Environs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Two New Inscriptions from Zincirli and Its Environs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/1042376/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/252877/Two_New_Inscriptions_from_Zincirli_and_Its_Environs">Two New Inscriptions from Zincirli and Its Environs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HardyChip">Chip Hardy</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamuelBoyd2">Samuel Boyd</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In 2006 and 2008, two small alphabetic inscriptions were discovered by local residents in the env...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In 2006 and 2008, two small alphabetic inscriptions were discovered by local residents in the environs of Zincirli, Turkey. The texts are in the Phoenician-Aramaic script, but are too fragmentary to provide certain readings or language identification. However, these fragments, in addition to the intact KTMW inscription discovered in situ during the 2008 archaeological season, indicate the likely existence of more texts at this site and the continued relevance of Zincirli and its environs for philological research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e47fda1ca35ceae9b9ff6c0e2f99b97c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":1042376,"asset_id":252877,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1042376/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="252877"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="252877"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 252877; 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The Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex. Vol. 3, 1 Samuel. Texts ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">David Marcus. The Masorah of the Former Prophets in the Leningrad Codex. Vol. 3, 1 Samuel. Texts and Studies 14. 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A Cultural History of Aramaic: From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Review:<br />Holger Gzella. A Cultural History of Aramaic: From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East 111. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2015. xvi + 451 pp. Hardback. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="15305011" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82472301"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82472301/_Like_%CA%BEIlu_are_You_Wise_Studies_in_Northwest_Semitic_Languages_and_Literatures_in_Honor_of_Dennis_G_Pardee"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “Like ʾIlu are You Wise:” Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Dennis G. Pardee" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89598538/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82472301/_Like_%CA%BEIlu_are_You_Wise_Studies_in_Northwest_Semitic_Languages_and_Literatures_in_Honor_of_Dennis_G_Pardee">“Like ʾIlu are You Wise:” Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Dennis G. Pardee</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HardyChip">Chip Hardy</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://yale.academia.edu/EricReymond">Eric Reymond</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>OIP</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This volume honors Dennis G. Pardee, Henry Crown Professor of Hebrew Studies in the Department of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This volume honors Dennis G. Pardee, Henry Crown Professor of Hebrew Studies in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the University of Chicago and one of the preeminent experts in Northwest Semitic languages and literatures, particularly Ugaritic studies. The thirty-seven essays by colleagues and former students reflect the wide range of Professor Pardee’s research interests and include, among other topics, new readings of inscriptions, studies of poetic structure, and investigations of Late Bronze Age society.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9b9fc05d759cee870f0cd162dff8c09c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89598538,"asset_id":82472301,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89598538/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82472301"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82472301"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82472301; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82472301]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82472301]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82472301; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82472301']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9b9fc05d759cee870f0cd162dff8c09c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82472301]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82472301,"title":"“Like ʾIlu are You Wise:” Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Dennis G. 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The study contributes a detailed corpus-based accounting of the variation evidenced by the usages of Biblical Hebrew prepositions and provides a descriptive model of the emergence of this linguistic subsystem. Furthermore, it demonstrates the value of integrating diachronic linguistics and philological approaches in the investigation of grammar, providing for an exhaustive language-internal description.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="50fa44eddfc83d42215672d4ec7abbd7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88169779,"asset_id":82471417,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88169779/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82471417"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82471417"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82471417; 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