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<li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_players" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_players"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable players</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_players-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highlights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highlights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Highlights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highlights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Standings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_as_a_major_league" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_as_a_major_league"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Status as a major league</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_as_a_major_league-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Association" title="Union Association – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Union Association" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="ユニオン・アソシエーション – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユニオン・アソシエーション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Association" title="Union Association – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Union Association" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Association" title="Union Association – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Union Association" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Association" title="Union Association – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Union Association" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Defunct American baseball league</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the minor league that operated from 1911 through 1914, see <a href="/wiki/Union_Association_(minor_league)" title="Union Association (minor league)">Union Association (minor league)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Union Association</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1884</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Ceased</th><td class="infobox-data">1884</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lucas_(baseball)" title="Henry Lucas (baseball)">Henry Lucas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">No. of teams</th><td class="infobox-data">12</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Last<br />champion(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1884_St._Louis_Maroons_season" title="1884 St. Louis Maroons season">St. Louis Maroons</a> (1884)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Union Association</b> was an American professional <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> league which competed with <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>, lasting for just the 1884 season. St. Louis won the pennant and joined the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> the following season. </p><p>Seven of the twelve teams who were in the Association at some point during the season did not play a full schedule: four teams folded during the season and were replaced, while Chicago moved to Pittsburgh in late August. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The league was founded in September 1883<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the young St. Louis millionaire <a href="/wiki/Henry_Lucas_(baseball)" title="Henry Lucas (baseball)">Henry Lucas</a>, who was eventually named the league's president, with owner <a href="/wiki/Tom_Pratt_(baseball)" title="Tom Pratt (baseball)">Tom Pratt</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Keystones" title="Philadelphia Keystones">Philadelphia franchise</a> serving as vice-president and <a href="/wiki/Warren_White_(baseball)" title="Warren White (baseball)">Warren W. White</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals_(UA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Nationals (UA)">Washington franchise</a> as secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After being appointed president, Lucas bought the best available players for his <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Maroons" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Maroons">St. Louis franchise</a> at the expense of the rest of the league, which represented an obvious conflict-of-interest situation: the Maroons subsequently opened the season with 20 straight wins, and finished with a record of 94–19 (.832 winning percentage), winning the pennant by 21 games after having clinched it with five weeks to play. </p><p>The league not only suffered from lopsided talent distribution, but also instability - four franchises folded during the season, forcing the league to scramble to replace them with three teams from lower leagues and one new team, while Chicago moved to Pittsburgh mid-season - and a poorly drafted schedule, which saw the league derisively dubbed "The Onion League" by its detractors in the two established leagues. The list of franchise movements is as follows: </p> <ul><li><b>April 17</b>: Season opens with the following franchises: <a href="/wiki/Altoona_Mountain_Citys" title="Altoona Mountain Citys">Altoona Mountain Citys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Monumentals" title="Baltimore Monumentals">Baltimore Monumentals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Reds_(1884)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Reds (1884)">Boston Reds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Browns/Pittsburgh_Stogies" title="Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies">Chicago Browns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Outlaw_Reds" title="Cincinnati Outlaw Reds">Cincinnati Outlaw Reds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Keystones" title="Philadelphia Keystones">Philadelphia Keystones</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Maroons" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Maroons">St. Louis Maroons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals_(Union_Association)" title="Washington Nationals (Union Association)">Washington Nationals</a></li> <li><b>May 31</b>: <a href="/wiki/Altoona_Mountain_Citys" title="Altoona Mountain Citys">Altoona Mountain Citys</a> folded.</li> <li><b>June 7</b>: <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Cowboys_(Union_Association)" title="Kansas City Cowboys (Union Association)">Kansas City Cowboys</a> were formed to take over Altoona's games starting on this date.</li> <li><b>August 7</b>: <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Keystones" title="Philadelphia Keystones">Philadelphia Keystones</a> folded.</li> <li><b>August 18</b>: <a href="/wiki/Wilmington_Quicksteps" title="Wilmington Quicksteps">Wilmington Quicksteps</a> recruited from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_(1884%E2%80%931887)" title="Eastern League (1884–1887)">Eastern League</a> to take over Philadelphia's games, starting on this date.</li> <li><b>August 21</b>: Chicago Browns played their last game before the franchise moved to Pittsburgh.</li> <li><b>September 15</b>: Wilmington Quicksteps fold, having played their final game on September 12: at this point of the season, the St. Louis Maroons have already clinched the pennant, even though there are still five weeks of games left to play.</li> <li><b>September 18</b>: Pittsburgh Stogies (formerly the Chicago Browns) folded.</li> <li><b>September 27</b>: <a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Saints_(Union_Association)" title="St. Paul Saints (Union Association)">St. Paul Saints</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers_(1884%E2%80%931885)" title="Milwaukee Brewers (1884–1885)">Milwaukee Brewers</a> were recruited from the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_League" title="Northwestern League">Northwestern League</a> to finish the Chicago/Pittsburgh and the Philadelphia/Wilmington schedules respectively.</li> <li><b>October 19</b>: Season concludes.</li></ul> <p>On January 15, 1885, at a scheduled UA meeting in Milwaukee, only the Milwaukee and Kansas City franchises showed up, and the league was promptly disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The St. Louis franchise itself was deemed to be strong enough to enter the National League in 1885, but it faced heavy competition within the city, as the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Browns_(NL)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Browns (NL)">St. Louis Browns</a> were a power in the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association (19th century)">American Association</a>. </p><p>The lone survivor of the Union moved to Indianapolis and became the Hoosiers after 1886, having compiled records of 36–72 and 43–79 in St. Louis, and they played another three seasons before folding, with records of 37–89, 50–85 and 59–75 for a .360 win percentage in the NL, and an all-time franchise winning percentage of .432. These figures, perhaps, reveal the gulf in class between the UA and the established major leagues. </p><p>Perhaps the most obvious impact of the short-lived league was on the career of a player who did <i>not</i> jump to the new league: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Radbourn" title="Charles Radbourn">Charles Radbourn</a>. With a schedule of a little over 100 games, most teams employed two regular pitchers, and the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Grays" title="Providence Grays">Providence Grays</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> featured Radbourn and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Sweeney" title="Charlie Sweeney">Charlie Sweeney</a>. According to the 1991 book <i>Glory Fades Away</i> by Jerry Lansche, Sweeney fell out of grace with the Providence team in late July after he refused to be replaced in a game while drunk, and was expelled. Rather than come crawling back, Sweeney signed with Lucas' team, leaving Radbourn by himself. </p><p>Leveraging his situation, Radbourn pledged to stay with the club and be the sole primary pitcher if he would be given a raise and granted free agency at season's end. Radbourn, who already had 24 wins at that point to Sweeney's 17, pitched nearly every game after that, and went on to win an astounding 59 games (a record) during the regular season; he has since been credited with another win for 60 that season. For an encore, he also won all three games of 1884's version of the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>, pitching every inning of a sweep of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Metropolitans" title="New York Metropolitans">New York Metropolitans</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association (19th century)">American Association</a>. His performance in 1884, along with a generally strong career and an overall record of 309-194 (.614), assured Radbourn his place in the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball Hall of Fame">Baseball Hall of Fame</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_ptfskjqn3mrb9r2otc6ffrtuv0d96hs"></map><img usemap="#timeline_ptfskjqn3mrb9r2otc6ffrtuv0d96hs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/ptfskjqn3mrb9r2otc6ffrtuv0d96hs.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_players">Notable players</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable players"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The best hitter of the 1884 Union Association was <a href="/wiki/Fred_Dunlap" title="Fred Dunlap">Fred Dunlap</a> of the Maroons, while star pitchers for the UA included <a href="/wiki/Jim_McCormick_(pitcher)" title="Jim McCormick (pitcher)">Jim McCormick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Sweeney" title="Charlie Sweeney">Charlie Sweeney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dupee_Shaw" title="Dupee Shaw">Dupee Shaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Daily" title="Hugh Daily">Hugh Daily</a>. </p><p>Notable players that made their debut in the Union Association included <a href="/wiki/Tommy_McCarthy_(baseball)" title="Tommy McCarthy (baseball)">Tommy McCarthy</a>, who was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1946, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Clements" title="Jack Clements">Jack Clements</a>, the only man in baseball history to play a full career as a left-handed catcher.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Switch-pitcher <a href="/wiki/Tony_Mullane" title="Tony Mullane">Tony Mullane</a> attempted to sign with the Maroons, but the Browns had a <a href="/wiki/Reserve_clause" title="Reserve clause">reserve clause</a> on Mullane, and he relented after he was threatened with <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_banned_from_Major_League_Baseball" title="List of people banned from Major League Baseball">banishment from the NL</a> if he signed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Highlights">Highlights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Highlights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Union Association saw two no-hitters in its brief existence: one by <a href="/wiki/Dick_Burns" title="Dick Burns">Dick Burns</a> of the Outlaw Reds on August 26 and one by <a href="/wiki/Ed_Cushman" title="Ed Cushman">Ed Cushman</a> of the Brewers on September 28. On July 7, Hugh Daily struck out 19 Boston Reds in a nine-inning game, a major league record that would stand for 102 years, until <a href="/wiki/Roger_Clemens" title="Roger Clemens">Roger Clemens</a> struck out 20 batters in a game in 1986. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Porter_(baseball)" title="Henry Porter (baseball)">Henry Porter</a> and Dupee Shaw got 18-strikeout games. The Chicago Browns executed a <a href="/wiki/Triple_play" title="Triple play">triple play</a> on June 19. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standings">Standings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Standings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 345px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 343px; height: 212px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -52px; left: -339px; width: 729px"><div class="noresize"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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/></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Monumentals" title="Baltimore Monumentals"><span class="nowrap">Monumentals</span></a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.157%;left:89.445%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Reds"><img alt="Reds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/16px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Boston_Reds_(Union_Association)" title="Boston Reds (Union 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style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Stogies*"><img alt="Stogies*" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/16px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Browns/Pittsburgh_Stogies" title="Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies">Stogies*</a></b></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.957%;left:69.142%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outlaw Reds"><img alt="Outlaw Reds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/16px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Outlaw_Reds" title="Cincinnati Outlaw Reds">Outlaw Reds</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.916%;left:52.354%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cowboys"><img alt="Cowboys" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/16px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Cowboys_(Union_Association)" title="Kansas City Cowboys (Union Association)">Cowboys</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.151%;left:62.778%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brewers"><img alt="Brewers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, 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/></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>       <span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Keystones" title="Philadelphia Keystones"><span class="nowrap">Keystones</span></a></b></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.001%;left:59.746%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Maroons"><img alt="Maroons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/16px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Maroons/Indianapolis_Hoosiers" title="St. Louis Maroons/Indianapolis Hoosiers">Maroons</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.382%;left:54.438%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saints"><img alt="Saints" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/16px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Saints_(Union_Association)" title="St. Paul Saints (Union Association)">Saints</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.5%;left:81.684%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nationals"><img alt="Nationals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/16px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals_(Union_Association)" title="Washington Nationals (Union Association)">Nationals</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.785%;left:83.644%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Union Association"><img alt="Union Association" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/16px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.889%;left:82.73%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Quicksteps"><img alt="Quicksteps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Clear1x1.gif" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_Quicksteps" title="Wilmington Quicksteps">Quicksteps</a></b></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> </a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Locations of teams for the 1884 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Union Association</a> season<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ButtonGreen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/16px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Union Association</a><br />*Chicago Browns moved to Pittsburgh mid-way through the season as the Pittsburgh Stogies.</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>As teams dissolved and were replaced by others, taking over their games on the schedule, Union Association standings were printed in contemporary newspapers with a total of eight teams. </p><p>Under this system, Altoona and Kansas City were counted as one team, as were Chicago/Pittsburgh/St. Paul and Philadelphia/Wilmington/Milwaukee. In fact, the Chicago team had moved to Pittsburgh mid-way through the season, maintaining the same team ownership and player roster; the league's other team changes involved entirely new teams taking over the scheduled games for a team that folded. </p><p>The final standings for the Union Association's 1884 season, when regarded as an eight-team league, were: </p> <table class="wikitable MLBStandingsTable"> <caption>Union Association eight-team standings </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="51%">Team </th> <th width="6%"><a href="/wiki/Win_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Win (baseball)">W</a> </th> <th width="6%"><a href="/wiki/Loss_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss (baseball)">L</a> </th> <th width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Winning_percentage" title="Winning percentage">Pct.</a> </th> <th width="8%"><a href="/wiki/Games_behind" title="Games behind">GB</a> </th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Home_(sports)" title="Home (sports)">Home</a> </th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Road_(sports)" title="Road (sports)">Road</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_St._Louis_Maroons_season" title="1884 St. Louis Maroons season">St. Louis Maroons</a> </td> <td>94 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>.832 </td> <td>— </td> <td><span class="nowrap">49–6</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">45–13</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Cincinnati_Outlaw_Reds_season" title="1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds season">Cincinnati Outlaw Reds</a> </td> <td>69 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>.657 </td> <td>21 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">35–17</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">34–19</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Baltimore_Monumentals_season" title="1884 Baltimore Monumentals season">Baltimore Monumentals</a> </td> <td>58 </td> <td>47 </td> <td>.552 </td> <td>32 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">29–21</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">29–26</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Boston_Reds_season" title="1884 Boston Reds season">Boston Reds</a> </td> <td>58 </td> <td>51 </td> <td>.532 </td> <td>34 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">34–22</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">24–29</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Chicago_Browns/Pittsburgh_Stogies_season" title="1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies season">Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies</a> / <a href="/wiki/1884_St._Paul_Saints_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 St. Paul Saints season">St. Paul Saints</a> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>56 </td> <td>.434 </td> <td>43 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">21–19</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">22–37</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Washington_Nationals_(UA)_season" title="1884 Washington Nationals (UA) season">Washington Nationals (UA)</a> </td> <td>47 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>.420 </td> <td>46½ </td> <td><span class="nowrap">36–27</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">11–38</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Philadelphia_Keystones_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 Philadelphia Keystones season">Philadelphia Keystones</a> / <a href="/wiki/1884_Wilmington_Quicksteps_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 Wilmington Quicksteps season">Wilmington Quicksteps</a> / <a href="/wiki/1884_Milwaukee_Brewers_season" title="1884 Milwaukee Brewers season">Milwaukee Brewers</a> </td> <td>31 </td> <td>66 </td> <td>.320 </td> <td>55 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">23–31</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">8–35</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Altoona_Mountain_Citys_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 Altoona Mountain Citys season">Altoona Mountain Citys</a> / <a href="/wiki/1884_Kansas_City_Cowboys_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 Kansas City Cowboys season">Kansas City Cowboys</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>82 </td> <td>.212 </td> <td>67½ </td> <td><span class="nowrap">17–35</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">5–47</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When each individual team is considered separately (a situation that was not in force in 1884), the Union Association standings look like this: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642426">.mw-parser-output .MLBStandingsTable,.mw-parser-output .MLBStandingsTable th{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .MLBStandingsTable .MLBStandingsHighlightedRow{background:#CCFFCC}</style> </p> <table class="wikitable MLBStandingsTable"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;width:0;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1884_Union_Association_standings" title="Template:1884 Union Association standings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1884_Union_Association_standings" title="Template talk:1884 Union Association standings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1884_Union_Association_standings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1884 Union Association standings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Union Association</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="51%">Team </th> <th width="6%"><a href="/wiki/Win_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Win (baseball)">W</a> </th> <th width="6%"><a href="/wiki/Loss_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss (baseball)">L</a> </th> <th width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Winning_percentage" title="Winning percentage">Pct.</a> </th> <th width="8%"><a href="/wiki/Games_behind" title="Games behind">GB</a> </th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Home_(sports)" title="Home (sports)">Home</a> </th> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Road_(sports)" title="Road (sports)">Road</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_St._Louis_Maroons_season" title="1884 St. Louis Maroons season">St. Louis Maroons</a> </td> <td>94</td> <td>19 </td> <td>.832 </td> <td>— </td> <td>49‍–‍6 </td> <td>45‍–‍13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Cincinnati_Outlaw_Reds_season" title="1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds season">Cincinnati Outlaw Reds</a> </td> <td>69</td> <td>36 </td> <td>.657 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>35‍–‍17 </td> <td>34‍–‍19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Baltimore_Monumentals_season" title="1884 Baltimore Monumentals season">Baltimore Monumentals</a> </td> <td>58</td> <td>47 </td> <td>.552 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>29‍–‍21 </td> <td>29‍–‍26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Boston_Reds_season" title="1884 Boston Reds season">Boston Reds</a> </td> <td>58</td> <td>51 </td> <td>.532 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>34‍–‍22 </td> <td>24‍–‍29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Milwaukee_Brewers_season" title="1884 Milwaukee Brewers season">Milwaukee Brewers</a> </td> <td>8</td> <td>4 </td> <td>.667 </td> <td>35½ </td> <td>8‍–‍4 </td> <td>0‍–‍0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_St._Paul_Saints_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 St. Paul Saints season">St. Paul Saints</a> </td> <td>2</td> <td>6 </td> <td>.250 </td> <td>39½ </td> <td>0‍–‍0 </td> <td>2‍–‍6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Chicago_Browns/Pittsburgh_Stogies_season" title="1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies season">Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies</a> </td> <td>41</td> <td>50 </td> <td>.451 </td> <td>42 </td> <td>21‍–‍19 </td> <td>20‍–‍31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Altoona_Mountain_Citys_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 Altoona Mountain Citys season">Altoona Mountain Citys</a> </td> <td>6</td> <td>19 </td> <td>.240 </td> <td>44 </td> <td>6‍–‍12 </td> <td>0‍–‍7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Wilmington_Quicksteps_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 Wilmington Quicksteps season">Wilmington Quicksteps</a> </td> <td>2</td> <td>16 </td> <td>.111 </td> <td>44½ </td> <td>1‍–‍6 </td> <td>1‍–‍10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Washington_Nationals_(UA)_season" title="1884 Washington Nationals (UA) season">Washington Nationals (UA)</a> </td> <td>47</td> <td>65 </td> <td>.420 </td> <td>46½ </td> <td>36‍–‍27 </td> <td>11‍–‍38 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Philadelphia_Keystones_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 Philadelphia Keystones season">Philadelphia Keystones</a> </td> <td>21</td> <td>46 </td> <td>.313 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>14‍–‍21 </td> <td>7‍–‍25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1884_Kansas_City_Cowboys_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 Kansas City Cowboys season">Kansas City Cowboys</a> </td> <td>16</td> <td>63 </td> <td>.203 </td> <td>61 </td> <td>11‍–‍23 </td> <td>5‍–‍40 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_as_a_major_league">Status as a major league</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Status as a major league"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the league is conventionally listed as a major league, this status has been questioned<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by a number of modern baseball historians, most notably <a href="/wiki/Bill_James" title="Bill James">Bill James</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Bill_James_Historical_Baseball_Abstract" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract">The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract</a></i>, who found that the contemporary <a href="/wiki/Baseball_guides" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball guides">baseball guides</a> did not consider the Union Association to be a major league: the earliest record James found of the Union Association being referred to as a major league was <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lanigan" title="Ernest Lanigan">Ernest Lanigan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baseball_Cyclopedia" title="The Baseball Cyclopedia">The Baseball Cyclopedia</a></i>, published in 1922. </p><p>While the league had a number of major league players (on the St. Louis franchise, at least), the league's overall talent and organization was notably inferior to that of the two established major leagues. Of the 272 players in the Association, 107 (39.34%) never played in another major league, while 72 (26.47%) played <a href="/wiki/Cup_of_coffee" title="Cup of coffee">very briefly</a> (less than 300 at bats and/or 50 hits) in other major leagues, and 79 (29.04%) had longer careers but little success in other major leagues.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The league's only star player, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Dunlap" title="Fred Dunlap">Fred Dunlap</a>, led the league in batting average with .412 (86 points higher than his second-best season, and 120 points higher than his career average), and also led the league in on-base percentage, slugging percentage, runs scored, hits, total bases, and home runs (with 13, typical for the era). </p><p>After the Association folded, Dunlap never hit higher than .274 or more than seven home runs in a season until he retired in 1891, another measure of the inferior quality of the Union Association. In point of fact, if the 1884 UA season is excluded from his career totals, Dunlap's career batting average was .276 (a drop of sixteen points), and he hit 28 career home runs (a loss of nearly one-third of his career total). </p><p>However, Richard Hershberger, responding to James in the <i>Baseball Research Journal</i>, has argued that the UA should be considered a major league because the then-existing major leagues, the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> (NL) and the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_(1882%E2%80%931891)" title="American Association (1882–1891)">American Association</a> (AA), treated it as a significant competitor: "The AA added teams to block the UA. The established leagues changed their own rules via the Day resolutions [to enforce the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_clause" title="Reserve clause">reserve clause</a> to ban players who played in the UA]. They were forced to pay higher salaries. The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals_(American_Association)" title="Washington Nationals (American Association)">AA Washingtons</a> were run out of town by the UA. The <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Blues_(National_League)" title="Cleveland Blues (National League)">NL Clevelands</a> were brought to the brink and forced to sell out. Finally, the NL paid Lucas off by bringing him into the league, risking renewed war with the AA. In short, we should regard the Union Association as a major league because the National League and American Association regarded it as a major threat. They were in a position to know."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>David Pietrusza. <i>Major Leagues: The Formation, Sometimes Absorption and Mostly Inevitable Demise of 18 Professional Baseball Organizations, 1871 to Present</i>. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 1991. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89950-590-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89950-590-2">0-89950-590-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020025125/http://www.baseballlibrary.com/chronology/byyear.php?year=1883&previous=yes">"The Chronology - 1883 - BaseballLibrary.com"</a>. <i>baseballlibrary.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseballlibrary.com/chronology/byyear.php?year=1883&previous=yes">the original</a> on October 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baseballlibrary.com&rft.atitle=The+Chronology+-+1883+-+BaseballLibrary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseballlibrary.com%2Fchronology%2Fbyyear.php%3Fyear%3D1883%26previous%3Dyes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichter1908" class="citation journal cs1">Richter, Francis C. (March 14, 1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/SportingLife/1908/VOL_51_NO_01/SL5101006.pdf">"Two Big Wars Interrupted the Progress of the National Game"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sporting Life</i>. <b>51</b> (1): 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110508015538/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/SportingLife/1908/VOL_51_NO_01/SL5101006.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sporting+Life&rft.atitle=Two+Big+Wars+Interrupted+the+Progress+of+the+National+Game&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1908-03-14&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Francis+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la84foundation.org%2FSportsLibrary%2FSportingLife%2F1908%2FVOL_51_NO_01%2FSL5101006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080101103130/http://www.baseballlibrary.com/chronology/byyear.php?year=1885">"The Chronology - 1885 - BaseballLibrary.com"</a>. <i>baseballlibrary.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseballlibrary.com/chronology/byyear.php?year=1885">the original</a> on January 1, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baseballlibrary.com&rft.atitle=The+Chronology+-+1885+-+BaseballLibrary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseballlibrary.com%2Fchronology%2Fbyyear.php%3Fyear%3D1885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://63.99.108.117/yearly/debut.php?y=1884&l=UA">1884 Union Association Baseball Debuts / Rookies by Baseball Almanac</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nate_Silver" title="Nate Silver">Silver, Nate</a> (April 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001153251/http://www.baseballprospectus.com/unfiltered/?p=324">"NerdFight: League Quality Adjustments"</a>. <i>baseballprospectus.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseballprospectus.com/unfiltered/?p=324">the original</a> on October 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baseballprospectus.com&rft.atitle=NerdFight%3A+League+Quality+Adjustments&rft.date=2007-04-13&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseballprospectus.com%2Funfiltered%2F%3Fp%3D324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2010" class="citation book cs1">James, Bill (May 11, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3uSbqUm8hSAC&q=union+association+major+league&pg=PA24"><i>The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439106938" title="Special:BookSources/9781439106938"><bdi>9781439106938</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180504233518/https://books.google.com/books?id=3uSbqUm8hSAC&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=union+association+major+league&source=bl&ots=1lp8m8-Dvm&sig=IbdfjiL4EcJaC5G05j1TDlMNcl4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hkTqUKbKLKHNmQXDwYDgBw&ved=0CGsQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=union+association+major+league&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Bill+James+Historical+Baseball+Abstract&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2010-05-11&rft.isbn=9781439106938&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3uSbqUm8hSAC%26q%3Dunion%2Bassociation%2Bmajor%2Bleague%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHershberger2024" class="citation journal cs1">Hershberger, Richard (Spring 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/journal/article/the-union-association-war-of-1884/#sidebar">"Was the Union Association a Major League?"</a>. <i>Baseball Research Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baseball+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Was+the+Union+Association+a+Major+League%3F&rft.ssn=spring&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Hershberger&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fjournal%2Farticle%2Fthe-union-association-war-of-1884%2F%23sidebar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Union Association at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/UA.shtml">baseball-reference.com</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070324223117/http://www.baseballlibrary.com/chronology/byyear.php?year=1884&previous=yes">1884 in baseball</a> at baseballlibrary.com</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_East" title="American League East">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_Central" title="American League Central">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Guardians" title="Cleveland Guardians">Cleveland Guardians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_West" title="American League West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_(baseball)" title="Athletics (baseball)">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_East" title="National League East">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Marlins" title="Miami Marlins">Miami Marlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_Central" title="National League Central">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_West" title="National League West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks" title="Arizona Diamondbacks">Arizona Diamondbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_schedule" title="Major League Baseball schedule">Schedule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spring_training" title="Spring training">Spring training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_Day" title="Opening Day">Opening Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson_Day" title="Jackie Robinson Day">Jackie Robinson Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Game" title="Civil Rights Game">Civil Rights Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="Major League Baseball All-Star Game">All-Star Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleague_play" title="Interleague play">Interleague play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_games_played_outside_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="List of Major League Baseball games played outside the United States and Canada">International games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_London_Series" title="MLB London Series">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Mexico_City_Series" title="MLB Mexico City Series">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Seoul_Series" title="MLB Seoul Series">Seoul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Little_League_Classic" title="MLB Little League Classic">Little League Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_at_Field_of_Dreams" title="MLB at Field of Dreams">Field of Dreams Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_at_Rickwood_Field" title="MLB at Rickwood Field">Rickwood Field Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Players_Weekend" title="Players Weekend">Players Weekend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic" title="World Baseball Classic">World Baseball Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_postseason" title="Major League Baseball postseason">Postseason</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Series_champions" title="List of World Series champions">Champions</a></li></ul></li> <li>AL <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_League_pennant_winners" title="List of American League pennant winners">AL champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_League_Championship_Series" title="American League Championship Series">ALCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_League_Division_Series" title="American League Division Series">ALDS</a></li></ul></li> <li>NL <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_League_pennant_winners" title="List of National League pennant winners">NL champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_Championship_Series" title="National League Championship Series">NLCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_Division_Series" title="National League Division Series">NLDS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Card_Series" title="Wild Card Series">Wild Card Game/Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_postseason_teams" title="List of Major League Baseball postseason teams">Appearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_franchise_postseason_streaks" title="List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason streaks">Streaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_franchise_postseason_droughts" title="List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason droughts">Droughts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_postseason_series" title="List of Major League Baseball postseason series">Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_postseason_sweeps" title="List of Major League Baseball postseason sweeps">Sweeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_postseason_records" title="List of Major League Baseball postseason records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_game_sevens" title="List of Major League Baseball game sevens">Game 7s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Authentication_Program" title="Major League Baseball Authentication Program">Authentication Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Professional_Baseball_Rules_Book" title="The Official Professional Baseball Rules Book">Business rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="Major League Baseball draft">Draft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_5_draft" title="Rule 5 draft">Rule 5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-paid_Major_League_Baseball_players" title="List of highest-paid Major League Baseball players">Highest-paid players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_stove_league" title="Hot stove league">Hot stove league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_luxury_tax" title="Major League Baseball luxury tax">Luxury tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_lockout" title="MLB lockout">Lockouts/strikes</a></li> <li>Media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_logo" title="Major League Baseball logo">Logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_the_radio" title="Major League Baseball on the radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_television" title="Major League Baseball on television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Network" title="MLB Network">MLB Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Local_Media" title="MLB Local Media">MLB Local Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Players_Association" title="Major League Baseball Players Association">Players Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic_Inc." title="World Baseball Classic Inc.">World Baseball Classic Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_transactions" title="Major League Baseball transactions">Transactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_agency_(Major_League_Baseball)" title="Free agency (Major League Baseball)">Free agency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_most_valuable_MLB_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes list of the most valuable MLB clubs">Valuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Meetings" title="Winter Meetings">Winter Meetings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instant_replay_in_Major_League_Baseball" title="Instant replay in Major League Baseball">Instant replay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_uniforms" title="Major League Baseball uniforms">Team uniforms</a> (<a href="/wiki/2024_Major_League_Baseball_uniform_controversy" title="2024 Major League Baseball uniform controversy">2024 controversy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Major_League_Baseball_stadiums" title="List of current Major League Baseball stadiums">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_mascots" title="List of Major League Baseball mascots">Mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_rivalries" title="Major League Baseball rivalries">Rivalries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Major_League_Baseball_and_Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Comparison of Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball">Comparison with Nippon Professional Baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_baseball_in_the_United_States" title="History of baseball in the United States">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_American_League" title="History of the American League">AL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_seasons" title="List of Major League Baseball seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_tie-breakers" title="List of Major League Baseball tie-breakers">Tie-breakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_tie-breaking_procedures" title="Major League Baseball tie-breaking procedures">Tie-breaking procedures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_all-time_Major_League_Baseball_win%E2%80%93loss_records" title="List of all-time Major League Baseball win–loss records">All-time win–loss records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_records" title="List of Major League Baseball career records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_awards" title="List of Major League Baseball awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_retired_numbers" title="List of Major League Baseball retired numbers">Retired numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Hall of Fame</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of members of the Baseball Hall of Fame">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Commission" title="National Baseball Commission">National Baseball Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_League" title="Continental League">Continental League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_baseball" title="Organized baseball">Organized baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_black_Major_League_Baseball_players" title="List of first black Major League Baseball players">First black players in MLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Negro_league_baseball_players_who_played_in_Major_League_Baseball" title="List of Negro league baseball players who played in Major League Baseball">Negro leaguers who played in MLB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_Major_League_Baseball_principal_owners" title="List of female Major League Baseball principal owners">Women MLB owners</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Predecessors12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Professional_Base_Ball_Players" title="National Association of Professional Base Ball Players">National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(1882%E2%80%931891)" title="American Association (1882–1891)">American Association</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Union Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Players%27_League" title="Players' League">Players' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_League" title="Federal League">Federal League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Major Negro leagues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">Negro National League (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">Eastern Colored League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Negro_League" title="American Negro League">American Negro League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_League" title="East–West League">East–West League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_Southern_League_(1920%E2%80%931936)" title="Negro Southern League (1920–1936)">Negro Southern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">Negro National League (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">Negro American League</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steroid usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_drug_policy" title="Major League Baseball drug policy">Drug policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_suspended_for_performance-enhancing_drugs" title="List of Major League Baseball players suspended for performance-enhancing drugs">suspensions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Report" title="Mitchell Report">Mitchell Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogenesis_scandal" title="Biogenesis scandal">Biogenesis scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BALCO_scandal" title="BALCO scandal">BALCO scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Bonds_perjury_case" title="Barry Bonds perjury case">Barry Bonds perjury case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antitrust cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Baseball_Club_v._National_League" title="Federal Baseball Club v. National League">Federal Baseball Club v. National League</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toolson_v._New_York_Yankees,_Inc." title="Toolson v. New York Yankees, Inc.">Toolson v. New York Yankees, Inc.</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flood_v._Kuhn" title="Flood v. Kuhn">Flood v. Kuhn</a></i> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Major_League_Baseball" title="Timeline of Major League Baseball">Timeline of Major League Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_baseball_team_nicknames" title="History of baseball team nicknames">History of team nicknames</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead-ball_era" title="Dead-ball era">Dead-ball era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live-ball_era" title="Live-ball era">Live-ball era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_baseball" title="Golden age of baseball">Golden age of baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_and_relocated_Major_League_Baseball_teams" title="List of defunct and relocated Major League Baseball teams">Defunct and relocated teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_relocations_of_1950s%E2%80%931960s" title="Major League Baseball relocations of 1950s–1960s">Relocations of the 1950s–1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Major_League_Baseball" title="Expansion of Major League Baseball">Expansion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1961 Major League Baseball expansion">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1962 Major League Baseball expansion">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1969 Major League Baseball expansion">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1977 Major League Baseball expansion">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1993 Major League Baseball expansion">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1998 Major League Baseball expansion">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Major_League_Baseball#Potential_future_expansion_sites" title="Expansion of Major League Baseball">Potential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Major_League_Baseball_contraction_plan" title="2001 Major League Baseball contraction plan">Contraction attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Baseball" title="Commissioner of Baseball">Commissioner</a></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Rob_Manfred" title="Rob Manfred">Rob Manfred</a></b></li> <li>League Presidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_League_presidents" title="List of American League presidents">AL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_League_presidents" title="List of National League presidents">NL</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Professional_baseball_leagues78" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Professional_Baseball" title="Template:Professional Baseball"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Professional_Baseball" title="Template talk:Professional Baseball"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Professional_Baseball" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Professional Baseball"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Professional_baseball_leagues78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues#Baseball" title="List of professional sports leagues">Professional baseball leagues</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Americas137"><b>Americas</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">Triple-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_League" title="International League">International League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League" title="Pacific Coast League">Pacific Coast League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Double-A_(baseball)" title="Double-A (baseball)">Double-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_(1938%E2%80%93present)" title="Eastern League (1938–present)">Eastern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_League_(1964%E2%80%93present)" title="Southern League (1964–present)">Southern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_League" title="Texas League">Texas League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/High-A" title="High-A">High-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_League" title="Midwest League">Midwest League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_League" title="Northwest League">Northwest League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_League" title="South Atlantic League">South Atlantic League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Single-A" title="Single-A">Single-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_League" title="California League">California League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_League" title="Carolina League">Carolina League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_State_League" title="Florida State League">Florida State League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball#Rookie" title="Minor League Baseball">Rookie</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Complex_League" title="Arizona Complex League">Arizona Complex League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Summer_League" title="Dominican Summer League">Dominican Summer League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Complex_League" title="Florida Complex League">Florida Complex League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Independent_baseball_league" title="Independent baseball league">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB Partner Leagues</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball" title="American Association of Professional Baseball">American Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_League_of_Professional_Baseball" title="Atlantic League of Professional Baseball">Atlantic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_League" title="Frontier League">Frontier League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)" title="Pioneer League (baseball)">Pioneer League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Non-partnered leagues</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_National_Series" title="Cuban National Series">Cuban National Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_National_Championship_AA_League" title="Curaçao National Championship AA League">Curaçao AA League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Empire Professional Baseball League">Empire League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_League" title="Mexican League">Mexican League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Norte_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Liga Norte de México">Liga Norte de México</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_League" title="Pecos League">Pecos League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Shore_Professional_Baseball_League" title="United Shore Professional Baseball League">United Shore League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Major_League" title="Venezuelan Major League">Venezuelan Major League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Pro_Baseball_League" title="Women's Pro Baseball League">Women's Pro Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_league_baseball" title="Winter league baseball">Off-season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB-affiliated</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Fall_League" title="Arizona Fall League">Arizona Fall League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Dominican Professional Baseball League">Dominican Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Pacific_League" title="Mexican Pacific League">Mexican Pacific League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_de_B%C3%A9isbol_Profesional_Roberto_Clemente" title="Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente">Puerto Rico Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Venezuelan Professional Baseball League">Venezuelan Professional Baseball League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Paralela_de_B%C3%A9isbol_en_Venezuela" title="Liga Paralela de Béisbol en Venezuela">Liga Paralela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Independent</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Baseball_League" title="Argentine Baseball League">Argentine Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Colombian Professional Baseball League">Colombian Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Elite_League" title="Cuban Elite League">Cuban Elite League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Curaçao Professional Baseball League">Curaçao Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League">Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Panamanian Professional Baseball League">Panamanian Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Invernal_Veracruzana" title="Liga Invernal Veracruzana">Veracruz Winter League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB-recognized</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(1882%E2%80%931891)" title="American Association (1882–1891)">American Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_League" title="Federal League">Federal League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Players%27_League" title="Players' League">Players' League</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Union Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Other major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-American_Girls_Professional_Baseball_League" title="All-American Girls Professional Baseball League">All-American Girls Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_League" title="Continental League">Continental League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_League" title="Cuban League">Cuban League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Professional_Base_Ball_Players" title="National Association of Professional Base Ball Players">National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Baseball_League" title="United States Baseball League">United States Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_minor_baseball_leagues_in_the_United_States" title="List of defunct minor baseball leagues in the United States">List of defunct minor leagues</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Asia43"><b>Asia</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Baseball_League" title="China National Baseball League">China National Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct_major83" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Defunct major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Baseball_League" title="Israel Baseball League">Israel Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_League" title="Central League">Central League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_League" title="Pacific League">Pacific League</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_(Japanese_baseball)" title="Eastern League (Japanese baseball)">Eastern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_League_(Japanese_baseball)" title="Western League (Japanese baseball)">Western League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Off-season</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miyazaki_Phoenix_League" title="Miyazaki Phoenix League">Miyazaki Phoenix League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Independent</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Challenge_League" title="Baseball Challenge League">Baseball Challenge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Island_League_Plus" title="Shikoku Island League Plus">Shikoku Island League Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Women's</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Women%27s_Baseball_League" title="Japan Women's Baseball League">Japan Women's Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBO_League" title="KBO League">KBO League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBO_Futures_League" title="KBO Futures League">KBO Futures League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Taiwan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Chinese Professional Baseball League">Chinese Professional Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Chinese Professional Baseball League">Chinese Professional Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Defunct major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Major_League" title="Taiwan Major League">Taiwan Major League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Europe43"><b>Europe</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Italy and San Marino</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Baseball_League" title="Italian Baseball League">Italian Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honkbal_Hoofdklasse" title="Honkbal Hoofdklasse">Honkbal Hoofdklasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honkbal_Overgangsklasse" title="Honkbal Overgangsklasse">Honkbal Overgangsklasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Rookie</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honkbal_Rookie_League" title="Honkbal Rookie League">Honkbal Rookie League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Oceania22"><b>Oceania</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="MLB-affiliated:85" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB-affiliated:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Baseball_League" title="Australian Baseball League">Australian Baseball League</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Inter-league18"><b>Inter-league</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Professional_Baseball_Championship" title="Asia Professional Baseball Championship">Asia Professional Baseball Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Winter_Baseball_League" title="Asia Winter Baseball League">Asia Winter Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Series" title="Caribbean Series">Caribbean Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Series" title="Latin American Series">Latin American Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple-A_National_Championship_Game" title="Triple-A National Championship Game">Triple-A National Championship Game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&oldid=1275116580">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_Association&oldid=1275116580</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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