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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propriétés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Propriétés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propriétés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propriétés_oxydantes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propriétés_oxydantes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Propriétés oxydantes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propriétés_oxydantes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autres_utilisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autres_utilisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Autres utilisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autres_utilisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Permanganate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 32 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganaat" title="Permanganaat – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Permanganaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بيرمنغنات – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرمنغنات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Permanganat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Permanganat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganistany" title="Manganistany – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Manganistany" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Permanganat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganate" title="Permanganate – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Permanganate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Υπερμαγγανικό ιόν – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπερμαγγανικό ιόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganate" title="Permanganate – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Permanganate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganato" title="Permanganato – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Permanganato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganato" title="Permanganato – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Permanganato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="پرمنگنات – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرمنگنات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganaatti" title="Permanganaatti – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Permanganaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganaat" title="Permanganaat – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Permanganaat" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permangan%C3%A1t" title="Permanganát – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Permanganát" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permanganat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganato" title="Permanganato – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Permanganato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E9%85%B8%E5%A1%A9" title="過マンガン酸塩 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="過マンガン酸塩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%EB%A7%9D%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%88%EC%82%B0_%EC%97%BC" title="과망가니즈산 염 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과망가니즈산 염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Перманганат – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перманганат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganaat" title="Permanganaat – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Permanganaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadmanganiany" title="Nadmanganiany – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nadmanganiany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganato" title="Permanganato – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Permanganato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Permanganat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Permanganat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganate" title="Permanganate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Permanganate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Перманганат – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перманганат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பெர்மாங்கனேட்டு – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெர்மாங்கனேட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Permanganat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Перманганати – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перманганати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganat" title="Permanganat – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Permanganat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="高锰酸盐 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高锰酸盐" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q56809357#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Permanganate" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Permanganate" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Permanganate"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Permanganate"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible 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accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&oldid=221509750" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Permanganate&id=221509750&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Permanganate-anion-2D.png/300px-Permanganate-anion-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Permanganate-anion-2D.png/400px-Permanganate-anion-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption>La structure de l'ion permanganate</figcaption></figure> <p>Le <b>permanganate</b> (MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>) est l'<a href="/wiki/Anion" title="Anion">anion</a> des sels de l'<a href="/wiki/Acide_permanganique" title="Acide permanganique">acide permanganique</a>, constitué de quatre atomes d'<a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">oxygène</a> autour d'un de <a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse">manganèse</a>. On parle souvent de permanganate pour désigner le <a href="/wiki/Permanganate_de_potassium" title="Permanganate de potassium">permanganate de potassium</a>. </p><p>Les permanganates sont notamment utilisés pour la <a href="/wiki/Synth%C3%A8se_chimique" title="Synthèse chimique">synthèse</a> de <a href="/wiki/Substance_chimique" title="Substance chimique">produits chimiques</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Chimie_analytique" title="Chimie analytique">chimie analytique</a> — titrations volumétriques par <a href="/wiki/Oxydor%C3%A9duction" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxydoréduction">oxydoréduction</a>, telles l'oxydabilité ou le dosage de l'<a href="/wiki/Acide_oxalique" title="Acide oxalique">acide oxalique</a> — et en <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decine" title="Médecine">médecine</a> — pour désinfecter. Le <a href="/wiki/Contre-ion" title="Contre-ion">contre-ion</a> est généralement le <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>. Le permanganate de potassium (KMnO<sub>4</sub>) s'utilise en solution diluée (environ au millième) pour l'antisepsie en <a href="/wiki/Dermatologie" title="Dermatologie">dermatologie</a> ou en <a href="/wiki/Gyn%C3%A9cologie" title="Gynécologie">gynécologie</a> ainsi qu'en <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> ou en <a href="/wiki/Aquariophilie" title="Aquariophilie">aquariophilie</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fabrication">Fabrication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Fabrication" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Fabrication"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les permanganates peuvent être fabriqués par oxydation de composés du manganèse tels que le <a href="/wiki/Chlorure_de_mangan%C3%A8se(II)" title="Chlorure de manganèse(II)">chlorure de manganèse(II)</a> ou le <a href="/wiki/Sulfate_de_mangan%C3%A8se(II)" title="Sulfate de manganèse(II)">sulfate de manganèse(II)</a> par des agents oxydants forts, tels que l'<a href="/wiki/Hypochlorite_de_sodium" title="Hypochlorite de sodium">hypochlorite de sodium</a> ou le <a href="/wiki/Dioxyde_de_plomb" title="Dioxyde de plomb">dioxyde de plomb</a> : </p> <dl><dd>2 MnCl<sub>2</sub> + 5 NaClO + 6 NaOH → 2 NaMnO<sub>4</sub> + 9 NaCl + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd> <dd>2 MnSO<sub>4</sub> + 5 PbO<sub>2</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → 2 HMnO<sub>4</sub> + 5 PbSO<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>Ils peuvent aussi être fabriqués par la <a href="/wiki/Dismutation" title="Dismutation">dismutation</a> de <a href="/wiki/Manganate" title="Manganate">manganates</a>, avec comme sous-produit le <a href="/wiki/Dioxyde_de_mangan%C3%A8se" title="Dioxyde de manganèse">dioxyde de manganèse</a> : </p> <dl><dd>3 Na<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O → 2 NaMnO<sub>4</sub> + MnO<sub>2</sub> + 4 NaOH</dd></dl> <p>Ils sont fabriqués industriellement par <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrolyse" title="Électrolyse">électrolyse</a> ou par oxydation à l'air de solutions alcalines de sels de manganate (MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propriétés"><span id="Propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s"></span>Propriétés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Propriétés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Propriétés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Permanganate_spectrum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Permanganate_spectrum.png/200px-Permanganate_spectrum.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Permanganate_spectrum.png/300px-Permanganate_spectrum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Permanganate_spectrum.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption>Spectre d’absorption d’une solution aqueuse de permanganate de potassium, montrant une <a href="/wiki/Transition_vibronique" title="Transition vibronique">transition vibronique</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Potassium_permanganate_solutions_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Potassium_permanganate_solutions_2.JPG/200px-Potassium_permanganate_solutions_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Potassium_permanganate_solutions_2.JPG/300px-Potassium_permanganate_solutions_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Potassium_permanganate_solutions_2.JPG/400px-Potassium_permanganate_solutions_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>Série de solutions de permanganate de potassium de concentration variable, augmentant vers la droite.</figcaption></figure> <p>Les permanganates (VII) sont des sels de l’<a href="/wiki/Acide_permanganique" title="Acide permanganique">acide permanganique</a>. Ils ont une couleur pourpre foncé, en raison d’une <a href="/wiki/Complexe_de_transfert_de_charge" title="Complexe de transfert de charge">transition de transfert de charge</a> entre les orbitales p du <a href="/wiki/Complexe_oxo" title="Complexe oxo">ligand oxo</a> et les orbitales vides dérivées des orbitales d du manganèse(VII)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le permanganate(VII) est un <a href="/wiki/Oxydant" title="Oxydant">oxydant</a> puissant, similaire au <a href="/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate">perchlorate</a>. Il est donc couramment utilisé dans l’analyse qualitative qui implique des réactions redox (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganom%C3%A9trie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permanganométrie (page inexistante)">permanganométrie</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganometry" class="extiw" title="en:Permanganometry"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Permanganometry »">(en)</span></a>). En théorie, le permanganate est suffisamment fort pour oxyder l’eau, mais cela ne se produit pas en réalité. En plus de cela, il est stable. </p><p>C’est un <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9actif_(chimie)" title="Réactif (chimie)">réactif</a> utile, mais il n’est pas très sélectif avec les composés organiques. Le permanganate de potassium est utilisé comme additif désinfectant et de traitement de l’eau en aquaculture<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les manganates(VII) ne sont pas très stables thermiquement. Par exemple, le <a href="/wiki/Permanganate_de_potassium" title="Permanganate de potassium">permanganate de potassium</a> se décompose à <span title="446 °F ou 503,2 K">230 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> en <a href="/wiki/Manganate_de_potassium" title="Manganate de potassium">manganate de potassium</a> et en <a href="/wiki/Dioxyde_de_mangan%C3%A8se" title="Dioxyde de manganèse">dioxyde de manganèse</a>, libérant de l'oxygène gazeux : </p><p>2 KMnO<sub>4</sub> → K<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> + MnO<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> </p><p>Un permanganate peut oxyder une <a href="/wiki/Amine_(chimie)" title="Amine (chimie)">amine</a> en un <a href="/wiki/Nitro_(chimie)" title="Nitro (chimie)">composé nitro</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, un <a href="/wiki/Alcool_(chimie)" title="Alcool (chimie)">alcool</a> en une <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9tone" title="Cétone">cétone</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, un <a href="/wiki/Ald%C3%A9hyde" title="Aldéhyde">aldéhyde</a> en <a href="/wiki/Acide_carboxylique" title="Acide carboxylique">acide carboxylique</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, un <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A8ne" title="Alcène">alcène</a> terminal en un acide carboxylique<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, l’<a href="/wiki/Acide_oxalique" title="Acide oxalique">acide oxalique</a> en dioxyde de carbone<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et un <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A8ne" title="Alcène">alcène</a> en <a href="/wiki/Diol" title="Diol">diol</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette liste n’est pas exhaustive. </p><p>Dans l'oxydation des alcènes, un intermédiaire de réaction est une espèce cyclique de Mn(V)<sup id="cite_ref-Mandelate_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mandelate-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:PermanganateMechanismOxidation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PermanganateMechanismOxidation.svg/400px-PermanganateMechanismOxidation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PermanganateMechanismOxidation.svg/600px-PermanganateMechanismOxidation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PermanganateMechanismOxidation.svg/800px-PermanganateMechanismOxidation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="201" /></a><figcaption>Mécanisme d'oxydation du permanganate.</figcaption></figure> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propriétés_oxydantes"><span id="Propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s_oxydantes"></span>Propriétés oxydantes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Propriétés oxydantes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Propriétés oxydantes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-modere"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><figure class="mw-halign-center noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/25px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/38px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/50px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><b>Cette section <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></b><small> (décembre 2024)</small>. <div class="mw-collapsible-content">Pour l'améliorer, ajoutez <a href="/wiki/Aide:Identifier_des_sources_fiables" title="Aide:Identifier des sources fiables">des références de qualité et vérifiables</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_(%C3%89diteur_visuel)" title="Aide:Insérer une référence (Éditeur visuel)">comment faire ?</a>) ou le modèle <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Modèle:Référence nécessaire">{{Référence nécessaire}}</a> sur les passages nécessitant une source.</div></div> </div></div> <p>Ses propriétés désinfectantes résultent du fait que le <a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse">manganèse</a> y est à son <a href="/wiki/Nombre_d%27oxydation" title="Nombre d'oxydation">degré d'oxydation</a> le plus élevé (+VII). Comme l'<a href="/wiki/Eau_de_Javel" title="Eau de Javel">hypochlorite</a>, l'ion permanganate est donc un puissant <a href="/wiki/Oxydant" title="Oxydant">oxydant</a> : </p> <ul><li>(1) MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>(aq) + 4 H<sup>+</sup> + 3 e<sup>−</sup> ↔ MnO<sub>2</sub>(s) + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O : E<sup>o</sup> = 1,69 V</li></ul> <ul><li>(2) MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>(aq) + 8 H<sup>+</sup> + 5 e<sup>−</sup> ↔ Mn<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 4 H<sub>2</sub>O : E<sup>o</sup> = 1,5999 V</li></ul> <p>En présence de <a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re_organique" title="Matière organique">matière organique</a> ou de réducteurs, il existe donc un <b>risque d'<a href="/wiki/Explosion" title="Explosion">explosion</a></b>, que le permanganate soit à l'état solide ou en solution. </p><p>Le permanganate est très utilisé lors des dosages, car ses propriétés oxydantes lui permettent d'oxyder nombre d'espèces chimiques. Toutefois, afin d'assurer la précision de ceux-ci, il est bon de savoir que certaines <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9action_parasite" title="Réaction parasite">réactions « parasites »</a> peuvent intervenir ; en particulier, le permanganate en <a href="/wiki/Solution_aqueuse" title="Solution aqueuse">solution aqueuse</a> oxyde l'eau en <a href="/wiki/Dioxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dioxygène">dioxygène</a>. Bien que cette réaction soit très lente, elle peut changer le <a href="/wiki/Concentration_molaire" title="Concentration molaire">titre</a> de la solution. </p><p>De plus, on place toujours le permanganate dans la burette (et non dans le bécher) car le produit de la réaction (2), à savoir Mn<sup>2+</sup>, peut réagir avec le permanganate non réduit selon : </p> <ul><li>2MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>(aq) + 3 Mn<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O ↔ 5 MnO<sub>2</sub>(s) + 4 H<sup>+</sup></li></ul> <p>Cette réaction est à l'origine du <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cipit%C3%A9" title="Précipité">précipité</a> brunâtre observé dans les <a href="/wiki/Solution_(chimie)" title="Solution (chimie)">solutions</a> de permanganate « âgées » ou si l'on mêle un peu de réducteur à une solution de permanganate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autres_utilisations">Autres utilisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Autres utilisations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Autres utilisations"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le permanganate de potassium est utilisé comme <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sinfection" title="Désinfection">désinfectant</a> pour l'<a href="/wiki/Ecz%C3%A9ma_(syndrome)" title="Eczéma (syndrome)">eczéma</a> suintant, dilué à 1/10000. Il convient de le tamponner et de l'utiliser pour le nettoyage minimum <span class="nowrap">3 fois</span>/jour. Au contact de la plaie, il devient terne et perd sa couleur mauve, signe qu'il a réagi. Il assèche les lésions et diminue les démangeaisons<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[<abbr class="abbr" title="référence">réf.</abbr> souhaitée]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="CottonWilkinsonMurilloBochmann1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="F._Albert_CottonGeoffrey_WilkinsonCarlos_A._MurilloManfred_Bochmann1999"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> F. Albert <span class="nom_auteur">Cotton</span>, Geoffrey <span class="nom_auteur">Wilkinson</span>, Carlos A. Murillo et Manfred Bochmann, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Advanced Inorganic Chemistry</cite>, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., <time>1999</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0471199571" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0471199571"><span class="nowrap">978-0471199571</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 770<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=F.+Albert&rft.au=Wilkinson%2C+Geoffrey&rft.date=1999&rft.pages=770&rft.isbn=978-0471199571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MiesslerFischerTarr2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gary_L._MiesslerPaul_J._FischerDonald_A._Tarr2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Gary L. <span class="nom_auteur">Miessler</span>, Paul J. <span class="nom_auteur">Fischer</span> et Donald A. <span class="nom_auteur">Tarr</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Inorganic Chemistry</cite>, Pearson, <time>2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0321811059" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0321811059"><span class="nowrap">978-0321811059</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 430<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.aulast=Miessler&rft.aufirst=Gary+L.&rft.au=Fischer%2C+Paul+J.&rft.au=Tarr%2C+Donald+A.&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=430&rft.isbn=978-0321811059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Syndel"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Syndel</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syndel.com/product/potassium-permanganate/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Potassium Permanganate Sodium Disinfectant</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Calder,_A._R._Forrester1,_and_S._P._Hepburn1972"><span class="ouvrage" id="A._Calder,_A._R._Forrester1,_and_S._P._Hepburn1972">A. Calder, A. R. Forrester1, and S. P. Hepburn, <cite class="italique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=CV6P0803">2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane and its dimer</a></cite>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Org. Synth.</a> <b>6</b>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « vol. 52 », <time>1972</time>, 803 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 77<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane+and+its+dimer&rft.pub=Org.+Synth.&rft.au=A.+Calder%2C+A.+R.+Forrester1%2C+and+S.+P.+Hepburn&rft.date=1972&rft.pages=77&rft.tpages=803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Kornblum_and_Willard_J._Jones1963"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nathan_Kornblum_and_Willard_J._Jones1963">Nathan Kornblum and Willard J. Jones, <cite class="italique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=CV5P0845">4-nitro-2,2,4-trimethylpentane</a></cite>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Org. Synth.</a> <b>5</b>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « vol. 43 », <time>1963</time>, 845 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 87<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=4-nitro-2%2C2%2C4-trimethylpentane&rft.pub=Org.+Synth.&rft.au=Nathan+Kornblum+and+Willard+J.+Jones&rft.date=1963&rft.pages=87&rft.tpages=845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Cornforth1951"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._W._Cornforth1951">J. W. Cornforth, <cite class="italique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=CV4P0467">Ethyl pyruvate</a></cite>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Org. Synth.</a> <b>4</b>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « vol. 31 », <time>1951</time>, 467 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 59<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethyl+pyruvate&rft.pub=Org.+Synth.&rft.aulast=Cornforth&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rft.date=1951&rft.pages=59&rft.tpages=467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Shriner_and_E._C._Kleiderer1930"><span class="ouvrage" id="R._L._Shriner_and_E._C._Kleiderer1930">R. L. Shriner and E. C. Kleiderer, <cite class="italique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=CV2P0538">Piperonylic acid</a></cite>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Org. Synth.</a> <b>2</b>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « vol. 10 », <time>1930</time>, 538 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 82<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Piperonylic+acid&rft.pub=Org.+Synth.&rft.aulast=Shriner+and+E.+C.+Kleiderer&rft.aufirst=R.+L.&rft.date=1930&rft.pages=82&rft.tpages=538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Ruhoff1936"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_R._Ruhoff1936">John R. Ruhoff, <cite class="italique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=CV2P0315">n-heptanoic acid</a></cite>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Org. Synth.</a> <b>2</b>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « vol. 16 », <time>1936</time>, 315 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 39<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=n-heptanoic+acid&rft.pub=Org.+Synth.&rft.aulast=Ruhoff&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft.date=1936&rft.pages=39&rft.tpages=315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Lee,_Shannon_E._Lamb,_and_Victor_S._Chang1981"><span class="ouvrage" id="Donald_G._Lee,_Shannon_E._Lamb,_and_Victor_S._Chang1981">Donald G. Lee, Shannon E. Lamb, and Victor S. Chang, <cite class="italique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=CV7P0397">Carboxylic acids from the oxidation of terminal alkenes by permanganate: nonadecanoic acid</a></cite>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Org. Synth.</a> <b>7</b>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « vol. 60 », <time>1981</time>, 397 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 11<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carboxylic+acids+from+the+oxidation+of+terminal+alkenes+by+permanganate%3A+nonadecanoic+acid&rft.pub=Org.+Synth.&rft.aulast=Lee%2C+Shannon+E.+Lamb%2C+and+Victor+S.+Chang&rft.aufirst=Donald+G.&rft.date=1981&rft.pages=11&rft.tpages=397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kovacs KA, Grof P, Burai L, Riedel M, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Revising the Mechanism of the Permanganate/Oxalate Reaction</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">J. Phys. Chem. A</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 108, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 50,‎ <time>2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 11026 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp047061u">10.1021/jp047061u</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JPCA..10811026K">2004JPCA..10811026K</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Revising+the+Mechanism+of+the+Permanganate%2FOxalate+Reaction&rft.jtitle=J.+Phys.+Chem.+A&rft.issue=50&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=108&rft.pages=11026&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjp047061u&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Witzemann,_Wm._Lloyd_Evans,_Henry_Hass,_and_E._F._Schroeder1931"><span class="ouvrage" id="E._J._Witzemann,_Wm._Lloyd_Evans,_Henry_Hass,_and_E._F._Schroeder1931">E. J. Witzemann, Wm. Lloyd Evans, Henry Hass, and E. F. Schroeder, <cite class="italique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=CV2P0307">dl-glyceraldehyde ethyl acetal</a></cite>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Org. Synth.</a> <b>2</b>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « vol. 11 », <time>1931</time>, 307 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 52<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=dl-glyceraldehyde+ethyl+acetal&rft.pub=Org.+Synth.&rft.aulast=Witzemann%2C+Wm.+Lloyd+Evans%2C+Henry+Hass%2C+and+E.+F.+Schroeder&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rft.date=1931&rft.pages=52&rft.tpages=307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mandelate-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mandelate_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="LeeChen1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Donald_G._LeeTao_Chen1993"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Donald G. <span class="nom_auteur">Lee</span> et Tao <span class="nom_auteur">Chen</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Reduction of manganate(VI) by mandelic acid and its significance for development of a general mechanism of oxidation of organic compounds by high-valent transition metal oxides</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">J. Am. Chem. Soc.</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 115, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 24,‎ <time>1993</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">11231–36</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00077a023">10.1021/ja00077a023</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+manganate%28VI%29+by+mandelic+acid+and+its+significance+for+development+of+a+general+mechanism+of+oxidation+of+organic+compounds+by+high-valent+transition+metal+oxides&rft.jtitle=J.+Am.+Chem.+Soc.&rft.issue=24&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Donald+G.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Tao&rft.date=1993&rft.volume=115&rft.pages=11231%E2%80%9336&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja00077a023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APermanganate"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanganate&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite" style="text-align:left;"> <div style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/45px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/68px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/90px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:60px;">Une <a href="/wiki/Aide:Cat%C3%A9gorie" title="Aide:Catégorie">catégorie</a> est consacrée à ce sujet : <i><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Permanganate" title="Catégorie:Permanganate">Permanganate</a></i>.</div> <div style="clear:left;"></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxoacide" title="Oxoacide">Oxoacide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypomanganate" title="Hypomanganate">Hypomanganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganate" title="Manganate">Manganate</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Permanganates?uselang=fr">Permanganate</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div><ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Chimie" title="Portail de la chimie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/36px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/48px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Chimie" title="Portail:Chimie">Portail de la chimie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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