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Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opkwark" title="Opkwark – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Opkwark" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="كوارك علوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوارك علوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_enriba" title="Quark enriba – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Quark enriba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="আপ কোয়ার্ক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আপ কোয়ার্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="U-кварк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="U-кварк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Горен кварк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Горен кварк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_u" title="Quark u – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quark u" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_u" title="Kvark u – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvark u" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up-kvark" title="Up-kvark – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Up-kvark" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up-Quark" title="Up-Quark – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Up-Quark" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-kvark" title="U-kvark – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="U-kvark" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark" title="Up quark – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Up quark" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuark_arriba" title="Cuark arriba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuark arriba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-kvarko" title="U-kvarko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="U-kvarko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorantz_quark" title="Gorantz quark – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gorantz quark" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کوارک بالا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوارک بالا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_up" title="Quark up – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quark up" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uaschuarc" title="Uaschuarc – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uaschuarc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="위 쿼크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위 쿼크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-%D6%84%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF" title="U-քվարկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="U-քվարկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="अप क्वार्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अप क्वार्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornji_kvark" title="Gornji kvark – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gornji kvark" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuark_up" title="Kuark up – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuark up" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_up" title="Quark up – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quark up" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94" title="קווארק למעלה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קווארק למעלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="U-კვარკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="U-კვარკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarcum_sursum" title="Quarcum sursum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quarcum sursum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/U_kvarks" title="U kvarks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="U kvarks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylantysis_kvarkas" title="Kylantysis kvarkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kylantysis kvarkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_kvark" title="Up kvark – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Up kvark" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Горен кварк – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Горен кварк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuark_naik" title="Kuark naik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuark naik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upquark" title="Upquark – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Upquark" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="アップクォーク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アップクォーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppkvark" title="Oppkvark – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oppkvark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppkvark" title="Oppkvark – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oppkvark" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_up" title="Quark up – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quark up" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="اپ کوارک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اپ کوارک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwark_g%C3%B3rny" title="Kwark górny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwark górny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_up" title="Quark up – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quark up" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="U-кварк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="U-кварк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_u" title="Kvark u – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvark u" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_u" title="Kvark u – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvark u" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornji_kvark" title="Gornji kvark – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Gornji kvark" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornji_kvark" title="Gornji kvark – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gornji kvark" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yl%C3%B6skvarkki" title="Ylöskvarkki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ylöskvarkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taas_na_quark" title="Taas na quark – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Taas na quark" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="மேல் குவார்க்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேல் குவார்க்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-kvark" title="U-kvark – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="U-kvark" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukar%C4%B1_kuark" title="Yukarı kuark – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yukarı kuark" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="U-кварк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="U-кварк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_l%C3%AAn" title="Quark lên – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quark lên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbaw_nga_quark" title="Igbaw nga quark – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Igbaw nga quark" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="上夸克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="上夸克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6732#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Up_quark" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proton_quark_structure.svg/450px-Proton_quark_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proton_quark_structure.svg/600px-Proton_quark_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Two up quarks (u) and one <a href="/wiki/Down_quark" title="Down quark">down quark</a> (d) form a <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Up quarks</b> are <a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">subatomic particles</a> that help make up many <a href="/wiki/Composite_particle" title="Composite particle">larger particles</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protons</a>. Up quarks have a <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">charge</a> of +2/3, and are the lightest of the six types of <a href="/wiki/Quarks" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarks">quarks</a>. Up quarks have a <a href="/wiki/Spin_(physics)" title="Spin (physics)">spin</a> of 1/2, which is the spin all <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermions</a> have. They are affected by all four of the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_force" title="Fundamental force">fundamental forces</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Strong_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong force">strong force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Weak_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Weak force">weak force</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a>. Up quarks are <a href="/wiki/Elementary_particle" title="Elementary particle">elementary particles</a>, similar to all other quarks. This means that they are so small that scientists believe that they can not be divided any more. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Protons</a> (which have a total charge of +1) are made of two up quarks (which have a charge of +2/3) and one <a href="/wiki/Down_quark" title="Down quark">down quark</a> (which has a charge of -1/3). Neutrons (which have a total charge of 0) are made of one <b>up quark</b>, and two down quarks. 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title="Strange quark">Strange (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strange_antiquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strange antiquark (not yet started)">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_quark" title="Top quark">Top (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_antiquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top antiquark (not yet started)">antiquark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_quark" title="Bottom quark">Bottom (quark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bottom_antiquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bottom antiquark (not yet started)">antiquark)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">Leptons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positron" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">Bosons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Gauge_boson" title="Gauge boson">Gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">Photon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons" title="W and Z bosons">W and Z bosons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Scalar_boson" title="Scalar boson">Scalar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superpartner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superpartner (not yet started)">Superpartners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaugino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaugino (not yet started)">Gauginos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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started)">Neutralino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sfermion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfermion (not yet started)">Sfermion</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_squark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stop squark (not yet started)">Stop squark</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axion" title="Axion">Axion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curvaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curvaton (not yet started)">Curvaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilaton (not yet started)">Dilaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_graviton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dual graviton (not yet started)">Dual graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graviphoton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graviphoton (not yet started)">Graviphoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inflaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inflaton (not yet started)">Inflaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptoquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptoquark (not yet started)">Leptoquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_monopole" title="Magnetic monopole">Magnetic monopole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majoron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majoron (not yet started)">Majoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorana_fermion" title="Majorana fermion">Majorana fermion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_photon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dark photon (not yet started)">Dark photon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preon (not yet started)">Preon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterile_neutrino" title="Sterile neutrino">Sterile neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyon" title="Tachyon">Tachyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W′ and Z′ bosons (not yet started)">W′ and Z′ bosons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X_and_Y_bosons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X and Y bosons (not yet started)">X and Y bosons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bound_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bound state (not yet started)">Composite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hadrons" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">Hadrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">Nucleon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">Antiproton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antineutron" title="Antineutron">Antineutron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta baryon (not yet started)">Delta baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambda_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambda baryon (not yet started)">Lambda baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigma_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigma baryon (not yet started)">Sigma baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi baryon (not yet started)">Xi baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega baryon (not yet started)">Omega baryon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">Mesons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">Pion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rho meson (not yet started)">Rho meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eta meson (not yet started)">Eta and eta prime mesons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bottom_eta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bottom eta meson (not yet started)">Bottom eta meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phi_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phi meson (not yet started)">Phi meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J/psi_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J/psi meson (not yet started)">J/psi meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega meson (not yet started)">Omega meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upsilon_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upsilon meson (not yet started)">Upsilon meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">Kaon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B meson (not yet started)">B meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D meson (not yet started)">D meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarkonium" title="Quarkonium">Quarkonium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exotic_hadron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exotic hadron (not yet started)">Exotic hadrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraquark (not yet started)">Tetraquark</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Double-charm_tetraquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Double-charm tetraquark (not yet started)">Double-charm tetraquark</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentaquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentaquark (not yet started)">Pentaquark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">Atomic nuclei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_atom" title="Exotic atom">Exotic atoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Positronium" title="Positronium">Positronium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muonium (not yet started)">Muonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tauonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tauonium (not yet started)">Tauonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onium (not yet started)">Onia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pionium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pionium (not yet started)">Pionium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protonium (not yet started)">Protonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superatom" title="Superatom">Superatoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">Molecules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Hypothetical_composite_particles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Hypothetical composite particles (not yet started)">Hypothetical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Baryons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexaquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexaquark (not yet started)">Hexaquark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heptaquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptaquark (not yet started)">Heptaquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrmion" title="Skyrmion">Skyrmion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Mesons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glueball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glueball (not yet started)">Glueball</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theta meson (not yet started)">Theta meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T meson (not yet started)">T meson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesonic_molecule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesonic molecule (not yet started)">Mesonic molecule</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomeron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomeron (not yet started)">Pomeron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diquark (not yet started)">Diquark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R-hadron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-hadron (not yet started)">R-hadron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quasiparticle" title="Quasiparticle">Quasiparticles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anyon (not yet started)">Anyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Davydov_soliton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davydov soliton (not yet started)">Davydov soliton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dropleton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dropleton (not yet started)">Dropleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exciton" title="Exciton">Exciton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fracton_(subdimensional_particle)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fracton (subdimensional particle) (not yet started)">Fracton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_hole" title="Electron hole">Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnon" title="Magnon">Magnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon">Phonon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmaron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmaron (not yet started)">Plasmaron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmon (not yet started)">Plasmon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polariton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polariton (not yet started)">Polariton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaron (not yet started)">Polaron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roton (not yet started)">Roton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trion_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trion (physics) (not yet started)">Trion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_baryons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of baryons (not yet started)">Baryons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_mesons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of mesons (not yet started)">Mesons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_particles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of particles (not yet started)">Particles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_quasiparticles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of quasiparticles (not yet started)">Quasiparticles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_particle_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of particle discoveries (not yet started)">Timeline of particle discoveries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_subatomic_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of subatomic physics (not yet started)">History of subatomic physics</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_atomic_and_subatomic_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics (not yet started)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Model" title="Standard Model">Standard Model</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model (not yet started)">mathematical formulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">Subatomic particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle" title="Particle">Particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle">Antiparticles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">Nuclear physics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eightfold_way_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eightfold way (physics) (not yet started)">Eightfold way</a> <ul><li><a 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