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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Anatomical structure</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Infundibulum_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Infundibulum (disambiguation)">Infundibulum (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Pituitary stalk</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pituitary_Stalk.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pituitary_Stalk.png/140px-Pituitary_Stalk.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pituitary_Stalk.png/210px-Pituitary_Stalk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pituitary_Stalk.png/280px-Pituitary_Stalk.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="257" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The pituitary stalk is the thin vertical blue portion.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gehirn,_basal_-_beschriftet_lat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Gehirn%2C_basal_-_beschriftet_lat.svg/140px-Gehirn%2C_basal_-_beschriftet_lat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Gehirn%2C_basal_-_beschriftet_lat.svg/210px-Gehirn%2C_basal_-_beschriftet_lat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Gehirn%2C_basal_-_beschriftet_lat.svg/280px-Gehirn%2C_basal_-_beschriftet_lat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="672" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Basal view of a human brain (Infundibulum labeled third from the top on right)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>truncus infundibularis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroNames" title="NeuroNames">NeuroNames</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=408">408</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroLex" title="NeuroLex">NeuroLex</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/birnlex_1248">birnlex_1248</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/11.1.00.007%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A11.1.00.007</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=3860">3860</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma74635">74635</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3350662" class="extiw" title="d:Q3350662">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>pituitary stalk</b>, also known as the <b>infundibular stalk</b>, <b>infundibulum</b>, or <b>Fenderson's funnel</b>, is the connection between the <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_pituitary" title="Posterior pituitary">posterior pituitary</a>, the posterior lobe of the <a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">pituitary gland</a>. The floor of the <a href="/wiki/Third_ventricle" title="Third ventricle">third ventricle</a> is prolonged downward as a funnel-shaped recess—the <b>infundibular recess</b>—into the infundibulum, where the apex of the pituitary is attached.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marieb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marieb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It passes through the <a href="/wiki/Dura_mater" title="Dura mater">dura mater</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diaphragma_sellae" title="Diaphragma sellae">diaphragma sellae</a> as it carries <a href="/wiki/Axon" title="Axon">axons</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cell" title="Magnocellular neurosecretory cell">magnocellular neurosecretory cells</a> of the hypothalamus down to the posterior pituitary where they release their <a href="/wiki/Neurohypophysial_hormone" title="Neurohypophysial hormone">neurohypophysial hormones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">oxytocin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vasopressin" title="Vasopressin">vasopressin</a>, into the <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a>. </p><p>Damage to the pituitary stalk blocks the release of <a href="/wiki/Vasopressin" title="Vasopressin">antidiuretic hormone</a>, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Polydipsia" title="Polydipsia">polydipsia</a> (excessive water intake) and <a href="/wiki/Polyuria" title="Polyuria">polyuria</a> (excessive urination, <a href="/wiki/Central_diabetes_insipidus" title="Central diabetes insipidus">central diabetes insipidus</a>). </p><p>The diameter of the pituitary stalk at the level of optic chiasm is 3.3 mm, and at the pituitary gland insertion site is measured at 1.9 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1632360_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1632360-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pituitary_stalk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_stalk_interruption_syndrome" title="Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome">Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pituitary_stalk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1180.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sagittal section of the pituitary gland, showing the infundibulum"><img alt="Sagittal section of the pituitary gland, showing the infundibulum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray1180.png/120px-Gray1180.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray1180.png/180px-Gray1180.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray1180.png/240px-Gray1180.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sagittal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sagittal">Sagittal</a> section of the pituitary gland, showing the infundibulum</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pituitary_stalk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Grey's Anatomy</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marieb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marieb_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarieb2014" class="citation book cs1">Marieb, Elaine (2014). <i>Anatomy & physiology</i>. Glenview, IL: Pearson Education, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321861580" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321861580"><bdi>978-0321861580</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+%26+physiology&rft.place=Glenview%2C+IL&rft.pub=Pearson+Education%2C+Inc&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0321861580&rft.aulast=Marieb&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APituitary+stalk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid1632360-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid1632360_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimmonsSuchnickiRakDamiano1992" class="citation journal cs1">Simmons GE, Suchnicki JE, Rak KM, Damiano TR (August 1992). "MR imaging of the pituitary stalk: size, shape, and enhancement pattern". <i>AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology</i>. <b>159</b> (2): 375–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2214%2Fajr.159.2.1632360">10.2214/ajr.159.2.1632360</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1632360">1632360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AJR.+American+Journal+of+Roentgenology&rft.atitle=MR+imaging+of+the+pituitary+stalk%3A+size%2C+shape%2C+and+enhancement+pattern&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=375-7&rft.date=1992-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2214%2Fajr.159.2.1632360&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1632360&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.au=Suchnicki%2C+JE&rft.au=Rak%2C+KM&rft.au=Damiano%2C+TR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APituitary+stalk" 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Diencephalon" title="Template:Diencephalon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Diencephalon" title="Template talk:Diencephalon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Diencephalon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Diencephalon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_diencephalon_of_the_human_brain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Diencephalon" title="Diencephalon">diencephalon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">human brain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epithalamus" title="Epithalamus">Epithalamus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pineal_gland" title="Pineal gland">Pineal gland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habenula" title="Habenula">Habenula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habenular_trigone" title="Habenular trigone">Habenular trigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habenular_commissure" title="Habenular commissure">Habenular commissure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">Grey matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pretectal_area" title="Pretectal area">Pretectal area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habenular_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Habenular nuclei">Habenular nuclei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcommissural_organ" title="Subcommissural organ">Subcommissural organ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">Thalamus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stria_medullaris" title="Stria medullaris">Stria medullaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalamic_reticular_nucleus" title="Thalamic reticular nucleus">Thalamic reticular nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taenia_thalami" title="Taenia thalami">Taenia thalami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">Grey matter</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_thalamic_nuclei" title="List of thalamic nuclei">nuclei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>paired:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anterior_nuclei_of_thalamus" title="Anterior nuclei of thalamus">AN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventral_nuclear_group" title="Ventral nuclear group">Ventral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ventral_anterior_nucleus" title="Ventral anterior nucleus">VA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ventral_lateral_nucleus" title="Ventral lateral nucleus">VL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventral_posterior_nucleus" title="Ventral posterior nucleus">VP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ventral_posteromedial_nucleus" title="Ventral posteromedial nucleus">VPM</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ventral_posterolateral_nucleus" title="Ventral posterolateral nucleus">VPL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_nuclear_group" title="Lateral nuclear group">Lateral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_dorsal_nucleus_of_thalamus" title="Lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus">LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_posterior_nucleus_of_thalamus" title="Lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus">LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulvinar_nuclei" title="Pulvinar nuclei">Pulvinar nuclei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metathalamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Metathalamus">Metathalamus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medial_geniculate_nucleus" title="Medial geniculate nucleus">MG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_geniculate_nucleus" title="Lateral geniculate nucleus">LG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parvocellular_cell" title="Parvocellular cell">P cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnocellular_cell" title="Magnocellular cell">M cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koniocellular_cell" title="Koniocellular cell">K cell</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>midline:</i> <a href="/wiki/Medial_dorsal_nucleus" title="Medial dorsal nucleus">MD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intralaminar_nuclei_of_thalamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus">Intralaminar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centromedian_nucleus" title="Centromedian nucleus">Centromedian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midline_nuclear_group" title="Midline nuclear group">Midline nuclear group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interthalamic_adhesion" title="Interthalamic adhesion">Interthalamic adhesion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_matter" title="White matter">White matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mammillothalamic_tract" title="Mammillothalamic tract">Mammillothalamic tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallidothalamic_tracts" title="Pallidothalamic tracts">Pallidothalamic tracts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansa_lenticularis" title="Ansa lenticularis">Ansa lenticularis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenticular_fasciculus" title="Lenticular fasciculus">Lenticular fasciculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalamic_fasciculus" title="Thalamic fasciculus">Thalamic fasciculus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway">DCML</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medial_lemniscus" title="Medial lemniscus">Medial lemniscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_lemniscus" title="Trigeminal lemniscus">Trigeminal lemniscus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract" title="Spinothalamic tract">Spinothalamic tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_lemniscus" title="Lateral lemniscus">Lateral lemniscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentatothalamic_tract" title="Dentatothalamic tract">Dentatothalamic tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_radiation" title="Acoustic radiation">Acoustic radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optic_radiation" title="Optic radiation">Optic radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subthalamic_fasciculus" title="Subthalamic fasciculus">Subthalamic fasciculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventral_trigeminal_tract" title="Ventral trigeminal tract">Ventral trigeminal tract</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medullary_laminae_of_thalamus" title="Medullary laminae of thalamus">Medullary laminae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">Hypothalamus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Median_eminence" title="Median eminence">Median eminence</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tuber_cinereum" title="Tuber cinereum">Tuber cinereum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammillary_body" title="Mammillary body">Mammillary body</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Infundibulum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">Grey matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">Autonomic</a> zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleus" title="Anterior hypothalamic nucleus">Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_nucleus_of_hypothalamus" title="Posterior nucleus of hypothalamus">Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">Endocrine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Posterior_pituitary" title="Posterior pituitary">posterior pituitary</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus" title="Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus">Paraventricular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cell" title="Magnocellular neurosecretory cell">Magnocellular neurosecretory cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cell" title="Parvocellular neurosecretory cell">Parvocellular neurosecretory cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supraoptic_nucleus" title="Supraoptic nucleus">Supraoptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">oxytocin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vasopressin" title="Vasopressin">vasopressin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>other:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arcuate_nucleus_(hypothalamus)" title="Arcuate nucleus (hypothalamus)">Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preoptic_area" title="Preoptic area">Preoptic (GnRH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleus" title="Suprachiasmatic nucleus">Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">Emotion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_hypothalamus" title="Lateral hypothalamus">Lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventromedial nucleus">Ventromedial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsomedial_hypothalamic_nucleus" title="Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus">Dorsomedial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_matter" title="White matter">White matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>afferent</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stria_terminalis" title="Stria terminalis">Stria terminalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_forebrain_bundle" title="Medial forebrain bundle">Medial forebrain bundle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinohypothalamic_tract" title="Retinohypothalamic tract">Retinohypothalamic tract</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>efferent</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mammillothalamic_tract" title="Mammillothalamic tract">Mammillothalamic tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus" title="Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus">Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">Pituitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_pituitary" title="Posterior pituitary">Posterior</a> is diencephalon, but <a href="/wiki/Anterior_pituitary" title="Anterior pituitary">anterior</a> is glandular</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subthalamus" title="Subthalamus">Subthalamus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subthalamic_nucleus" title="Subthalamic nucleus">Subthalamic nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_incerta" title="Zona incerta">Zona incerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclei_campi_perizonalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclei campi perizonalis">Nuclei campi perizonalis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fields_of_Forel" title="Fields of Forel">Fields of Forel</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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