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Années 850 — Wikipédia
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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 77 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_850" title="Anyos 850 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 850" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_850" title="عقد 850 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 850" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_850" title="عوام 850 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 850" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_850" title="عقد 850 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 850" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_850" title="Década del 850 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 850" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-an" title="850-an – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="850-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D1%8F" title="850-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="850-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="৮৫০-এর দশক – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৮৫০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_850" title="Bloavezhioù 850 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 850" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-e" title="850-e – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="850-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_850" title="Dècada del 850 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 850" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="850 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="850 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="850-мĕш çулсем – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="850-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/850au" title="850au – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="850au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%27erne" title="850'erne – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="850'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/850er" title="850er – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="850er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_850" title="An 850 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 850" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/850s" title="850s – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="850s" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_850" title="Años 850 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 850" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/850._aastad" title="850. aastad – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="850. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/850eko_hamarkada" title="850eko hamarkada – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="850eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۸۵۰ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۸۵۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-luku" title="850-luku – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="850-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%C3%A1rini" title="850-árini – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="850-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/850id%C3%AD" title="850idí – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="850idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="850年代 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="850年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/850an" title="850an – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="850an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_850" title="Década de 850 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 850" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-50_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-9" title="שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-9 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-9" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-es_%C3%A9vek" title="850-es évek – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="850-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-an" title="850-an – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="850-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/851%E2%80%93860" title="851–860 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="851–860" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_850" title="Anni 850 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 850" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="850年代 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="850年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-an" title="850-an – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="850-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="850-იანები – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="850-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="850년대 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="850년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="850-ӧд вояс – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="850-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_850" title="Anni 850 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 850" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="850 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="850 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="850-ти – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="850-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे ८५० चे दशक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे ८५० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-an" title="850-an – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="850-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="850 це иеть – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="850 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_xihuitl" title="850 xihuitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="850 xihuitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-859" title="850-859 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="850-859" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%C3%A5rene" title="850-årene – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="850-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_850" title="Annaées 850 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 850" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/850s" title="850s – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="850s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_850" title="Década de 850 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 850" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_watakuna" title="850 watakuna – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="850 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_850" title="Anii 850 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 850" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="850-е годы – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="850-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/850ini" title="850ini – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="850ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-e" title="850-e – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="850-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/850s" title="850s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="850s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/50._roky_9._storo%C4%8Dia" title="50. roky 9. storočia – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="50. roky 9. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/850." title="850. – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="850." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_850" title="Vitet 850 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 850" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D0%B5" title="850-е – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="850-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-an" title="850-an – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="850-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-talet" title="850-talet – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="850-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_850" title="Miaka ya 850 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 850" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_850_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 850 (мелодӣ) – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 850 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="850ýý – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="850ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="850-еллар – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="850-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%D1%82%D1%96" title="850-ті – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="850-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="850ء کی دہائی – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="850ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-lar" title="850-lar – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="850-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_850" title="Thập niên 850 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 850" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_850" title="Anêyes 850 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 850" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_nga_dekada" title="850 nga dekada – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="850 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="850年代 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="850年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/850-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="850-იანეფი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="850-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="850年代 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="850年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/850_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="850 nî-tāi – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="850 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="850年代 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="850年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q272704#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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<div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/850" title="850">850</a> <a href="/wiki/851" title="851">851</a> <a href="/wiki/852" title="852">852</a> <a href="/wiki/853" title="853">853</a> <a href="/wiki/854" title="854">854</a><br /><a href="/wiki/855" title="855">855</a> <a href="/wiki/856" title="856">856</a> <a href="/wiki/857" title="857">857</a> <a href="/wiki/858" title="858">858</a> <a href="/wiki/859" title="859">859</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_820" title="Années 820">820</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_830" title="Années 830">830</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_840" title="Années 840">840</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">850</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_860" title="Années 860">860</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_870" title="Années 870">870</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_880" title="Années 880">880</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/VIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="VIIe siècle">VII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/VIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="VIIIe siècle">VIII<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="IXe siècle">IX<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Xe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Xe siècle">X<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIe siècle">XI<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="IIe millénaire av. J.-C.">-II<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_850&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>Les <b>années 850</b> couvrent la période de 850 à 859. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Évènements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A8nements"></span>Évènements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_850&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Évènements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_850&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Évènements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>848-860</b> : <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9destination#L'Église_latine" title="Prédestination">querelle sur la prédestination</a> soulevée par <a href="/wiki/Gottschalk_d%27Orbais" title="Gottschalk d'Orbais">Gottschalk d'Orbais</a>, qui est condamné en 848 et 850 par <a href="/wiki/Hincmar_de_Reims" title="Hincmar de Reims">Hincmar de Reims</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, puis à <a href="/wiki/Quierzy" title="Quierzy">Quierzy</a> en 853<sup id="cite_ref-Lot_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lot-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Vikings-Voyages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Vikings-Voyages.png/220px-Vikings-Voyages.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Vikings-Voyages.png/330px-Vikings-Voyages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Vikings-Voyages.png/440px-Vikings-Voyages.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>Les voyages et les territoires dominés par les <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Vikings</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>850-<a href="/wiki/900" title="900">900</a></b> : deuxième phase de l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%82ge_des_Vikings" title="Âge des Vikings">âge des Vikings</a>. Après les premiers tâtonnements, et ayant pris la mesure de la vulnérabilité de leurs adversaires, les Vikings organisent leurs expéditions dans des buts de conquête pure et simple (Danois et Norvégiens), de prise de pouvoir (Suédois), voire d’installation à demeure (<a href="/wiki/Islande" title="Islande">Islande</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans les zones côtières désertées de l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_carolingien" title="Empire carolingien">empire carolingien</a>, les Vikings finissent par s’installer à demeure afin de pousser leurs raids plus loin dans les terres. Ils créent leurs premiers établissements permanents à l’embouchure de l’<a href="/wiki/Escaut" title="Escaut">Escaut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walcheren" title="Walcheren">Walcheren</a>), de la <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Noirmoutier" title="Île de Noirmoutier">Noirmoutier</a>) et de la <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jeufosse" title="Jeufosse">Jeufosse</a>), qui leur permettent de rester plusieurs années en campagne, attaquant les villes fortifiés. Ils n’épargnent aucune province. En 859 <a href="/wiki/Hasteinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasteinn">Hasteinn</a> et <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Ier" title="Björn Ier">Björn <i>Côte de fer</i></a> lancent le premier raid en <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Méditerranée">Méditerranée</a>. Ils attaquent l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89mirat_de_Cordoue" title="Émirat de Cordoue">émirat de Cordoue</a> et les côtes du Maroc, puis remontent le <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>. En <a href="/wiki/Italie" title="Italie">Italie</a>, ils pillent le port de Luni (<a href="/wiki/859" title="859">859</a>-<a href="/wiki/860" title="860">860</a>).</li></ul> <ul><li><b>850-859</b> : crise de fanatisme religieux en <a href="/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne">Espagne</a>. <a href="/wiki/Martyrs_de_Cordoue" title="Martyrs de Cordoue">Martyre</a> volontaire de 48 <a href="/wiki/Mozarabes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozarabes">mozarabes</a> à <a href="/wiki/Cordoue" title="Cordoue">Cordoue</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Vers 850</b> : <ul><li>les Dia Ogo, dynastie <a href="/wiki/Peul" title="Peul">peul</a> qui serait venus du <a href="/wiki/Hodh_El_Chargui" title="Hodh El Chargui">Hodh</a> en traversant le <a href="/wiki/Tagant" title="Tagant">Tagant</a>, fondent le royaume de <a href="/wiki/Tekrour" title="Tekrour">Tekrour</a> au <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal" title="Sénégal">Sénégal</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>en <a href="/wiki/%C3%89thiopie" title="Éthiopie">Éthiopie</a>, la tradition attribue au roi légendaire <a href="/wiki/Del_Na%27od" title="Del Na'od">Del-Naod</a> la construction du monastère de Saint-Étienne sur une île du <a href="/wiki/Lac_Ha%C3%AFk" title="Lac Haïk">lac Haïk</a>, dans l’<a href="/wiki/Amhara_(r%C3%A9gion)" title="Amhara (région)">Amhara</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il le dote richement et le peuple de trois cents ecclésiastiques venus d’<a href="/wiki/Aksoum" title="Aksoum">Aksoum</a>. Lui-même bâtit son palais à proximité. Des constructions archaïques, sobrement sculptées, ont été découvertes.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Vers 850-860</b> : des souverains qui prétendent descendre du roi <a href="/wiki/Sanjaya" title="Sanjaya">Sanjaya</a> (règne estimé <a href="/wiki/732" title="732">732</a>-<a href="/wiki/778" title="778">778</a>) dans le centre de <a href="/wiki/Java_(%C3%AEle)" title="Java (île)">Java</a> créent un nouveau <a href="/wiki/Ancien_royaume_de_Mataram" title="Ancien royaume de Mataram">royaume de Mataram</a> au détriment des <a href="/wiki/Sailendra" title="Sailendra">Çailendra</a> qui se retirent à Sumatra<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>851-863</b> : <a href="/wiki/Cyrille_et_M%C3%A9thode" title="Cyrille et Méthode">Cyrille</a> tente d’évangéliser les <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a><sup id="cite_ref-Grousset_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grousset-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><b>Vers 852</b> : publication d'un recueil de <a href="/wiki/Fausses_d%C3%A9cr%C3%A9tales" title="Fausses décrétales">fausses décrétales</a> attribuées à Isidore Mercator<sup id="cite_ref-Lot_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lot-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Mentionné dans les <i>Gesta sanctorum rotonensium</i>, Fromond, noble breton, est le premier pénitent pèlerin connu ayant fait le voyage en <a href="/wiki/Terre_sainte" title="Terre sainte">Terre sainte</a> au milieu du <abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. Il sera suivi de bien d’autres, dont le <a href="/wiki/Duc_de_Normandie" class="mw-redirect" title="Duc de Normandie">duc de Normandie</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_le_Diable" title="Robert le Diable">Robert le Diable</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_d%27Anjou" title="Comté d'Anjou">comte d’Anjou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foulque_Nerra" class="mw-redirect" title="Foulque Nerra">Foulque Nerra</a> (<a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnages_significatifs">Personnages significatifs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_850&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Personnages significatifs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_850&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Personnages significatifs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:2;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anschaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Anschaire">Anschaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_le_Chauve" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles le Chauve">Charles le Chauve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrille_et_M%C3%A9thode" title="Cyrille et Méthode">Cyrille et Méthode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erispo%C3%AB" title="Erispoë">Erispoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf_de_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelwulf de Wessex">Æthelwulf de Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Scot_Erig%C3%A8ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Scot Erigène">Jean Scot Erigène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith de France">Judith de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_III_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Michel III (empereur byzantin)">Michel III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_Ier_de_Constantinople" title="Photios Ier de Constantinople">Photios de Constantinople</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_850&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_850&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Erismann2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ch_Erismann2011">Ch Erismann, <cite class="italique">L'homme commun : la genèse du réalisme ontologique durant le haut Moyen âge</cite>, Paris, Vrin, <time>2011</time>, 459 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7116-2331-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7116-2331-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7116-2331-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=t_wazs-yREEC&pg=PA193">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27homme+commun&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Vrin&rft.stitle=la+gen%C3%A8se+du+r%C3%A9alisme+ontologique+durant+le+haut+Moyen+%C3%A2ge&rft.aulast=Erismann&rft.aufirst=Ch&rft.date=2011&rft.tpages=459&rft.isbn=978-2-7116-2331-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+850"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lot-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lot_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Lot_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lot1948"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ferdinand_Lot1948">Ferdinand <span class="nom_auteur">Lot</span>, <cite class="italique">Naissance de la France</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Librairie Arthème Fayard</a>,, <time>1948</time>, 864 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/lot_ferdinand/Naissance_de_la_france/lot_naissance_france.doc">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naissance+de+la+France&rft.pub=Librairie+Arth%C3%A8me+Fayard&rft.aulast=Lot&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&rft.date=1948&rft.tpages=864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+850"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Boyer1989"><span class="ouvrage" id="Régis_Boyer1989"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Boyer" title="Régis Boyer">Régis Boyer</a>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Les Vikings et leur civilisation : les mystères qui subsistent sur ces questions</cite> », <i>Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 133, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3,‎ <time>1989</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">782-803</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/crai_0065-0536_1989_num_133_3_14796">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+Vikings+et+leur+civilisation+%3A+les+myst%C3%A8res+qui+subsistent+sur+ces+questions&rft.jtitle=Comptes-rendus+des+s%C3%A9ances+de+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+des+inscriptions+et+belles-lettres&rft.issue=3&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9gis&rft.date=1989&rft.volume=133&rft.pages=782-803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+850"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Flori2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Flori2001">Jean Flori, <cite class="italique">La Première croisade</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Complexe" title="Éditions Complexe">Éditions Complexe</a>, <time>2001</time>, 287 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87027-867-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87027-867-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87027-867-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=FCp-c_B5NjgC&pg=PA185">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Premi%C3%A8re+croisade&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Complexe&rft.aulast=Flori&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2001&rft.tpages=287&rft.isbn=978-2-87027-867-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+850"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="N'Diaye2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tidiane_N'Diaye2007">Tidiane N'Diaye, <cite class="italique">La longue marche des peuples noirs=</cite>, Éditions Publibook, <time>2007</time>, 293 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7483-0021-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7483-0021-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7483-0021-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=8uxGySk3YaEC&pg=PA289">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+longue+marche+des+peuples+noirs%3D&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Publibook&rft.aulast=N%27Diaye&rft.aufirst=Tidiane&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=293&rft.isbn=978-2-7483-0021-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+850"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Seckou_Sagna2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Séga_Seckou_Sagna2021">Séga Seckou Sagna, <cite class="italique">Colons français et chefs musulmans du Haut et du Bas-Sénégal à l'épreuve du : jihad Fi Sabilil-Lâh</cite>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2021</time>, 300 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-343-22044-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-343-22044-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-343-22044-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=0e4eEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colons+fran%C3%A7ais+et+chefs+musulmans+du+Haut+et+du+Bas-S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9preuve+du&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=jihad+Fi+Sabilil-L%C3%A2h&rft.au=S%C3%A9ga+Seckou+Sagna&rft.date=2021&rft.tpages=300&rft.isbn=978-2-343-22044-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+850"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Doresse1957"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Doresse1957">Jean Doresse, <cite class="italique">L'empire du Prêtre-Jean : L'Éthiopie médiévale</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Plon" title="Plon">Plon</a>, <time>1957</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=UFBLAAAAMAAJ&dq=850&pg=PA5">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27empire+du+Pr%C3%AAtre-Jean&rft.pub=Plon&rft.stitle=L%27%C3%89thiopie+m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vale&rft.aulast=Doresse&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+850"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="AuboyerFrédéric1976"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jeannine_AuboyerLouis_Frédéric1976">Jeannine Auboyer et Louis Frédéric, <cite class="italique">Les arts de l'Asie orientale et de l'Extrême-Orient=</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France" title="Presses universitaires de France">Presses universitaires de France</a>, <time>1976</time>, 144 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7059-0846-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7059-0846-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7059-0846-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=ZW2JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT60">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+arts+de+l%27Asie+orientale+et+de+l%27Extr%C3%AAme-Orient%3D&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.aulast=Auboyer&rft.aufirst=Jeannine&rft.au=Louis+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.date=1976&rft.tpages=144&rft.isbn=978-2-7059-0846-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+850"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grousset-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Grousset_9-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Grousset1965"><span class="ouvrage" id="René_Grousset1965">René Grousset, <cite class="italique"><a href="/wiki/L%E2%80%99Empire_des_steppes" class="mw-redirect" title="L’Empire des steppes">L’Empire des steppes</a>, Attila, Gengis-Khan, Tamerlan</cite>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Payot_(%C3%A9ditions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Payot (éditions)">Payot</a>, <time>1965</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/grousset_rene/empire_des_steppes/grousset_steppes.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%E2%80%99Empire+des+steppes%2C+Attila%2C+Gengis-Khan%2C+Tamerlan&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Payot&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft.date=1965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+850"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1857"><cite class="italique">Revue de Bretagne et de Vendée</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, J. Forest ainé, <time>1857</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=8Y4VAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA73">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revue+de+Bretagne+et+de+Vend%C3%A9e&rft.pub=J.+Forest+ain%C3%A9&rft.date=1857&rft.volume=2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+850"></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Haut_Moyen_%C3%82ge" title="Portail du Haut Moyen Âge"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Armoiries_imaginaires_de_Charlemagne_%281%29.svg/20px-Armoiries_imaginaires_de_Charlemagne_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Armoiries_imaginaires_de_Charlemagne_%281%29.svg/30px-Armoiries_imaginaires_de_Charlemagne_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Armoiries_imaginaires_de_Charlemagne_%281%29.svg/40px-Armoiries_imaginaires_de_Charlemagne_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="922" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Haut_Moyen_%C3%82ge" title="Portail:Haut Moyen Âge">Portail du Haut Moyen Âge</a></span> • <span class="bandeau-sous-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Haut_Moyen_%C3%82ge/Empire_carolingien" title="Portail:Haut Moyen Âge/Empire carolingien">section <b>Empire carolingien</b></a></span></span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐b9b867ddb‐xdsxc Cached time: 20241128095900 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.166 seconds Real time usage: 0.237 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1780/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33158/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4823/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13905/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.069/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4612346/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 202.789 1 -total 41.16% 83.466 1 Modèle:Références 32.87% 66.652 9 Modèle:Ouvrage 25.11% 50.928 1 Modèle:Palette_Années 23.80% 48.254 1 Modèle:Méta_infobox_navigation 22.61% 45.857 1 Modèle:Portail 10.51% 21.316 1 Modèle:Infobox_V3/Début 9.70% 19.674 1 Modèle:Catégorisation_badges 8.33% 16.899 1 Modèle:Suivi_des_biographies 6.74% 13.671 4 Modèle:Dièse_couleur_web --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiki:pcache:9749:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128095900 and revision id 204867758. 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