CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Liturgical struggle - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"32c9041d-10d4-4685-943d-97b3dafb48b8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Liturgical_struggle","wgTitle":"Liturgical struggle","wgCurRevisionId":1254181353,"wgRevisionId":1254181353,"wgArticleId":53062720,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from April 2024","All articles needing additional references","Articles containing Swedish-language text","History of the Church of Sweden","Counter-Reformation","1570s in Sweden","1580s in Sweden","1590s in Sweden","16th century in Sweden","Swedish Reformation"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Liturgical_struggle","wgRelevantArticleId":53062720,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q10567965","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Liturgical struggle - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgical_struggle"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgical_struggle"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Liturgical_struggle rootpage-Liturgical_struggle skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Liturgical+struggle" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Liturgical+struggle" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Liturgical+struggle" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Liturgical+struggle" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Resistance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_battle_hardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_battle_hardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The battle hardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_battle_hardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_fight_continues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_fight_continues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The fight continues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_fight_continues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_end_of_the_battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_end_of_the_battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The end of the battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_end_of_the_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Liturgical struggle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgiska_striden" title="Liturgiska striden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liturgiska striden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10567965#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_struggle" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Liturgical_struggle" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_struggle"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_struggle"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Liturgical_struggle" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Liturgical_struggle" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&oldid=1254181353" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Liturgical_struggle&id=1254181353&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLiturgical_struggle"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLiturgical_struggle"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Liturgical_struggle&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10567965" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Religious conflict in Sweden</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Liturgical_struggle" title="Special:EditPage/Liturgical struggle">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Liturgical+struggle%22">"Liturgical struggle"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Liturgical+struggle%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Liturgical+struggle%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Liturgical+struggle%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Liturgical+struggle%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Liturgical+struggle%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Liturgical Struggle</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Liturgiska striden</i>) was the name for the period from 1574 until 1593 in Sweden, when there was a struggle about the <a href="/wiki/Confession_of_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Confession of faith">confession of faith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a>, brought about by the attempts of King <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John III of Sweden</a> to make the Swedish church take a mediating position between <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> by holding only certain doctrines and practices which could be established immediately in either the Word of God or <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">patristic</a> writings, similar to what had once been imposed on the Lutheran areas in Germany during the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Interim" title="Augsburg Interim">Augsburg Interim</a>. The struggle began in 1574, when the king introduced some new rules in the liturgy which were not by Lutheran doctrine and practice, followed by his publication of the <i>Liturgia Svecanae Ecclesiae catholicae & orthodoxae conformia</i> commonly called the "Red Book",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which re-introduced a number of Catholic customs. The Liturgical Struggle ended with the Lutheran confession of faith at the <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Synod" title="Uppsala Synod">Uppsala Synod</a> in 1593. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A similar idea had already appeared abroad and had its most prominent advocate in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> theologian <a href="/wiki/George_Cassander" title="George Cassander">George Cassander</a> (d. 1566). <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John III</a> had, through his theological studies during his incarceration at <a href="/wiki/Gripsholm_Castle" title="Gripsholm Castle">Gripsholm</a> (1563–1567), become acquainted with the same line of thinking, and in his secretary <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Michaelis_Fecht" title="Petrus Michaelis Fecht">Petrus Fecht</a> he had a good assistant in the endeavor to restore "the apostolic and Catholic faith of the early church." </p><p>It began with the fact that, at a Riksdag in 1574, despite objections, the king established a number of minor rules of conduct concerning the service. In 1575 he got the church's chief men to adopt the "new ordinance" (Nova Ordinantia), which in several points contradicted pure Lutheranism. The theologians from <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a> were given a special statement on this ordinance: they considered that it contained the Church's approved doctrine, "only the right was understood," and that the ceremonies prescribed therein could well be accepted, "unless it aroused opposition." The same year, the Charter was also conditionally approved by the priests who met and the bishops of Linköping and Västerås were consecrated to their offices. </p><p>In 1576 the schism broke out completely, since the King had in the beginning of the same year, printed and distributed a new worship order, It was called the <i>Liturgia Suecanæ Ecclesiæ catholicæ & orthodoxæ conformis</i>. Because of the color of the printed copies, it was called <i>the Red Book</i>. He had written it together with Fecht. (The book's title and enterprise, as well as the regulations for the priest, annotations and notes were written in Latin, but the liturgy itself was written in both Latin and Swedish.) This order of service was different from the other, less ceremonial Swedish order already in use and adopted some of the content of the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a>, including the use of the <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">sign of the cross</a>. However certain aspects which were considered offensive to Protestant eyes were removed. The struggle was mainly conducted over this order of service; hence even the very name of the struggle. The struggle was especially significant from 1576–1580 due to John III's negotiations on how to approach the Roman Catholic Church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resistance">Resistance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Resistance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_IX_of_Sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Charles_IX_of_Sweden.jpg/220px-Charles_IX_of_Sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Charles_IX_of_Sweden.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Duke Karl, later <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Karl IX</a>, pictured by unknown contemporary artist.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first resistance to "new ordinance" and the liturgy came from the brother of <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden" title="Charles IX of Sweden">Duke Charles IX</a>. He stated from the outset that he was determined to maintain the church use introduced during <a href="/wiki/Gustav_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav I of Sweden">Gustav Vasa's</a> time. Later, in September 1576, the Duchy's residents also declared themselves wanting to stick to the old Lutheran liturgy. At the same time, anxiety began to be felt in the capital. Stockholm's vicar, Olaus Petri Medelpadius, the principal of the city's school, Abrahamus Andreae Angermannus, and two chaplains were required to observe the new order on September 7. When they not only failed to do so, but also gave a written objection to the liturgy, Olaus Petri was transferred to a position as preacher in Uppsala and Abrahamus as preacher in Öregrund, both under the archbishop's special supervision. Chaplain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Eriksson_(chaplain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Eriksson (chaplain) (page does not exist)">Peter Eriksson</a> fled to Duke Charles for protection, but the other chaplain had to stay in Stockholm because of his old age. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_battle_hardens">The battle hardens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The battle hardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Christmas 1576, the battle flared up in Uppsala, where Archbishop Laurentius banned the new preacher and professor Petrus Jonae (who was known for his fiery sermons) to practice the priesthood. In January 1577, Peter Jonae and his brother Olaus Luth were called by the king to Stockholm. Religious talks took place, with the Jesuit <a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Norvegus" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurentius Norvegus">Laurentius Norvegus</a> ("Klosterlasse") arguing the case for the new liturgy. But the two maintained their protests, and the judge in Västerås, Salomon Birgeri, was led to support the liturgy. He was appointed to serve in Stockholm and joined the resistance. However, the king was negotiating in the villages about the liturgy's recognition. </p><p>When a parliament was announced in Stockholm to discuss the issue, the Uppsala professors were taken away in custody to Svartsjö. Salomo Birgeri, Olaus Petri, and <a href="/wiki/Abrahamus_Angermannus" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamus Angermannus">Abrahamus Angermannus</a>, (who later turned out to be indifferent) were sent to the farm in Häringe, Södertörn. At the meeting of the stations, the worldly positions immediately left their approval for the new order of service on February 11. The clergy, on the other hand, signed their consent only five days later, after a persistent resistance by the Linköping bishop Martinus Olai Gestricius. He assented, but included a reference to a declaration demanded by the conflict over the disputed book. Afterwards, the prisoners were recovered, but could not now be induced to remission. The two professors then had to return to Uppsala; Abrahamus Angermannus was sent as a vicar to <a href="/wiki/Saltvik" title="Saltvik">Saltvik</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a>, and Olaus Petri had to settle on a farm in <a href="/wiki/Roslagen" title="Roslagen">Roslagen</a>. Salomo Birgeri was still held for some time longer, but then returned to his position in Västerås. </p><p>Despite the enforced decision, however, no significant enthusiasm for the actual introduction of the liturgy was noticed in Västergötland. Additionally, the new order of service came into question in Bishop Martin's Linköping's diocese of and in Strängnäs diocese, where Duke Karl's will was decisive. The fact that the Jesuits arrived in Sweden and publicly supported the liturgy led many who were previously supportive to oppose the new program. It seemed ominous, and even Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a> (died February 12, 1579) turned during his last year of life against the new order of service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_fight_continues">The fight continues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The fight continues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the last hope of an agreement with the pope was lost by 1580, King John became more violent in the attempt to enforce his will, while again Duke Karl began to openly defy it. The king commanded his bailiffs to withhold the income of the priests who refused to follow the new liturgy. Bishop Martinus in Linköping was dismissed, but he was appointed vicar in Nyköping by Duke Karl, who at the same time also appointed the deposed clergyman in <a href="/wiki/Vadstena" title="Vadstena">Vadstena</a>. Jesper Marci he appointed as <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(ecclesiastical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superintendent (ecclesiastical)">superintendent</a> over Värmland, Vadsbo, and Valla. Petrus Jonae was thrown into prison in 1581 and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Angermannus" title="Abraham Angermannus">Abraham Angermannus</a>, who for some time had already been held prisoner at Turku Castle, again was threatened by imprisonment, but both managed to escape to the Duke. In the Riksdag in Stockholm in 1582, the priests pleased John III by upholding the new order of service and declared their voluntary consent to the liturgy's introduction into all the parishes of the kingdom. In 1583, all the bishops of the kingdom, except the one in Strängnäs, gathered at Archbishop Andreas Laurentii Björnram's ordinance and then committed themselves to the complete implementation of the new order of service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_end_of_the_battle">The end of the battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The end of the battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duke Karl, after Martinus Olai died in 1585, chose Petrus Jonæ Helsingus (1586) to be bishop of Strängnäs diocese. In May of the same year, he issued the Örebro articles, in which it stressed that only the ceremonies that had been approved by the priesthood in Uppsala in 1572 would be required. At the conciliation between the king and the Duke, as confirmed in Vadstena in 1587, the religious issue was referred to a prospective church meeting; But already in that year, Karl Strängnäs diocese's clergy declared the new liturgy both unnecessary and harmful. This declaration was assisted by the other clergy in the Duchy. With the help of Abrahamus Angermannus, the Duke's rejection proved stronger than the king's beloved works from four German theological faculties. </p><p>John raged and issued a proclamation in an open-ended, hostile letter directed at the Duchy's priesthood in 1588. The King also succeeded in persuading the priests in some other parts of the country to denounce all fellowship with the Duchy's bishopric; but on the other hand reminders of the intended church meeting were made from several quarters, and the Council also requested in 1589 that such a meeting be convened. In the same year, the three teachers at the dormitory in Stockholm were arrested by Ericus Jacobi Skinnerus: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Olai_Bothniensis" title="Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis">Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Kenicius" title="Petrus Kenicius">Petrus Kenicius</a>, Ericus Olai Schepperus, and others. But during the illness that preceded the king's death in 1592, his mind was alleviated, and when the clergy asked for liberty from following the new liturgy for the Duke's diocese, John III did not want to be dominate over them. In 1593 the whole battle ended during the <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Synod" title="Uppsala Synod">Uppsala Synod</a>, where the Lutheran confession of faith was adopted and the red book was rejected with the confirmation of the Church Order of 1571. </p><p>The Church of Sweden was not like the Church of England where the monarch was superior. Rather, the decision of the synod of bishops had to be respected by any new king as a prerequisite to coronation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1576_Plot" title="1576 Plot">1576 Plot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T09CAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Sacerdotis+pro+opportunitate+ipsius+facienda+anxequam+altare+accedit%22&pg=PA75">Swedish and English Translation of the Red Book</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ih8wDwAAQBAJ&dq=Liturgia+Svecan%C3%A6+Ecclesi%C3%A6+catholic%C3%A6+%26+orthodox%C3%A6+conformia&pg=PA738">Encyclopedia of Martin Luther and the Reformation, Volume 2</a>, page 737</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Nordisk familjebok, Liturgiska striden, 1912.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Lutheranism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Lutheranism" title="Template:History of Lutheranism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Lutheranism" title="Template talk:History of Lutheranism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Lutheranism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Lutheranism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Lutheranism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lutheranism" title="History of Lutheranism">History</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther#The_start_of_the_Reformation" title="Martin Luther">Start of the<br />Reformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ninety-five_Theses" title="Ninety-five Theses">Ninety-five Theses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Disputation" title="Heidelberg Disputation">Heidelberg Disputation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Debate" title="Leipzig Debate">Leipzig Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marburg_Colloquy" title="Marburg Colloquy">Marburg Colloquy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Speyer_(1529)" title="Diet of Speyer (1529)">Diet of Speyer (1529)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestation_at_Speyer" title="Protestation at Speyer">Protestation at Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Schwabach" title="Articles of Schwabach">Articles of Schwabach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Presentation of the <i>Augsburg Confession</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Religious_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Religious Peace">Nuremberg Religious Peace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Reformation in</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Denmark%E2%80%93Norway_and_Holstein" title="Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein">Denmark–Norway and Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland#The_Reformation" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany#Reformation_and_Thirty_Years_War" title="History of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland#The_Reformation" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Sweden" title="Reformation in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_German_Protestant_theologians" title="Category:16th-century German Protestant theologians">Reformers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharina_von_Bora" title="Katharina von Bora">Katharina von Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Bugenhagen" title="Johannes Bugenhagen">Johannes Bugenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brenz" title="Johannes Brenz">Johannes Brenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_Jonas" title="Justus Jonas">Justus Jonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argula_von_Grumbach" title="Argula von Grumbach">Argula von Grumbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_S%C3%A4rkilahti" title="Petrus Särkilahti">Petrus Särkilahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Agricola" title="Mikael Agricola">Mikael Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Agricola" title="Stephan Agricola">Stephan Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_von_Amsdorf" title="Nicolaus von Amsdorf">Nicolaus von Amsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Andreae" title="Laurentius Andreae">Laurentius Andreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaus_Petri" title="Olaus Petri">Olaus Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Praetorius" title="Stephan Praetorius">Stephan Praetorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Pfeffinger" title="Johann Pfeffinger">Johann Pfeffinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Frederick III, Elector of Saxony">Frederick the Wise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early turmoil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession_Variata" title="Augsburg Confession Variata">Dissemination of the <i>Augsburg Confession Variata</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloquy_of_Worms_(1540%E2%80%931541)" title="Colloquy of Worms (1540–1541)">Colloquy of Worms (1540–1541)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Regensburg_(1541)" title="Diet of Regensburg (1541)">Diet of Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg_Interim" title="Regensburg Interim">Regensburg Interim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_War" title="Schmalkaldic War">Schmalkaldic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Interim" title="Augsburg Interim">Augsburg Interim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Interim" title="Leipzig Interim">Leipzig Interim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Passau" title="Peace of Passau">Peace of Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg" title="Peace of Augsburg">Peace of Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloquy_of_Worms_(1557)" title="Colloquy of Worms (1557)">Colloquy of Worms (1557)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation#Politics" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent#Protestant_response" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent § Protestant response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Centuries" title="Magdeburg Centuries">Publication of the <i>Magdeburg Centuries</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adiaphora#Adiaphoristic_Controversy_in_Lutheranism" title="Adiaphora">Adiaphoristic controversies (first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antinomianism#Second_Antinomian_Controversy" title="Antinomianism">second)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell#Lutheran" title="Harrowing of Hell">Controversy on the Descent into Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople#The_Greek_Augsburg_Confession" title="Jeremias II of Constantinople">Presentation of the <i>Greek Augsburg Confession</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Signing of the <i>Formula of Concord</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liturgical struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Synod" title="Uppsala Synod">Uppsala Synod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Gallus" title="Nicolaus Gallus">Nicolaus Gallus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyriacus_Spangenberg" title="Cyriacus Spangenberg">Cyriacus Spangenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Westphal_(of_Hamburg)" title="Joachim Westphal (of Hamburg)">Joachim Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Musculus" title="Andreas Musculus">Andreas Musculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_Strigel" title="Victorinus Strigel">Victorinus Strigel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Agricola" title="Johannes Agricola">Johannes Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Osiander" title="Andreas Osiander">Andreas Osiander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Frederick_I,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony">John the Magnanimous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Calvinism" title="Crypto-Calvinism">Crypto-Calvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentarians" title="Sacramentarians">Sacramentarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippists" title="Philippists">Philippists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubiquitarians" title="Ubiquitarians">Ubiquitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnesio-Lutherans" title="Gnesio-Lutherans">Gnesio-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-protestantism">Crypto-Lutherans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">Orthodox</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_scholasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran scholasticism">Scholastic</a><br />periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Acceptance of the <i>Book of Concord</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz">Martin Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Beza#The_Colloquy_of_Mumpelgart" title="Theodore Beza">Colloquy of Mumpelgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Andreae" title="Jakob Andreae">Jakob Andreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Selnecker" title="Nikolaus Selnecker">Nikolaus Selnecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Chytraeus" title="David Chytraeus">David Chytraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Hafenreffer" title="Matthias Hafenreffer">Matthias Hafenreffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Hutter" title="Leonhard Hutter">Leonhard Hutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Hunnius" title="Aegidius Hunnius">Aegidius Hunnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Praetorius" title="Stephan Praetorius">Stephan Praetorius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">High</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gerhard" title="Johann Gerhard">Johann Gerhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Quenstedt" title="Johannes Andreas Quenstedt">J. A. Quenstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Calovius" title="Abraham Calovius">Abraham Calovius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Calixtus" title="Georg Calixtus">Georg Calixtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Hunnius" title="Nicolaus Hunnius">Nicolaus Hunnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesper_Brochmand" title="Jesper Brochmand">Jesper Brochmand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomo_Glassius" title="Salomo Glassius">Salomo Glassius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_H%C3%BClsemann" title="Johann Hülsemann">Johann Hülsemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Conrad_Dannhauer" title="Johann Conrad Dannhauer">J. C. Dannhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_K%C3%B6nig" title="Johann Friedrich König">J. F. König</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Musaeus" title="Johannes Musaeus">Johannes Musaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Baier" title="Johann Wilhelm Baier">J. W. Baier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Hollatz_(dogmatician)" title="David Hollatz (dogmatician)">David Hollatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Scriver" title="Christian Scriver">Christian Scriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ernst_L%C3%B6scher" title="Valentin Ernst Löscher">V. E. Löscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Melchior_Goeze" title="Johann Melchior Goeze">J. M. Goeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Protestants" title="Salzburg Protestants">Salzburg Protestants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Landler" class="mw-redirect" title="Transylvanian Landler">Landlers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speculative <p>or critical </p> theologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(philosopher)" title="Christian Wolff (philosopher)">Wolffian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Salomo_Semler" title="Johann Salomo Semler">Johann Salomo Semler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_David_Michaelis" title="Johann David Michaelis">Johann David Michaelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_D%C3%B6derlein" title="Johann Christoph Döderlein">Johann Christoph Döderlein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Old Tübingen school</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Christian_Storr" title="Gottlob Christian Storr">Gottlob Christian Storr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gottlieb_S%C3%BCskind" title="Friedrich Gottlieb Süskind">Friedrich Gottlieb Süskind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Flatt" title="Johann Friedrich Flatt">Johann Friedrich Flatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kantian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Friedrich_von_Ammon" title="Christoph Friedrich von Ammon">Christoph Friedrich von Ammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Wegscheider" title="Julius Wegscheider">Julius Wegscheider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Gesenius" title="Wilhelm Gesenius">Wilhelm Gesenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Ritschl" title="Albrecht Ritschl">Albrecht Ritschl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Harnack" title="Adolf von Harnack">Adolf von Harnack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Herrmann" title="Wilhelm Herrmann">Wilhelm Herrmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hegelianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegelianism">Hegelian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Daub" title="Karl Daub">Karl Daub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Marheineke" title="Philip Marheineke">Philip Marheineke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Strauss" title="David Strauss">David Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Christian_Baur" title="Ferdinand Christian Baur">Ferdinand Christian Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Adelbert_Lipsius" title="Richard Adelbert Lipsius">Richard Adelbert Lipsius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Pfleiderer" title="Otto Pfleiderer">Otto Pfleiderer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Moderate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Volkmar_Reinhard" title="Franz Volkmar Reinhard">Franz Volkmar Reinhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Gottlieb_Bretschneider" title="Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider">Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Martin_Leberecht_de_Wette" title="Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette">Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Transitional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Johann Gottfried Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Heinrich_Jacobi" title="Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi">Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Friedrich Schleiermacher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Revivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Moller" title="Martin Moller">Martin Moller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Arndt" title="Johann Arndt">Johann Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Jakob Böhme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Valentinus_Andreae" title="Johannes Valentinus Andreae">J. V. Andreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Spener" title="Philipp Spener">P. J. Spener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Petersen" title="Johann Wilhelm Petersen">J. W. Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke">A. H. Francke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Franz_Buddeus" title="Johann Franz Buddeus">J. F. Buddeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Albrecht_Bengel" title="Johann Albrecht Bengel">J. A. Bengel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Christian_Knapp" title="Georg Christian Knapp">G. C. Knapp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment#The_Counter-Enlightenment_Movement_vs_Counter-Enlightenments" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Awakening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Hamann" title="Johann Georg Hamann">J. G. Hamann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Nielsen_Hauge" title="Hans Nielsen Hauge">Hans Nielsen Hauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haugean" class="mw-redirect" title="Haugean">Haugeanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Ruotsalainen" title="Paavo Ruotsalainen">Paavo Ruotsalainen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awakening_(Finnish_religious_movement)" title="Awakening (Finnish religious movement)">Finnish Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Harms" title="Claus Harms">Claus Harms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Levi_Laestadius" title="Lars Levi Laestadius">Lars Levi Laestadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestadianism" title="Laestadianism">Laestadianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Olof_Rosenius" title="Carl Olof Rosenius">Carl Olof Rosenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._F._S._Grundtvig" title="N. F. S. Grundtvig">N. F. S. Grundtvig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Tholuck" title="August Tholuck">August Tholuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zillertal#History" title="Zillertal">Zillertal Valley expulsion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Neo-Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism#Repristination_versus_Erlangen_school" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Repristination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Wilhelm_Hengstenberg" title="Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg">E. W. Hengstenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Adolf_Philippi" title="Friedrich Adolf Philippi">F. A. Philippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Gabriel_Hedberg" title="Fredrik Gabriel Hedberg">F. G. Hedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Paul_Caspari" title="Carl Paul Caspari">Carl Paul Caspari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Porterfield_Krauth" title="Charles Porterfield Krauth">C. P. Krauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Alexander_Gotwald" title="Luther Alexander Gotwald">L .A. Gotwald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism#Repristination_versus_Erlangen_school" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Erlangen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Christoph_Adolf_von_Harless" title="Gottlieb Christoph Adolf von Harless">G. C. A. von Harless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Friedrich_H%C3%B6fling" title="Johann Wilhelm Friedrich Höfling">J. W. F. Höfling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Thomasius" title="Gottfried Thomasius">Gottfried Thomasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Konrad_von_Hofmann" title="Johann Christian Konrad von Hofmann">J. C. K. von Hofmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Delitzsch" title="Franz Delitzsch">Franz Delitzsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_August_Kahnis" title="Karl Friedrich August Kahnis">K. F. A. Kahnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Harnack" title="Theodosius Harnack">Theodosius Harnack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Ernst_Luthardt" title="Christoph Ernst Luthardt">C. E. Luthardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Hermann_Reinhold_von_Frank" title="Franz Hermann Reinhold von Frank">F. H. R. von Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Althaus" title="Paul Althaus">Paul Althaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Elert" title="Werner Elert">Werner Elert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/High_Church_Lutheranism" class="mw-redirect" title="High Church Lutheranism">High Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_Friedrich_Christian_Vilmar" title="August Friedrich Christian Vilmar">A. F. C. Vilmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Julius_Stahl" title="Friedrich Julius Stahl">F. J. Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Friedrich_Otto_M%C3%BCnchmeyer" class="mw-redirect" title="August Friedrich Otto Münchmeyer">A. F. O. Münchmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Konrad_Wilhelm_L%C3%B6he" title="Johann Konrad Wilhelm Löhe">J. K. W. Löhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Kliefoth" title="Theodor Kliefoth">Theodor Kliefoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hansen_(theologian)" title="Heinrich Hansen (theologian)">Heinrich Hansen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Lutherans" title="Old Lutherans">Old Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Union_of_churches#Quarrels_over_the_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian Union of churches">Old Lutheran schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Evangelical_Church#Background" title="German Evangelical Church">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Scheibel" title="Johann Gottfried Scheibel">J. G. Scheibel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Huschke" title="Eduard Huschke">Eduard Huschke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Steffens" title="Henrik Steffens">Henrik Steffens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Ernst_Ferdinand_Guericke" title="Heinrich Ernst Ferdinand Guericke">H. E. F. Guericke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Huschke" title="Eduard Huschke">G. P. E. Huschke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_church" title="Free church">Free churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Australia / New Guinea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_Kavel" title="August Kavel">August Kavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Fritzsche" title="Gotthard Fritzsche">Gotthard Fritzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Flierl" title="Johann Flierl">Johann Flierl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Australia" title="Lutheran Church of Australia">Lutheran Church of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Stephan" title="Martin Stephan">Martin Stephan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_August_Grabau" title="Johannes Andreas August Grabau">J. A. A. Grabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Sihler" title="Wilhelm Sihler">Wilhelm Sihler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._C._D._Wyneken" title="F. C. D. Wyneken">F. C. D. Wyneken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._W._Walther" title="C. F. W. Walther">C. F. W. Walther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Amberg_Preus" title="Herman Amberg Preus">H. A. Preus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Stellhorn" title="Frederick William Stellhorn">F. W. Stellhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synodical_Conference_of_North_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America">Synodical Conference of North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutheranism" title="Confessional Lutheranism">Confessional Lutheranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Lutheranism" title="Homosexuality and Lutheranism">Homosexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intermediates_between_Catholicism_and_Protestantism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: linear-gradient(to right, gold, #DFFFFF);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Intermediates_between_Catholicism_and_Protestantism" title="Template:Intermediates between Catholicism and Protestantism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Intermediates_between_Catholicism_and_Protestantism" title="Template talk:Intermediates between Catholicism and Protestantism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Intermediates_between_Catholicism_and_Protestantism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Intermediates between Catholicism and Protestantism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Intermediates_between_Catholicism_and_Protestantism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Intermediates between Catholicism and Protestantism</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: linear-gradient(to bottom, gold, #DFFFFF);">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Movements predating Luther: <a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaissance_evangelism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renaissance evangelism (page does not exist)">Renaissance evangelism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vang%C3%A9lisme_de_la_Renaissance" class="extiw" title="fr:Évangélisme de la Renaissance">fr</a>]</span>, and <a href="/wiki/Preachership" title="Preachership">preachership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Articles_(1539)" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Articles (1539)">Six Articles (1539)</a> (Anglican)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Regensburg_(1541)" title="Diet of Regensburg (1541)">Diet of Regensburg (1541)</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Interim" title="Augsburg Interim">Augsburg Interim</a> (Lutheran and crypto-Calvinist)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France#Conciliation_policy" title="Francis II of France">Assembly of Notables at Fontainebleau</a> (1560)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liturgical struggle</a> (Lutheran and crypto-Calvinist)</span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: linear-gradient(to bottom, gold, #DFFFFF);">Individuals with hidden beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Papist" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-Papist">Crypto-Catholic or Crypto-Papist</a> (pejorative)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Protestantism" title="Crypto-Protestantism">Crypto-Protestant</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicodemite" title="Nicodemite">Nicodemite</a> (pejorative)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: linear-gradient(to bottom, gold, #DFFFFF);">Movements within Catholicism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallicanism" title="Gallicanism">Gallicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febronianism" title="Febronianism">Febronianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephinism" title="Josephinism">Josephinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpinism" title="Cisalpinism">Cisalpinism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: linear-gradient(to bottom, gold, #DFFFFF);">Present-day</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_church_Lutheranism" title="High church Lutheranism">High Church Lutheranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Catholic" title="Evangelical Catholic">Evangelical Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiz%C3%A9_Community" title="Taizé Community">Taizé Community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_Church_in_Sweden" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_in_Sweden" title="Template:Catholic Church in Sweden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_in_Sweden" title="Template talk:Catholic Church in Sweden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_in_Sweden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church in Sweden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church_in_Sweden" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sweden" title="Catholic Church in Sweden">Catholic Church in Sweden</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Stockholm" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Stockholm">Roman Catholic<br />Diocese<br />of Stockholm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Eugenia%27s_Church_(Stockholm)" title="St. Eugenia's Church (Stockholm)">Saint Eugenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Eric%27s_Cathedral,_Stockholm" title="St. Eric's Cathedral, Stockholm">Saint Eric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping_Catholic_Church" title="Jönköping Catholic Church">Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church,_Halmstad" title="Trinity Church, Halmstad">Saint Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Diocese_of_Stockholm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Diocese_of_Stockholm.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Diocese_of_Stockholm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Diocese_of_Stockholm.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Diocese_of_Stockholm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Diocese_of_Stockholm.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Diocese_of_Stockholm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="939" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newman_Institute_(Uppsala)" title="Newman Institute (Uppsala)">Newman Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Caritas International">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norra_begravningsplatsen" title="Norra begravningsplatsen">Catholic Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malteser_International" title="Malteser International">Malteser International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_saints" title="List of Swedish saints">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigfrid_of_Sweden" title="Sigfrid of Sweden">Sigfrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_IX_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric IX of Sweden">Eric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_of_Sk%C3%B6vde" title="Helena of Skövde">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Ingrid_of_Sk%C3%A4nninge" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ingrid of Skänninge">Ingrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Vadstena" title="Catherine of Vadstena">Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Hesselblad" title="Elizabeth Hesselblad">Elizabeth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_bishops_of_Stockholm" title="Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Stockholm">Bishops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Arborelius" title="Anders Arborelius">Anders Arborelius</a> (1998–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubertus_Brandenburg" title="Hubertus Brandenburg">Hubertus Brandenburg</a> (1977–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Taylor_(bishop)" title="John Edward Taylor (bishop)">John Taylor</a> (1962–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Ansgar_Nelson" title="Knut Ansgar Nelson">Knut Ansgar Nelson</a> (1957–1962)</li> <li>(...)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 829</span>–1527)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Scandinavia#Sweden" title="Christianization of Scandinavia">Christianisation</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 829</span>–1087)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Bremen" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric of Bremen">Archbishopric of Bremen</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 829</span>–1104)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lund" title="Diocese of Lund">Archdiocese of Lund</a> (1104–1164)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Uppsala" title="Archdiocese of Uppsala">Archdiocese of Uppsala</a> (1164–1557)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Crusades#Swedish_Crusades" title="Northern Crusades">Swedish Crusades</a> (12th–13th centuries) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Swedish_Crusade" title="First Swedish Crusade">First</a> (1150s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Swedish_Crusade" title="Second Swedish Crusade">Second</a> (1240s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Swedish_Crusade" title="Third Swedish Crusade">Third</a> (1293)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish%E2%80%93Novgorodian_Wars" title="Swedish–Novgorodian Wars">Swedish–Novgorodian Wars</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Formerdioceses" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;background-color: gold;">Former<br />dioceses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Skara" title="Diocese of Skara">Skara</a> (990/1014–1529)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Uppsala" title="Archdiocese of Uppsala">Uppsala</a> (1164–1557)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Sigtuna" title="Diocese of Sigtuna">Sigtuna</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 11th century</span>–1164)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Link%C3%B6ping" title="Diocese of Linköping">Linköping</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1129</span>–1527)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Str%C3%A4ngn%C3%A4s" title="Diocese of Strängnäs">Strängnäs</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span>/1129–1536)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Eskilstuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diocese of Eskilstuna (page does not exist)">Tuna "Eskilstuna"</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100s</span>–1170)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_V%C3%A4xj%C3%B6" title="Diocese of Växjö">Växjö</a> (1163–1530)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s" title="Diocese of Västerås">Västerås</a> (1164–1534/1606 )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_%C3%85bo" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Åbo">Åbo</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100s</span>/1249–1554)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;background-color: gold;">Former<br />monasteries<br />and convents<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_monasteries_and_convents_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Catholic monasteries and convents in Sweden">List</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvastra_Abbey" title="Alvastra Abbey">Alvastra Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askeby_Abbey" title="Askeby Abbey">Askeby Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friars%27_Monastery_of_Stockholm" title="Black Friars' Monastery of Stockholm">Blackfriars (Stockholm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4ckaskog_Castle" title="Bäckaskog Castle">Bäckaskog Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rringe_Priory" title="Börringe Priory">Börringe Priory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalby_Church" title="Dalby Church">Dalby Priory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragsmark_Abbey" title="Dragsmark Abbey">Dragsmark Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Friar%27s_Abbey,_Stockholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey Friar's Abbey, Stockholm">Greyfriars (Stockholm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_Abbey,_Ystad" title="Greyfriars Abbey, Ystad">Greyfriars (Ystad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudhem_Abbey" title="Gudhem Abbey">Gudhem Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrevad_Abbey" title="Herrevad Abbey">Herrevad Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julita_Abbey" title="Julita Abbey">Julita Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastelle_Priory" title="Kastelle Priory">Kastelle Priory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariefred_Charterhouse" title="Mariefred Charterhouse">Mariefred Charterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nydala_Abbey" title="Nydala Abbey">Nydala Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riseberga_Abbey" title="Riseberga Abbey">Riseberga Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Abbey" title="Roma Abbey">Roma Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A4nninge_Abbey" title="Skänninge Abbey">Skänninge Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sko_Abbey" title="Sko Abbey">Sko Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solberga_Abbey" title="Solberga Abbey">Solberga Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clare%27s_Priory,_Stockholm" title="St. Clare's Priory, Stockholm">St. Clare's Priory (Stockholm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Priory,_Kalmar" title="St. John's Priory, Kalmar">St. John's Priory (Kalmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Priory,_Lund" title="St. Peter's Priory, Lund">St. Peter's Priory (Lund)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5rfruberga_Abbey" title="Vårfruberga Abbey">Vårfruberga Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnhem_Abbey" title="Varnhem Abbey">Varnhem Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vreta_Abbey" title="Vreta Abbey">Vreta Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85s_Abbey" title="Ås Abbey">Ås Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96vedskloster_Manor" title="Övedskloster Manor">Öved Abbey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Sweden" title="Reformation in Sweden">Reformation</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1527</span>–1600)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_rebellions" title="Dalecarlian rebellions">Dalecarlian rebellions</a> (1524–1533)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recess_of_V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recess of Västerås (page does not exist)">Recess of Västerås</a> (1527)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduction_of_Gustav_I_of_Sweden" title="Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden">Reductions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav I of Sweden">Gustav I of Sweden</a> (1527–1560)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96rebro_Synod" title="Örebro Synod">Örebro Synod</a> (1529)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westrogothian_rebellion" title="Westrogothian rebellion">Westrogothian rebellion</a> (1529)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacke_War" title="Dacke War">Dacke War</a> (1542-1543)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical Struggle">Liturgical Struggle</a> (1574–1593)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Synod" title="Uppsala Synod">Uppsala Synod</a> (1593)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Sigismund" title="War against Sigismund">War against Sigismund</a> (1598–1600)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;background-color: gold;">Post-<br /><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Tridentine</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1563–)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1527</span>–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Northern_Germany" title="Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany">Apostolic Vicariate of the Nordic Missions</a> (1667–1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolerance_Act_(Sweden)" title="Tolerance Act (Sweden)">Tolerance Act</a> (1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_prefect" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic prefect">Apostolic prefecture</a> (1781–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicariate</a> (1783–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissenter_Acts_(Sweden)" title="Dissenter Acts (Sweden)">Dissenter Acts</a> (1860–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Bishops_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian Bishops Conference">Scandinavian Bishops Conference</a> (1960–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Stockholm" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Stockholm">Roman Catholic Diocese of Stockholm</a> (1953–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Conference_of_Scandinavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Conference of Scandinavia">Episcopal Conference of Scandinavia</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sweden" title="Portal:Sweden">Sweden portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sweden_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sweden_topics" title="Template:Sweden topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sweden_topics" title="Template talk:Sweden topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sweden_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sweden topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sweden_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden" title="History of Sweden">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Sweden" title="Prehistoric Sweden">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(800%E2%80%931521)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sweden (800–1521)">800–1521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1523%E2%80%931611)" title="History of Sweden (1523–1611)">1523–1611</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1611%E2%80%931648)" title="History of Sweden (1611–1648)">Rise to become Great Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Liberty" title="Age of Liberty">Age of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_1756" title="Coup of 1756">Coup of 1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_Crisis_(1768)" title="December Crisis (1768)">December Crisis (1768)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1772" title="Revolution of 1772">Revolution of 1772</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavian_era" title="Gustavian era">Gustavian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_1809" title="Coup of 1809">Coup of 1809</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Sweden–Norway union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_famine_of_1867%E2%80%931869" title="Swedish famine of 1867–1869">Famine of 1867–1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_the_late_19th_century" title="Sweden during the late 19th century">Modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrialization_of_Sweden" title="Industrialization of Sweden">Industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_I" title="Sweden during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II_(timeline)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden during World War II (timeline)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1945%E2%80%931967)" title="History of Sweden (1945–1967)">1945–1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1967%E2%80%931991)" title="History of Sweden (1967–1991)">1967–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1991%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Sweden (1991–present)">Since 1991</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sweden" title="Geography of Sweden">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Sweden" title="List of cities in Sweden">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Sweden" title="Counties of Sweden">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Sweden">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Sweden" title="Forests of Sweden">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Sweden" title="List of islands of Sweden">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Sweden" title="List of lakes of Sweden">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_Sweden" title="Lands of Sweden">Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Sweden" title="List of metropolitan areas in Sweden">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Sweden" title="List of national parks of Sweden">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sweden" title="Provinces of Sweden">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Sweden" title="List of rivers of Sweden">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Sweden" title="Wildlife of Sweden">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sweden" title="Politics of Sweden">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Sweden" title="Administrative divisions of Sweden">Administrative division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Sweden">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sweden" title="Foreign relations of Sweden">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sweden" title="Human rights in Sweden">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Sweden">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_agencies_in_Sweden" title="Government agencies in Sweden">State agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Sweden" title="Judiciary of Sweden">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Sweden" title="Law of Sweden">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sweden" title="Law enforcement in Sweden">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_neutrality" title="Swedish neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sweden" title="List of political parties in Sweden">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sweden" title="Economy of Sweden">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Sweden" title="Agriculture in Sweden">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Sweden" title="Automotive industry in Sweden">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Sweden" title="Energy in Sweden">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Sweden" title="Income inequality in Sweden">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Krona <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_labour_movement" title="Swedish labour movement">Labour unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehn%E2%80%93Meidner_model" title="Rehn–Meidner model">Rehn–Meidner model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Stockholm" title="Nasdaq Stockholm">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Sweden" title="Taxation in Sweden">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sweden" title="Telecommunications in Sweden">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Sweden" title="Transport in Sweden">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Sweden" title="Tourism in Sweden">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Sweden" title="Category:Society of Sweden">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Sweden" title="Abortion in Sweden">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Sweden" title="Censorship in Sweden">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Sweden" title="Crime in Sweden">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sweden" title="Demographics of Sweden">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sweden" title="Education in Sweden">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Sweden">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Sweden" title="Homelessness in Sweden">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Sweden" title="Human trafficking in Sweden">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Sweden" title="Immigration to Sweden">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sweden" title="Languages of Sweden">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_counties_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Swedish counties by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Sweden" title="Prostitution in Sweden">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Sweden" title="Welfare in Sweden">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Sweden" title="Women in Sweden">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden" title="Culture of Sweden">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Du_gamla,_du_fria" title="Du gamla, du fria">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Sweden" title="Architecture of Sweden">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_art" title="Swedish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Sweden" title="Coat of arms of Sweden">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_wine" title="Swedish wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_fashion" title="Swedish fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden" title="Flag of Sweden">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Sweden" title="Irreligion in Sweden">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_literature" title="Swedish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Sweden">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Sweden" title="National Day of Sweden">National Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Sweden" title="Public holidays in Sweden">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Sweden" title="Sport in Sweden">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sweden" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Sweden">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sweden" title="Outline of Sweden">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sweden" title="Category:Sweden">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sweden" title="Portal:Sweden">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&oldid=1254181353">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&oldid=1254181353</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Church_of_Sweden" title="Category:History of the Church of Sweden">History of the Church of Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Counter-Reformation" title="Category:Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1570s_in_Sweden" title="Category:1570s in Sweden">1570s in Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1580s_in_Sweden" title="Category:1580s in Sweden">1580s in Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1590s_in_Sweden" title="Category:1590s in Sweden">1590s in Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th_century_in_Sweden" title="Category:16th century in Sweden">16th century in Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swedish_Reformation" title="Category:Swedish Reformation">Swedish Reformation</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2024">Articles needing additional references from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Swedish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Swedish-language text">Articles containing Swedish-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 October 2024, at 19:54<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_struggle&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6ftfp","wgBackendResponseTime":135,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.563","walltime":"0.779","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2336,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":188411,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10979,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":25,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":35930,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 634.680 1 -total"," 43.12% 273.673 14 Template:Navbox"," 21.02% 133.421 1 Template:Lutheran_History"," 20.99% 133.198 1 Template:Langx"," 16.31% 103.490 1 Template:Sweden_topics"," 15.11% 95.898 1 Template:Short_description"," 14.58% 92.549 1 Template:Country_topics"," 11.42% 72.462 1 Template:Catholic_Church_in_Sweden"," 11.19% 71.001 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 10.28% 65.244 1 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.348","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14539569,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gbhlh","timestamp":"20241122183813","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Liturgical struggle","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liturgical_struggle","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10567965","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10567965","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2017-02-02T01:02:27Z","dateModified":"2024-10-29T19:54:14Z","headline":"late-16th century inner conflicts within the Church of Sweden"}</script> </body> </html>