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url(https://www.omniglot.com/radio/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-bg_radio_omniglot.jpg)"> <div class="site-branding"> <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/" rel="home">Radio Omniglot</a></h1> <h2 class="site-description">Podcasts about languages and words</h2> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> <button id="menu-button" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false">Primary Menu</button> <div class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-22"><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/radio/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?page_id=9">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2627" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2627"><a 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class="page-title">Category: <span>Dutch (Nederlands)</span></h1> </header> <article id="post-3822" class="post-3822 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-irish category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-indo-european category-proto-italic category-spanish tag-caisse tag-caja tag-cash tag-etymology tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3822" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Cash</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3822" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-03-08T10:00:00+00:00">8th March 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-03-08T17:48:13+00:00">8th March 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Cash" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-03-08T10:00:00+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M29S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we are grasping the cash box as we look into the origins of the word cash. Cash [kæʃ] is: Money in the form of notes or bills and coins Liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.6" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_4516"> <audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3822-1" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3?_=1" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3822-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="cash.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we are grasping the cash box as we look into the origins of the word <strong>cash</strong>.</p> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/videos/cash2.jpg" width="630" height="354" alt="Cash - part of my collection of coins and banknotes" /></p> <p><strong>Cash</strong> [kæʃ] is:</p> <ul> <li>Money in the form of notes or bills and coins</li> <li>Liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged.</li> <li>Money.</li> <li>A place where money is kept, or where it is deposited and paid out; a money box. (<em>archaic</em>)</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle French <em>caisse</em> (money box, chest), from Occitan <em>caissa</em> from Latin <em>capsa</em> (box, case, holder, repository, bookcase), from <em>capiō</em> (to take, capture, seize), from Old Latin <em>kapio</em>, from Proto-Italic <em>*kapjō</em> (to take, seize), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kapyéti</em> (to be grasping), from <em>*kap-</em> (to seize, grab, hold) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cash#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>case</strong>, <strong>chase</strong>, <strong>have</strong>, <strong>haven</strong>, <strong>heave</strong>, <strong>heft</strong> and <strong>disciple</strong> in English, <strong>caja</strong> (box, case, bank) in Spanish, <strong>caisse</strong> (box, crate, cash register) in French, <strong>hebben</strong> (to have, possess, own, hold) in Dutch, and <strong>cuach</strong> (bowl, goblet) in Irish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-">source</a>].</p> <p>Hang on, how is <strong>disciple</strong> related to <strong>cash</strong>? Well, it comes from Middle English <em>disciple</em> (disciple), from Old English <em>discipul</em> (disciple, scholar), from Latin <em>discipulus</em> (student, pupil, disciple, scholar), from <em>dis-</em> (asunder, apart) and Proto-Italic <em>*kapelos</em> (one who takes), from <em>*kapiō</em> (to take), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kapyéti</em>, etc. So a disciple or scholar could be one said to be who ‘takes apart’ ideas, knowledge, etc. [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disciple#English">source</a>].</p> <p>There are many other words for <strong>cash</strong> and <strong>money</strong> in English, including <strong>brass</strong>, <strong>bread</strong>, <strong>dosh</strong>, <strong>dough</strong>, <strong>funds</strong>, <strong>moolah</strong>, <strong>readies</strong>, <strong>spondoolicks</strong> and <strong>wonga</strong> – do you know any others? [<a href="https://www.wix.com/wordsmatter/blog/2020/09/slang-for-money/">source</a>].</p> <p>By the way, this week there is a <a href="Vhttps://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2025/03/03/satisfying-pleasure/">bonus Adventure in Etymology</a> on my <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a> page.</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3822" data-a2a-title="Adventures in Etymology – Cash"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3822&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Cash" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3822&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Cash" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3822&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Cash" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=133" rel="category">Proto-Italic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=caisse" rel="tag">caisse</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=caja" rel="tag">caja</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=cash" rel="tag">cash</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3822#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3782" class="post-3782 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-german category-irish category-language category-manx category-middle-english category-middle-french category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-gulls tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-seagulls tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Gulls</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-02-15T16:31:58+00:00">15th February 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Gulls" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-02-15T16:31:58+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M14S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of English and French words for seagull. The Proto-Celtic word *wailannā means seagull, and possibly comes from the Proto-Indo-European *wáy (oh! ah! woe! alas!), and maybe related to *waylos (..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.5" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_4517"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3782-2" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3?_=2" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3782-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="gulls.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of English and French words for <strong>seagull</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/8669890780/in/photolist-CK25VS-CK27Kd-CK28Ab-CK2bh3-FUqCZZ-FUqDKr-RnJ5aY-VmySKU-WzcBBq-WQihiY-Xeg1VF-Xeg49Z-XFjAgk-XVbVC5-Ybi4Te-YfJGDe-YRhzKA-ZLgxUY-ZLgzc7-ZLgDqN-ZLgFxU-ZQZeZg-23DSofy-2hfkDSr-2jEus7W-nwQjkH-Q9JBGu-Qcx3CB-ed8stw" title="Gulls"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/8263/8669890780_4edd1de330_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Gulls"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*wailannā</strong> means seagull, and possibly comes from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*wáy</em> (oh! ah! woe! alas!), and maybe related to <em>*waylos</em> (howler, wolf) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wailann%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>faoileán</strong> = gull, seagull in Irish</li> <li><strong>faoileann</strong> [fɯːlən̪ˠ] = gull, seagull, common gull in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>foillan</strong> = gull, seagull in Manx</li> <li><strong>gwylan</strong> [ˈɡʊɨ̯lan / ˈɡʊi̯lan] = sea-gull, fair maiden, glutton in Welsh</li> <li><strong>golan</strong> [ˈɡoːlan / ˈɡʊlɐn] = gull, seagull in Cornish</li> <li><strong>gouelan</strong> [ˈɡweːlãn] = seagull in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>gulls</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2020/08/15/gulls/">Gulls</a></p> <p>The English word <strong>gull</strong> comes from Middle English <strong>gulle</strong> (gull, water bird), which was probably borrowed from a Brythonic language (Welsh or Cornish) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gull#English">source</a>].</p> <p>The French word <strong>goéland</strong> [ɡɔ.e.lɑ̃] (gull, herring gull) was borrowed from Middle Breton <strong>goelan</strong> (gull, seagull) in the 15th century [<a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/go%C3%A9land">source</a>].</p> <p>A more common French word for (sea)gull is <strong>mouette</strong> [mwɛt], which comes from Middle French <em>mouette</em> (seagull) from Old French <em>moette</em> (seagull), from <em>maoe</em> (seagull), from Old English <em>mǣw</em> (seagull) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh%E2%82%82-">source</a>]. </p> <p>The Old Englsh word <em>mǣw</em>, comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*maiwiz</em> (seagull), from a non-Indo-European substrate, or is of imitative origin. It’s also found in Middle English as <em>mewe</em> (gull, seagull), in the archaic / dialectal English word <strong>mew</strong> (gull, seagull), in Dutch as <strong>meeuw</strong> (seagull), and in German as <strong>Möwe</strong> (seagull) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/m%C3%A6w#Old_English">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Gulls"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3782&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Gulls" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3782&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Gulls" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3782&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Gulls" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=140" rel="category">Middle French (françois)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=gulls" rel="tag">gulls</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=seagulls" rel="tag">seagulls</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3773" class="post-3773 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-ancient-greek- category-dutch category-english category-french category-german category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-french-franceis category-podcast category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-romanian-limba-romana category-spanish tag-boot tag-bottle tag-butler tag-butt tag-etymology tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3773" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Bottles, Boots and Butts</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3773" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-08T13:53:04+00:00">8th February 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-16T17:09:09+00:00">16th February 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Bottles, Boots and Butts" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-02-08T13:53:04+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M26S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between words for bottle, boot and butt in various languages. Meanings of bottle [ˈbɔtɫ̩ / ˈbɑ.təl] include: A container, typically made of glass or plastic and having a tapered neck, used prim..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.6" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_4518"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3773-3" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3?_=3" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3773-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="bottles.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between words for <strong>bottle</strong>, <strong>boot</strong> and <strong>butt</strong> in various languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/fraleigh/34731484/in/photolist-451sG-8iUFnL-dkH3BE-9cwfaG-gARDT9-nBMapd-8cqMhv-p8bHck-f1T6jU-8YwE6t-tqh9LQ-ETD8CE-a47fYW-bPJfmx-5VcHkf-8rTCj2-dBX1C6-gARGoP-DxSDTs-5CcXT4-ETD9k1-bbbR3c-cnaxfN-cFhxoS-89337W-21p5Kbk-9hGDuD-oSEjuA-e35bqn-dNxVz9-qiv1dA-5pxkyp-JXmVxi-RH7w4-JyPAy-JyQp1-dJFuww-ojmbRY-9M9yjU-bysL8K-234ZfBs-bExEr8-KGpaT9-iQZSKq-92tyeN-8QsR8C-amGFDq-4UWQVz-MWMmL-6oNira" title="Balcony pix"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/22/34731484_79874c5bd7_z.jpg" width="640" height="389" alt="Balcony pix"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>Meanings of <strong>bottle</strong> [ˈbɔtɫ̩ / ˈbɑ.təl] include:</p> <ul> <li>A container, typically made of glass or plastic and having a tapered neck, used primarily for holding liquids.</li> <li>The contents of such a container.</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>botel</em> [ˈbutəl] (bottle, flask, wineskin), from Old French <em>boteille</em> [buˈteʎə] (bottle), from Late Latin <em>butticula</em> (bottle, flask), from <em>buttis</em> (cask, barrel), from Ancient Greek <em>βοῦττῐς</em> (boûttĭs – a type of vessel), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European <em>*bʰeHw-</em> (to swell, puff) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clutter">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>boot</strong>, <strong>butt</strong> (cask, barrel), and <strong>butler</strong> in English, <strong>bottiglia</strong> (bottle) in Italian, <strong>botte</strong> (boot, oppression) in French, <strong>botija</strong> (jug, vessel) in Spanish, <strong>butoi</strong> (barrel, cask) in Romanian, <strong>buta</strong> (butt, cask, stock, stocky person) in Irish, and <strong>búča</strong> (pumpkin, squash, head) in Slovenian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buttis#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Words for bottle in Old English included:</p> <ul> <li><strong>flasce</strong> [ˈflɑs.ke] (bottle, flask), which comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*flaskǭ</em> (flask, bottle), lives on as <strong>flask</strong> in English, and is related the German word <strong>Flasche</strong> (bottle, flask, flagon), <strong>fles</strong> (bottle) in Dutch, and <strong>flaska</strong> (bottle) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flasce#Old_English">source</a>].</li> <li><strong>ampella</strong> [ˈɑm.pel.lɑ] (flask, bottle, flagon, vial), which comes from Proto-West Germanic <em>*ampullā</em> (flask), from Latin <em>ampulla</em> (a two-handled vessel with a swollen middle), from <em>amphora</em> (a large vessel, especially one made of clay with two handles used for storing and transporting wine and oil), from Ancient Greek <em>ἀμφορεύς</em> (amphoreús – jar with a narrow neck, amphora). It lives on as <strong>ampoule</strong> in English [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ampella#Old_English">source</a>].</li> </ul> <p>A related word in German is <strong>Ampel</strong>, which can refer to a traffic light, a ceiling lamp or a container which hangs from the ceiling (for a plant, etc.) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ampel#German">source</a>]</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content 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(español)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=boot" rel="tag">boot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=bottle" rel="tag">bottle</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=butler" rel="tag">butler</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=butt" rel="tag">butt</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3773#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3730" class="post-3730 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-danish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-icelandic category-italian category-language category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-norse-dnsk-tunga category-podcast category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-swedish tag-etymology tag-feather tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-wind tag-wing tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3730" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Windy Wings</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3730" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-01-04T14:58:02+00:00">4th January 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-01-04T14:58:24+00:00">4th January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Windy Wings" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-01-04T14:58:02+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M12S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between the words wing, wind and feather. A wing [wɪŋ] is: An appendage of an animal's (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly. A fin at the side of a ray or similar fish. Part of an a..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.4" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_4519"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3730-4" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3?_=4" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3730-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="windywings.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between the words <strong>wing</strong>, <strong>wind</strong> and <strong>feather</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/aarmo/43739697352/in/photolist-29D8o9Y-6VkBMq-24gxYB9-27x3Zc7-26yqaN8-22qs5vq-25zc2fz-EPZf95-GykLfF-24NWFJ8-p2qrAe-RAknTL-QReFRo-Ya8n6W-26bRva1-2982LzU-6xSCwA-DZtvgM-neUfHa-6VkC77-2aHC8TL-GHaXWd-K2RNk4-dwJdMz-ZGbNXY-CjUv2F-TMi62M-zTCDyU-y3BbWG-25nkvND-5XneGT-jd3FS-FFsCuy-6VkzJo-EBH769-xaMNZd-23xk2qX-9gbvri-GC6kK3-UJZTDx-ZvFnur-ZJGHau-b58mYi-CsQqHu-CYXHH8-rfV3Yt-22Wiabv-24gK8Kh-qoXWgx-rFh1Uy" title="Soaring gull"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/1835/43739697352_47ae802f71_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Soaring gull"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>A <strong>wing</strong> [wɪŋ] is:</p> <ul> <li>An appendage of an animal’s (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly. </li> <li>A fin at the side of a ray or similar fish.</li> <li>Part of an aircraft that produces the lift for rising into the air. <em>(other meanings are available</em>)</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>winge / wenge</em> [ˈwinɡ(ə) / ˈwɛnɡ(ə)] (wing, flank of an army, shelter, refuge), from Old Norse <em>vængr</em> [ˈwɛ̃ːŋɡr̩] (wing), possibly from Proto-Germanic <em>*wēingijaz</em>, from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h₂weh₁-</em> (to blow) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wing#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Old Norse root include <strong>vinge</strong> (wing) in Danish, <strong>vængur</strong> (wing) in Icelandic, and <strong>vinge</strong> (wing) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%A6ngr#Old_Norse">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE root possibly include <strong>aeroplane</strong>, <strong>athlete</strong>, <strong>fan</strong>, <strong>vent</strong>, and <strong>weather</strong> in English, <strong>waaien</strong> (to blow, be windy, wave) in Dutch, <strong>vento</strong> (wind) Italian, and <strong>vent</strong> (wind, flatulence, empty words) in French [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82weh%E2%82%81-">source</a>].</p> <p>The English word <strong>wind</strong> [wɪnd] also comes from the same roots, via Middle English <em>wynd / wind</em> [wi(ː)nd] (wind), from Old English <em>wind</em> [wind] (wind, flatulence), from Proto-West-Germanic <em>*wind</em> (wind from Proto-Germanic <em>*windaz</em> [ˈwin.dɑz] (wind) from Proto-Indo-European <em>h₂wéh₁n̥ts</em> (blowing, that which blows, air, wind), from <em>*h₂weh₁-</em> (to blow) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wind#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, ityn Old Englsh, a word for <strong>wing</strong> was <em>fiþre</em> [ˈfiθ.re], which was displaced by the Old Norse <em>vængr</em> (wing). It comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*fiþriją</em> [ɸi.θri.jɑ̃] (feathers, plummage, wing) from Proto-Indo-European <em>*péth₂r̥ / pth₂én-</em> (wing, feather), from <em>*peth₂-</em> (to fly). It became em>feþer / fether</em> (feather) in Middle English, and <strong>feather</strong> in modern English. [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fi%C3%BEre#Old_English">source</a>].</p> <p>By the way, Happy New Year! Blwyddyn newydd dda! Bonne année ! ¡Feliz Año Nuevo! 新年快樂！新年快乐！ Felice anno nuovo! 新年おめでとうございます! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit! Bliadhna mhath ùr! Blein Vie Noa! Ein gutes neues Jahr! Feliĉan novan jaron! Поздравляю с Новым Годом! Šťastný nový rok! Godt nytår! Gott nytt år! La Mulți Ani! 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category-latin category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba category-middle-english category-occitan category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-french-franceis category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-spanish category-swedish category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-language tag-linguistics tag-omniglot tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3642" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Grinding Pebbles</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3642" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T21:07:01+00:00">9th November 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-11-11T14:20:57+00:00">11th November 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Grinding Pebbles" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-11-09T21:07:01+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M23S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode of the Celtic Pathways podcast, we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for gravel in English and other languages. Gravel [ˈɡɹævəl] is small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballas..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.0" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_4520"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3642-5" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3?_=5" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3642-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="grindingpebbles.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode of the Celtic Pathways podcast, we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for <strong>gravel</strong> in English and other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/darinmarshall/12547168/in/photolist-27iQu-BmtWKw-cPWUsu-piaWrC-5fJiLD-5fJim4-a8Q7CG-bMcxv6-ftVV8L-gNivNy-bbwU1g-h6AJ1U-9mxe4n-42WtR-fyw8qx-8p5y4j-dfZV1Q-6Qv7rN-kYvcpk-cdVSiL-byhS6s-8J54Nt-49YCvc-4qSWLV-5MVDUm-nEbaoR-6jWL38-gv3eJ-73iGzN-9AXiUS-nWDLWH-KnCR-5a56Qm-uPeD9-J3Mn5-nEamcu-cbASx1-s2P5CW-86diCA-cVvnRf-59Kyy7-Huins-6q94iJ-8vYm4N-2quR9-LEGRU-96t7o8-4LzQTS-j8N3wP-9zUErP" title="Roof Gravel"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/10/12547168_adadb92964_z.jpg" width="640" height="470" alt="Roof Gravel"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Gravel</strong> [ˈɡɹævəl] is small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballast, and other things (other meanings are available).</p> <p>It comes from Middle English <strong>gravel / gravail(le)</strong> (sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles), from Old French <em>gravele</em> (gravel), a diminutive of <em>grave</em> (gravel, seashore), from Medieval Latin <em>grava</em>, possibly from Gaulish <em>grava</em>, from Proto-Celtic <em>grāwā</em> (gravel, pebbles), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*gʰroh₁weh₂</em>, from <em>*gʰreh₁w-</em> (to grind) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gravel#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots in the modern Celtic languages include <strong>gro</strong> (gravel, shingle, gravelly shore, strand) in Welsh, <strong>grow</strong> (gravel) in Cornish, and <strong>grouan</strong> (gravel) in Breton [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gr%C4%81w%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>For more details of words for <strong>gravel</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2024/11/11/gritty-gravel/">Gritty Gravel</a>.</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots in the non-Celtic languages include <strong>grava</strong> (gravel) in Catalan, <strong>grève</strong> (flat, sandy land along the sea or a large river) in French, <strong>grava</strong> (gravel) in Spanish, and <strong>grave</strong> (gravel, shore, gravelly ground) in Occitan [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gr%C4%81w%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots in other languages include: <strong>grit</strong>, <strong>groat</strong>, <strong>grout</strong> and <strong>gruel</strong> in English, <strong>Grieß</strong> (semolina) in German, <strong>grjót</strong> (coarse stones, rubble) in Icelandic, <strong>gryt</strong> (a badger’s sett, a fox’s den) in Swedish, <strong>riutta</strong> (reef) in Finnish, and <strong>grúodas</strong> (frozen mud or earth) in Lithuanian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/greut%C4%85">source</a>]. </p> <p>Incidentally, one Old English word for gravel was <em>ċeosol</em> [ˈtʃeo.sol], which comes from Proto-West-Germanic <em>*kesul</em> (small stone, pebble). This became <strong>chisel</strong> and <strong>chessil</strong> (gravel or pebbles) in modern English, and is cognate with <strong>Kiesel</strong> (pebble) in German, <strong>kiezel</strong> (pebble, flint, silicon) in Dutch, and <strong>kisel</strong> (silicon) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ceosol#Old_English">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3642" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Grinding Pebbles"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3642&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Grinding%20Pebbles" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=125" rel="category">Finnish (suomi)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=29" rel="category">Icelandic (Íslenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=156" rel="category">Lithuanian (lietuvių kalba)</a>, <a 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href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3642#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3626" class="post-3626 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-italian category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-french-franceis category-proto-indo-european category-proto-italic category-proto-west-germanic"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3626" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Weaving Text</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3626" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-02T14:46:43+00:00">2nd November 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-11-03T12:49:26+00:00">3rd November 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Weaving Text" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-11-02T14:46:43+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M54S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we unweave the origins of the word text. A text [tɛkst] is: A writing consisting of multiple glyphs, characters, symbols or sentences. A book, tome or other set of writings. A brief written message transmitted bet..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/text.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.0" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_4521"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3626-6" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/text.mp3?_=6" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/text.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/text.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/text.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3626-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/text.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="text.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we unweave the origins of the word <strong>text</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/leticiaroncero/25152678111/in/photolist-EjE3TZ-MefhBN-skqVYC-FXVSPQ-4KGT6-99B8hN-q1q8ke-rhzHf1-82Y9n8-9CmtBW-8Vxwd2-6tPTRZ-8KganL-A84Goj-3kEAac-qoaLFC-qa22uS-yhqoNh-7PMWgX-5wKyoy-7JMzz3-phCrYB-8UuKLe-6o1rB6-jpoC53-hfaKiu-EdDWv-cxMVmy-Fnpwif-KiQkpS-3SJBRX-9cCxgE-suUevc-QnaLfr-Em7wkT-dnvt2x-gVH9aJ-aUhGLz-brggmm-5EG6mP-qxgRBe-Dzvy3Q-NU8eui-PmUXb1-FgMkag-reV6yh-oH77BS-znavW-21bzHaa-MtHBMP" title="afternoon reads"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/1478/25152678111_a06167ba21_z.jpg" width="640" height="438" alt="afternoon reads"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>A <strong>text</strong> [tɛkst] is:</p> <ul> <li>A writing consisting of multiple glyphs, characters, symbols or sentences.</li> <li>A book, tome or other set of writings.</li> <li>A brief written message transmitted between mobile phones. <em>(other meanings are available</em>)</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>text</em>, from Old French <em>texte</em> (text), from Latin <em>textus</em> (woven, texture, structure, tissue, connection), from <em>texō</em> (to weave, knit, plait, intertwine), from Proto-Italic <em>*teksō</em>, from Proto-Indo-European <em>*tḗtḱ-ti</em> (to create, produce, cut, hew) or <em>*teḱ-se-t</em>, both of which come from <em>*teḱ-</em> (to sire, beget) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/term#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>architect</strong>, <strong>context</strong>, <strong>subtle</strong>, <strong>technical</strong>, <strong>textile</strong> and <strong>texture</strong> in English, <strong>tisser</strong> (to weave, plait) in French, <strong>tessere</strong> (to weave, plot) in Italian, and <strong>tekst</strong> (text, lyrics) in Dutch [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/te%E1%B8%B1-">source</a>].</p> <p>In Old English, one word for <strong>text</strong> was <em>traht</em> [trɑxt], which also means passage, exposition, treatise or commentary. It comes from <em>traht(n)ian</em> (to treat, comment on, expound, consider), from Proto-West-Germanic <em>*trahtōn</em> (to consider, think of, strive for, seek, discuss), from Latin <em>tractō</em> (to tug, drag, handle, discuss) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/traht#Old_English">source</a>]. The modern English word <strong>tract</strong> (A small booklet such as a pamphlet, often for promotional or informational uses; a treatise or discourse on a subject) comes from the same roots [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tract">source</a>]. </p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3626" data-a2a-title="Adventures in Etymology – Weaving Text"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3626&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Weaving%20Text" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3626&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Weaving%20Text" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3626&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Weaving%20Text" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=98" rel="category">Adventures in Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=109" rel="category">Old French (Franceis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=133" rel="category">Proto-Italic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=119" rel="category">Proto-West-Germanic</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3626#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3613" class="post-3613 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancient-greek- category-breton category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-danish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-finnish-suomi category-gaulish category-german category-irish category-language category-latin category-manx category-music category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-swedish category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3613" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Oaken Larches</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3613" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-26T14:32:02+00:00">26th October 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-10-26T14:33:14+00:00">26th October 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Oaken Larches" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-10-26T14:32:02+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M16S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for larch (tree) in various non-Celtic languages. A larch [ˈlɑːtʃ/ˈlɑɹtʃ] is a confierous tree of the genus Larix having deciduous leaves in fascicles (bundles). The most common type o..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.4" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_4522"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3613-7" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3?_=7" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3613-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="oakenlarches.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for <strong>larch</strong> (tree) in various non-Celtic languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/superdove/39870338794/in/photolist-23KcUEo-ztvVoC-db2dk8-2m73nzd-db2aTV-db2huJ-F9feA2-TcHPrj-dzE86X-7XUXMH-wkCZTk-zJZW6Y-eez89q-7XYdqb-r3r1e8-F7JWGg-zLMXrE-25Pm1bz-dzKCWW-6WK7Zy-yRFbHi-2i661mT-2jN1xo8-763k68-SbA7D8-SRz2J1-tAWSyh-Tryhk8-zu1QK3-2o1iJVp-AMSCed-7ShZPa-9D2G9D-HwfDiV-AjtmNw-tTx8H6-Hwf9mY-6WK7c1-FawhbW-njyE7c-7SmgQN-dzKBjY-dzE9CP-dzE8WM-9mbqQV-TgpinQ-24rgiH-7VLCRG-zMya6Z-e6rbT" title="Walk In A Larch Wood"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/4662/39870338794_0156c90dd3_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Walk In A Larch Wood"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>A <strong>larch</strong> [ˈlɑːtʃ/ˈlɑɹtʃ] is a confierous tree of the genus <em>Larix</em> having deciduous leaves in fascicles (bundles). The most common type of larch tree in Europe is the <strong>European larch</strong> (<em>Larix decidua</em>), which is native to northern Italy. Other types of larch are availble.</p> <p>The English word <strong>larch</strong> comes from early modern German <em>Larche/Lärche</em>, from Middle High German <em>larche</em>, from Old High German <em>larihha</em>, from Latin <em>larix</em> (larch), from Ancient Greek <em>λάριξ</em> (lárix – larch, Venice turpentine*), possibly from Gaulish <em>*devro</em> (oak?) from Proto-Celtic <em>*daru</em> (oak), from PIE <em>*dóru</em> (tree) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/larch#English">source</a>].</p> <p><em><strong>*Venice turpentine</strong> = A thick substance made from the tree resin of the European larch (<em>Larix decidua</em>), formerly used as a component in the oil paintings to create glossy, translucent glazes [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Venice_turpentine#English">source</a>].</em></p> <p>Words in the modern Celtic languages from the same Proto-Celtic root include: <strong>dair</strong> [d̪ˠaɾʲ] (oak) in Irish, <strong>dair</strong> [darʲ] (oak) in Scottish Gaelic, <strong>darragh</strong> (oak) in Manx, <strong>dâr</strong> [ˈdaːr] (oak tree, leader, mighty lord) in Welsh, <strong>dar</strong> [daːr / dæːr] (oak) in Cornish, and <strong>dar</strong> [dɑːr] (oak) in Breton [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/daru">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root in other languages include: <strong>làrix</strong> in Catalan, <strong>lariks</strong> in Dutch <strong>learag</strong> in Scottish Gaelic, <strong>larch</strong> in English, <strong>Lärche</strong> in German, and <strong>lærk</strong> in Danish, all of which mean <strong>larch</strong> (tree) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/larix#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, the French word <strong>mélèze</strong> (larch) has doubly Celtic roots: it comes from Franco-Provençal (Dauphinois) <em>melèzo</em> (larch tree), from Vulgar Latin <em>*melice</em> (larch), from Gaulish <em>*mel-</em> (larch) and Latin <em>larix</em> (larch). The Gaulish word <em>*mel-</em> comes from Proto-Celtic <em>*meli</em> (honey) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/m%C3%A9l%C3%A8ze">source</a>]. </p> <p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>δόρυ</strong> (dóry – spear) in Greek, <strong>terva</strong> (tar) in Finnish, <strong>dearbh</strong> (sure, certain) in Irish, <strong>tree</strong>, <strong>trim</strong>, and <strong>trough</strong> and <strong>true</strong> in English, and <strong>trä</strong> (wood) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/d%C3%B3ru">source</a>]. </p> <p>See the Celtiadur post <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2019/08/21/oaks/">Oak (trees)</a> for more details of words for <strong>oak</strong> and related things in Celtic languages. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3613" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Oaken Larches"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3613&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Oaken%20Larches" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=31" rel="category">Danish (dansk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=125" rel="category">Finnish (suomi)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3613#comments">2 Comments</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3582" class="post-3582 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-czech category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-german category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-music category-old-french-franceis category-podcast category-proto-indo-european category-proto-italic tag-etymology tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-origin tag-podcast tag-random tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3582" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Random Origins</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3582" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-05T15:57:41+00:00">5th October 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-10-05T16:37:34+00:00">5th October 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Random Origins" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-10-05T15:57:41+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M25S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we're looking into the origins of the word origin, and randomly looking at the word random. A random and original rowing boat Origin [ˈɒɹ.ɪ.dʒɪn/ˈɔɹ.ɪ.dʒɪn] is: The beginning of something The source of a river, in..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/randomorigins.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.6" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_4523"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3582-8" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/randomorigins.mp3?_=8" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/randomorigins.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/randomorigins.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/randomorigins.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3582-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/randomorigins.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="randomorigins.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we’re looking into the origins of the word <strong>origin</strong>, and randomly looking at the word <strong>random</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/53661906977/in/dateposted/" title="Armadale"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/53661906977_b75d2c590e_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Armadale"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script><br /> <em>A random and original rowing boat</em></p> <p><strong>Origin</strong> [ˈɒɹ.ɪ.dʒɪn/ˈɔɹ.ɪ.dʒɪn] is:</p> <ul> <li>The beginning of something</li> <li>The source of a river, information, goods, etc</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>origyne</em> [ɔˈridʒin(ə)] (origin, lineage, provenance), from Old French <em>or(ig)ine</em> [ɔˈɾinə] (origin, lineage, heritage, breeding), from Latin <em>orīginem</em> from <em>orīgō</em> [ɔˈriːɡoː] (beginning, origin, source, birth), from <em>orior</em> (to rise, get up, appear, be born), from Proto-Italic <em>*orjōr</em> (to rise, get up), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h₃er-</em> (to move, rise, spring) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/origin#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>earn</strong> <strong>earnest</strong>, <strong>orient</strong>, <strong>random</strong>, <strong>run</strong> and <strong>yearn</strong> in English, <strong>rennen</strong> [rɛ.nə(n)] (to run) in Dutch, <strong>rinnen</strong> [ˈʁɪnən] (to flow, leak, run, trickle) in German, and <strong>ruch</strong> [rux] (movement, traffic) in Czech [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%83er-">source</a>].</p> <p>The name <strong>Ernest</strong> also comes from the same roots. It became popular in English in the 18th century, and is a version of the German name <strong>Ernst</strong>, which comes from Old High German <em>ernust</em> (serious), from Proto-Germanic <em>*ernustuz</em> (seriousness, earnest, strength, solidity, struggle, fight) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ernest#English">source</a>]. </p> <p>Incidentally, the English word <strong>random</strong> (as a noun) originally meant speed or force, then came to refer to a range of a bullet or other projectile; a roving motion; a course without definite direction; a lack of rule or method, and chance [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/random#English">source</a>]. </p> <p>As an adjective, it can mean occurring for no particular reason; haphazard; unpredictable; involving an outcome which is impossible to prediect; arbitary; unspecified; diverse or unexpected. In slang, it can refer to anything that is out of the ordinary, odd, strange or bizarre; a person who acts or says random things, or an undefined, unknown or unimportant person.</p> <p>I hope this podcast hasn’t been too random, and I randomly decided to add a theme tune this time – it’s an original one I wrote a while ago called <a href="https://soundcloud.com/simon-ager/the-unexpected-badger">The Unexpected Badger / Y Mochyn Daear Annisgwyl</a>. You can hear the whole thing here:</p> <p><iframe loading="lazy" width="100%" height="166" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" allow="autoplay" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/339162597&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true"></iframe></p> <div style="font-size: 10px; color: #cccccc;line-break: anywhere;word-break: normal;overflow: hidden;white-space: nowrap;text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Interstate,Lucida Grande,Lucida Sans Unicode,Lucida Sans,Garuda,Verdana,Tahoma,sans-serif;font-weight: 100;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/simon-ager" title="Simon Ager" target="_blank" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener">Simon Ager</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/simon-ager/the-unexpected-badger" title="The Unexpected Badger / Y Mochyn Daear Annisgwyl" target="_blank" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener">The Unexpected Badger / Y Mochyn Daear Annisgwyl</a></div> <p>Are there random words with similar random meanings in other languages?</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3582" data-a2a-title="Adventures in Etymology – Random Origins"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3582&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Random%20Origins" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3582&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Random%20Origins" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3582&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Random%20Origins" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=98" rel="category">Adventures in Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=33" rel="category">Czech (čeština)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=109" rel="category">Old French (Franceis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=133" rel="category">Proto-Italic</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=origin" rel="tag">origin</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=random" rel="tag">random</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3582#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3570" class="post-3570 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-afrikaans category-albanian-shqip category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-greek- category-irish category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-geneva tag-genoa tag-jeans tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3570" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Jeans</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3570" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-28T15:11:32+00:00">28th September 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-28T16:17:18+00:00">28th September 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Jeans" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-09-28T15:11:32+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M03S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of the word jeans, and also the place names Genoa and Geneva. Jeans are trousers made from denim cotton, traditionally dyed dark blue, and also known as blue jeans. The word jeans is an abbrevi..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/jeans.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.2" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_4524"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3570-9" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/jeans.mp3?_=9" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/jeans.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/jeans.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/jeans.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3570-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/jeans.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="jeans.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of the word <strong>jeans</strong>, and also the place names <strong>Genoa</strong> and <strong>Geneva</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/russ2020/16739377478/in/photolist-rvcFJw-734gcT-99kG9r-22BxJQ-47WRPT-qLMY6i-4ofaBw-75Z1Xz-bC8sbt-734eec-7342Jn-734kDM-9aqaNM-Zf6ojF-738eHy-rvdPKb-c3VGB-bKuGLD-75YQqk-bKuJyX-734pb8-3EhmmP-9zvdEx-aLoUu6-c3ZrQQ-738cQ5-aq3tgx-bu95wb-fG93QV-aq67ZG-c3ZL7U-5DBkD-c3ZrTj-734aBc-aEidc6-738jeW-FZe9FV-734p7F-bwA2gj-6uLupe-UjKL-bKuJN6-bwzYBw-87nPiu-iPE8m5-xSZ7EJ-c3ZtoL-vxnFsD-3bSg6e-c3ZFN3" title="Boots and Jeans"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/8717/16739377478_0f0c900cae_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Boots and Jeans"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Jeans</strong> are trousers made from denim cotton, traditionally dyed dark blue, and also known as <strong>blue jeans</strong>. The word <strong>jeans</strong> is an abbreviation of <strong>jean fustian</strong>, from Middle English <em>Gene</em> (Genoa, Genovese) and <em>fustian</em> (a strong cotton fabric) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jeans#English">source</a>]. </p> <p><em>Gene</em> comes from Latin <em>Genua</em> (Genoa), which like <strong>Geneva</strong>, possibly comes from the Proto-Celtic <em>*genwā</em> ([river] bend) from PIE <em>*ǵénw-eh₂</em>, from <em>*ǵónu</em> (knee), which is also the root of the Proto-Celtic word <em>*glūnos</em> (knee) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/%C7%B5%C3%B3nu">source</a>]. </p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>glúin</strong> [ɡl̪ˠuːnʲ] = knee, generation, step, node in Irish</li> <li><strong>glùin</strong> [ɡl̪ˠuːn̪ʲ] = knee, generation, lap in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>glioon</strong> [ɡlʲuːnʲ] = joint, knee in Manx</li> <li><strong>glin</strong> [ɡliːn] = knee in Welsh</li> <li><strong>glin</strong> [ɡliːn] = knee in Cornish</li> <li><strong>glin</strong> [ɡlĩːn] = knee in Breton</li> </ul> <p>Other words from the same PIE roots include <strong>genuflect</strong> (to bend the knee, grovel) and <strong>knee</strong> in English; <strong>genou</strong> (knee) in French; <strong>knie</strong> (knee) in Dutch and Afrikaans; <strong>gju</strong> [ɟu/ɡjũː] (knee) in Albanian, and <strong>γόνατο</strong> [ˈɣɔnatɔ] (knee) in Greek [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/%C7%B5%C3%B3nu">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, the <strong>k</strong> in <strong>knee</strong> was pronounced in Middle Engish <em>kne</em> [kneː] and Old English <em>cnēow</em> [kne͜oːw] [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kne#Middle_English">source</a>], and also in Early Modern English until about the 16th or 17th century, when it quietly disappeared in speech [<a href="https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/151054/why-is-the-k-silent-in-know-and-knotty-etc">source</a>].</p> <p>See the Celtiadur post <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2020/12/19/knees/">Knees</a> for more details of words for <strong>knee</strong> and related things in Celtic languages. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3570" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Jeans"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3570&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Jeans" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3570#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3557" class="post-3557 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancient-greek- category-anglo-norman-norman category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-german category-italian category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-french-franceis category-podcast category-polish-polski category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-spanish"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3557" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Swan</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3557" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-21T14:07:05+00:00">21st September 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-21T14:26:55+00:00">21st September 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Swan" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-09-21T14:07:05+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M42S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology we're looking into the origins of the word swan. A swan [swɒn/swɑn] is: Any of various species of large, long-necked waterfowl, of genus Cygnus (bird family: Anatidae), most of which have white plumage. One whose g..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.8" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_4525"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3557-10" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3?_=10" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3557-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="swans.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology we’re looking into the origins of the word <strong>swan</strong>.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/videos/swans2.jpg" width="630" height="354" alt="Swan" /></p> <p>A <strong>swan</strong> [swɒn/swɑn] is:</p> <ul> <li>Any of various species of large, long-necked waterfowl, of genus <em>Cygnus</em> (bird family: <em>Anatidae</em>), most of which have white plumage.</li> <li>One whose grace etc. suggests a swan.</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>swan</em> [swan] (swan, swan meat), from Old English <em>swan</em> [swɑn] (swan), from Proto-West-Germanic <em>*swan</em> (swan) from Proto-Germanic <em>*swanaz</em> [ˈswɑ.nɑz] (swan, literally “the singing bird”), probably Proto-Indo-European <em>*swenh₂-</em> (to sound) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/swan#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>sound</strong>, <strong>sonnet</strong> and <strong>sonata</strong> in English, <strong>zwaan</strong> [zʋaːn] (swan) in Dutch, <strong>Schwan</strong> [ʃvaːn] (swan, the constellation Cygnus) in German, <strong>sonar</strong> [soˈnaɾ] (to sound, ring) in Spanish, <strong>suonàre</strong> [swoˈna.re] (to play [an instrument], to sound, to ring) in Italian, and possibly <strong>dzwon</strong> [dzvɔn] (bell) in Polish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/seh%E2%82%82-">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, the English word <strong>sonar</strong>, as in a device that uses hydrophones to locate objects underwater, is an acronym of <strong>So</strong>und <strong>N</strong>avigation and <strong>R</strong>anging, and was coined by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Vinton_Hunt">Frederick Vinton Hunt</a>, an American inventor, scientist and professor of acoustic engineering at Havard University in 1942. </p> <p>Initially, the name ‘bearing and deviation indicator’ (BDI) was used for the system developed by Hunt and his team at the Harvard Underwater Sound Laboratory in 1941. The Navy Bureau of Ships asked him to come up with a more interesting name to make the job of an acoustic ranging technician sound more glamorous. He suggested <strong>SONAR</strong>, and said that it stood for <strong>So</strong>und <strong>N</strong>avigation and <strong>R</strong>anging – so it is in fact a backronym (an acronym based on an existing word) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sonar#English">source</a>].</p> <p>By the way, an adult male swan is a <strong>cob</strong>, which comes from Middle English <em>cobbe</em> (male swan, gang leader, bully) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cob#English">source</a>]. An adult female swan is a <strong>pen</strong>, the origins of which are uncertain [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pen#English">source</a>], and a baby swan is a <strong>cygnet</strong>, which comes from Middle English <em>signet</em> (a young swan), from Anglo-Norman <em>cignet</em>, a diminutive of Old French <em>cigne</em> (swan), from Latin <em>cycnus</em> [ky.knus] (swan, [singing] poet), from Ancient Greek <em>κύκνος</em> (kúknos – swan, a type of ship) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cygnet#English">source</a>]. Baby swans are also known as <strong>swanlings</strong> [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/swanling#English">source</a>].</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container 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