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Particularly I'm working with settlement evidence, and the analysis of prehistoric material culture to study practices and to infer the mobility of new ideas, objects and people. Now learning about archaeological soil micromorphology and biogeochemistry to better understand subsistence practices and settlement activities.\n\nFrom August 2018 onwards I'm working as a postdoc researcher at Kiel University within the SFB1266 programme. I'm working on Late Neolithic transformation processes in Northwest Europe.\n\nBetween November 2014 and July 2018 I was a PhD researcher at Kiel University (CAU). My thesis is published as 'Embracing Bell Beaker. Adopting new ideas and objects across Europe during the later 3rd millennium BC (c. 2600-2000 BC)' (Leiden: Sidestone Press, 2019). \n\nBetween September 2010 and September 2013 I worked at the Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency (Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed), as a researcher for later prehistoric (Late Neolithic - Iron Age) archaeology in the Netherlands. After this, I did research into the Bronze Age cultural landscape in the coastal dunes in North Holland, culminating in a book and several spin-off articles.\n\nI did my BA and MA in archaeology at Leiden University. During my studies I participated in the Stonehenge Riverside Project excavations (2007 and 2008), I undertook an Erasmus-exchange to Sheffield (2008-2009) and I worked as a student assistant at DANS (Data Archiving for Dutch Archaeology, 2009-2010).","image":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61854/17616/15389775/s200_jos.kleijne.jpg","thumbnailUrl":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61854/17616/15389775/s65_jos.kleijne.jpg","primaryImageOfPage":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61854/17616/15389775/s200_jos.kleijne.jpg","width":200},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/jos.kleijne","http://nl.linkedin.com/pub/jos-kleijne/14/748/7a2/","https://twitter.com/JKleijne"],"relatedLink":"https://www.academia.edu/122737861/No_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_waste_management_among_hunter_gatherer_fishers_at_Ri%C5%86%C5%86ukalns_Latvia_5400_3200_BC_"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" 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[{"id":370838,"link":"https://www.facebook.com/jos.kleijne","name":"Facebook","link_domain":"www.facebook.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=www.facebook.com"},{"id":370839,"link":"http://nl.linkedin.com/pub/jos-kleijne/14/748/7a2/","name":"Linkedin","link_domain":"nl.linkedin.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=nl.linkedin.com"},{"id":3934853,"link":"https://twitter.com/JKleijne","name":"Twitter","link_domain":"twitter.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=twitter.com"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne","location":"/JosKleijne","scheme":"https","host":"rug.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/JosKleijne","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-eee92ec9-5b62-4143-be25-1d8c92032b91"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-eee92ec9-5b62-4143-be25-1d8c92032b91"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jos Kleijne" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/61854/17616/15389775/s200_jos.kleijne.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Jos Kleijne</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://rug.academia.edu/">University of Groningen</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://rug.academia.edu/Departments/Groningen_Institute_of_Archaeology/Documents">Groningen Institute of Archaeology</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Post-Doc</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://rug.academia.edu/">University of Groningen</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://rug.academia.edu/Departments/Archaeology/Documents">Archaeology</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Post-Doc</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Jos" data-follow-user-id="61854" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="61854"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">911</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">1,186</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">46</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">My main interest is on the archaeology of prehistoric farming communities between the 4th and 2nd millennium BC. Particularly I'm working with settlement evidence, and the analysis of prehistoric material culture to study practices and to infer the mobility of new ideas, objects and people. Now learning about archaeological soil micromorphology and biogeochemistry to better understand subsistence practices and settlement activities.<br /><br />From August 2018 onwards I'm working as a postdoc researcher at Kiel University within the SFB1266 programme. I'm working on Late Neolithic transformation processes in Northwest Europe.<br /><br />Between November 2014 and July 2018 I was a PhD researcher at Kiel University (CAU). My thesis is published as 'Embracing Bell Beaker. Adopting new ideas and objects across Europe during the later 3rd millennium BC (c. 2600-2000 BC)' (Leiden: Sidestone Press, 2019). <br /><br />Between September 2010 and September 2013 I worked at the Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency (Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed), as a researcher for later prehistoric (Late Neolithic - Iron Age) archaeology in the Netherlands. After this, I did research into the Bronze Age cultural landscape in the coastal dunes in North Holland, culminating in a book and several spin-off articles.<br /><br />I did my BA and MA in archaeology at Leiden University. During my studies I participated in the Stonehenge Riverside Project excavations (2007 and 2008), I undertook an Erasmus-exchange to Sheffield (2008-2009) and I worked as a student assistant at DANS (Data Archiving for Dutch Archaeology, 2009-2010).<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><h3 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Related Authors</h3></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list" data-nosnippet="true"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://nysed.academia.edu/JohnPHart"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="John P Hart related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/5751/2220/18636756/s200_john.hart.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://nysed.academia.edu/JohnPHart">John P Hart</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">New York State Museum</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/DorianFuller"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Dorian Q Fuller related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/28295/9222/222915/s200_dorian.fuller.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/DorianFuller">Dorian Q Fuller</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University College London</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://uu.academia.edu/KimCohen"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Kim M Cohen related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/31840/10277/9694/s200_kim.cohen.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://uu.academia.edu/KimCohen">Kim M Cohen</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Utrecht University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://univ-montp3.academia.edu/OlivierLEMERCIER"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Olivier LEMERCIER related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/56019/16608/149478246/s200_olivier.lemercier.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://univ-montp3.academia.edu/OlivierLEMERCIER">Olivier LEMERCIER</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Université Paul Valéry - 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js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61854">View All (30)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61854" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne","location":"/JosKleijne","scheme":"https","host":"rug.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/JosKleijne","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Prehistoric Archaeology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-793f4923-b5e2-41c5-8c7c-3e8590c9a189"></div> <div 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none;"><span>2</span> Book Chapter</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>4</span> Papers</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers and book chapters" id="Papers and book chapters"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers and book chapters by Jos Kleijne</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115484459"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115484459/Een_zoektocht_naar_de_kokerbijl_uit_Velsen_prov_Noord_Holland_Nederland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Een zoektocht naar de kokerbijl uit Velsen (prov. Noord-Holland, Nederland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111878670/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115484459/Een_zoektocht_naar_de_kokerbijl_uit_Velsen_prov_Noord_Holland_Nederland">Een zoektocht naar de kokerbijl uit Velsen (prov. Noord-Holland, Nederland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lunula</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Someone asked me once: "are you sure this particular socketed axe, you published before, came fro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Someone asked me once: "are you sure this particular socketed axe, you published before, came from there?" What followed was a deep dive into all the possible options, searching archives, and asking all the people who might know this find. Spoiler: we had little to no result. So that's it, the axe is missing, no-one knows where/when/by whom exactly it was found, but it could have been found in Velsen..</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="007980d6403748fd88d8f748b75891c6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111878670,"asset_id":115484459,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111878670/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115484459"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115484459"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115484459; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115484459]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115484459]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115484459; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115484459']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "007980d6403748fd88d8f748b75891c6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115484459]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115484459,"title":"Een zoektocht naar de kokerbijl uit Velsen (prov. 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Evidence for communal waste management among hunter-gatherer-fishers at Riņņukalns, Latvia (5400-3200 BC)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110622923/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113737615/No_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_waste_management_among_hunter_gatherer_fishers_at_Ri%C5%86%C5%86ukalns_Latvia_5400_3200_BC_">No time to waste. Evidence for communal waste management among hunter-gatherer-fishers at Riņņukalns, Latvia (5400-3200 BC)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://lu-lv.academia.edu/M%C4%81rcisKalni%C5%86%C5%A1">Mārcis Kalniņš</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Quaternary Environments and Humans</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study discusses waste management by mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer-fisher communities at Riņņu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study discusses waste management by mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer-fisher communities at Riņņukalns, on the Salaca river in Latvia. It combines microscopic analyses with geochemistry and radiocarbon dating. We observe natural landscape changes and human responses, with Mesolithic and earlier Middle Neolithic occupation on the backswamp. During the later Middle Neolithic, we see a pattern of selective deposition of waste categories (food waste, combustion waste, and excrements) as part of collective waste management practices, which led to the formation of a shell midden. Analysis of these waste layers provides an alternative perspective on subsistence practices and craft activities. A dump of ochre production waste illustrates the burning of iron-rich sediments to obtain this pigment. These later Middle Neolithic hunter-gatherer-fisher communities had a collective approach to waste and waste management. The shell midden, which was also used for funerary rituals, can be regarded as a persistent and significant place in the landscape of these, perhaps not so mobile, communities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5618fa02cc1aa8917fa38695b73e8411" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110622923,"asset_id":113737615,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110622923/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113737615"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113737615"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113737615; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113737615]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113737615]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113737615; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113737615']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5618fa02cc1aa8917fa38695b73e8411" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113737615]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113737615,"title":"No time to waste. Evidence for communal waste management among hunter-gatherer-fishers at Riņņukalns, Latvia (5400-3200 BC)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100003","issue":"1","volume":"2","abstract":"This study discusses waste management by mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer-fisher communities at Riņņukalns, on the Salaca river in Latvia. It combines microscopic analyses with geochemistry and radiocarbon dating. We observe natural landscape changes and human responses, with Mesolithic and earlier Middle Neolithic occupation on the backswamp. During the later Middle Neolithic, we see a pattern of selective deposition of waste categories (food waste, combustion waste, and excrements) as part of collective waste management practices, which led to the formation of a shell midden. Analysis of these waste layers provides an alternative perspective on subsistence practices and craft activities. 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Evidence for communal waste management among hunter-gatherer-fishers at Riņņukalns, Latvia (5400-3200 BC)"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":110622923,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110622923/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1_s2.0_S295023652400001X_main.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110622923/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"No_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_w.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/110622923/1_s2.0_S295023652400001X_main-libre.pdf?1705677358=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNo_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_w.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671783\u0026Signature=dzQn61M5ZwHGCJE~8OoJl1gNYtejHzkedjsU1KxCtdPbVnTgtI2Prs2kZZaFy4A0OOcXZefxrpb5qW~mD5NasejHf-N-bs6WRGg8-2ZhMJY1eYhIvBv4aTKP-9FtYXc~pNZh0cIssyo9PIqV1Mt9oB2pD6SfrNFHUCq0pbi1lf7hIawt1eb1EW4YzLUaGU~v46jgM~tuqxbnb57CfViCfXZT~L1S5S28sPkduEB1MYCDAlaVHcfzcphsMs~W98p8qD-qxrnqRaR08voQUR9ZL66VE5PJlOBH3gsHEwj5pGdGhO7IrFK0lr5zJQELmZQXOCOh8a6zn-CL0lwg8nUQAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"No_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_waste_management_among_hunter_gatherer_fishers_at_Riņņukalns_Latvia_5400_3200_BC_","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This study discusses waste management by mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer-fisher communities at Riņņukalns, on the Salaca river in Latvia. It combines microscopic analyses with geochemistry and radiocarbon dating. We observe natural landscape changes and human responses, with Mesolithic and earlier Middle Neolithic occupation on the backswamp. During the later Middle Neolithic, we see a pattern of selective deposition of waste categories (food waste, combustion waste, and excrements) as part of collective waste management practices, which led to the formation of a shell midden. Analysis of these waste layers provides an alternative perspective on subsistence practices and craft activities. A dump of ochre production waste illustrates the burning of iron-rich sediments to obtain this pigment. These later Middle Neolithic hunter-gatherer-fisher communities had a collective approach to waste and waste management. The shell midden, which was also used for funerary rituals, can be regarded as a persistent and significant place in the landscape of these, perhaps not so mobile, communities.","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":110622923,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110622923/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1_s2.0_S295023652400001X_main.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110622923/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"No_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_w.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/110622923/1_s2.0_S295023652400001X_main-libre.pdf?1705677358=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNo_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_w.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671783\u0026Signature=dzQn61M5ZwHGCJE~8OoJl1gNYtejHzkedjsU1KxCtdPbVnTgtI2Prs2kZZaFy4A0OOcXZefxrpb5qW~mD5NasejHf-N-bs6WRGg8-2ZhMJY1eYhIvBv4aTKP-9FtYXc~pNZh0cIssyo9PIqV1Mt9oB2pD6SfrNFHUCq0pbi1lf7hIawt1eb1EW4YzLUaGU~v46jgM~tuqxbnb57CfViCfXZT~L1S5S28sPkduEB1MYCDAlaVHcfzcphsMs~W98p8qD-qxrnqRaR08voQUR9ZL66VE5PJlOBH3gsHEwj5pGdGhO7IrFK0lr5zJQELmZQXOCOh8a6zn-CL0lwg8nUQAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4997,"name":"Mesolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":7325,"name":"Archaeological Soil Micromorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Soil_Micromorphology"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management"},{"id":41578,"name":"Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherer_Archaeology"},{"id":66892,"name":"Chronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronology"},{"id":70250,"name":"Archaeology of shell middens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_shell_middens"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-113737615-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108429832"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108429832/A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character_and_chronology_of_a_Late_Neolithic_shell_midden_in_the_western_Baltic"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A new perspective on Tegelbarg: character and chronology of a Late Neolithic shell midden in the western Baltic" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106816002/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108429832/A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character_and_chronology_of_a_Late_Neolithic_shell_midden_in_the_western_Baltic">A new perspective on Tegelbarg: character and chronology of a Late Neolithic shell midden in the western Baltic</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The site of Tegelbarg can be described as a Late Neolithic stratified occupation deposit, includi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The site of Tegelbarg can be described as a Late Neolithic stratified occupation deposit, including a shell midden, situated on the Baltic coast in Northern Europe. Spatially and temporally separated from its famous Danish counterparts, it presents an intriguing anomaly in a full-fledged agricultural society. We present a combined perspective on the chronology and the character of this occupation using archaeological soil micromorphology and the Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates. The earliest human presence predates the shell midden formation. A coffin grave, in which a crouched inhumation burial was placed, dates to the middle of the 3 rd millennium BC. The late 3 rd millennium BC occupants provided a flint dagger to this grave, up to two centuries later, as an act of remembrance. Subsequent settlement activities included the construction of hearths, the production of flint daggers, and the intensive use of coastal resources. The absence of fish bones can be explained by taphonomy, instead of prehistoric subsistence strategies. Landscape changes led to the site's abandonment and the start of peat development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-108429832-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-108429832-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373243/figure-1-map-of-mesolithic-and-neolithic-shell-middens-along"><img alt="Fig.1 Map of Mesolithic and Neolithic shell middens along the Atlantic Coast, including the Middle/Late Neolithic shell middens from Germany and the Netherlands (updated from Gutiérrez-Zugasti et al. 2011) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373252/figure-3-regional-soil-map-archaeology-map-taken-from"><img alt="a regional soil map/archaeology map taken from Meurers-Balke et al 1985, fig. 3 and fig. 10) Fig. 2 The location of the shell midden of Tegelbarg in Schleswig- Holstein (SRTM base-map, with topographic map (OpenStreetMap) of the regional topography and the site of Tegelbarg indicated, and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373259/figure-3-threshold-kia-kia-the-two-shell-dates-are-more"><img alt="5% threshold (KIA-43920/KIA-55748). The two shell dates are more problematic, as their 7-values are much higher, and therefore the two 2011 shell dates (KIA-43950 and KIA- 43952) are excluded. Concluding we state that most of the 2011-dates are acceptable. Therefore, six of the combined 2011-2021 dates are included in our Bayesian model. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373267/figure-4-north-profile-with-the-location-of-the-profile"><img alt="Fig.4 North profile with the location of the profile column used for micromorphology and radiocarbon dating (adapted from Hofgen 2018, Fig. 7) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373278/figure-5-overview-of-the-thin-sections-from-the-column-the"><img alt="Fig. 5 Overview of the thin sections from the column, the discerned microfacies and the location of Figs. 5—8 (note the duplicated slide 6 on the top of the profile, left is slide TEG19_006A, right is slide TEG19_006B) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373288/figure-6-new-perspective-on-tegelbarg-character-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373293/figure-7-groundmass-with-spongy-mull-fabric-quartz-grains"><img alt="Fig. 7 Groundmass G2 with a spongy mull fabric, quartz grains, clay coatings, and both charred and uncharred organic matter (probably a more recent rootlet) Fig.8 Natural phenomena: Fe/ Mn-stained shells in G2, fungal sclerotium in G2 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373303/figure-13-taphonomy-and-changes-in-environmental-conditions"><img alt="taphonomy and changes in environmental conditions before, during, and after occupation, all 21 bone fragments were studied for their bioerosion characteristics (birefringence, fluorescence, shape, structure, colour), and compared to a wide body of literature available (Huisman et al. 2017; Br6nnimann et al. 2018, 2020a, 2020b; Turner-Walker 2012, 2019; Turner-Walker and Jans 2008; Ismail-Meyer et al. 2020; Trueman and Martill 2002; Trueman et al. 2004; Booth 2016; Booth and Madgwick 2016). Three kinds of degradation are visible (see Fig. 13): Firstly, bones 6, 7, 10, 11, and 20 show signs of a chemical or physi- cal weathering process. Such bone fragments are described as having an angular-blocky structure by Huisman et al. (2017). Three kinds of degradation are visible (see Fig. 13): Firstly, having an angular-blocky structure by Huisman et al. (2017). all = »* idl A second type of bone degradation present at Tegelbarg is tunnelling in both bone 1, 12, and 15. The three bones " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373310/figure-14-flint-in-total-pieces-of-flint-were-observed-in"><img alt="Flint In total, 5 pieces of flint were observed in the thin sections. All the pieces are small and indicative of the micro-debitage of flint working activities occurring at the site (cf. Arnold 1973, 1974, 1981b, 1990, see Fig. 14). The flint fragments itself are angular in shape, with sharp and prominent curved boundaries, and have a smooth surface (cf. Angelucci 2010, 2017). The flint fragments are found throughout the profile, indicating that flint working activities took place throughout the occupation of the site. Microfacies description Based on the presence, distribution, abundance and charac- teristics of anthropogenic admixtures, and their relation to the two groundmasses and the natural phenomena, we can distinguish four distinct microfacies (see Fig. 15). mF1: This microfacies is found in a G1 groundmass, together with dusty clay coatings. If consists of clumped aggregates of anthropogenic material (charred organic matter, undegraded shell, ash, soil material), and loose " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373316/table-5-overview-of-all-the-bone-fragments-from-the-thin"><img alt="Table 5 Overview of all the bone fragments from the thin sections and their character " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373322/figure-13-selection-of-three-bone-fragments-from-tegelbarg"><img alt="Fig. 13 A selection of three bone fragments from Tegelbarg, showing blocky degradation (bone 6), cyanobacterial tunneling (bone 12), anc modification caused by heat (bone 9) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373327/figure-12-the-end-of-occupation-and-the-start-of-peat"><img alt="the end of occupation and the start of peat formation. More perspectives on this, from for instance palynology (Meurers-Balke et al. 1985), would be necessary to test this hypothesis. The chronology of use for the lower-lying lagoon, in which the gyttja was de The chronological mode osition of occupational d the occupation well into posited, remains relatively unclear. indicates a possibly continued dep- ebris in this environment, extending the 2™ millennium BC, but this can be caused by the inaccuracies of older radiocarbon determi- nations. The finds from tl he excavations clearly do not support this late occupation since almost no Bronze Age artefacts (such as flint daggers o f late types, or Bronze age pottery) were recorded. Future work in soil micromorphology and radiocarbon dating, on any coastal settlement, should there- fore focus on obtaining samples from all depositional envi- ronments, in order to understand their formation processes. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373342/figure-13-new-perspective-on-tegelbarg-character-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373351/figure-16-harris-matrix-of-tegelbarg-stratigraphy"><img alt="Fig. 16 Harris matrix of Tegelbarg stratigraphy " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373356/figure-15-pit-and-interment-of-an-individual-on-charred"><img alt="pit, and interment of an individual on a charred coffin or deathbed, between 2706 and 2477 cal BC. the significant differences in soil characteristics between the primary fill and the secondary fill (including the amount of shells) and the lack of collagen in the bone from the grave that was sampled for 14C dating, it is more likely towards the longer end of this 0-176-year interval. This indicates that personal, or active memories, were present between the people who buried the deceased and those who provided the flint dagger (cf. Miiller 2018). It now becomes clear that depositing a flint dagger into this grave, should be seen as a very significant act by which later communities acknowledge their ties to earlier groups on this outcrop. This funerary practice using a wooden coffin (known in German as a Bohlensarg) is not uncommon for the Corded Ware phenomenon in the Cimbrian Peninsula and primarily found in the Younger Neolithic. This possible attribution agrees with our radiocarbon date for the grave (see Hiibner 2005, 500-512). Further archaeological traces of the Corded Ware phenomenon at the site of Tegelbarg are scarce. Two cord-decorated sherds and a single fragment of a battle axe were found in the shell midden layer, probably the result of reworking activities of the subsoil similar to mF1, but not in the vicinity of the burial (Arnold 1981b, 155). — im ~ Funerary practices are often found on shell midden sites. Well known are the shell midden burials of Téviec and Hoédic in Brittany, France (e.g. Boulestin 2016; Dupont and Marchand 2020), the shell mounds in Santa Catarina, The chronological model points to 0-176 years between the grave construction and the dagger inclusion. Based on " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373359/table-1-archaeological-soil-micromorphology-samples-the"><img alt="Table 1 Archaeological soil micromorphology samples, the depths within the profile column, and the stratigraphic contexts from which the were taken " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373363/table-2-overview-of-all-the-radiocarbon-determinations"><img alt="Table 2 Overview of all the radiocarbon determinations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373366/table-3-indicating-that-such-secondary-calcites-could-also"><img alt="indicating that such secondary calcites could also have been reworked. The smaller cemented clusters of ash, sometimes with shells, indicates that the remains of fires and shells were collected and discarded. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373369/table-4-new-perspective-on-tegelbarg-character-and"><img alt="Table 4 Micromorphological observations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373375/table-5-particles-of-charred-organic-matter-and-shell"><img alt="particles of charred organic matter and shell fragments. This mF is present in MO02 (see Figs. 5 and 15). It is clearly the result of reworking of the G1 groundmass, and a barren soil formed after vegetation clearance, in the older sedimentary deposits at the time of the first midden deposition. mB): Thic microfaciee ic fatnnd in a QI ornindmace ples. Dispersed between these shells are fragments of charred organic matter, ash clusters, and highly degraded fragments bone. This mF is present in M003 and M004 (see Figs. 5 and 15). It can be interpreted as the dumping of shells and occupational waste. mF3: This microfacies is found in a G2 groundmass and consists of fragments of shells in a random orientation and not interconnected. Reworking is relatively minor, showing no rounded edges on charred organic matter. 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Spatially and temporally separated from its famous Danish counterparts, it presents an intriguing anomaly in a full-fledged agricultural society. We present a combined perspective on the chronology and the character of this occupation using archaeological soil micromorphology and the Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates. The earliest human presence predates the shell midden formation. A coffin grave, in which a crouched inhumation burial was placed, dates to the middle of the 3 rd millennium BC. The late 3 rd millennium BC occupants provided a flint dagger to this grave, up to two centuries later, as an act of remembrance. Subsequent settlement activities included the construction of hearths, the production of flint daggers, and the intensive use of coastal resources. The absence of fish bones can be explained by taphonomy, instead of prehistoric subsistence strategies. Landscape changes led to the site's abandonment and the start of peat development.","ai_title_tag":"Character and Chronology of the Tegelbarg Shell Midden","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"The site of Tegelbarg can be described as a Late Neolithic stratified occupation deposit, including a shell midden, situated on the Baltic coast in Northern Europe. Spatially and temporally separated from its famous Danish counterparts, it presents an intriguing anomaly in a full-fledged agricultural society. We present a combined perspective on the chronology and the character of this occupation using archaeological soil micromorphology and the Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates. The earliest human presence predates the shell midden formation. A coffin grave, in which a crouched inhumation burial was placed, dates to the middle of the 3 rd millennium BC. The late 3 rd millennium BC occupants provided a flint dagger to this grave, up to two centuries later, as an act of remembrance. Subsequent settlement activities included the construction of hearths, the production of flint daggers, and the intensive use of coastal resources. The absence of fish bones can be explained by taphonomy, instead of prehistoric subsistence strategies. Landscape changes led to the site's abandonment and the start of peat development.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108429832/A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character_and_chronology_of_a_Late_Neolithic_shell_midden_in_the_western_Baltic","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-21T12:20:25.330-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":61854,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":40461755,"work_id":108429832,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":1118348,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"h***n@cultureelerfgoed.nl","affiliation":"Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands","display_order":1,"name":"Hans Huisman","title":"A new perspective on Tegelbarg: character and chronology of a Late Neolithic shell midden in the western Baltic"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106816002,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106816002/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tegelbarg_AAS.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106816002/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106816002/Tegelbarg_AAS-libre.pdf?1697917600=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character.pdf\u0026Expires=1743701716\u0026Signature=VosYpGM0z1WKVkqscoJ2VNraJxsb5g5kea3fX4zo9CByRZFq8eOkIXLT6MAFRR9-x6wWRHCYFtvh4YCeLEuAFwKzis-9p9nLK67QZiITgbhaRFOO1SpCCzWaUdvo6DlSngYAUYYvENbytjIG1rxZ2aQHROHtcH4H54FzoF7FKv78rhb1fwnRu5q0O~hUPlsSWgSbZ~z~4o4Va3WVOPvQNcxM4hwIIqlxi9fqxV10-YpzoSZextFXBuwY3W32vJD6MLsMDg2-QHk4KVVhv42brTd5~JkG99wWzWDtkD46B0ncmnNm0uk5Z09UqYr~bpvwUpPvAC~~KpZCmAzMuqKwsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character_and_chronology_of_a_Late_Neolithic_shell_midden_in_the_western_Baltic","translated_slug":"","page_count":24,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The site of Tegelbarg can be described as a Late Neolithic stratified occupation deposit, including a shell midden, situated on the Baltic coast in Northern Europe. Spatially and temporally separated from its famous Danish counterparts, it presents an intriguing anomaly in a full-fledged agricultural society. We present a combined perspective on the chronology and the character of this occupation using archaeological soil micromorphology and the Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates. The earliest human presence predates the shell midden formation. A coffin grave, in which a crouched inhumation burial was placed, dates to the middle of the 3 rd millennium BC. The late 3 rd millennium BC occupants provided a flint dagger to this grave, up to two centuries later, as an act of remembrance. Subsequent settlement activities included the construction of hearths, the production of flint daggers, and the intensive use of coastal resources. The absence of fish bones can be explained by taphonomy, instead of prehistoric subsistence strategies. Landscape changes led to the site's abandonment and the start of peat development.","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":106816002,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106816002/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tegelbarg_AAS.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106816002/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106816002/Tegelbarg_AAS-libre.pdf?1697917600=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character.pdf\u0026Expires=1743701716\u0026Signature=VosYpGM0z1WKVkqscoJ2VNraJxsb5g5kea3fX4zo9CByRZFq8eOkIXLT6MAFRR9-x6wWRHCYFtvh4YCeLEuAFwKzis-9p9nLK67QZiITgbhaRFOO1SpCCzWaUdvo6DlSngYAUYYvENbytjIG1rxZ2aQHROHtcH4H54FzoF7FKv78rhb1fwnRu5q0O~hUPlsSWgSbZ~z~4o4Va3WVOPvQNcxM4hwIIqlxi9fqxV10-YpzoSZextFXBuwY3W32vJD6MLsMDg2-QHk4KVVhv42brTd5~JkG99wWzWDtkD46B0ncmnNm0uk5Z09UqYr~bpvwUpPvAC~~KpZCmAzMuqKwsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7325,"name":"Archaeological Soil Micromorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Soil_Micromorphology"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":14492,"name":"Coastal and Island Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_and_Island_Archaeology"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":70250,"name":"Archaeology of shell middens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_shell_middens"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-108429832-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="100434435"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/100434435/The_times_they_are_a_changing_Reconsidering_the_occupation_history_and_character_of_a_3rd_millennium_BCE_settlement_in_the_Lower_Rhine_Area"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The times they are a-changing. Reconsidering the occupation history and character of a 3rd millennium BCE settlement in the Lower Rhine Area" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101259776/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/100434435/The_times_they_are_a_changing_Reconsidering_the_occupation_history_and_character_of_a_3rd_millennium_BCE_settlement_in_the_Lower_Rhine_Area">The times they are a-changing. Reconsidering the occupation history and character of a 3rd millennium BCE settlement in the Lower Rhine Area</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A re-analysis of soil micromorphology samples and radiocarbon dates was undertaken at the Middle ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A re-analysis of soil micromorphology samples and radiocarbon dates was undertaken at the Middle to Late Neolithic settlement of N11, Hazerswoude-Rijndijk, in the Netherlands. The site, located on crevasse deposits of the river Rhine, was previously dated between 3200 and 2500 BCE. Our re-analysis allows us to place the occupation firmly in the 3rd millennium BCE, which holds implications for our understanding of a pivotal transformation process in Northwest European prehistory. At the same time, it presents us a very informative picture of domestic activities including both the remains of combustion next to a dwelling structure, dating to the first phase of occupation, and the dumping of organic waste with varying degrees of intensity throughout the whole habitation period. Finally, we have shown that a combined approach of archaeological soil micromorphology and a critical analysis of radiocarbon dating, can strengthen interpretations of site chronology and characterising socio-cultural processes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5763506b21dbb0545e51ca7132fdebb5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":101259776,"asset_id":100434435,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101259776/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="100434435"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="100434435"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 100434435; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=100434435]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=100434435]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 100434435; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='100434435']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5763506b21dbb0545e51ca7132fdebb5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=100434435]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":100434435,"title":"The times they are a-changing. Reconsidering the occupation history and character of a 3rd millennium BCE settlement in the Lower Rhine Area","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.103982","grobid_abstract":"A re-analysis of soil micromorphology samples and radiocarbon dates was undertaken at the Middle to Late Neolithic settlement of N11, Hazerswoude-Rijndijk, in the Netherlands. The site, located on crevasse deposits of the river Rhine, was previously dated between 3200 and 2500 BCE. Our re-analysis allows us to place the occupation firmly in the 3rd millennium BCE, which holds implications for our understanding of a pivotal transformation process in Northwest European prehistory. At the same time, it presents us a very informative picture of domestic activities including both the remains of combustion next to a dwelling structure, dating to the first phase of occupation, and the dumping of organic waste with varying degrees of intensity throughout the whole habitation period. Finally, we have shown that a combined approach of archaeological soil micromorphology and a critical analysis of radiocarbon dating, can strengthen interpretations of site chronology and characterising socio-cultural processes.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":101259776},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100434435/The_times_they_are_a_changing_Reconsidering_the_occupation_history_and_character_of_a_3rd_millennium_BCE_settlement_in_the_Lower_Rhine_Area","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-04-19T04:22:18.971-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":61854,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":39770329,"work_id":100434435,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":1118348,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"h***n@cultureelerfgoed.nl","affiliation":"Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands","display_order":1,"name":"Hans Huisman","title":"The times they are a-changing. 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The site, located on crevasse deposits of the river Rhine, was previously dated between 3200 and 2500 BCE. Our re-analysis allows us to place the occupation firmly in the 3rd millennium BCE, which holds implications for our understanding of a pivotal transformation process in Northwest European prehistory. At the same time, it presents us a very informative picture of domestic activities including both the remains of combustion next to a dwelling structure, dating to the first phase of occupation, and the dumping of organic waste with varying degrees of intensity throughout the whole habitation period. Finally, we have shown that a combined approach of archaeological soil micromorphology and a critical analysis of radiocarbon dating, can strengthen interpretations of site chronology and characterising socio-cultural processes.","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":101259776,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101259776/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1_s2.0_S2352409X23001578_main_1_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101259776/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_times_they_are_a_changing_Reconsider.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/101259776/1_s2.0_S2352409X23001578_main_1_-libre.pdf?1681904501=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_times_they_are_a_changing_Reconsider.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671783\u0026Signature=QLl63SC4GhNI~84H20Jx15jLmRTfF-doGvyea8dVrR4Zx7jODiDMXw2vQJgEtX4RqCT5W42HbWP1LzsheY-nGg4L0CZqiwx9nlNoS45V0vgNS1JpCeyy-C5q25gR~jvpkryNL-pQ6wz8NNO8FHVRXObIqwsd-FH2ymWXUz-R~OOxA7rIeZNoQzInkcxNG3NnkJSNzTB3YM4EdUC2STQqjgI9XM06Ekx7W~UAopdQ1sQOyTlGlV~7FxXtfDWy5oWvmf9MM~P0MRD4AHKBO24iBg5EF0Sr3U26ofqWjdQzRfTJqAHOnwTaDCAejl15uNpuzOSvc96sDIL~T806Pbtwqw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-100434435-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82143481"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82143481/An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_in_the_Netherlands"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Overview of Bell Beaker house plans in the Netherlands" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87944105/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82143481/An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_in_the_Netherlands">An Overview of Bell Beaker house plans in the Netherlands</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Bell Beaker Settlement of Europe. The Bell Beaker phenomenon from a domestic perspective</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c8d71efc01583243ca4068a0d8203879" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87944105,"asset_id":82143481,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87944105/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82143481"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82143481"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82143481; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82143481]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82143481]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82143481; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82143481']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c8d71efc01583243ca4068a0d8203879" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82143481]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82143481,"title":"An Overview of Bell Beaker house plans in the Netherlands","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"This article reviews the archaeological evidence and interpretations of potential house plans related to the Bell Beaker phenomenon in the Netherlands during the Late Neolithic period (c. 2400-1900 BC). Despite previous studies that aimed to identify and validate these structures, the existing dataset is largely inadequate, leading to ongoing debates regarding the functionality and reliability of supposed house plans. The findings indicate significant challenges in recognizing regular layouts as definitive criteria for house plans, as illustrated by excavations from various sites. Future research is encouraged to enhance understanding of Bell Beaker settlement in the region.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Bell Beaker Settlement of Europe. The Bell Beaker phenomenon from a domestic perspective"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82143481/An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_in_the_Netherlands","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-24T01:29:07.145-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":61854,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":38439293,"work_id":82143481,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":5787988,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***k@gmail.com","display_order":1,"name":"Erik Drenth","title":"An Overview of Bell Beaker house plans in the Netherlands"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87944105,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87944105/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"16_BB_Settlement_PSRP9_rev.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87944105/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87944105/16_BB_Settlement_PSRP9_rev-libre.pdf?1656066981=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671783\u0026Signature=PTObxbJpiqjZi0T3GfPU6zytpHYLE~vHalGDQMMDbH7MABAA0czjl4Wk7Ai0zc7usObFm5icgXH8toIdskLmFcf88a8LpSIDo46o0XoLpGzFzUzPDLg6OPszb0JXedeIFwt8Ji30ZCpJ98jgvLvzJDvoafdLt-UA2bD5~cAfxjLnomah0qP4VKoF41~VeSl2kaHkp9xiZYR5qwscNHbWtKp4jg9c31VaW6hNkjKxJ~BRMBP81N2TVVE1RB8VMImKAWmYcoPmRTf7tP4rH1Fcv4KkzCEASaRBAJqRMzDWYuzCw-gOBxl8jCQhh1QPcwQaWsANnkoMxh-KcpxIpwo3bQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_in_the_Netherlands","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":87944105,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87944105/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"16_BB_Settlement_PSRP9_rev.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87944105/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87944105/16_BB_Settlement_PSRP9_rev-libre.pdf?1656066981=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671783\u0026Signature=PTObxbJpiqjZi0T3GfPU6zytpHYLE~vHalGDQMMDbH7MABAA0czjl4Wk7Ai0zc7usObFm5icgXH8toIdskLmFcf88a8LpSIDo46o0XoLpGzFzUzPDLg6OPszb0JXedeIFwt8Ji30ZCpJ98jgvLvzJDvoafdLt-UA2bD5~cAfxjLnomah0qP4VKoF41~VeSl2kaHkp9xiZYR5qwscNHbWtKp4jg9c31VaW6hNkjKxJ~BRMBP81N2TVVE1RB8VMImKAWmYcoPmRTf7tP4rH1Fcv4KkzCEASaRBAJqRMzDWYuzCw-gOBxl8jCQhh1QPcwQaWsANnkoMxh-KcpxIpwo3bQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":12721,"name":"Bell Beakers (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bell_Beakers_Archaeology_"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":40780,"name":"Settlement archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_archaeology"},{"id":412240,"name":"Bell Beakers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bell_Beakers"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-82143481-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57429651"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57429651/Taste_of_Honey_Food_from_the_Bronze_Age_coastal_site_of_Velsen_Waterland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Taste of Honey. Food from the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72338399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57429651/Taste_of_Honey_Food_from_the_Bronze_Age_coastal_site_of_Velsen_Waterland">Taste of Honey. Food from the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metaaltijden 8. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-57429651-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-57429651-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10213020/figure-2-taste-of-honey-food-from-the-bronze-age-coastal"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/72338399/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10213014/figure-1-taste-of-honey-food-from-the-bronze-age-coastal"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/72338399/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10213027/figure-1-location-of-velsen-waterland-the-recorded-trenches"><img alt="Figure 1. Location of Velsen-Waterland. A: The recorded trenches on the current topography (trench 29 is the location described here), B: The palaeogeographical situation around Velsen c1500 BC (after Vos et al. 2011); C: Location of the site in the Netherlands. Velsen Waterland was re-examined by returning to the old excavation drawings and photos, and by conducting a study of the pottery, stone, and metal artefacts. New radiocarbon dates were obtained from bone and foodcrusts. The bone assemblage was studied focusing on identifying species, size, and age distribution as well as oth- er characteristics such as butchering traces and artefact production (Zeiler 2017). In addition, a combined botanical and chemical study of organic residues encrusted on ceramic vessels was undertaken using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for the " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/72338399/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10213033/figure-2-profile-of-trench-with-the-five-cultural-layers"><img alt="Figure 2. Profile of trench 29, with the five cultural layers clearly visible. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/72338399/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10213039/table-1-taste-of-honey-food-from-the-bronze-age-coastal-site"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/72338399/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-57429651-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59b3ee33be9863531c4f8535a8dd6026" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":72338399,"asset_id":57429651,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72338399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="57429651"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57429651"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57429651; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57429651]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57429651]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57429651; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='57429651']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59b3ee33be9863531c4f8535a8dd6026" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=57429651]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":57429651,"title":"Taste of Honey. Food from the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"This research focuses on the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland, providing insights into the culinary practices of the time. Through the examination of pottery, organic residues, and other artefacts, the study highlights the presence of honey and beeswax in cooking, specifically in a porridge-like dish. Dates range from 2200 to 1200 BC, suggesting a complex dietary incorporation of local resources, and emphasizing the need for further excavation to clarify stratigraphic connections and domestic practices.","ai_title_tag":"Bronze Age Culinary Practices at Velsen","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metaaltijden 8. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57429651/Taste_of_Honey_Food_from_the_Bronze_Age_coastal_site_of_Velsen_Waterland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-12T23:56:49.669-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":61854,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":36984108,"work_id":57429651,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":16861048,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***s@aol.com","display_order":1,"name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","title":"Taste of Honey. Food from the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland"},{"id":36984109,"work_id":57429651,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":8984827,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***a@xs4all.nl","display_order":2,"name":"Tania F M Oudemans","title":"Taste of Honey. Food from the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland"},{"id":36984110,"work_id":57429651,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":32131165,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***e@planet.nl","display_order":3,"name":"Jørn Zeiler","title":"Taste of Honey. 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A re-analysis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Late Neolithic in Schleswig-Holstein is a period about which not much is known. A re-analysis of two old excavations near Archsum on the island of Sylt provides us with a case study on both domestic and funerary behaviour dating to the later part of the 3rd millennium BC. The LA 65 site consists of a longhouse with a sunken floor, ploughmarks and pits which contain both Common Ware and Bell Beaker pottery, and a grave with a Scandinavian flint dagger. On the other hand, LA 127 consists of a megalithic grave in which a secondary cremation burial was deposited, along with artefacts showing a complicated</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-49077624-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-49077624-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427058/figure-4-archsum-la-complete-excavation-plan-with-all-late"><img alt="Fig. 4. Archsum LA 65. Complete excavation plan with all Late Neolithic features (excavation plan after WiRTH 1994, pl. 3; attribution of features: J. P. Brozio/Kiel University " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427067/figure-5-archsum-la-the-late-neolithic-house-with-profiles"><img alt="Fig. 5. Archsum LA65. The Late Neolithic house with profiles of the postholes (Graphics: R. Opitz and A. Pfeiffer/both Kiel University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427079/figure-6-archsum-la-most-important-late-neolithic-finds-bell"><img alt="Fig. 6. Archsum LA 65. Most important Late Neolithic finds: 1 Bell beaker with geometric ornamentation; 2 winged flint arrowhead; 3 lancet-shaped flint dagger; scale 1:2 (Drawings: 1 S. Beyer; 2-3 A. Pfeiffer/both Kiel University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427023/figure-2-digital-elevation-model-of-northern-germany-show"><img alt="Fig. 2. Digital Elevation Model of Northern Germany, show- ing the North Frisian Islands (inset shows the location of Fig. 3; base map: SRTM; graphics: R. Opitz/Kiel University). Fig. 1. The location of Sylt in Europe (inset shows the location of Fig. 2; graphics: R. Opitz/Kiel University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427036/figure-2-near-the-ancestors-at-archsum-contemporaneous-bell"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427048/figure-3-the-village-of-archsum-with-sites-mentioned-in-the"><img alt="Fig. 3. The village of Archsum with sites mentioned in the text (Landesaufnahme LA 1-107: KERsTEN/LA BAUME 1958; LA 108-169: Kossack et al. 1980; base map: OSM/OpenStreetMap contributors). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427095/figure-8-archsum-la-trench-planum-after-schwarz-lander"><img alt="Fig. 8. Archsum LA 127. Trench 3a, planum 2 (after SCHWARZ LANDER 1993, 493 fig. 92b). contained both a pit datable to the Roman period, and a medieval occupation layer, below a thick humic band and topsoil. In trench 3, 18 sherds of decorated Fun- nel Beaker pottery were found (SCHWARZLANDER 1993, pl 5,1-18), along with six flint flakes, a flint borer and four fragments of amber, associated with a con- centration of stones (ibid. 488). These finds are also co- vered by a thick humic band and the topsoil (HARCK 987, 28). Because of these Funnel Beaker finds and he associated stone concentration, trench 3 was ex- ended (trench 3a) for a full-scale excavation. This ex- cavation revealed the extent of a megalithic grave, de- scribed by Schwarzlander as a Rechteckdolmen. These ypes of dolmen (also known as extended dolmen, elongated dolmen, Grofsdolmen in German or stordysse in Danish) are a type of megalithic monument defined by their upright slabstones, flat capstones and two or hree bays of opposing orthostats and an axial, someti- mes slanting marked access (MULLER, J. 2014, 190). As he megalithic grave of Archsum LA 127 is destroyed, only the sockets of the eight orthostats remain. Pro- bably two capstones would have covered the orthos- ats. On the basis of these sockets, the megalith would have measured at least 2.50m in length and 1.50m in width. The axis of the entrance is slanted towards the southeast. A comparable megalith was excavated by Kiel University at Liidelsen 3 in northen Saxony-An- halt (DEMNICK et al. 2008), where a similar configura- ion of orthostats and capstones was discovered, with a slanted access towards the west. At Archsum, the " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427109/figure-7-archsum-la-trench-planum-after-schwarzz-lander"><img alt="Fig. 7, Archsum LA 127. Trench 3a, planum 1 (after ScHWARZz- LANDER 1993, 492 fig. 92a). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427121/figure-9-archsum-la-trench-planum-after-schwarz-lander"><img alt="Fig. 9. Archsum LA 127. Trench 3a, planum 3 (after SCHWARZ- LANDER 1993, 493 fig. 92). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427139/figure-10-archsum-la-amber-disc-scale-photo-klei-jne"><img alt="Fig. 10. Archsum LA 127. Amber disc; scale 1:1 (Photo: J. P. Klei- jne/Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427150/figure-11-archsum-la-mace-head-scale-photo-klei-jne"><img alt="Fig. 11. Archsum LA 127. Mace-head; scale 1:1 (Photo: J. P. Klei- jne/Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427160/figure-12-archsum-la-wristguard-scale-note-that-the-pin-on"><img alt="Fig. 12. Archsum LA 127. Wristguard; scale 1:1 (note that the pin on the backside is a fastening mechanism for the museum exhibition; photo: J. P. Kleijne/Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427183/figure-13-archsum-la-bayesian-model-for-the-megalithic-grave"><img alt="Fig. 13. Archsum LA 127. Bayesian model for the megalithic grave (Graphics: J. P. Kleijne/Groningen University). that the interval between the two dates calculates as 1258-1542 years (95.4 % probability), which means that, at a probability of 95.4 %, more than 1258 years passed between the dated events and the two different episodes in using the monument. This is consistent with the typochronological phasing obtained above. of the secondary burial, by creating a Bayesian mod. el. This allows for a clearer understanding on the time passed between the two events and the social process es involved here (cf. MULLER, J. 2018; WHITTLE 2018) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427190/figure-14-the-contemporaneity-of-dagger-graves-bell-beaker"><img alt="Fig. 14. The contemporaneity of dagger graves, Bell Beaker graves and Late Neolithic settlements in Schleswig-Holstein (Graphics: J. P. Kleijne/Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427206/figure-15-funerary-contexts-in-schleswig-holstein-associated"><img alt="Fig. 15. Funerary contexts in Schleswig-Holstein associated with Bell Beaker artefacts. 1 Archsum 127; 2 GroSenbornholt grave 2; 3 Aasbiittel barrow F grave 6; 4 Lockstedter Lager; 5 Bad Bram- stedt; 6 Bad Oldesloe; 7 Putlos (Graphics: J. P. Kleijne/Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427226/figure-16-the-combined-cord-and-cardium-decorated-pottery"><img alt="Fig. 16. The combined cord and Cardium decorated pottery ves- sel from Putlos, Oldenburg, East Holstein (Photo: J.P. Kleijne/ Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427259/figure-17-the-wristguard-of-neversdorf-photo-kleijne-gro"><img alt="Fig. 17. The wristguard of Neversdorf (Photo: J. P. Kleijne/Gro- ningen University). A new inventory of stone wristguards from across Southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany shows that most examples are of the broad and cur- ved types A-C. The narrow and straight types D-G are found only at Myrhoj (type F) and at Bars- mark (type G) in Jutland. While most wristguards are stray finds, the examples from Myrhoj in Denmark " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427280/figure-18-stone-wristguards-in-northern-germany-and-scandina"><img alt="Fig. 18. Stone wristguards in Northern Germany and Scandina- via. 1 Tralau; 2 Archsum; 3 Hoptrup; 4 Barsmark; 5 Battin; 8 Klep- tow; 9 Lanz 14; 10 Liepen 5; 11 Mechow; 12 Myrhgj; 13 Pasewalk; 14 Riigen; 15 Sahl; 16 Techentin; 17 Valluhn; 18 Wustermark; 19 Helnees; 20 Hvidberg; 21 Lolland; 22 Schlieben (Graphics: J.P. Kleijne/Groningen University). Funerary finds are rare. Next to the Archsum LA 127 funerary context, there are four other wrist- guards from funerary contexts. A single wrist- guard made of limestone was found in a possib- e grave, without any further details, at Mechow in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (type B; WETZEL 1976). Three further wristguards were found in mega- iths in Denmark. These wristguards come from Stensbjerg, sgn. Sonder Hoptrup, south of Haders- ev (type A; Skov 1970, 1) and on two occasions from he peninsula of Helnzes: from sgn. Sahl south of As- sens on Fyn (type A; Skov 1970, 2) and from Dams- bo (type A; ANDERSEN 2010, 12-13). The wristguard from Sahl near Helnzs, made of a red fine grai- ned stone, was found in an elongated dolmen, “with an oval chamber and entrance”, together with four " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427303/table-1-radiocarbon-dated-inhumation-and-cremation-graves"><img alt="Table 1. Radiocarbon dated inhumation and cremation graves from Denmark and Northern Germany with flint daggers as grave good (OxCal 4.4 [BRONK Ramsey 2009], INTCAL20 calibration curve [REIMER et al. 2020], 2-sigma standard deviation). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427316/table-2-stone-wristguards-in-northern-germany-and"><img alt="Table 2. Stone wristguards in Northern Germany and Scandinavia. BB = Brandenburg; DK = Denmark; MV = Mecklenburg-Vorpom- mern; SH = Schleswig-Holstein. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427339/table-2-continued-stone-wristguards-in-northern-germany-and"><img alt="Table 2, continued. Stone wristguards in Northern Germany and Scandinavia. BB = Brandenburg; DM = Denmark; MV = Mecklen- burg-Vorpommern; SH = Schleswig-Holstein. 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A re-analysis of two old excavations near Archsum on the island of Sylt provides us with a case study on both domestic and funerary behaviour dating to the later part of the 3rd millennium BC. The LA 65 site consists of a longhouse with a sunken floor, ploughmarks and pits which contain both Common Ware and Bell Beaker pottery, and a grave with a Scandinavian flint dagger. On the other hand, LA 127 consists of a megalithic grave in which a secondary cremation burial was deposited, along with artefacts showing a complicated","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The Late Neolithic in Schleswig-Holstein is a period about which not much is known. A re-analysis of two old excavations near Archsum on the island of Sylt provides us with a case study on both domestic and funerary behaviour dating to the later part of the 3rd millennium BC. The LA 65 site consists of a longhouse with a sunken floor, ploughmarks and pits which contain both Common Ware and Bell Beaker pottery, and a grave with a Scandinavian flint dagger. 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A re-analysis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Late Neolithic in Schleswig-Holstein is a period about which not much is known. A re-analysis of two old excavations near Archsum on the island of Sylt provides us with a case study on both domestic and funerary behaviour dating to the later part of the 3rd millennium BC. The LA 65 site consists of a longhouse with a sunken floor, ploughmarks and pits which contain both Common Ware and Bell Beaker pottery, and a grave with a Scandinavian flint dagger. On the other hand, LA 127 consists of a megalithic grave in which a secondary cremation burial was deposited, along with artefacts showing a complicated interaction of mythology, memory, heirlooms, and identity formation. In this paper we focus on a longterm perspective, and place the practices carried out here in a larger scale. The use of possible ancestral objects and places in the landscape is reviewed, and the place of specific "Bell Beaker"-affiliated objects (pottery, flint daggers, and stone wristguards) in the Late Neolithic of the southern Cimbrian Peninsula is discussed. The division between Bell Beaker associated objects and daggers is clearly visible in the funerary context all across Northern Germany and Denmark. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das Spätneolithikum ist eine in Schleswig-Holstein wenig erforschte Periode. Eine Neuanalyse zweier Altgrabungen bei Archsum auf Sylt liefert dazu Material aus dem späteren 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. Die Fundstelle LA 65 besteht aus einem Grubenhaus, Pflugspuren und Gruben, die sowohl Grobals auch Glockenbecher-Keramik enthalten, sowie einem Grab mit einem skandinavischen Feuersteindolch. Die Fundstelle LA 127 ist ein Megalithgrab, in dem eine sekundäre Brandbestattung deponiert wurde, zusammen mit Artefakten, die ein kompliziertes Zusammenspiel von Mythologie, Erinnerung, Erbstücken und Identitätsbildung zeigen. In diesem Beitrag konzentrieren wir uns auf eine langfristige Perspektive und stellen die hier durchgeführten Praktiken in einen größeren Zusammenhang. Die Verwendung möglicher Objekte und Orte der Ahnen in der Landschaft und der Platz spezifischer, mit Glockenbechern assoziierter Objekte (Keramik, Feuersteindolche und Armschutzplatten) im Spätneolithikum der südlichen jütischen Halbinsel werden diskutiert. Eine deutliche Trennung zwischen mit Glockenbechern assoziierten Objekten und Dolchen ist im Bestattungskontext in ganz Norddeutschland und Dänemark sichtbar.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f8cb541d0bdd7c226bd1dfb2f085b02a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67472029,"asset_id":49042139,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67472029/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49042139"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49042139"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49042139; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49042139]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49042139]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49042139; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49042139']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f8cb541d0bdd7c226bd1dfb2f085b02a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49042139]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49042139,"title":"Near the ancestors at Archsum: a contemporaneous Bell Beaker grave and settlement?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.26016/offa.2020.A3","grobid_abstract":"The Late Neolithic in Schleswig-Holstein is a period about which not much is known. 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Die Verwendung möglicher Objekte und Orte der Ahnen in der Landschaft und der Platz spezifischer, mit Glockenbechern assoziierter Objekte (Keramik, Feuersteindolche und Armschutzplatten) im Spätneolithikum der südlichen jütischen Halbinsel werden diskutiert. 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The 4.2 ka BP event and its implications for environments and societies in Northwest Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65518789/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44979353/Late_Neolithic_and_Chalcolithic_maritime_resilience_The_4_2_ka_BP_event_and_its_implications_for_environments_and_societies_in_Northwest_Europe">Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic maritime resilience? The 4.2 ka BP event and its implications for environments and societies in Northwest Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Environmental Research Letters</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper deals with prehistoric communities at the end of the 3rd millennium BC in Northwest Eu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper deals with prehistoric communities at the end of the 3rd millennium BC in Northwest Europe in relation to the 4.2 ka BP climatic event. In particular, the question of the resilience of these communities to climatic change will be studied here by comparing various climatic records and analysing specific archaeological parameters for social and cultural change. These parameters include the duration and intensity of settlement occupation, the variability of subsistence activities (e.g. cereal cultivation, animal husbandry, hunting, fishing, and gathering) and the connectedness of communities within exchange networks. Rather than answering the often-asked yes/no question with regard to human-environment relations, our research asks what effect resulted from the 4.2 ka BP climatic event, and, from the perspective of resilience, how did communities adopt to these changes in their practices and cultural choices during the later 3rd millennium BC. In short, we maintain that climate change took place at the end of the 3rd millennium BC, but the changes in humidity and temperature with their effects on vegetation were probably regionally varied across Northwest Europe. We also observe that the studied communities developed differently during the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. On the one hand, we identify new food storage and house building techniques in the Low Countries and Schleswig-Holstein and, on the other hand, substantiate population decrease on the Orkney Islands around 2300 BC. Finally, we note a development of the Bell Beaker phenomenon into an Early Bronze Age maritory of connected communities across the North Sea, in which these communities expressed their resilience to climate change.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-44979353-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-44979353-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166861/figure-1-comparative-periodisation-for-the-ka-bp-event-the"><img alt="Figure 1. Comparative periodisation for the 4.2 ka BP event, the different study areas and the Bell Beaker phenomenon (based on Jalali et al 2019, Allen et al 2012; Louwe Kooijmans et al 2005, Miiller et al 2010, Kleijne 2019 respectively). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166867/figure-2-study-areas-within-northwest-europe-and-climatic"><img alt="Figure 2. Study areas within Northwest Europe and climatic archives mentioned in the text. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166874/figure-3-comparison-of-the-climate-reconstructions-by-from"><img alt="Figure 3. A comparison of the climate reconstructions by, from top to bottom. Jalali et al (2019) in green and red, Butruille et al (2017) in blue, and Roland et al (2014) in grey and black. The 4.2 ka BP event, shaded in grey, is given according to Jalali et al (2019). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166881/figure-4-late-neolithic-and-chalcolithic-maritime-resilience"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166888/figure-5-late-neolithic-and-chalcolithic-maritime-resilience"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166894/figure-6-probability-of-occupation-at-several-archaeological"><img alt="Figure 6. Probability of occupation at several archaeological sites with remains of houses and the arable lands of Oostwoud (Bayesian models are published in Kleijne and Drenth 2019, Fokkens et al 2017). Figure 5. All the mentioned sites in the Low Countries. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166898/figure-7-late-neolithic-and-chalcolithic-maritime-resilience"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166904/figure-8-relative-probability-of-the-frequency-of-arable"><img alt="Figure 8. Relative probability of the frequency of arable fields in Northwest Europe (for details concerning the method, se« methodology and Mischka 2004). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166909/figure-9-alignment-of-the-ka-bp-climatic-event-and-regional"><img alt="Figure 9. Alignment of the 4.2 ka BP climatic event and regional socio-cultural parameters. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-44979353-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a083e6a064d932bc33201827bb87223e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65518789,"asset_id":44979353,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65518789/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44979353"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44979353"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44979353; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44979353]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44979353]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44979353; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44979353']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a083e6a064d932bc33201827bb87223e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44979353]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44979353,"title":"Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic maritime resilience? 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In short, we maintain that climate change took place at the end of the 3rd millennium BC, but the changes in humidity and temperature with their effects on vegetation were probably regionally varied across Northwest Europe. We also observe that the studied communities developed differently during the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. On the one hand, we identify new food storage and house building techniques in the Low Countries and Schleswig-Holstein and, on the other hand, substantiate population decrease on the Orkney Islands around 2300 BC. 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The Archéologie et Gobelets workshop in Kiel and some future perspectives for research into the 3rd millennium BC" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58179686/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38147291/Editorial_Think_Global_Act_Local_The_Arch%C3%A9ologie_et_Gobelets_workshop_in_Kiel_and_some_future_perspectives_for_research_into_the_3rd_millennium_BC">Editorial: Think Global, Act Local! The Archéologie et Gobelets workshop in Kiel and some future perspectives for research into the 3rd millennium BC</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Think global, act local. Bell Beakers in Europe. Proceedings of the Bell Beaker Workshop Kiel 2017</span><span>, Dec 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This special volume of the Journal of Neolithic Archaeology is dedicated to a collection of paper...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This special volume of the Journal of Neolithic Archaeology is dedicated to a collection of papers presented at the conference held between the 17th and 21st of May 2017 in Kiel, Germany. The topic of this conference was “Think Global, Act Local! The Transformation of Spatial Interaction and Material Culture in Beaker Contexts of the 3rd Millennium BC in Europe”. In total, ca. 70 people, specialists from all over Europe, brought together in the loose research network of Archéologie et Gobelets, attended this conference. 27 papers were presented focusing either on this specific topic at hand from various angles, or on presenting new Corded Ware or Bell Beaker finds from all across Europe. Of these 27 presentations, nine were found able to contribute to this volume. In this editorial I will highlight the different articles and their relevance to the overarching topic. Next to this overview, a possible way is paved for future studies into the 3rd millennium BC.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f50bf07e8dbaeedbfd340ba7691c7ac1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58179686,"asset_id":38147291,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58179686/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38147291"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38147291"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38147291; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38147291]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38147291]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38147291; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38147291']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f50bf07e8dbaeedbfd340ba7691c7ac1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38147291]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38147291,"title":"Editorial: Think Global, Act Local! 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Sifting through single grave settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland tidal area (the Netherlands)." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51509673/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31075482/2017_Sifting_through_single_grave_settlements_Keinsmerbrug_and_Mienakker_in_the_Noord_Holland_tidal_area_the_Netherlands_">2017. Sifting through single grave settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland tidal area (the Netherlands).</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/DaanRaemaekers">Daan Raemaekers</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Between 2009 and 2014, a research project was carried out by several research institutes and comm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Between 2009 and 2014, a research project was carried out by several research institutes and commercial companies in order to study and publish three settlement sites of the Single Grave Culture located in the Western Netherlands. These sites were excavated more than twenty years ago, but unfortunately the results were only scarcely published, and mostly in<br />Dutch. This research project provided an excellent<br />opportunity to unlock the high quality archaeological information. The presence of organic remains and numerous artefacts in cultural layers and the thorough excavation of these layers have produced a wealth of data regarding Late Neolithic behavioural variability in a dynamic wetland landscape. In this article, a summary of the results of this project will be presented.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="57dcac370bea145e56bca900443c80e8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51509673,"asset_id":31075482,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51509673/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31075482"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31075482"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31075482; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31075482]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31075482]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31075482; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31075482']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "57dcac370bea145e56bca900443c80e8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31075482]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31075482,"title":"2017. Sifting through single grave settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland tidal area (the Netherlands).","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Between 2009 and 2014, a research project was carried out by several research institutes and commercial companies in order to study and publish three settlement sites of the Single Grave Culture located in the Western Netherlands. These sites were excavated more than twenty years ago, but unfortunately the results were only scarcely published, and mostly in\nDutch. This research project provided an excellent\nopportunity to unlock the high quality archaeological information. The presence of organic remains and numerous artefacts in cultural layers and the thorough excavation of these layers have produced a wealth of data regarding Late Neolithic behavioural variability in a dynamic wetland landscape. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-31075482-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32936688"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32936688/Sifting_through_Single_Grave_Settlements_Keinsmerbrug_and_Mienakker_in_the_Noord_Holland_Tidal_Area_the_Netherlands_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53069089/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32936688/Sifting_through_Single_Grave_Settlements_Keinsmerbrug_and_Mienakker_in_the_Noord_Holland_Tidal_Area_the_Netherlands_">Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Between 2009 and 2014, a research project was carried out by several research institutes and comm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Between 2009 and 2014, a research project<br />was carried out by several research institutes<br />and commercial companies in order to study<br />and publish three settlement sites of the Single<br />Grave Culture located in the Western Netherlands.<br />These sites were excavated more than<br />twenty years ago, but unfortunately the results<br />were only scarcely published, and mostly in<br />Dutch. This research project provided an excellent<br />opportunity to unlock the high quality<br />archaeological information. The presence of<br />organic remains and numerous artefacts in<br />cultural layers and the thorough excavation of<br />these layers have produced a wealth of data<br />regarding Late Neolithic behavioural variability<br />in a dynamic wetland landscape. In this<br />article, a summary of the results of this project<br />will be presented.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-32936688-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-32936688-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284657/figure-1-chapter-january-some-of-the-authors-of-this"><img alt="Chapter - January 2016 Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the... See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311777564 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284660/figure-1-palaeogeographical-reconstruction-of-the-noord"><img alt="Fig. 1. Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Noord Holland tidal area around 2750 BC. 1: Keinsmerbrug; 2: Mienakker; 3: Zeewijk and other SGC sites [adapted from KvelNe/Weerts 2013 fig. 2.7). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284665/figure-2-keinsmerbrug-map-of-features-noses-monograph-on"><img alt="Fig. 2. Keinsmerbrug map of features (Noses 2012a fig. 3.6). monograph, on Zeewijk, is being written”. The new analysis of these three sites provided very interesting and extraordinary results. In this article, first a brief overview of the results and of the landscape development will be presented, after which two sites (Keinsmerbrug and Mien- akker) will be discussed. Finally, the conse- quences for Single Grave studies and future research will be addressed. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284671/figure-3-spatial-analysis-map-including-the-distribution-of"><img alt="Fig. 3. Spatial analysis map including the distribution of fish remains (NoBLes 2012b fig. 10.61). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284682/figure-4-the-thick-layers-of-midden-deposits-photo-courtesy"><img alt="Fig. 4. The thick layers of midden deposits [photo courtesy of the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE]). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284695/figure-5-features-and-interpretation-of-mienakker-noses"><img alt="Fig. 5. Features and interpretation of Mienakker (Noses 2013a fig. 3.1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284733/figure-7-clear-example-of-single-grave-culture-ceramics-from"><img alt="Fig. 7. A clear example of Single Grave Culture ceramics from Mienakker (BECKERMAN 2013 fig. 4.22-4.23). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284744/figure-8-comparison-of-the-mienakker-and-zeewijk-structures"><img alt="Fig.8. Comparison of the Mienakker and Zeewijk structures (Nostes 2013b fig. 11.53). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284700/figure-6-the-burial-both-in-photo-and-in-garys"><img alt="Fig. 6. The burial both in a photo and in Gary’s 3D reconstruction (PLome 2013 fig. 10.1; Noses 2013a fig. 3.7). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-32936688-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="778545017e711de2249f5f83a022e449" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53069089,"asset_id":32936688,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53069089/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32936688"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32936688"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32936688; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32936688]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32936688]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32936688; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32936688']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "778545017e711de2249f5f83a022e449" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32936688]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32936688,"title":"Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Between 2009 and 2014, a research project\nwas carried out by several research institutes\nand commercial companies in order to study\nand publish three settlement sites of the Single\nGrave Culture located in the Western Netherlands.\nThese sites were excavated more than\ntwenty years ago, but unfortunately the results\nwere only scarcely published, and mostly in\nDutch. 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This research project provided an excellent\nopportunity to unlock the high quality\narchaeological information. The presence of\norganic remains and numerous artefacts in\ncultural layers and the thorough excavation of\nthese layers have produced a wealth of data\nregarding Late Neolithic behavioural variability\nin a dynamic wetland landscape. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-31589991-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30554342"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30554342/Sifting_through_Single_Grave_Settlements_Keinsmerbrug_and_Mienakker_in_the_Noord_Holland_Tidal_Area_the_Netherlands_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50997053/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30554342/Sifting_through_Single_Grave_Settlements_Keinsmerbrug_and_Mienakker_in_the_Noord_Holland_Tidal_Area_the_Netherlands_">Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/OttoBrinkkemper">Otto Brinkkemper</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transitional Landscapes? The 3rd Millennium BC in Europe. Proceedings of the International Workshop "Socio-Environmental Dynamics over the Last 12,000 Years: The Creation of Landscapes III (15th – 18th April 2013)" in Kiel</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Die Deutsche nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen nationalbibliograf...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Die Deutsche nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen nationalbibliografie. Detailliertere Informationen sind im Internet über <<a href="http://dnb.d-nb.de" rel="nofollow">http://dnb.d-nb.de</a>> abrufbar.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-30554342-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-30554342-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831089/figure-1-palaeogeographical-reconstruction-of-the-noord"><img alt="Fig. 1. Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Noord Holland tidal area around 2750 BC. 1: Keinsmerbrug; 2: Mienakker; 3: Zeewijk and other SGC sites [adapted from KvelNe/Weerts 2013 fig. 2.7). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831099/figure-2-keinsmerbrug-map-of-features-noses-monograph-on"><img alt="Fig. 2. Keinsmerbrug map of features (Noses 2012a fig. 3.6). monograph, on Zeewijk, is being written”. The new analysis of these three sites provided very interesting and extraordinary results. In this article, first a brief overview of the results and of the landscape development will be presented, after which two sites (Keinsmerbrug and Mien- akker) will be discussed. Finally, the conse- quences for Single Grave studies and future research will be addressed. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831112/figure-3-spatial-analysis-map-including-the-distribution-of"><img alt="Fig. 3. Spatial analysis map including the distribution of fish remains (NoBLes 2012b fig. 10.61). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831116/figure-4-the-thick-layers-of-midden-deposits-photo-courtesy"><img alt="Fig. 4. The thick layers of midden deposits [photo courtesy of the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE]). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831125/figure-5-features-and-interpretation-of-mienakker-noses"><img alt="Fig. 5. Features and interpretation of Mienakker (Noses 2013a fig. 3.1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831135/figure-6-the-burial-both-in-photo-and-in-garys"><img alt="Fig. 6. The burial both in a photo and in Gary’s 3D reconstruction (PLome 2013 fig. 10.1; Noses 2013a fig. 3.7). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831148/figure-7-clear-example-of-single-grave-culture-ceramics-from"><img alt="Fig. 7. A clear example of Single Grave Culture ceramics from Mienakker (BECKERMAN 2013 fig. 4.22-4.23). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831162/figure-8-comparison-of-the-mienakker-and-zeewijk-structures"><img alt="Fig.8. Comparison of the Mienakker and Zeewijk structures (Nostes 2013b fig. 11.53). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-30554342-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a5486fa4f6589a79e9bb0acaa4398de2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50997053,"asset_id":30554342,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50997053/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30554342"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30554342"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30554342; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30554342]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30554342]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30554342; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30554342']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a5486fa4f6589a79e9bb0acaa4398de2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30554342]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30554342,"title":"Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"location":"Bonn","more_info":"Universitätsforschungen zur prähistorischen Archäologie Band 292 Human Development in Landscapes 9","publisher":"Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH","ai_title_tag":"Single Grave Settlements in Noord Holland","organization":"Graduate School Human Development in Landscapes","grobid_abstract":"Die Deutsche nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen nationalbibliografie. 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Synthesis - A mosaic habitation at Zeewijk" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57185220/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37233512/2014_Synthesis_A_mosaic_habitation_at_Zeewijk">2014. Synthesis - A mosaic habitation at Zeewijk</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/DaanRaemaekers">Daan Raemaekers</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/IngevanderJagt">Inge van der Jagt</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The synthesis chapter of the publication on the Corded Ware Culture settlement of Zeewijk (the N...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The synthesis chapter of the publication on the  Corded Ware Culture settlement of Zeewijk (the Netherlands)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95e23ff6b23f40a86e00b4ee0ec3023e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57185220,"asset_id":37233512,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57185220/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37233512"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37233512"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37233512; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37233512]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37233512]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37233512; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37233512']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "95e23ff6b23f40a86e00b4ee0ec3023e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37233512]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37233512,"title":"2014. 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Pendants in the third millennium BC in Western and Central Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49508304/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29054800/Between_belts_and_Beakers_Pendants_in_the_third_millennium_BC_in_Western_and_Central_Europe">Between belts and Beakers. Pendants in the third millennium BC in Western and Central Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Müller, A. & Jansen, R. (red.) 2016: Metaaltijden 3. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden, Leiden: Sidestone Press.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There's an error in the published table. A new version (Appendix1_new.xls) is added! Article abo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There's an error in the published table. A new version (Appendix1_new.xls) is added!<br /><br />Article about primarily bone pendants dating between 3000 and 1800 BC in Western and Central Europe, found in graves associated with the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Their origin and development through time and space and possible use are outlined here. These small objects present a continuity in funerary traditions throughout the 3rd millennium BC (the Corded Ware, Bell Beaker phenomena).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-29054800-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-29054800-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121195/figure-3-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121151/figure-1-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121176/figure-2-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121215/figure-4-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121236/figure-2-map-of-all-pendants-found-in-europe-all-pendants"><img alt="Figure 2 Map of all pendants found in Europe. All 61 pendants found in the literature can be grouped in three categories, on the basis of their general outline. The first and foremost category is the hourglass pendant. These pendants all have a large ring, a bridge element and in most cases a smaller ring. In severa is absent, in one case (M part of the object. A sub-type of this categor similar to the hourglass cases (Folkton, Pol pendant, but instead kern and Juodkranté) this smaller ring elton Quarry) this small ring is perpendicular to the other y is the anchored pendant which looks ofa small ring it has a pierced anchor. The second type of pendant is a trapezoidal shape, which also has two rings but no distinct narrow brid ge element. Instead , the bridge can be accentuated with parallel grooves such as the Sittingbourne example or plain in the other cases. A third group is annular shaped, having a very large round ring and a rectangular plate in which two or more rings were dril (such as Lochenice) and smaller examples (such as Puszaistvanhaza). aa ; ; ; ; ed. This group consists of both larger c. ; " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121254/figure-4-scatterplot-of-all-pendants-their-length-and-width"><img alt="Figure 4 Scatterplot of all pendants, their length and width and cultural affiliation. Wire pendants. Similarly, a correlation exists between the length of these type of pendants and the size of the large ring through time (fig. 4 and fig. 5). While this of course is determined to some degree by the parent material (a small bone can't lead to a large pendant), it does show that with the use of larger bones as parent material during the course of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, not only the length of the pendant increased but also the size of the largest ring. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121266/figure-5-boxplots-of-the-anchored-and-hourglass-pendants"><img alt="Figure 5 Boxplots of the anchored and hourglass pendants length relative to cultural affiliation. Context " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121289/figure-6-calibrated-radiocarbon-dates-for-the-bone-pendants"><img alt="Figure 6 Calibrated radiocarbon dates for the bone pendants. os An interesting typochronological point is the presence of bone pendants witl a pierced anchor instead of a small ring (see example from Biederitz on fig. 1). Or one occasion, this anchored pendant was found together with a cremation burial ir a pottery vessel of the Corded Ware culture (Schénfeld Havelberg grave 1, Prignitz Mecklenburg-Vorpommern).'° The other anchored pendants are associated witl cremation burials and material culture of the Schénfeld culture, found in Saxony. Anhalt and Lower Saxony (Wetzel 1979). The Schénfeld culture is recognised or the basis of its characteristic pottery decoration and cremation burial ritual, anc " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121314/figure-9-unfortunately-the-velsen-pendant-itself-is"><img alt="12 Unfortunately, the Velsen pendant itself is presently unavailable for study. Function " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121330/table-1-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121342/table-2-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121358/table-3-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-29054800-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="78f22f4fb154e72de48a24fd511b32e1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":49508304,"asset_id":29054800,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49508304/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29054800"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29054800"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29054800; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29054800]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29054800]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29054800; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='29054800']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "78f22f4fb154e72de48a24fd511b32e1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=29054800]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":29054800,"title":"Between belts and Beakers. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-29054800-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11462682"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11462682/Synthesis_Keinsmerburg_a_kaleidoscope_of_gathering"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis - Keinsmerburg; a kaleidoscope of gathering" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36994833/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11462682/Synthesis_Keinsmerburg_a_kaleidoscope_of_gathering">Synthesis - Keinsmerburg; a kaleidoscope of gathering</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/OttoBrinkkemper">Otto Brinkkemper</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/AnnelouVanGijn">Annelou Van Gijn</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten 043. pp 211-222</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-11462682-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-11462682-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29890893/figure-11-position-of-keinsmerbrug-red-dot-in-relation-to"><img alt="Fig. 11.1 Position of Keinsmerbrug (red dot) in relation to the ecological zones in the former landscape (adapted from Vos & Kiden 2005). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/36994833/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29890908/figure-11-discerned-structures-phases-and-activity-areas"><img alt="Fig 11.2: Discerned structures, phases and activity areas. Because the southern structures have only been partially identified and no clear activity areas could be assigned to them, they are regarded as less convincing (partial house plans). The interpretation of these two structures is not therefore associated with any further functional connotation, and they are referred to as ‘southern structure 1’ (Kmb $1) and ‘southern structure 2’ (Kmb S2). The reason for the fact that the southern structures could be only partly identified is related to taphonomic processes. These structures are likely to represent an earlier use of the settlement. Later occupation at the site has obscured older traces. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-11462682-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="16922223"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/16922223/Bloo_S_B_C_A_Kooij_and_J_P_Kleijne_2015_Een_midden_bronstijdverrassing_Hilversum_aardewerk_uit_een_bijzondere_context_te_Tilburg_Stappegoor_In_E_A_G_Ball_and_S_Arnoldussen_eds_Metaaltijden_2_Bijdragen_in_de_studie_van_de_metaaltijden_Leiden_Sidestone_Press_37_48"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Bloo, S.B.C., A. Kooij & J.P. Kleijne (2015): Een midden-bronstijdverrassing Hilversum-aardewerk uit een bijzondere context te Tilburg-Stappegoor. In: E.A.G. Ball & S. Arnoldussen (eds.), Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden, Leiden: Sidestone Press, 37-48." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39258904/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16922223/Bloo_S_B_C_A_Kooij_and_J_P_Kleijne_2015_Een_midden_bronstijdverrassing_Hilversum_aardewerk_uit_een_bijzondere_context_te_Tilburg_Stappegoor_In_E_A_G_Ball_and_S_Arnoldussen_eds_Metaaltijden_2_Bijdragen_in_de_studie_van_de_metaaltijden_Leiden_Sidestone_Press_37_48">Bloo, S.B.C., A. Kooij & J.P. Kleijne (2015): Een midden-bronstijdverrassing Hilversum-aardewerk uit een bijzondere context te Tilburg-Stappegoor. In: E.A.G. Ball & S. Arnoldussen (eds.), Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden, Leiden: Sidestone Press, 37-48.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/SBloo">Simone Bloo</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An excavation at Tilburg-Stappegoor yielded features dating from the Middle Bronze Age to the ver...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An excavation at Tilburg-Stappegoor yielded features dating from the Middle Bronze Age to the very recent past. A natural-looking feature which contained the fragments of four pots dating to the Middle Bronze Age was uncovered. The clear-cut sides of the feature, when seen in section, and its specific content, argue in favour of an anthropogenic origin, most probably a pit. As the pit contained nothing<br />but the fragments of four pots, its specific function is uncertain. The pottery itself can be characterized as fitting within the Northwest European Middle Bronze Age tradition, albeit that some particularities were food for further thoughts. One pot is archaeologically complete, bucket-shaped and decorated with two raised cordons with fingertip impressions. This kind of vessel is, with its specific form<br />and decoration, is uncommon in the Netherlands, yet has counterparts in Deverel Rimbury assemblages in Northern France and Britain. This important find, recovered from a natural-looking pit, implies that seemingly natural features merit more attention during archaeological fieldwork. Only then, more surprises like the pot from Tilburg-Stappegoor may come to light.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eb177d4d185e4a826fced00c65aea306" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39258904,"asset_id":16922223,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39258904/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16922223"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16922223"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16922223; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16922223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16922223]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16922223; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='16922223']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eb177d4d185e4a826fced00c65aea306" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=16922223]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":16922223,"title":"Bloo, S.B.C., A. 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(2015): Barrows and burials of the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age from Velsen (Noord-Holland, the Netherlands). In: E.A.G. Ball & S. Arnoldussen (eds.), Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden, Leiden: Sidestone Press, 101-111." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39258535/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16921149/Kleijne_J_P_2015_Barrows_and_burials_of_the_Late_Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age_from_Velsen_Noord_Holland_the_Netherlands_In_E_A_G_Ball_and_S_Arnoldussen_eds_Metaaltijden_2_Bijdragen_in_de_studie_van_de_metaaltijden_Leiden_Sidestone_Press_101_111">Kleijne, J.P. (2015): Barrows and burials of the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age from Velsen (Noord-Holland, the Netherlands). In: E.A.G. Ball & S. Arnoldussen (eds.), Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden, Leiden: Sidestone Press, 101-111.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metaaltijdenbundel 2</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In 2014 a project was conducted to study the cultural landscape of Bronze Age Kennemerland. Main ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In 2014 a project was conducted to study the cultural landscape of Bronze Age<br />Kennemerland. Main focus was the analysis of the old excavations at Velserbroek,<br />which produced evidence for both farmyards and burial monuments. Finally, an<br />opportunity to study the unique relationship between Bronze Age burials and settlements<br />in this area presented itself. In this paper the characteristics of the various<br />burial monuments in the Velsen region are addressed.1<br /> The barrows date from the<br />Bell Beaker Period onwards and present an extraordinary assemblage, with regard<br />to their spatial relationships, preservation and variety of burial types.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="72bef40fbe80b1e7bbb2beab5bb47503" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39258535,"asset_id":16921149,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39258535/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16921149"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16921149"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16921149; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16921149]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16921149]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16921149; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='16921149']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "72bef40fbe80b1e7bbb2beab5bb47503" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=16921149]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":16921149,"title":"Kleijne, J.P. 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In this paper the characteristics of the various\nburial monuments in the Velsen region are addressed.1\n The barrows date from the\nBell Beaker Period onwards and present an extraordinary assemblage, with regard\nto their spatial relationships, preservation and variety of burial types.","location":"Leiden","publisher":"Sidestone Press","ai_title_tag":"Bronze Age Barrows and Burials in Velsen","publication_name":"Metaaltijdenbundel 2"},"translated_abstract":"In 2014 a project was conducted to study the cultural landscape of Bronze Age\nKennemerland. Main focus was the analysis of the old excavations at Velserbroek,\nwhich produced evidence for both farmyards and burial monuments. Finally, an\nopportunity to study the unique relationship between Bronze Age burials and settlements\nin this area presented itself. 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In this paper the characteristics of the various\nburial monuments in the Velsen region are addressed.1\n The barrows date from the\nBell Beaker Period onwards and present an extraordinary assemblage, with regard\nto their spatial relationships, preservation and variety of burial types.","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":39258535,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39258535/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kleijne_2015_-_Barrows_and_burials_of_the_Late_Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age_from_Velsen.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39258535/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Kleijne_J_P_2015_Barrows_and_burials_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39258535/Kleijne_2015_-_Barrows_and_burials_of_the_Late_Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age_from_Velsen-libre.pdf?1445118276=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKleijne_J_P_2015_Barrows_and_burials_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1743701717\u0026Signature=V3w~osvxRWRxQYOz6-xqLp8uBwbXeJweuTEtomp-Ww7fFxqg8Nl9Az9aTpcgK2iq0ZnY0arL6-z-4herZf1Xpe~IbKDCS5-zeVq3ngv9tAmuUfcdNyEEYqzNLsOak8mUmDXVwQUcVhUK6qRo2Ie3Kmtre5c1eZVD7XexldpWv1GaS5258s9HAbhk1SyqTH4bH9Uy6kVxvJa~SF1tr6hLDAzq9KbpJB3Jix~D4L-GT0tci1laD~auhyCtFGFGJFjmY0GCMUhAcc2S~PngYjGrB2DbU7HsCf18OQtCxSHX7z7JygT9EOTVXt2v8neXeiWlfbTLkfMQt45lin8EIYcoSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_"},{"id":21432,"name":"Late Bronze Age archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age_archaeology"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":160397,"name":"Bell Beaker Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bell_Beaker_Culture"},{"id":231900,"name":"Barrows","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barrows"},{"id":562525,"name":"Bronze Age barrows","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_barrows"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-16921149-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10028711"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10028711/Synthesis_Zeewijk_A_mosaic_of_habitation_A_Corded_Ware_Cultere_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis-Zeewijk: A mosaic of habitation (A Corded Ware Cultere wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36161541/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10028711/Synthesis_Zeewijk_A_mosaic_of_habitation_A_Corded_Ware_Cultere_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_">Synthesis-Zeewijk: A mosaic of habitation (A Corded Ware Cultere wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/IngevanderJagt">Inge van der Jagt</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/HansPeeters">Hans Peeters</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THEUNISSEN, E.M., BRINKKEMPER, O., LAUWERIER, R.C.G.M., SMIT, B.I., & I.M.M.VAN.DER.JAGT (eds.) A Mosaic of habitation at Zeewijk (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Zeewijk is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Zeewijk is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded Ware Culture life in Noord-Holland that we set out to achieve in our project. Looking back at the analysis and publication of the fairly small sites at Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker, the new information added by the much larger site Zeewijk is fascinating. Because Zeewijk is very different in many respects – in terms of the backlog, size, quantity of finds and proportion excavated – its story is a valuable outcome of our Odyssey research project. <br />We can conclude that Zeewijk was a large domestic settlement, occupied all year round. In our view Zeewijk must be seen as a location where recurrent habitation took place, intensively, alternated with subsistence activities. It is a permanent mosaic of different assemblages: relocated dwellings, cultivated plots and the building and partial demolition of a remarkable ritual structure. <br />The habitants of Zeewijk carried out a broad spectrum of activities related to subsistence: mixed intensive farming (including small-scale crop cultivation, crop processing and <br />consumption, and animal herding and consumption), foraging, fishing, fowling and hunting all took place there. Furthermore there is ample evidence of craftsmanship. <br />This variety of local crafts, the construction and use of the large ceremonial building in Zeewijk-East and the large variation in ceramics are seen as indications that different groups of <br />Corded Ware people settled at Zeewijk. These groups were probably household groups, a community of several families, related by kinship both genetic and affinal.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2dfbfa72d8690169844a0bd01c899add" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36161541,"asset_id":10028711,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36161541/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10028711"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10028711"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10028711; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10028711]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10028711]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10028711; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10028711']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2dfbfa72d8690169844a0bd01c899add" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10028711]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10028711,"title":"Synthesis-Zeewijk: A mosaic of habitation (A Corded Ware Cultere wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Zeewijk is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded Ware Culture life in Noord-Holland that we set out to achieve in our project. Looking back at the analysis and publication of the fairly small sites at Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker, the new information added by the much larger site Zeewijk is fascinating. Because Zeewijk is very different in many respects – in terms of the backlog, size, quantity of finds and proportion excavated – its story is a valuable outcome of our Odyssey research project.\r\nWe can conclude that Zeewijk was a large domestic settlement, occupied all year round. In our view Zeewijk must be seen as a location where recurrent habitation took place, intensively, alternated with subsistence activities. 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Noord-Holland, Nederland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111878670/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115484459/Een_zoektocht_naar_de_kokerbijl_uit_Velsen_prov_Noord_Holland_Nederland">Een zoektocht naar de kokerbijl uit Velsen (prov. Noord-Holland, Nederland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lunula</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Someone asked me once: "are you sure this particular socketed axe, you published before, came fro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Someone asked me once: "are you sure this particular socketed axe, you published before, came from there?" What followed was a deep dive into all the possible options, searching archives, and asking all the people who might know this find. Spoiler: we had little to no result. So that's it, the axe is missing, no-one knows where/when/by whom exactly it was found, but it could have been found in Velsen..</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="007980d6403748fd88d8f748b75891c6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111878670,"asset_id":115484459,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111878670/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115484459"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115484459"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115484459; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115484459]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115484459]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115484459; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115484459']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "007980d6403748fd88d8f748b75891c6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115484459]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115484459,"title":"Een zoektocht naar de kokerbijl uit Velsen (prov. 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Evidence for communal waste management among hunter-gatherer-fishers at Riņņukalns, Latvia (5400-3200 BC)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110622923/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113737615/No_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_waste_management_among_hunter_gatherer_fishers_at_Ri%C5%86%C5%86ukalns_Latvia_5400_3200_BC_">No time to waste. Evidence for communal waste management among hunter-gatherer-fishers at Riņņukalns, Latvia (5400-3200 BC)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://lu-lv.academia.edu/M%C4%81rcisKalni%C5%86%C5%A1">Mārcis Kalniņš</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Quaternary Environments and Humans</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study discusses waste management by mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer-fisher communities at Riņņu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study discusses waste management by mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer-fisher communities at Riņņukalns, on the Salaca river in Latvia. It combines microscopic analyses with geochemistry and radiocarbon dating. We observe natural landscape changes and human responses, with Mesolithic and earlier Middle Neolithic occupation on the backswamp. During the later Middle Neolithic, we see a pattern of selective deposition of waste categories (food waste, combustion waste, and excrements) as part of collective waste management practices, which led to the formation of a shell midden. Analysis of these waste layers provides an alternative perspective on subsistence practices and craft activities. A dump of ochre production waste illustrates the burning of iron-rich sediments to obtain this pigment. These later Middle Neolithic hunter-gatherer-fisher communities had a collective approach to waste and waste management. The shell midden, which was also used for funerary rituals, can be regarded as a persistent and significant place in the landscape of these, perhaps not so mobile, communities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5618fa02cc1aa8917fa38695b73e8411" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110622923,"asset_id":113737615,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110622923/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113737615"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113737615"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113737615; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113737615]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113737615]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113737615; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113737615']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5618fa02cc1aa8917fa38695b73e8411" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113737615]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113737615,"title":"No time to waste. Evidence for communal waste management among hunter-gatherer-fishers at Riņņukalns, Latvia (5400-3200 BC)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100003","issue":"1","volume":"2","abstract":"This study discusses waste management by mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer-fisher communities at Riņņukalns, on the Salaca river in Latvia. It combines microscopic analyses with geochemistry and radiocarbon dating. We observe natural landscape changes and human responses, with Mesolithic and earlier Middle Neolithic occupation on the backswamp. During the later Middle Neolithic, we see a pattern of selective deposition of waste categories (food waste, combustion waste, and excrements) as part of collective waste management practices, which led to the formation of a shell midden. Analysis of these waste layers provides an alternative perspective on subsistence practices and craft activities. A dump of ochre production waste illustrates the burning of iron-rich sediments to obtain this pigment. These later Middle Neolithic hunter-gatherer-fisher communities had a collective approach to waste and waste management. The shell midden, which was also used for funerary rituals, can be regarded as a persistent and significant place in the landscape of these, perhaps not so mobile, communities.","ai_title_tag":"Collective Waste Management by Mid-Holocene Hunter-Gatherers","page_numbers":"100003","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans"},"translated_abstract":"This study discusses waste management by mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer-fisher communities at Riņņukalns, on the Salaca river in Latvia. It combines microscopic analyses with geochemistry and radiocarbon dating. We observe natural landscape changes and human responses, with Mesolithic and earlier Middle Neolithic occupation on the backswamp. 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Evidence for communal waste management among hunter-gatherer-fishers at Riņņukalns, Latvia (5400-3200 BC)"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":110622923,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110622923/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1_s2.0_S295023652400001X_main.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110622923/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"No_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_w.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/110622923/1_s2.0_S295023652400001X_main-libre.pdf?1705677358=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNo_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_w.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671783\u0026Signature=dzQn61M5ZwHGCJE~8OoJl1gNYtejHzkedjsU1KxCtdPbVnTgtI2Prs2kZZaFy4A0OOcXZefxrpb5qW~mD5NasejHf-N-bs6WRGg8-2ZhMJY1eYhIvBv4aTKP-9FtYXc~pNZh0cIssyo9PIqV1Mt9oB2pD6SfrNFHUCq0pbi1lf7hIawt1eb1EW4YzLUaGU~v46jgM~tuqxbnb57CfViCfXZT~L1S5S28sPkduEB1MYCDAlaVHcfzcphsMs~W98p8qD-qxrnqRaR08voQUR9ZL66VE5PJlOBH3gsHEwj5pGdGhO7IrFK0lr5zJQELmZQXOCOh8a6zn-CL0lwg8nUQAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"No_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_waste_management_among_hunter_gatherer_fishers_at_Riņņukalns_Latvia_5400_3200_BC_","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This study discusses waste management by mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer-fisher communities at Riņņukalns, on the Salaca river in Latvia. It combines microscopic analyses with geochemistry and radiocarbon dating. We observe natural landscape changes and human responses, with Mesolithic and earlier Middle Neolithic occupation on the backswamp. During the later Middle Neolithic, we see a pattern of selective deposition of waste categories (food waste, combustion waste, and excrements) as part of collective waste management practices, which led to the formation of a shell midden. Analysis of these waste layers provides an alternative perspective on subsistence practices and craft activities. A dump of ochre production waste illustrates the burning of iron-rich sediments to obtain this pigment. These later Middle Neolithic hunter-gatherer-fisher communities had a collective approach to waste and waste management. The shell midden, which was also used for funerary rituals, can be regarded as a persistent and significant place in the landscape of these, perhaps not so mobile, communities.","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":110622923,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110622923/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1_s2.0_S295023652400001X_main.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110622923/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"No_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_w.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/110622923/1_s2.0_S295023652400001X_main-libre.pdf?1705677358=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNo_time_to_waste_Evidence_for_communal_w.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671783\u0026Signature=dzQn61M5ZwHGCJE~8OoJl1gNYtejHzkedjsU1KxCtdPbVnTgtI2Prs2kZZaFy4A0OOcXZefxrpb5qW~mD5NasejHf-N-bs6WRGg8-2ZhMJY1eYhIvBv4aTKP-9FtYXc~pNZh0cIssyo9PIqV1Mt9oB2pD6SfrNFHUCq0pbi1lf7hIawt1eb1EW4YzLUaGU~v46jgM~tuqxbnb57CfViCfXZT~L1S5S28sPkduEB1MYCDAlaVHcfzcphsMs~W98p8qD-qxrnqRaR08voQUR9ZL66VE5PJlOBH3gsHEwj5pGdGhO7IrFK0lr5zJQELmZQXOCOh8a6zn-CL0lwg8nUQAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4997,"name":"Mesolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":7325,"name":"Archaeological Soil Micromorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Soil_Micromorphology"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management"},{"id":41578,"name":"Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherer_Archaeology"},{"id":66892,"name":"Chronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronology"},{"id":70250,"name":"Archaeology of shell middens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_shell_middens"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-113737615-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108429832"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108429832/A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character_and_chronology_of_a_Late_Neolithic_shell_midden_in_the_western_Baltic"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A new perspective on Tegelbarg: character and chronology of a Late Neolithic shell midden in the western Baltic" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106816002/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108429832/A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character_and_chronology_of_a_Late_Neolithic_shell_midden_in_the_western_Baltic">A new perspective on Tegelbarg: character and chronology of a Late Neolithic shell midden in the western Baltic</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The site of Tegelbarg can be described as a Late Neolithic stratified occupation deposit, includi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The site of Tegelbarg can be described as a Late Neolithic stratified occupation deposit, including a shell midden, situated on the Baltic coast in Northern Europe. Spatially and temporally separated from its famous Danish counterparts, it presents an intriguing anomaly in a full-fledged agricultural society. We present a combined perspective on the chronology and the character of this occupation using archaeological soil micromorphology and the Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates. The earliest human presence predates the shell midden formation. A coffin grave, in which a crouched inhumation burial was placed, dates to the middle of the 3 rd millennium BC. The late 3 rd millennium BC occupants provided a flint dagger to this grave, up to two centuries later, as an act of remembrance. Subsequent settlement activities included the construction of hearths, the production of flint daggers, and the intensive use of coastal resources. The absence of fish bones can be explained by taphonomy, instead of prehistoric subsistence strategies. Landscape changes led to the site's abandonment and the start of peat development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-108429832-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-108429832-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373243/figure-1-map-of-mesolithic-and-neolithic-shell-middens-along"><img alt="Fig.1 Map of Mesolithic and Neolithic shell middens along the Atlantic Coast, including the Middle/Late Neolithic shell middens from Germany and the Netherlands (updated from Gutiérrez-Zugasti et al. 2011) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373252/figure-3-regional-soil-map-archaeology-map-taken-from"><img alt="a regional soil map/archaeology map taken from Meurers-Balke et al 1985, fig. 3 and fig. 10) Fig. 2 The location of the shell midden of Tegelbarg in Schleswig- Holstein (SRTM base-map, with topographic map (OpenStreetMap) of the regional topography and the site of Tegelbarg indicated, and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373259/figure-3-threshold-kia-kia-the-two-shell-dates-are-more"><img alt="5% threshold (KIA-43920/KIA-55748). The two shell dates are more problematic, as their 7-values are much higher, and therefore the two 2011 shell dates (KIA-43950 and KIA- 43952) are excluded. Concluding we state that most of the 2011-dates are acceptable. Therefore, six of the combined 2011-2021 dates are included in our Bayesian model. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373267/figure-4-north-profile-with-the-location-of-the-profile"><img alt="Fig.4 North profile with the location of the profile column used for micromorphology and radiocarbon dating (adapted from Hofgen 2018, Fig. 7) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373278/figure-5-overview-of-the-thin-sections-from-the-column-the"><img alt="Fig. 5 Overview of the thin sections from the column, the discerned microfacies and the location of Figs. 5—8 (note the duplicated slide 6 on the top of the profile, left is slide TEG19_006A, right is slide TEG19_006B) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373288/figure-6-new-perspective-on-tegelbarg-character-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373293/figure-7-groundmass-with-spongy-mull-fabric-quartz-grains"><img alt="Fig. 7 Groundmass G2 with a spongy mull fabric, quartz grains, clay coatings, and both charred and uncharred organic matter (probably a more recent rootlet) Fig.8 Natural phenomena: Fe/ Mn-stained shells in G2, fungal sclerotium in G2 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373303/figure-13-taphonomy-and-changes-in-environmental-conditions"><img alt="taphonomy and changes in environmental conditions before, during, and after occupation, all 21 bone fragments were studied for their bioerosion characteristics (birefringence, fluorescence, shape, structure, colour), and compared to a wide body of literature available (Huisman et al. 2017; Br6nnimann et al. 2018, 2020a, 2020b; Turner-Walker 2012, 2019; Turner-Walker and Jans 2008; Ismail-Meyer et al. 2020; Trueman and Martill 2002; Trueman et al. 2004; Booth 2016; Booth and Madgwick 2016). Three kinds of degradation are visible (see Fig. 13): Firstly, bones 6, 7, 10, 11, and 20 show signs of a chemical or physi- cal weathering process. Such bone fragments are described as having an angular-blocky structure by Huisman et al. (2017). Three kinds of degradation are visible (see Fig. 13): Firstly, having an angular-blocky structure by Huisman et al. (2017). all = »* idl A second type of bone degradation present at Tegelbarg is tunnelling in both bone 1, 12, and 15. The three bones " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373310/figure-14-flint-in-total-pieces-of-flint-were-observed-in"><img alt="Flint In total, 5 pieces of flint were observed in the thin sections. All the pieces are small and indicative of the micro-debitage of flint working activities occurring at the site (cf. Arnold 1973, 1974, 1981b, 1990, see Fig. 14). The flint fragments itself are angular in shape, with sharp and prominent curved boundaries, and have a smooth surface (cf. Angelucci 2010, 2017). The flint fragments are found throughout the profile, indicating that flint working activities took place throughout the occupation of the site. Microfacies description Based on the presence, distribution, abundance and charac- teristics of anthropogenic admixtures, and their relation to the two groundmasses and the natural phenomena, we can distinguish four distinct microfacies (see Fig. 15). mF1: This microfacies is found in a G1 groundmass, together with dusty clay coatings. If consists of clumped aggregates of anthropogenic material (charred organic matter, undegraded shell, ash, soil material), and loose " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373316/table-5-overview-of-all-the-bone-fragments-from-the-thin"><img alt="Table 5 Overview of all the bone fragments from the thin sections and their character " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373322/figure-13-selection-of-three-bone-fragments-from-tegelbarg"><img alt="Fig. 13 A selection of three bone fragments from Tegelbarg, showing blocky degradation (bone 6), cyanobacterial tunneling (bone 12), anc modification caused by heat (bone 9) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373327/figure-12-the-end-of-occupation-and-the-start-of-peat"><img alt="the end of occupation and the start of peat formation. More perspectives on this, from for instance palynology (Meurers-Balke et al. 1985), would be necessary to test this hypothesis. The chronology of use for the lower-lying lagoon, in which the gyttja was de The chronological mode osition of occupational d the occupation well into posited, remains relatively unclear. indicates a possibly continued dep- ebris in this environment, extending the 2™ millennium BC, but this can be caused by the inaccuracies of older radiocarbon determi- nations. The finds from tl he excavations clearly do not support this late occupation since almost no Bronze Age artefacts (such as flint daggers o f late types, or Bronze age pottery) were recorded. Future work in soil micromorphology and radiocarbon dating, on any coastal settlement, should there- fore focus on obtaining samples from all depositional envi- ronments, in order to understand their formation processes. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373342/figure-13-new-perspective-on-tegelbarg-character-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373351/figure-16-harris-matrix-of-tegelbarg-stratigraphy"><img alt="Fig. 16 Harris matrix of Tegelbarg stratigraphy " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373356/figure-15-pit-and-interment-of-an-individual-on-charred"><img alt="pit, and interment of an individual on a charred coffin or deathbed, between 2706 and 2477 cal BC. the significant differences in soil characteristics between the primary fill and the secondary fill (including the amount of shells) and the lack of collagen in the bone from the grave that was sampled for 14C dating, it is more likely towards the longer end of this 0-176-year interval. This indicates that personal, or active memories, were present between the people who buried the deceased and those who provided the flint dagger (cf. Miiller 2018). It now becomes clear that depositing a flint dagger into this grave, should be seen as a very significant act by which later communities acknowledge their ties to earlier groups on this outcrop. This funerary practice using a wooden coffin (known in German as a Bohlensarg) is not uncommon for the Corded Ware phenomenon in the Cimbrian Peninsula and primarily found in the Younger Neolithic. This possible attribution agrees with our radiocarbon date for the grave (see Hiibner 2005, 500-512). Further archaeological traces of the Corded Ware phenomenon at the site of Tegelbarg are scarce. Two cord-decorated sherds and a single fragment of a battle axe were found in the shell midden layer, probably the result of reworking activities of the subsoil similar to mF1, but not in the vicinity of the burial (Arnold 1981b, 155). — im ~ Funerary practices are often found on shell midden sites. Well known are the shell midden burials of Téviec and Hoédic in Brittany, France (e.g. Boulestin 2016; Dupont and Marchand 2020), the shell mounds in Santa Catarina, The chronological model points to 0-176 years between the grave construction and the dagger inclusion. Based on " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373359/table-1-archaeological-soil-micromorphology-samples-the"><img alt="Table 1 Archaeological soil micromorphology samples, the depths within the profile column, and the stratigraphic contexts from which the were taken " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373363/table-2-overview-of-all-the-radiocarbon-determinations"><img alt="Table 2 Overview of all the radiocarbon determinations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373366/table-3-indicating-that-such-secondary-calcites-could-also"><img alt="indicating that such secondary calcites could also have been reworked. The smaller cemented clusters of ash, sometimes with shells, indicates that the remains of fires and shells were collected and discarded. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373369/table-4-new-perspective-on-tegelbarg-character-and"><img alt="Table 4 Micromorphological observations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106816002/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/28373375/table-5-particles-of-charred-organic-matter-and-shell"><img alt="particles of charred organic matter and shell fragments. This mF is present in MO02 (see Figs. 5 and 15). It is clearly the result of reworking of the G1 groundmass, and a barren soil formed after vegetation clearance, in the older sedimentary deposits at the time of the first midden deposition. mB): Thic microfaciee ic fatnnd in a QI ornindmace ples. Dispersed between these shells are fragments of charred organic matter, ash clusters, and highly degraded fragments bone. This mF is present in M003 and M004 (see Figs. 5 and 15). It can be interpreted as the dumping of shells and occupational waste. mF3: This microfacies is found in a G2 groundmass and consists of fragments of shells in a random orientation and not interconnected. Reworking is relatively minor, showing no rounded edges on charred organic matter. 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Spatially and temporally separated from its famous Danish counterparts, it presents an intriguing anomaly in a full-fledged agricultural society. We present a combined perspective on the chronology and the character of this occupation using archaeological soil micromorphology and the Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates. The earliest human presence predates the shell midden formation. A coffin grave, in which a crouched inhumation burial was placed, dates to the middle of the 3 rd millennium BC. The late 3 rd millennium BC occupants provided a flint dagger to this grave, up to two centuries later, as an act of remembrance. Subsequent settlement activities included the construction of hearths, the production of flint daggers, and the intensive use of coastal resources. The absence of fish bones can be explained by taphonomy, instead of prehistoric subsistence strategies. Landscape changes led to the site's abandonment and the start of peat development.","ai_title_tag":"Character and Chronology of the Tegelbarg Shell Midden","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"The site of Tegelbarg can be described as a Late Neolithic stratified occupation deposit, including a shell midden, situated on the Baltic coast in Northern Europe. Spatially and temporally separated from its famous Danish counterparts, it presents an intriguing anomaly in a full-fledged agricultural society. We present a combined perspective on the chronology and the character of this occupation using archaeological soil micromorphology and the Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates. The earliest human presence predates the shell midden formation. A coffin grave, in which a crouched inhumation burial was placed, dates to the middle of the 3 rd millennium BC. The late 3 rd millennium BC occupants provided a flint dagger to this grave, up to two centuries later, as an act of remembrance. Subsequent settlement activities included the construction of hearths, the production of flint daggers, and the intensive use of coastal resources. The absence of fish bones can be explained by taphonomy, instead of prehistoric subsistence strategies. Landscape changes led to the site's abandonment and the start of peat development.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108429832/A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character_and_chronology_of_a_Late_Neolithic_shell_midden_in_the_western_Baltic","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-21T12:20:25.330-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":61854,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":40461755,"work_id":108429832,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":1118348,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"h***n@cultureelerfgoed.nl","affiliation":"Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands","display_order":1,"name":"Hans Huisman","title":"A new perspective on Tegelbarg: character and chronology of a Late Neolithic shell midden in the western Baltic"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106816002,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106816002/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tegelbarg_AAS.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106816002/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106816002/Tegelbarg_AAS-libre.pdf?1697917600=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character.pdf\u0026Expires=1743701716\u0026Signature=VosYpGM0z1WKVkqscoJ2VNraJxsb5g5kea3fX4zo9CByRZFq8eOkIXLT6MAFRR9-x6wWRHCYFtvh4YCeLEuAFwKzis-9p9nLK67QZiITgbhaRFOO1SpCCzWaUdvo6DlSngYAUYYvENbytjIG1rxZ2aQHROHtcH4H54FzoF7FKv78rhb1fwnRu5q0O~hUPlsSWgSbZ~z~4o4Va3WVOPvQNcxM4hwIIqlxi9fqxV10-YpzoSZextFXBuwY3W32vJD6MLsMDg2-QHk4KVVhv42brTd5~JkG99wWzWDtkD46B0ncmnNm0uk5Z09UqYr~bpvwUpPvAC~~KpZCmAzMuqKwsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character_and_chronology_of_a_Late_Neolithic_shell_midden_in_the_western_Baltic","translated_slug":"","page_count":24,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The site of Tegelbarg can be described as a Late Neolithic stratified occupation deposit, including a shell midden, situated on the Baltic coast in Northern Europe. Spatially and temporally separated from its famous Danish counterparts, it presents an intriguing anomaly in a full-fledged agricultural society. We present a combined perspective on the chronology and the character of this occupation using archaeological soil micromorphology and the Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates. The earliest human presence predates the shell midden formation. A coffin grave, in which a crouched inhumation burial was placed, dates to the middle of the 3 rd millennium BC. The late 3 rd millennium BC occupants provided a flint dagger to this grave, up to two centuries later, as an act of remembrance. Subsequent settlement activities included the construction of hearths, the production of flint daggers, and the intensive use of coastal resources. The absence of fish bones can be explained by taphonomy, instead of prehistoric subsistence strategies. Landscape changes led to the site's abandonment and the start of peat development.","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":106816002,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106816002/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tegelbarg_AAS.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106816002/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106816002/Tegelbarg_AAS-libre.pdf?1697917600=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_new_perspective_on_Tegelbarg_character.pdf\u0026Expires=1743701716\u0026Signature=VosYpGM0z1WKVkqscoJ2VNraJxsb5g5kea3fX4zo9CByRZFq8eOkIXLT6MAFRR9-x6wWRHCYFtvh4YCeLEuAFwKzis-9p9nLK67QZiITgbhaRFOO1SpCCzWaUdvo6DlSngYAUYYvENbytjIG1rxZ2aQHROHtcH4H54FzoF7FKv78rhb1fwnRu5q0O~hUPlsSWgSbZ~z~4o4Va3WVOPvQNcxM4hwIIqlxi9fqxV10-YpzoSZextFXBuwY3W32vJD6MLsMDg2-QHk4KVVhv42brTd5~JkG99wWzWDtkD46B0ncmnNm0uk5Z09UqYr~bpvwUpPvAC~~KpZCmAzMuqKwsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7325,"name":"Archaeological Soil Micromorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Soil_Micromorphology"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":14492,"name":"Coastal and Island Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_and_Island_Archaeology"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":70250,"name":"Archaeology of shell middens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_shell_middens"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-108429832-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="100434435"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/100434435/The_times_they_are_a_changing_Reconsidering_the_occupation_history_and_character_of_a_3rd_millennium_BCE_settlement_in_the_Lower_Rhine_Area"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The times they are a-changing. Reconsidering the occupation history and character of a 3rd millennium BCE settlement in the Lower Rhine Area" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101259776/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/100434435/The_times_they_are_a_changing_Reconsidering_the_occupation_history_and_character_of_a_3rd_millennium_BCE_settlement_in_the_Lower_Rhine_Area">The times they are a-changing. Reconsidering the occupation history and character of a 3rd millennium BCE settlement in the Lower Rhine Area</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A re-analysis of soil micromorphology samples and radiocarbon dates was undertaken at the Middle ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A re-analysis of soil micromorphology samples and radiocarbon dates was undertaken at the Middle to Late Neolithic settlement of N11, Hazerswoude-Rijndijk, in the Netherlands. The site, located on crevasse deposits of the river Rhine, was previously dated between 3200 and 2500 BCE. Our re-analysis allows us to place the occupation firmly in the 3rd millennium BCE, which holds implications for our understanding of a pivotal transformation process in Northwest European prehistory. At the same time, it presents us a very informative picture of domestic activities including both the remains of combustion next to a dwelling structure, dating to the first phase of occupation, and the dumping of organic waste with varying degrees of intensity throughout the whole habitation period. Finally, we have shown that a combined approach of archaeological soil micromorphology and a critical analysis of radiocarbon dating, can strengthen interpretations of site chronology and characterising socio-cultural processes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5763506b21dbb0545e51ca7132fdebb5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":101259776,"asset_id":100434435,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101259776/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="100434435"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="100434435"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 100434435; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=100434435]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=100434435]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 100434435; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='100434435']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5763506b21dbb0545e51ca7132fdebb5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=100434435]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":100434435,"title":"The times they are a-changing. Reconsidering the occupation history and character of a 3rd millennium BCE settlement in the Lower Rhine Area","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.103982","grobid_abstract":"A re-analysis of soil micromorphology samples and radiocarbon dates was undertaken at the Middle to Late Neolithic settlement of N11, Hazerswoude-Rijndijk, in the Netherlands. The site, located on crevasse deposits of the river Rhine, was previously dated between 3200 and 2500 BCE. Our re-analysis allows us to place the occupation firmly in the 3rd millennium BCE, which holds implications for our understanding of a pivotal transformation process in Northwest European prehistory. At the same time, it presents us a very informative picture of domestic activities including both the remains of combustion next to a dwelling structure, dating to the first phase of occupation, and the dumping of organic waste with varying degrees of intensity throughout the whole habitation period. Finally, we have shown that a combined approach of archaeological soil micromorphology and a critical analysis of radiocarbon dating, can strengthen interpretations of site chronology and characterising socio-cultural processes.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":101259776},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100434435/The_times_they_are_a_changing_Reconsidering_the_occupation_history_and_character_of_a_3rd_millennium_BCE_settlement_in_the_Lower_Rhine_Area","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-04-19T04:22:18.971-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":61854,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":39770329,"work_id":100434435,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":1118348,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"h***n@cultureelerfgoed.nl","affiliation":"Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands","display_order":1,"name":"Hans Huisman","title":"The times they are a-changing. 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The site, located on crevasse deposits of the river Rhine, was previously dated between 3200 and 2500 BCE. Our re-analysis allows us to place the occupation firmly in the 3rd millennium BCE, which holds implications for our understanding of a pivotal transformation process in Northwest European prehistory. At the same time, it presents us a very informative picture of domestic activities including both the remains of combustion next to a dwelling structure, dating to the first phase of occupation, and the dumping of organic waste with varying degrees of intensity throughout the whole habitation period. Finally, we have shown that a combined approach of archaeological soil micromorphology and a critical analysis of radiocarbon dating, can strengthen interpretations of site chronology and characterising socio-cultural processes.","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":101259776,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101259776/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1_s2.0_S2352409X23001578_main_1_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101259776/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_times_they_are_a_changing_Reconsider.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/101259776/1_s2.0_S2352409X23001578_main_1_-libre.pdf?1681904501=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_times_they_are_a_changing_Reconsider.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671783\u0026Signature=QLl63SC4GhNI~84H20Jx15jLmRTfF-doGvyea8dVrR4Zx7jODiDMXw2vQJgEtX4RqCT5W42HbWP1LzsheY-nGg4L0CZqiwx9nlNoS45V0vgNS1JpCeyy-C5q25gR~jvpkryNL-pQ6wz8NNO8FHVRXObIqwsd-FH2ymWXUz-R~OOxA7rIeZNoQzInkcxNG3NnkJSNzTB3YM4EdUC2STQqjgI9XM06Ekx7W~UAopdQ1sQOyTlGlV~7FxXtfDWy5oWvmf9MM~P0MRD4AHKBO24iBg5EF0Sr3U26ofqWjdQzRfTJqAHOnwTaDCAejl15uNpuzOSvc96sDIL~T806Pbtwqw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-100434435-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82143481"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82143481/An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_in_the_Netherlands"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Overview of Bell Beaker house plans in the Netherlands" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87944105/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82143481/An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_in_the_Netherlands">An Overview of Bell Beaker house plans in the Netherlands</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Bell Beaker Settlement of Europe. The Bell Beaker phenomenon from a domestic perspective</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c8d71efc01583243ca4068a0d8203879" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87944105,"asset_id":82143481,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87944105/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82143481"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82143481"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82143481; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82143481]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82143481]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82143481; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82143481']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c8d71efc01583243ca4068a0d8203879" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82143481]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82143481,"title":"An Overview of Bell Beaker house plans in the Netherlands","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"This article reviews the archaeological evidence and interpretations of potential house plans related to the Bell Beaker phenomenon in the Netherlands during the Late Neolithic period (c. 2400-1900 BC). Despite previous studies that aimed to identify and validate these structures, the existing dataset is largely inadequate, leading to ongoing debates regarding the functionality and reliability of supposed house plans. The findings indicate significant challenges in recognizing regular layouts as definitive criteria for house plans, as illustrated by excavations from various sites. Future research is encouraged to enhance understanding of Bell Beaker settlement in the region.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Bell Beaker Settlement of Europe. The Bell Beaker phenomenon from a domestic perspective"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82143481/An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_in_the_Netherlands","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-24T01:29:07.145-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":61854,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":38439293,"work_id":82143481,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":5787988,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***k@gmail.com","display_order":1,"name":"Erik Drenth","title":"An Overview of Bell Beaker house plans in the Netherlands"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87944105,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87944105/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"16_BB_Settlement_PSRP9_rev.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87944105/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87944105/16_BB_Settlement_PSRP9_rev-libre.pdf?1656066981=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671783\u0026Signature=PTObxbJpiqjZi0T3GfPU6zytpHYLE~vHalGDQMMDbH7MABAA0czjl4Wk7Ai0zc7usObFm5icgXH8toIdskLmFcf88a8LpSIDo46o0XoLpGzFzUzPDLg6OPszb0JXedeIFwt8Ji30ZCpJ98jgvLvzJDvoafdLt-UA2bD5~cAfxjLnomah0qP4VKoF41~VeSl2kaHkp9xiZYR5qwscNHbWtKp4jg9c31VaW6hNkjKxJ~BRMBP81N2TVVE1RB8VMImKAWmYcoPmRTf7tP4rH1Fcv4KkzCEASaRBAJqRMzDWYuzCw-gOBxl8jCQhh1QPcwQaWsANnkoMxh-KcpxIpwo3bQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_in_the_Netherlands","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":87944105,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87944105/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"16_BB_Settlement_PSRP9_rev.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87944105/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87944105/16_BB_Settlement_PSRP9_rev-libre.pdf?1656066981=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Overview_of_Bell_Beaker_house_plans_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671783\u0026Signature=PTObxbJpiqjZi0T3GfPU6zytpHYLE~vHalGDQMMDbH7MABAA0czjl4Wk7Ai0zc7usObFm5icgXH8toIdskLmFcf88a8LpSIDo46o0XoLpGzFzUzPDLg6OPszb0JXedeIFwt8Ji30ZCpJ98jgvLvzJDvoafdLt-UA2bD5~cAfxjLnomah0qP4VKoF41~VeSl2kaHkp9xiZYR5qwscNHbWtKp4jg9c31VaW6hNkjKxJ~BRMBP81N2TVVE1RB8VMImKAWmYcoPmRTf7tP4rH1Fcv4KkzCEASaRBAJqRMzDWYuzCw-gOBxl8jCQhh1QPcwQaWsANnkoMxh-KcpxIpwo3bQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":12721,"name":"Bell Beakers (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bell_Beakers_Archaeology_"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":40780,"name":"Settlement archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_archaeology"},{"id":412240,"name":"Bell Beakers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bell_Beakers"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-82143481-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57429651"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57429651/Taste_of_Honey_Food_from_the_Bronze_Age_coastal_site_of_Velsen_Waterland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Taste of Honey. Food from the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72338399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57429651/Taste_of_Honey_Food_from_the_Bronze_Age_coastal_site_of_Velsen_Waterland">Taste of Honey. Food from the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metaaltijden 8. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-57429651-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-57429651-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10213020/figure-2-taste-of-honey-food-from-the-bronze-age-coastal"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/72338399/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10213014/figure-1-taste-of-honey-food-from-the-bronze-age-coastal"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/72338399/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10213027/figure-1-location-of-velsen-waterland-the-recorded-trenches"><img alt="Figure 1. Location of Velsen-Waterland. A: The recorded trenches on the current topography (trench 29 is the location described here), B: The palaeogeographical situation around Velsen c1500 BC (after Vos et al. 2011); C: Location of the site in the Netherlands. Velsen Waterland was re-examined by returning to the old excavation drawings and photos, and by conducting a study of the pottery, stone, and metal artefacts. New radiocarbon dates were obtained from bone and foodcrusts. The bone assemblage was studied focusing on identifying species, size, and age distribution as well as oth- er characteristics such as butchering traces and artefact production (Zeiler 2017). In addition, a combined botanical and chemical study of organic residues encrusted on ceramic vessels was undertaken using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for the " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/72338399/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10213033/figure-2-profile-of-trench-with-the-five-cultural-layers"><img alt="Figure 2. Profile of trench 29, with the five cultural layers clearly visible. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/72338399/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10213039/table-1-taste-of-honey-food-from-the-bronze-age-coastal-site"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/72338399/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-57429651-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59b3ee33be9863531c4f8535a8dd6026" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":72338399,"asset_id":57429651,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72338399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="57429651"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57429651"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57429651; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57429651]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57429651]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57429651; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='57429651']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59b3ee33be9863531c4f8535a8dd6026" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=57429651]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":57429651,"title":"Taste of Honey. Food from the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"This research focuses on the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland, providing insights into the culinary practices of the time. Through the examination of pottery, organic residues, and other artefacts, the study highlights the presence of honey and beeswax in cooking, specifically in a porridge-like dish. Dates range from 2200 to 1200 BC, suggesting a complex dietary incorporation of local resources, and emphasizing the need for further excavation to clarify stratigraphic connections and domestic practices.","ai_title_tag":"Bronze Age Culinary Practices at Velsen","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metaaltijden 8. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57429651/Taste_of_Honey_Food_from_the_Bronze_Age_coastal_site_of_Velsen_Waterland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-12T23:56:49.669-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":61854,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":36984108,"work_id":57429651,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":16861048,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***s@aol.com","display_order":1,"name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","title":"Taste of Honey. Food from the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland"},{"id":36984109,"work_id":57429651,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":8984827,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***a@xs4all.nl","display_order":2,"name":"Tania F M Oudemans","title":"Taste of Honey. Food from the Bronze Age coastal site of Velsen Waterland"},{"id":36984110,"work_id":57429651,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":32131165,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***e@planet.nl","display_order":3,"name":"Jørn Zeiler","title":"Taste of Honey. 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A re-analysis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Late Neolithic in Schleswig-Holstein is a period about which not much is known. A re-analysis of two old excavations near Archsum on the island of Sylt provides us with a case study on both domestic and funerary behaviour dating to the later part of the 3rd millennium BC. The LA 65 site consists of a longhouse with a sunken floor, ploughmarks and pits which contain both Common Ware and Bell Beaker pottery, and a grave with a Scandinavian flint dagger. On the other hand, LA 127 consists of a megalithic grave in which a secondary cremation burial was deposited, along with artefacts showing a complicated</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-49077624-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-49077624-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427058/figure-4-archsum-la-complete-excavation-plan-with-all-late"><img alt="Fig. 4. Archsum LA 65. Complete excavation plan with all Late Neolithic features (excavation plan after WiRTH 1994, pl. 3; attribution of features: J. P. Brozio/Kiel University " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427067/figure-5-archsum-la-the-late-neolithic-house-with-profiles"><img alt="Fig. 5. Archsum LA65. The Late Neolithic house with profiles of the postholes (Graphics: R. Opitz and A. Pfeiffer/both Kiel University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427079/figure-6-archsum-la-most-important-late-neolithic-finds-bell"><img alt="Fig. 6. Archsum LA 65. Most important Late Neolithic finds: 1 Bell beaker with geometric ornamentation; 2 winged flint arrowhead; 3 lancet-shaped flint dagger; scale 1:2 (Drawings: 1 S. Beyer; 2-3 A. Pfeiffer/both Kiel University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427023/figure-2-digital-elevation-model-of-northern-germany-show"><img alt="Fig. 2. Digital Elevation Model of Northern Germany, show- ing the North Frisian Islands (inset shows the location of Fig. 3; base map: SRTM; graphics: R. Opitz/Kiel University). Fig. 1. The location of Sylt in Europe (inset shows the location of Fig. 2; graphics: R. Opitz/Kiel University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427036/figure-2-near-the-ancestors-at-archsum-contemporaneous-bell"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427048/figure-3-the-village-of-archsum-with-sites-mentioned-in-the"><img alt="Fig. 3. The village of Archsum with sites mentioned in the text (Landesaufnahme LA 1-107: KERsTEN/LA BAUME 1958; LA 108-169: Kossack et al. 1980; base map: OSM/OpenStreetMap contributors). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427095/figure-8-archsum-la-trench-planum-after-schwarz-lander"><img alt="Fig. 8. Archsum LA 127. Trench 3a, planum 2 (after SCHWARZ LANDER 1993, 493 fig. 92b). contained both a pit datable to the Roman period, and a medieval occupation layer, below a thick humic band and topsoil. In trench 3, 18 sherds of decorated Fun- nel Beaker pottery were found (SCHWARZLANDER 1993, pl 5,1-18), along with six flint flakes, a flint borer and four fragments of amber, associated with a con- centration of stones (ibid. 488). These finds are also co- vered by a thick humic band and the topsoil (HARCK 987, 28). Because of these Funnel Beaker finds and he associated stone concentration, trench 3 was ex- ended (trench 3a) for a full-scale excavation. This ex- cavation revealed the extent of a megalithic grave, de- scribed by Schwarzlander as a Rechteckdolmen. These ypes of dolmen (also known as extended dolmen, elongated dolmen, Grofsdolmen in German or stordysse in Danish) are a type of megalithic monument defined by their upright slabstones, flat capstones and two or hree bays of opposing orthostats and an axial, someti- mes slanting marked access (MULLER, J. 2014, 190). As he megalithic grave of Archsum LA 127 is destroyed, only the sockets of the eight orthostats remain. Pro- bably two capstones would have covered the orthos- ats. On the basis of these sockets, the megalith would have measured at least 2.50m in length and 1.50m in width. The axis of the entrance is slanted towards the southeast. A comparable megalith was excavated by Kiel University at Liidelsen 3 in northen Saxony-An- halt (DEMNICK et al. 2008), where a similar configura- ion of orthostats and capstones was discovered, with a slanted access towards the west. At Archsum, the " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427109/figure-7-archsum-la-trench-planum-after-schwarzz-lander"><img alt="Fig. 7, Archsum LA 127. Trench 3a, planum 1 (after ScHWARZz- LANDER 1993, 492 fig. 92a). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427121/figure-9-archsum-la-trench-planum-after-schwarz-lander"><img alt="Fig. 9. Archsum LA 127. Trench 3a, planum 3 (after SCHWARZ- LANDER 1993, 493 fig. 92). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427139/figure-10-archsum-la-amber-disc-scale-photo-klei-jne"><img alt="Fig. 10. Archsum LA 127. Amber disc; scale 1:1 (Photo: J. P. Klei- jne/Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427150/figure-11-archsum-la-mace-head-scale-photo-klei-jne"><img alt="Fig. 11. Archsum LA 127. Mace-head; scale 1:1 (Photo: J. P. Klei- jne/Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427160/figure-12-archsum-la-wristguard-scale-note-that-the-pin-on"><img alt="Fig. 12. Archsum LA 127. Wristguard; scale 1:1 (note that the pin on the backside is a fastening mechanism for the museum exhibition; photo: J. P. Kleijne/Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427183/figure-13-archsum-la-bayesian-model-for-the-megalithic-grave"><img alt="Fig. 13. Archsum LA 127. Bayesian model for the megalithic grave (Graphics: J. P. Kleijne/Groningen University). that the interval between the two dates calculates as 1258-1542 years (95.4 % probability), which means that, at a probability of 95.4 %, more than 1258 years passed between the dated events and the two different episodes in using the monument. This is consistent with the typochronological phasing obtained above. of the secondary burial, by creating a Bayesian mod. el. This allows for a clearer understanding on the time passed between the two events and the social process es involved here (cf. MULLER, J. 2018; WHITTLE 2018) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427190/figure-14-the-contemporaneity-of-dagger-graves-bell-beaker"><img alt="Fig. 14. The contemporaneity of dagger graves, Bell Beaker graves and Late Neolithic settlements in Schleswig-Holstein (Graphics: J. P. Kleijne/Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427206/figure-15-funerary-contexts-in-schleswig-holstein-associated"><img alt="Fig. 15. Funerary contexts in Schleswig-Holstein associated with Bell Beaker artefacts. 1 Archsum 127; 2 GroSenbornholt grave 2; 3 Aasbiittel barrow F grave 6; 4 Lockstedter Lager; 5 Bad Bram- stedt; 6 Bad Oldesloe; 7 Putlos (Graphics: J. P. Kleijne/Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427226/figure-16-the-combined-cord-and-cardium-decorated-pottery"><img alt="Fig. 16. The combined cord and Cardium decorated pottery ves- sel from Putlos, Oldenburg, East Holstein (Photo: J.P. Kleijne/ Groningen University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427259/figure-17-the-wristguard-of-neversdorf-photo-kleijne-gro"><img alt="Fig. 17. The wristguard of Neversdorf (Photo: J. P. Kleijne/Gro- ningen University). A new inventory of stone wristguards from across Southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany shows that most examples are of the broad and cur- ved types A-C. The narrow and straight types D-G are found only at Myrhoj (type F) and at Bars- mark (type G) in Jutland. While most wristguards are stray finds, the examples from Myrhoj in Denmark " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427280/figure-18-stone-wristguards-in-northern-germany-and-scandina"><img alt="Fig. 18. Stone wristguards in Northern Germany and Scandina- via. 1 Tralau; 2 Archsum; 3 Hoptrup; 4 Barsmark; 5 Battin; 8 Klep- tow; 9 Lanz 14; 10 Liepen 5; 11 Mechow; 12 Myrhgj; 13 Pasewalk; 14 Riigen; 15 Sahl; 16 Techentin; 17 Valluhn; 18 Wustermark; 19 Helnees; 20 Hvidberg; 21 Lolland; 22 Schlieben (Graphics: J.P. Kleijne/Groningen University). Funerary finds are rare. Next to the Archsum LA 127 funerary context, there are four other wrist- guards from funerary contexts. A single wrist- guard made of limestone was found in a possib- e grave, without any further details, at Mechow in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (type B; WETZEL 1976). Three further wristguards were found in mega- iths in Denmark. These wristguards come from Stensbjerg, sgn. Sonder Hoptrup, south of Haders- ev (type A; Skov 1970, 1) and on two occasions from he peninsula of Helnzes: from sgn. Sahl south of As- sens on Fyn (type A; Skov 1970, 2) and from Dams- bo (type A; ANDERSEN 2010, 12-13). The wristguard from Sahl near Helnzs, made of a red fine grai- ned stone, was found in an elongated dolmen, “with an oval chamber and entrance”, together with four " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427303/table-1-radiocarbon-dated-inhumation-and-cremation-graves"><img alt="Table 1. Radiocarbon dated inhumation and cremation graves from Denmark and Northern Germany with flint daggers as grave good (OxCal 4.4 [BRONK Ramsey 2009], INTCAL20 calibration curve [REIMER et al. 2020], 2-sigma standard deviation). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427316/table-2-stone-wristguards-in-northern-germany-and"><img alt="Table 2. Stone wristguards in Northern Germany and Scandinavia. BB = Brandenburg; DK = Denmark; MV = Mecklenburg-Vorpom- mern; SH = Schleswig-Holstein. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67471598/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/48427339/table-2-continued-stone-wristguards-in-northern-germany-and"><img alt="Table 2, continued. Stone wristguards in Northern Germany and Scandinavia. BB = Brandenburg; DM = Denmark; MV = Mecklen- burg-Vorpommern; SH = Schleswig-Holstein. 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A re-analysis of two old excavations near Archsum on the island of Sylt provides us with a case study on both domestic and funerary behaviour dating to the later part of the 3rd millennium BC. The LA 65 site consists of a longhouse with a sunken floor, ploughmarks and pits which contain both Common Ware and Bell Beaker pottery, and a grave with a Scandinavian flint dagger. On the other hand, LA 127 consists of a megalithic grave in which a secondary cremation burial was deposited, along with artefacts showing a complicated","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The Late Neolithic in Schleswig-Holstein is a period about which not much is known. A re-analysis of two old excavations near Archsum on the island of Sylt provides us with a case study on both domestic and funerary behaviour dating to the later part of the 3rd millennium BC. The LA 65 site consists of a longhouse with a sunken floor, ploughmarks and pits which contain both Common Ware and Bell Beaker pottery, and a grave with a Scandinavian flint dagger. 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A re-analysis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Late Neolithic in Schleswig-Holstein is a period about which not much is known. A re-analysis of two old excavations near Archsum on the island of Sylt provides us with a case study on both domestic and funerary behaviour dating to the later part of the 3rd millennium BC. The LA 65 site consists of a longhouse with a sunken floor, ploughmarks and pits which contain both Common Ware and Bell Beaker pottery, and a grave with a Scandinavian flint dagger. On the other hand, LA 127 consists of a megalithic grave in which a secondary cremation burial was deposited, along with artefacts showing a complicated interaction of mythology, memory, heirlooms, and identity formation. In this paper we focus on a longterm perspective, and place the practices carried out here in a larger scale. The use of possible ancestral objects and places in the landscape is reviewed, and the place of specific "Bell Beaker"-affiliated objects (pottery, flint daggers, and stone wristguards) in the Late Neolithic of the southern Cimbrian Peninsula is discussed. The division between Bell Beaker associated objects and daggers is clearly visible in the funerary context all across Northern Germany and Denmark. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das Spätneolithikum ist eine in Schleswig-Holstein wenig erforschte Periode. Eine Neuanalyse zweier Altgrabungen bei Archsum auf Sylt liefert dazu Material aus dem späteren 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. Die Fundstelle LA 65 besteht aus einem Grubenhaus, Pflugspuren und Gruben, die sowohl Grobals auch Glockenbecher-Keramik enthalten, sowie einem Grab mit einem skandinavischen Feuersteindolch. Die Fundstelle LA 127 ist ein Megalithgrab, in dem eine sekundäre Brandbestattung deponiert wurde, zusammen mit Artefakten, die ein kompliziertes Zusammenspiel von Mythologie, Erinnerung, Erbstücken und Identitätsbildung zeigen. In diesem Beitrag konzentrieren wir uns auf eine langfristige Perspektive und stellen die hier durchgeführten Praktiken in einen größeren Zusammenhang. Die Verwendung möglicher Objekte und Orte der Ahnen in der Landschaft und der Platz spezifischer, mit Glockenbechern assoziierter Objekte (Keramik, Feuersteindolche und Armschutzplatten) im Spätneolithikum der südlichen jütischen Halbinsel werden diskutiert. Eine deutliche Trennung zwischen mit Glockenbechern assoziierten Objekten und Dolchen ist im Bestattungskontext in ganz Norddeutschland und Dänemark sichtbar.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f8cb541d0bdd7c226bd1dfb2f085b02a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67472029,"asset_id":49042139,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67472029/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49042139"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49042139"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49042139; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49042139]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49042139]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49042139; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49042139']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f8cb541d0bdd7c226bd1dfb2f085b02a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49042139]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49042139,"title":"Near the ancestors at Archsum: a contemporaneous Bell Beaker grave and settlement?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.26016/offa.2020.A3","grobid_abstract":"The Late Neolithic in Schleswig-Holstein is a period about which not much is known. 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Die Verwendung möglicher Objekte und Orte der Ahnen in der Landschaft und der Platz spezifischer, mit Glockenbechern assoziierter Objekte (Keramik, Feuersteindolche und Armschutzplatten) im Spätneolithikum der südlichen jütischen Halbinsel werden diskutiert. 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The 4.2 ka BP event and its implications for environments and societies in Northwest Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65518789/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44979353/Late_Neolithic_and_Chalcolithic_maritime_resilience_The_4_2_ka_BP_event_and_its_implications_for_environments_and_societies_in_Northwest_Europe">Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic maritime resilience? The 4.2 ka BP event and its implications for environments and societies in Northwest Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Environmental Research Letters</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper deals with prehistoric communities at the end of the 3rd millennium BC in Northwest Eu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper deals with prehistoric communities at the end of the 3rd millennium BC in Northwest Europe in relation to the 4.2 ka BP climatic event. In particular, the question of the resilience of these communities to climatic change will be studied here by comparing various climatic records and analysing specific archaeological parameters for social and cultural change. These parameters include the duration and intensity of settlement occupation, the variability of subsistence activities (e.g. cereal cultivation, animal husbandry, hunting, fishing, and gathering) and the connectedness of communities within exchange networks. Rather than answering the often-asked yes/no question with regard to human-environment relations, our research asks what effect resulted from the 4.2 ka BP climatic event, and, from the perspective of resilience, how did communities adopt to these changes in their practices and cultural choices during the later 3rd millennium BC. In short, we maintain that climate change took place at the end of the 3rd millennium BC, but the changes in humidity and temperature with their effects on vegetation were probably regionally varied across Northwest Europe. We also observe that the studied communities developed differently during the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. On the one hand, we identify new food storage and house building techniques in the Low Countries and Schleswig-Holstein and, on the other hand, substantiate population decrease on the Orkney Islands around 2300 BC. Finally, we note a development of the Bell Beaker phenomenon into an Early Bronze Age maritory of connected communities across the North Sea, in which these communities expressed their resilience to climate change.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-44979353-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-44979353-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166861/figure-1-comparative-periodisation-for-the-ka-bp-event-the"><img alt="Figure 1. Comparative periodisation for the 4.2 ka BP event, the different study areas and the Bell Beaker phenomenon (based on Jalali et al 2019, Allen et al 2012; Louwe Kooijmans et al 2005, Miiller et al 2010, Kleijne 2019 respectively). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166867/figure-2-study-areas-within-northwest-europe-and-climatic"><img alt="Figure 2. Study areas within Northwest Europe and climatic archives mentioned in the text. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166874/figure-3-comparison-of-the-climate-reconstructions-by-from"><img alt="Figure 3. A comparison of the climate reconstructions by, from top to bottom. Jalali et al (2019) in green and red, Butruille et al (2017) in blue, and Roland et al (2014) in grey and black. The 4.2 ka BP event, shaded in grey, is given according to Jalali et al (2019). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166881/figure-4-late-neolithic-and-chalcolithic-maritime-resilience"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166888/figure-5-late-neolithic-and-chalcolithic-maritime-resilience"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166894/figure-6-probability-of-occupation-at-several-archaeological"><img alt="Figure 6. Probability of occupation at several archaeological sites with remains of houses and the arable lands of Oostwoud (Bayesian models are published in Kleijne and Drenth 2019, Fokkens et al 2017). Figure 5. All the mentioned sites in the Low Countries. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166898/figure-7-late-neolithic-and-chalcolithic-maritime-resilience"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166904/figure-8-relative-probability-of-the-frequency-of-arable"><img alt="Figure 8. Relative probability of the frequency of arable fields in Northwest Europe (for details concerning the method, se« methodology and Mischka 2004). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/45166909/figure-9-alignment-of-the-ka-bp-climatic-event-and-regional"><img alt="Figure 9. Alignment of the 4.2 ka BP climatic event and regional socio-cultural parameters. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/65518789/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-44979353-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a083e6a064d932bc33201827bb87223e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65518789,"asset_id":44979353,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65518789/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44979353"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44979353"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44979353; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44979353]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44979353]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44979353; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44979353']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a083e6a064d932bc33201827bb87223e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44979353]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44979353,"title":"Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic maritime resilience? 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In short, we maintain that climate change took place at the end of the 3rd millennium BC, but the changes in humidity and temperature with their effects on vegetation were probably regionally varied across Northwest Europe. We also observe that the studied communities developed differently during the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. On the one hand, we identify new food storage and house building techniques in the Low Countries and Schleswig-Holstein and, on the other hand, substantiate population decrease on the Orkney Islands around 2300 BC. 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The Archéologie et Gobelets workshop in Kiel and some future perspectives for research into the 3rd millennium BC" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58179686/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38147291/Editorial_Think_Global_Act_Local_The_Arch%C3%A9ologie_et_Gobelets_workshop_in_Kiel_and_some_future_perspectives_for_research_into_the_3rd_millennium_BC">Editorial: Think Global, Act Local! The Archéologie et Gobelets workshop in Kiel and some future perspectives for research into the 3rd millennium BC</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Think global, act local. Bell Beakers in Europe. Proceedings of the Bell Beaker Workshop Kiel 2017</span><span>, Dec 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This special volume of the Journal of Neolithic Archaeology is dedicated to a collection of paper...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This special volume of the Journal of Neolithic Archaeology is dedicated to a collection of papers presented at the conference held between the 17th and 21st of May 2017 in Kiel, Germany. The topic of this conference was “Think Global, Act Local! The Transformation of Spatial Interaction and Material Culture in Beaker Contexts of the 3rd Millennium BC in Europe”. In total, ca. 70 people, specialists from all over Europe, brought together in the loose research network of Archéologie et Gobelets, attended this conference. 27 papers were presented focusing either on this specific topic at hand from various angles, or on presenting new Corded Ware or Bell Beaker finds from all across Europe. Of these 27 presentations, nine were found able to contribute to this volume. In this editorial I will highlight the different articles and their relevance to the overarching topic. Next to this overview, a possible way is paved for future studies into the 3rd millennium BC.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f50bf07e8dbaeedbfd340ba7691c7ac1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58179686,"asset_id":38147291,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58179686/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38147291"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38147291"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38147291; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38147291]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38147291]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38147291; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38147291']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f50bf07e8dbaeedbfd340ba7691c7ac1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38147291]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38147291,"title":"Editorial: Think Global, Act Local! 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Sifting through single grave settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland tidal area (the Netherlands)." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51509673/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31075482/2017_Sifting_through_single_grave_settlements_Keinsmerbrug_and_Mienakker_in_the_Noord_Holland_tidal_area_the_Netherlands_">2017. Sifting through single grave settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland tidal area (the Netherlands).</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/DaanRaemaekers">Daan Raemaekers</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Between 2009 and 2014, a research project was carried out by several research institutes and comm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Between 2009 and 2014, a research project was carried out by several research institutes and commercial companies in order to study and publish three settlement sites of the Single Grave Culture located in the Western Netherlands. These sites were excavated more than twenty years ago, but unfortunately the results were only scarcely published, and mostly in<br />Dutch. This research project provided an excellent<br />opportunity to unlock the high quality archaeological information. The presence of organic remains and numerous artefacts in cultural layers and the thorough excavation of these layers have produced a wealth of data regarding Late Neolithic behavioural variability in a dynamic wetland landscape. In this article, a summary of the results of this project will be presented.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="57dcac370bea145e56bca900443c80e8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51509673,"asset_id":31075482,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51509673/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31075482"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31075482"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31075482; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31075482]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31075482]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31075482; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31075482']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "57dcac370bea145e56bca900443c80e8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31075482]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31075482,"title":"2017. Sifting through single grave settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland tidal area (the Netherlands).","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Between 2009 and 2014, a research project was carried out by several research institutes and commercial companies in order to study and publish three settlement sites of the Single Grave Culture located in the Western Netherlands. These sites were excavated more than twenty years ago, but unfortunately the results were only scarcely published, and mostly in\nDutch. This research project provided an excellent\nopportunity to unlock the high quality archaeological information. The presence of organic remains and numerous artefacts in cultural layers and the thorough excavation of these layers have produced a wealth of data regarding Late Neolithic behavioural variability in a dynamic wetland landscape. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-31075482-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="32936688"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/32936688/Sifting_through_Single_Grave_Settlements_Keinsmerbrug_and_Mienakker_in_the_Noord_Holland_Tidal_Area_the_Netherlands_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53069089/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32936688/Sifting_through_Single_Grave_Settlements_Keinsmerbrug_and_Mienakker_in_the_Noord_Holland_Tidal_Area_the_Netherlands_">Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Between 2009 and 2014, a research project was carried out by several research institutes and comm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Between 2009 and 2014, a research project<br />was carried out by several research institutes<br />and commercial companies in order to study<br />and publish three settlement sites of the Single<br />Grave Culture located in the Western Netherlands.<br />These sites were excavated more than<br />twenty years ago, but unfortunately the results<br />were only scarcely published, and mostly in<br />Dutch. This research project provided an excellent<br />opportunity to unlock the high quality<br />archaeological information. The presence of<br />organic remains and numerous artefacts in<br />cultural layers and the thorough excavation of<br />these layers have produced a wealth of data<br />regarding Late Neolithic behavioural variability<br />in a dynamic wetland landscape. In this<br />article, a summary of the results of this project<br />will be presented.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-32936688-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-32936688-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284657/figure-1-chapter-january-some-of-the-authors-of-this"><img alt="Chapter - January 2016 Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the... See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311777564 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284660/figure-1-palaeogeographical-reconstruction-of-the-noord"><img alt="Fig. 1. Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Noord Holland tidal area around 2750 BC. 1: Keinsmerbrug; 2: Mienakker; 3: Zeewijk and other SGC sites [adapted from KvelNe/Weerts 2013 fig. 2.7). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284665/figure-2-keinsmerbrug-map-of-features-noses-monograph-on"><img alt="Fig. 2. Keinsmerbrug map of features (Noses 2012a fig. 3.6). monograph, on Zeewijk, is being written”. The new analysis of these three sites provided very interesting and extraordinary results. In this article, first a brief overview of the results and of the landscape development will be presented, after which two sites (Keinsmerbrug and Mien- akker) will be discussed. Finally, the conse- quences for Single Grave studies and future research will be addressed. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284671/figure-3-spatial-analysis-map-including-the-distribution-of"><img alt="Fig. 3. Spatial analysis map including the distribution of fish remains (NoBLes 2012b fig. 10.61). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284682/figure-4-the-thick-layers-of-midden-deposits-photo-courtesy"><img alt="Fig. 4. The thick layers of midden deposits [photo courtesy of the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE]). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284695/figure-5-features-and-interpretation-of-mienakker-noses"><img alt="Fig. 5. Features and interpretation of Mienakker (Noses 2013a fig. 3.1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284733/figure-7-clear-example-of-single-grave-culture-ceramics-from"><img alt="Fig. 7. A clear example of Single Grave Culture ceramics from Mienakker (BECKERMAN 2013 fig. 4.22-4.23). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284744/figure-8-comparison-of-the-mienakker-and-zeewijk-structures"><img alt="Fig.8. Comparison of the Mienakker and Zeewijk structures (Nostes 2013b fig. 11.53). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/49284700/figure-6-the-burial-both-in-photo-and-in-garys"><img alt="Fig. 6. The burial both in a photo and in Gary’s 3D reconstruction (PLome 2013 fig. 10.1; Noses 2013a fig. 3.7). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/53069089/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-32936688-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="778545017e711de2249f5f83a022e449" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53069089,"asset_id":32936688,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53069089/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32936688"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32936688"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32936688; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32936688]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32936688]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32936688; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32936688']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "778545017e711de2249f5f83a022e449" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32936688]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32936688,"title":"Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Between 2009 and 2014, a research project\nwas carried out by several research institutes\nand commercial companies in order to study\nand publish three settlement sites of the Single\nGrave Culture located in the Western Netherlands.\nThese sites were excavated more than\ntwenty years ago, but unfortunately the results\nwere only scarcely published, and mostly in\nDutch. 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This research project provided an excellent\nopportunity to unlock the high quality\narchaeological information. The presence of\norganic remains and numerous artefacts in\ncultural layers and the thorough excavation of\nthese layers have produced a wealth of data\nregarding Late Neolithic behavioural variability\nin a dynamic wetland landscape. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-31589991-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30554342"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30554342/Sifting_through_Single_Grave_Settlements_Keinsmerbrug_and_Mienakker_in_the_Noord_Holland_Tidal_Area_the_Netherlands_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50997053/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30554342/Sifting_through_Single_Grave_Settlements_Keinsmerbrug_and_Mienakker_in_the_Noord_Holland_Tidal_Area_the_Netherlands_">Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/OttoBrinkkemper">Otto Brinkkemper</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transitional Landscapes? The 3rd Millennium BC in Europe. Proceedings of the International Workshop "Socio-Environmental Dynamics over the Last 12,000 Years: The Creation of Landscapes III (15th – 18th April 2013)" in Kiel</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Die Deutsche nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen nationalbibliograf...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Die Deutsche nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen nationalbibliografie. Detailliertere Informationen sind im Internet über <<a href="http://dnb.d-nb.de" rel="nofollow">http://dnb.d-nb.de</a>> abrufbar.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-30554342-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-30554342-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831089/figure-1-palaeogeographical-reconstruction-of-the-noord"><img alt="Fig. 1. Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Noord Holland tidal area around 2750 BC. 1: Keinsmerbrug; 2: Mienakker; 3: Zeewijk and other SGC sites [adapted from KvelNe/Weerts 2013 fig. 2.7). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831099/figure-2-keinsmerbrug-map-of-features-noses-monograph-on"><img alt="Fig. 2. Keinsmerbrug map of features (Noses 2012a fig. 3.6). monograph, on Zeewijk, is being written”. The new analysis of these three sites provided very interesting and extraordinary results. In this article, first a brief overview of the results and of the landscape development will be presented, after which two sites (Keinsmerbrug and Mien- akker) will be discussed. Finally, the conse- quences for Single Grave studies and future research will be addressed. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831112/figure-3-spatial-analysis-map-including-the-distribution-of"><img alt="Fig. 3. Spatial analysis map including the distribution of fish remains (NoBLes 2012b fig. 10.61). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831116/figure-4-the-thick-layers-of-midden-deposits-photo-courtesy"><img alt="Fig. 4. The thick layers of midden deposits [photo courtesy of the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE]). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831125/figure-5-features-and-interpretation-of-mienakker-noses"><img alt="Fig. 5. Features and interpretation of Mienakker (Noses 2013a fig. 3.1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831135/figure-6-the-burial-both-in-photo-and-in-garys"><img alt="Fig. 6. The burial both in a photo and in Gary’s 3D reconstruction (PLome 2013 fig. 10.1; Noses 2013a fig. 3.7). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831148/figure-7-clear-example-of-single-grave-culture-ceramics-from"><img alt="Fig. 7. A clear example of Single Grave Culture ceramics from Mienakker (BECKERMAN 2013 fig. 4.22-4.23). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/19831162/figure-8-comparison-of-the-mienakker-and-zeewijk-structures"><img alt="Fig.8. Comparison of the Mienakker and Zeewijk structures (Nostes 2013b fig. 11.53). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/50997053/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-30554342-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a5486fa4f6589a79e9bb0acaa4398de2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50997053,"asset_id":30554342,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50997053/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30554342"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30554342"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30554342; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30554342]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30554342]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30554342; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30554342']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a5486fa4f6589a79e9bb0acaa4398de2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30554342]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30554342,"title":"Sifting through Single Grave Settlements: Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker in the Noord Holland Tidal Area (the Netherlands)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"location":"Bonn","more_info":"Universitätsforschungen zur prähistorischen Archäologie Band 292 Human Development in Landscapes 9","publisher":"Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH","ai_title_tag":"Single Grave Settlements in Noord Holland","organization":"Graduate School Human Development in Landscapes","grobid_abstract":"Die Deutsche nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen nationalbibliografie. 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Synthesis - A mosaic habitation at Zeewijk" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57185220/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37233512/2014_Synthesis_A_mosaic_habitation_at_Zeewijk">2014. Synthesis - A mosaic habitation at Zeewijk</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/DaanRaemaekers">Daan Raemaekers</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/IngevanderJagt">Inge van der Jagt</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The synthesis chapter of the publication on the Corded Ware Culture settlement of Zeewijk (the N...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The synthesis chapter of the publication on the  Corded Ware Culture settlement of Zeewijk (the Netherlands)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95e23ff6b23f40a86e00b4ee0ec3023e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57185220,"asset_id":37233512,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57185220/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37233512"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37233512"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37233512; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37233512]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37233512]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37233512; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37233512']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "95e23ff6b23f40a86e00b4ee0ec3023e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37233512]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37233512,"title":"2014. 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Pendants in the third millennium BC in Western and Central Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49508304/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/29054800/Between_belts_and_Beakers_Pendants_in_the_third_millennium_BC_in_Western_and_Central_Europe">Between belts and Beakers. Pendants in the third millennium BC in Western and Central Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Müller, A. & Jansen, R. (red.) 2016: Metaaltijden 3. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden, Leiden: Sidestone Press.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There's an error in the published table. A new version (Appendix1_new.xls) is added! Article abo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There's an error in the published table. A new version (Appendix1_new.xls) is added!<br /><br />Article about primarily bone pendants dating between 3000 and 1800 BC in Western and Central Europe, found in graves associated with the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Their origin and development through time and space and possible use are outlined here. These small objects present a continuity in funerary traditions throughout the 3rd millennium BC (the Corded Ware, Bell Beaker phenomena).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-29054800-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-29054800-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121195/figure-3-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121151/figure-1-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121176/figure-2-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121215/figure-4-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121236/figure-2-map-of-all-pendants-found-in-europe-all-pendants"><img alt="Figure 2 Map of all pendants found in Europe. All 61 pendants found in the literature can be grouped in three categories, on the basis of their general outline. The first and foremost category is the hourglass pendant. These pendants all have a large ring, a bridge element and in most cases a smaller ring. In severa is absent, in one case (M part of the object. A sub-type of this categor similar to the hourglass cases (Folkton, Pol pendant, but instead kern and Juodkranté) this smaller ring elton Quarry) this small ring is perpendicular to the other y is the anchored pendant which looks ofa small ring it has a pierced anchor. The second type of pendant is a trapezoidal shape, which also has two rings but no distinct narrow brid ge element. Instead , the bridge can be accentuated with parallel grooves such as the Sittingbourne example or plain in the other cases. A third group is annular shaped, having a very large round ring and a rectangular plate in which two or more rings were dril (such as Lochenice) and smaller examples (such as Puszaistvanhaza). aa ; ; ; ; ed. This group consists of both larger c. ; " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121254/figure-4-scatterplot-of-all-pendants-their-length-and-width"><img alt="Figure 4 Scatterplot of all pendants, their length and width and cultural affiliation. Wire pendants. Similarly, a correlation exists between the length of these type of pendants and the size of the large ring through time (fig. 4 and fig. 5). While this of course is determined to some degree by the parent material (a small bone can't lead to a large pendant), it does show that with the use of larger bones as parent material during the course of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, not only the length of the pendant increased but also the size of the largest ring. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121266/figure-5-boxplots-of-the-anchored-and-hourglass-pendants"><img alt="Figure 5 Boxplots of the anchored and hourglass pendants length relative to cultural affiliation. Context " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121289/figure-6-calibrated-radiocarbon-dates-for-the-bone-pendants"><img alt="Figure 6 Calibrated radiocarbon dates for the bone pendants. os An interesting typochronological point is the presence of bone pendants witl a pierced anchor instead of a small ring (see example from Biederitz on fig. 1). Or one occasion, this anchored pendant was found together with a cremation burial ir a pottery vessel of the Corded Ware culture (Schénfeld Havelberg grave 1, Prignitz Mecklenburg-Vorpommern).'° The other anchored pendants are associated witl cremation burials and material culture of the Schénfeld culture, found in Saxony. Anhalt and Lower Saxony (Wetzel 1979). The Schénfeld culture is recognised or the basis of its characteristic pottery decoration and cremation burial ritual, anc " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121314/figure-9-unfortunately-the-velsen-pendant-itself-is"><img alt="12 Unfortunately, the Velsen pendant itself is presently unavailable for study. Function " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121330/table-1-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121342/table-2-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/9121358/table-3-between-belts-and-beakers-pendants-in-the-third"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/49508304/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-29054800-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="78f22f4fb154e72de48a24fd511b32e1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":49508304,"asset_id":29054800,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49508304/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29054800"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29054800"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29054800; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29054800]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29054800]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29054800; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='29054800']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "78f22f4fb154e72de48a24fd511b32e1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=29054800]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":29054800,"title":"Between belts and Beakers. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-29054800-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11462682"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11462682/Synthesis_Keinsmerburg_a_kaleidoscope_of_gathering"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis - Keinsmerburg; a kaleidoscope of gathering" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36994833/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11462682/Synthesis_Keinsmerburg_a_kaleidoscope_of_gathering">Synthesis - Keinsmerburg; a kaleidoscope of gathering</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaniaFMOudemans">Tania F M Oudemans</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/OttoBrinkkemper">Otto Brinkkemper</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/AnnelouVanGijn">Annelou Van Gijn</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten 043. pp 211-222</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-11462682-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-11462682-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29890893/figure-11-position-of-keinsmerbrug-red-dot-in-relation-to"><img alt="Fig. 11.1 Position of Keinsmerbrug (red dot) in relation to the ecological zones in the former landscape (adapted from Vos & Kiden 2005). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/36994833/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29890908/figure-11-discerned-structures-phases-and-activity-areas"><img alt="Fig 11.2: Discerned structures, phases and activity areas. Because the southern structures have only been partially identified and no clear activity areas could be assigned to them, they are regarded as less convincing (partial house plans). The interpretation of these two structures is not therefore associated with any further functional connotation, and they are referred to as ‘southern structure 1’ (Kmb $1) and ‘southern structure 2’ (Kmb S2). The reason for the fact that the southern structures could be only partly identified is related to taphonomic processes. These structures are likely to represent an earlier use of the settlement. Later occupation at the site has obscured older traces. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-11462682-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="16922223"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/16922223/Bloo_S_B_C_A_Kooij_and_J_P_Kleijne_2015_Een_midden_bronstijdverrassing_Hilversum_aardewerk_uit_een_bijzondere_context_te_Tilburg_Stappegoor_In_E_A_G_Ball_and_S_Arnoldussen_eds_Metaaltijden_2_Bijdragen_in_de_studie_van_de_metaaltijden_Leiden_Sidestone_Press_37_48"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Bloo, S.B.C., A. Kooij & J.P. Kleijne (2015): Een midden-bronstijdverrassing Hilversum-aardewerk uit een bijzondere context te Tilburg-Stappegoor. In: E.A.G. Ball & S. Arnoldussen (eds.), Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden, Leiden: Sidestone Press, 37-48." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39258904/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16922223/Bloo_S_B_C_A_Kooij_and_J_P_Kleijne_2015_Een_midden_bronstijdverrassing_Hilversum_aardewerk_uit_een_bijzondere_context_te_Tilburg_Stappegoor_In_E_A_G_Ball_and_S_Arnoldussen_eds_Metaaltijden_2_Bijdragen_in_de_studie_van_de_metaaltijden_Leiden_Sidestone_Press_37_48">Bloo, S.B.C., A. Kooij & J.P. Kleijne (2015): Een midden-bronstijdverrassing Hilversum-aardewerk uit een bijzondere context te Tilburg-Stappegoor. In: E.A.G. Ball & S. Arnoldussen (eds.), Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden, Leiden: Sidestone Press, 37-48.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/SBloo">Simone Bloo</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An excavation at Tilburg-Stappegoor yielded features dating from the Middle Bronze Age to the ver...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An excavation at Tilburg-Stappegoor yielded features dating from the Middle Bronze Age to the very recent past. A natural-looking feature which contained the fragments of four pots dating to the Middle Bronze Age was uncovered. The clear-cut sides of the feature, when seen in section, and its specific content, argue in favour of an anthropogenic origin, most probably a pit. As the pit contained nothing<br />but the fragments of four pots, its specific function is uncertain. The pottery itself can be characterized as fitting within the Northwest European Middle Bronze Age tradition, albeit that some particularities were food for further thoughts. One pot is archaeologically complete, bucket-shaped and decorated with two raised cordons with fingertip impressions. This kind of vessel is, with its specific form<br />and decoration, is uncommon in the Netherlands, yet has counterparts in Deverel Rimbury assemblages in Northern France and Britain. This important find, recovered from a natural-looking pit, implies that seemingly natural features merit more attention during archaeological fieldwork. Only then, more surprises like the pot from Tilburg-Stappegoor may come to light.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eb177d4d185e4a826fced00c65aea306" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39258904,"asset_id":16922223,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39258904/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16922223"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16922223"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16922223; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16922223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16922223]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16922223; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='16922223']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eb177d4d185e4a826fced00c65aea306" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=16922223]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":16922223,"title":"Bloo, S.B.C., A. 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(2015): Barrows and burials of the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age from Velsen (Noord-Holland, the Netherlands). In: E.A.G. Ball & S. Arnoldussen (eds.), Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden, Leiden: Sidestone Press, 101-111." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39258535/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16921149/Kleijne_J_P_2015_Barrows_and_burials_of_the_Late_Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age_from_Velsen_Noord_Holland_the_Netherlands_In_E_A_G_Ball_and_S_Arnoldussen_eds_Metaaltijden_2_Bijdragen_in_de_studie_van_de_metaaltijden_Leiden_Sidestone_Press_101_111">Kleijne, J.P. (2015): Barrows and burials of the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age from Velsen (Noord-Holland, the Netherlands). In: E.A.G. Ball & S. Arnoldussen (eds.), Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden, Leiden: Sidestone Press, 101-111.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metaaltijdenbundel 2</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In 2014 a project was conducted to study the cultural landscape of Bronze Age Kennemerland. Main ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In 2014 a project was conducted to study the cultural landscape of Bronze Age<br />Kennemerland. Main focus was the analysis of the old excavations at Velserbroek,<br />which produced evidence for both farmyards and burial monuments. Finally, an<br />opportunity to study the unique relationship between Bronze Age burials and settlements<br />in this area presented itself. In this paper the characteristics of the various<br />burial monuments in the Velsen region are addressed.1<br /> The barrows date from the<br />Bell Beaker Period onwards and present an extraordinary assemblage, with regard<br />to their spatial relationships, preservation and variety of burial types.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="72bef40fbe80b1e7bbb2beab5bb47503" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39258535,"asset_id":16921149,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39258535/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16921149"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16921149"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16921149; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16921149]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16921149]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16921149; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='16921149']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "72bef40fbe80b1e7bbb2beab5bb47503" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=16921149]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":16921149,"title":"Kleijne, J.P. 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In this paper the characteristics of the various\nburial monuments in the Velsen region are addressed.1\n The barrows date from the\nBell Beaker Period onwards and present an extraordinary assemblage, with regard\nto their spatial relationships, preservation and variety of burial types.","location":"Leiden","publisher":"Sidestone Press","ai_title_tag":"Bronze Age Barrows and Burials in Velsen","publication_name":"Metaaltijdenbundel 2"},"translated_abstract":"In 2014 a project was conducted to study the cultural landscape of Bronze Age\nKennemerland. Main focus was the analysis of the old excavations at Velserbroek,\nwhich produced evidence for both farmyards and burial monuments. Finally, an\nopportunity to study the unique relationship between Bronze Age burials and settlements\nin this area presented itself. 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In this paper the characteristics of the various\nburial monuments in the Velsen region are addressed.1\n The barrows date from the\nBell Beaker Period onwards and present an extraordinary assemblage, with regard\nto their spatial relationships, preservation and variety of burial types.","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":39258535,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39258535/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kleijne_2015_-_Barrows_and_burials_of_the_Late_Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age_from_Velsen.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39258535/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Kleijne_J_P_2015_Barrows_and_burials_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39258535/Kleijne_2015_-_Barrows_and_burials_of_the_Late_Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age_from_Velsen-libre.pdf?1445118276=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKleijne_J_P_2015_Barrows_and_burials_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1743701717\u0026Signature=V3w~osvxRWRxQYOz6-xqLp8uBwbXeJweuTEtomp-Ww7fFxqg8Nl9Az9aTpcgK2iq0ZnY0arL6-z-4herZf1Xpe~IbKDCS5-zeVq3ngv9tAmuUfcdNyEEYqzNLsOak8mUmDXVwQUcVhUK6qRo2Ie3Kmtre5c1eZVD7XexldpWv1GaS5258s9HAbhk1SyqTH4bH9Uy6kVxvJa~SF1tr6hLDAzq9KbpJB3Jix~D4L-GT0tci1laD~auhyCtFGFGJFjmY0GCMUhAcc2S~PngYjGrB2DbU7HsCf18OQtCxSHX7z7JygT9EOTVXt2v8neXeiWlfbTLkfMQt45lin8EIYcoSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_"},{"id":21432,"name":"Late Bronze Age archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age_archaeology"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":160397,"name":"Bell Beaker Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bell_Beaker_Culture"},{"id":231900,"name":"Barrows","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barrows"},{"id":562525,"name":"Bronze Age barrows","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_barrows"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-16921149-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10028711"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10028711/Synthesis_Zeewijk_A_mosaic_of_habitation_A_Corded_Ware_Cultere_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis-Zeewijk: A mosaic of habitation (A Corded Ware Cultere wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36161541/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10028711/Synthesis_Zeewijk_A_mosaic_of_habitation_A_Corded_Ware_Cultere_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_">Synthesis-Zeewijk: A mosaic of habitation (A Corded Ware Cultere wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/IngevanderJagt">Inge van der Jagt</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucyKubiakMartens">Lucy Kubiak-Martens</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/HansPeeters">Hans Peeters</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THEUNISSEN, E.M., BRINKKEMPER, O., LAUWERIER, R.C.G.M., SMIT, B.I., & I.M.M.VAN.DER.JAGT (eds.) A Mosaic of habitation at Zeewijk (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Zeewijk is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Zeewijk is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded Ware Culture life in Noord-Holland that we set out to achieve in our project. Looking back at the analysis and publication of the fairly small sites at Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker, the new information added by the much larger site Zeewijk is fascinating. Because Zeewijk is very different in many respects – in terms of the backlog, size, quantity of finds and proportion excavated – its story is a valuable outcome of our Odyssey research project. <br />We can conclude that Zeewijk was a large domestic settlement, occupied all year round. In our view Zeewijk must be seen as a location where recurrent habitation took place, intensively, alternated with subsistence activities. It is a permanent mosaic of different assemblages: relocated dwellings, cultivated plots and the building and partial demolition of a remarkable ritual structure. <br />The habitants of Zeewijk carried out a broad spectrum of activities related to subsistence: mixed intensive farming (including small-scale crop cultivation, crop processing and <br />consumption, and animal herding and consumption), foraging, fishing, fowling and hunting all took place there. Furthermore there is ample evidence of craftsmanship. <br />This variety of local crafts, the construction and use of the large ceremonial building in Zeewijk-East and the large variation in ceramics are seen as indications that different groups of <br />Corded Ware people settled at Zeewijk. These groups were probably household groups, a community of several families, related by kinship both genetic and affinal.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2dfbfa72d8690169844a0bd01c899add" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36161541,"asset_id":10028711,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36161541/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10028711"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10028711"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10028711; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10028711]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10028711]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10028711; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10028711']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2dfbfa72d8690169844a0bd01c899add" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10028711]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10028711,"title":"Synthesis-Zeewijk: A mosaic of habitation (A Corded Ware Cultere wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Zeewijk is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded Ware Culture life in Noord-Holland that we set out to achieve in our project. Looking back at the analysis and publication of the fairly small sites at Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker, the new information added by the much larger site Zeewijk is fascinating. Because Zeewijk is very different in many respects – in terms of the backlog, size, quantity of finds and proportion excavated – its story is a valuable outcome of our Odyssey research project.\r\nWe can conclude that Zeewijk was a large domestic settlement, occupied all year round. In our view Zeewijk must be seen as a location where recurrent habitation took place, intensively, alternated with subsistence activities. 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These groups were probably household groups, a community of several families, related by kinship both genetic and affinal.","more_info":"THEUNISSEN, E.M., BECKERMAN, S.M., BRINKHUIZEN, D.C., GARCIA-DIAZ, V., KUBIAK-MARTENS, L., NOBELS, G.R., OUDEMANS, T.F.M., ZEILER, J.T., BRINKKEMPER, O., JAGT, I.M.M.VAN.DER., KLEIJNE, J.P., LAUWERIER, R.C.G.M., SMIT, B.I., GIJN, A.L.VAN., PEETERS, J.H.M., \u0026 D.C.M. RAEMAEKERS.","publication_name":"THEUNISSEN, E.M., BRINKKEMPER, O., LAUWERIER, R.C.G.M., SMIT, B.I., \u0026 I.M.M.VAN.DER.JAGT (eds.) A Mosaic of habitation at Zeewijk (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape."},"translated_abstract":"Zeewijk is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded Ware Culture life in Noord-Holland that we set out to achieve in our project. Looking back at the analysis and publication of the fairly small sites at Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker, the new information added by the much larger site Zeewijk is fascinating. Because Zeewijk is very different in many respects – in terms of the backlog, size, quantity of finds and proportion excavated – its story is a valuable outcome of our Odyssey research project.\r\nWe can conclude that Zeewijk was a large domestic settlement, occupied all year round. In our view Zeewijk must be seen as a location where recurrent habitation took place, intensively, alternated with subsistence activities. 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is an important final building block in the better understanding of Neolithic and Corded Ware Culture life in Noord-Holland that we set out to achieve in our project. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-10028711-figures'); } }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="7714" id="booksandeditedbooks"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40365630"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40365630/Embracing_Bell_Beaker_Adopting_new_ideas_and_objects_across_Europe_during_the_later_3rd_millennium_BC_c_2600_2000_BC_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Embracing Bell Beaker Adopting new ideas and objects across Europe during the later 3rd millennium BC (c. 2600-2000 BC)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60612726/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40365630/Embracing_Bell_Beaker_Adopting_new_ideas_and_objects_across_Europe_during_the_later_3rd_millennium_BC_c_2600_2000_BC_">Embracing Bell Beaker Adopting new ideas and objects across Europe during the later 3rd millennium BC (c. 2600-2000 BC)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scales of Transformation in Prehistoric and Archaic Societies</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book deals with the question how communities across Europe during the later 3rd millennium B...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book deals with the question how communities across Europe during the later 3rd millennium BC adopt and transform the Bell Beaker phenomenon differently. By looking at these processes of change from the perspective of settlements and settlement material culture, an interpretation is given to the development of this phenomenon that is alternative to the currently prevailing migration models.<br /><br />Instead, the author uses social theories on the spread of innovations, the development and functioning of communication networks and the social technologies involved in the production of material culture in his arguments. For the first time, settlements from various regions of Europe are studied at the same level and compared using modern research methods such as aoristic frequency distributions, the Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates and network analyses. Temporal and spatial variability in the regional processes that lead to the adoption (and rejection!) of Bell Beaker innovations are described in detail. The regional variability in communication between settlements, and the exchange of ideas and objects and mobility of people are combined with sociological network theories on the spread and adoption of novel ideas. Regional differences in the production of pottery are reviewed by both quantitative and qualitative methods.<br /><br />Finally, a Bell Beaker network is described in which various processes of innovation adoption and subsequent re-invention, developing communication networks and different forms of mobility take part.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6c8a7562e1979baf85d9f3f454a35c5e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60612726,"asset_id":40365630,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60612726/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40365630"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40365630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40365630; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40365630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40365630]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40365630; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40365630']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6c8a7562e1979baf85d9f3f454a35c5e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40365630]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40365630,"title":"Embracing Bell Beaker Adopting new ideas and objects across Europe during the later 3rd millennium BC (c. 2600-2000 BC)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"02","abstract":"This book deals with the question how communities across Europe during the later 3rd millennium BC adopt and transform the Bell Beaker phenomenon differently. 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Bell Beakers in Europe." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58179640/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38147235/Think_global_act_local_Bell_Beakers_in_Europe">Think global, act local! Bell Beakers in Europe.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neolithic Archaeology</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This volume presents a selection of papers delivered at the Archéologie et Gobelets Bell Beaker w...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This volume presents a selection of papers delivered at the Archéologie et Gobelets Bell Beaker workshop "Think global, act local", held between the 17th and the 21stof May 2017 at Kiel University, Germany in the frame of the CRC1266 'Scales of Transformation: Human-Environmental Interaction in Prehistoric and Archaic Societies'. The Archeologie et Gobelets is a research community and network of archaeological specialists from all across Europe who meet every few years, discussing new findings and research concerning the Bell Beaker phenomenon and the wider 3rd millennium BC in Europe.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5ab1143e18659e46b48753a17341474c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58179640,"asset_id":38147235,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58179640/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38147235"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38147235"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38147235; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38147235]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38147235]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38147235; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38147235']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5ab1143e18659e46b48753a17341474c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38147235]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38147235,"title":"Think global, act local! 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E.M. Theunissen, O. Brinkkemper, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier, B.I. Smit & I.M.M. van der Jagt (eds) 2014: A Mosaic of Habitation al Zeewijk (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape (Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten 47)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35952786/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9774842/2014_E_M_Theunissen_O_Brinkkemper_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_B_I_Smit_and_I_M_M_van_der_Jagt_eds_2014_A_Mosaic_of_Habitation_al_Zeewijk_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape_Nederlandse_Archeologische_Rapporten_47_">2014. E.M. Theunissen, O. Brinkkemper, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier, B.I. Smit & I.M.M. van der Jagt (eds) 2014: A Mosaic of Habitation al Zeewijk (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape (Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten 47)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/IngevanderJagt">Inge van der Jagt</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/OttoBrinkkemper">Otto Brinkkemper</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/AnnelouVanGijn">Annelou Van Gijn</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nederlandse Archeologische rapporten</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Subject of this monograph is the Late Neolothic site Zeewijk, that was located in a tidal environ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Subject of this monograph is the Late Neolothic site Zeewijk, that was located in a tidal environment in the northwest of the Netherlands. The analyses show that Zeewijk was a location where recurrent habitation took place, year-round and intensive, alternating with subsistence activities. It is a permanent mosaic of different assemblages: relocated dwellings, cultivated plots, a large variety of local crafts and the building and partial demolition of a remarkable ritual structure in Zeewijk-East. This points to a community of several families, with ties of kinship both genetic and affinal.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1d3bf4ca095eab3851634f2b03a22316" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35952786,"asset_id":9774842,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35952786/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9774842"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9774842"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9774842; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9774842]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9774842]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9774842; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9774842']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1d3bf4ca095eab3851634f2b03a22316" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9774842]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9774842,"title":"2014. 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J.P. Kleijne, O. Brinkkemper, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier, B.I. Smit & E.M. Theunissen (eds) 2013: A matter of life and death at Mienakker (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic behavioral variability in a dynamic landscape" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36241802/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5882827/2013_J_P_Kleijne_O_Brinkkemper_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_B_I_Smit_and_E_M_Theunissen_eds_2013_A_matter_of_life_and_death_at_Mienakker_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_behavioral_variability_in_a_dynamic_landscape">2013. J.P. Kleijne, O. Brinkkemper, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier, B.I. Smit & E.M. Theunissen (eds) 2013: A matter of life and death at Mienakker (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic behavioral variability in a dynamic landscape</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/HenkWeerts">Henk Weerts</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaritvandenHof">Marit van den Hof</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="69ad144290f80ef483f1370247e9bd7d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36241802,"asset_id":5882827,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36241802/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5882827"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5882827"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5882827; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5882827]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5882827]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5882827; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5882827']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "69ad144290f80ef483f1370247e9bd7d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5882827]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5882827,"title":"2013. 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A Matter of Life and Death at Mienakker (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39488610/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17403734/2013c_A_Matter_of_Life_and_Death_at_Mienakker_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape">2013c. A Matter of Life and Death at Mienakker (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaritvandenHof">Marit van den Hof</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A matter of life and death at Mienakker The second excavation analysed in further detail as part ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A matter of life and death at Mienakker The second excavation analysed in further detail as part of the Odyssey ‘Unlocking Noord- Holland&#39;s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest’ project was that performed at the Mienakker site in 1990. Mienakker had an advantage over other as yet unpublished Neolithic sites in the sense that many of the material categories had already been studied. The area excavated was small, at 840 m2, but there were many post traces on the basis of which the excavators had identified two house plans. The clearest is approx. 5.7 metres long and 3 metres wide. This is a simple, light, two-aisled structure that was recorded as a ‘small hut’ or auxiliary building. The other house plan was not published. It is slightly bigger, at 9 to 14 metres long and 3 to 4 metres wide, and appeared to be the remnants of a light structure that was rebuilt and altered several times on the same spot. The Mienakker settlement was interpreted at the time as a temporary hunters’ camp, as ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-17403734-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-17403734-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717216/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.44 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel i. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_180.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715107/figure-1-diagram-showing-relationships-between-the-main"><img alt="Figure 1.1 Diagram showing relationships between the main research topics. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715115/figure-1-location-of-the-research-area-red-square-in-the"><img alt="Figure 1.2 Location of the research area (red square). In the second half of the 20" century, coring campaigns were conducted and test trenches dug at most of these sites. Some of the sites underwent large-scale excavation. This research demonstrated the excellent preservation of organic remains (including human burials), inorganic materials and settlement features. This quality, combined with the fact that the sites are located in similar palaeoenvironmental settings (a tidal zone), makes this set of sites one of the most important Late Neolithic cultural landscapes in Northwestern Europe.‘ In the Dutch context, the quality of these sites far exceeds that of the SGC sites in the surrounding sandy Pleistocene areas, where the SGC is mainly known from burials (settlement sites are barely recognisable) or from sites where long- term reuse of locales has resulted in loss of chronological and spatial resolution (Fig. 1.3).° Noord-Holland’s site complexes therefore offer vast opportunities to increase our understanding ao EP ee ee ce entree ween enemies «am wick ths, " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715121/figure-3-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715127/figure-1-location-of-the-mienakker-site-situated-in-the"><img alt="Figure 1.4 Location of the Mienakker site, situated in the grassland between Aartswoud and Hoogwoud. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715137/figure-1-view-of-the-excavation-in"><img alt="Figure 1.5 A view of the excavation in 1990. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715146/figure-2-palaeogeographical-reconstruction-of-part-of-the"><img alt="Figure 2.2 Palaeogeographical reconstruction of a part of the Netherlands, c. 3850 BC showing the Bergen tidal basin (green) (adapted from Vos etal. 2011). Figure 2.1 Reconstruction of the Pleistocene relief in metres above or below Amsterdam Ordnance Datum (NAP) at the start of the Holocene showing the low lying Pleistocene topography where the former Rhine valley was situated (adapted from Vos etal. 2011). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715156/figure-7-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715160/figure-2-palaeogeographical-reconstruction-of-part-of-the"><img alt="Figure 2.3 Palaeogeographical reconstruction of a part of the Netherlands, c. 2750 BC (adapted from Vos etal. 2011) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715171/figure-2-general-schematic-diagram-of-an-environment-with"><img alt="Figure 2.4 General schematic diagram of an environment with salt marshes, creeks and beach barriers (adapted from Vos et al. 2011). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715182/figure-2-local-palaeogeographical-map-of-the-mienakker"><img alt="Figure 2.5 Local palaeogeographical map of the Mienakker location during the Neolithic occupation (adapted fron Lenselink 2001b, 128 & excavation topography). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715192/figure-2-schematic-section-through-the-site-adapted-from"><img alt="Figure 2.6 Schematic section through the site (adapted from Lenselink 2001b, Fig. 6). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715200/figure-2-mienakker-and-other-late-neolithic-sites-in-west"><img alt="Figure 2.7 Mienakker and other Late Neolithic sites in West Frisia plotted on a palaeogeographic map of around 2750 BC (adapted from Vos etal. 2011). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715205/figure-2-furholts-graph-of-the-calibration-curve-and-phasing"><img alt="Figure 2.8 Furholt’s graph of the calibration curve and phasing for the Single Grave Culture (after Furholt 2003, Fig 1, p.15). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715214/figure-2-oxcal-bronk-ramsey-atmospheric-data-from-reimer-et"><img alt="OxCal v.q.2.2 Bronk Ramsey (2009); r:5 Atmospheric data from Reimer et al. (2009) Figure 2.9 Multiplot of the calibrated **C dates of Mienakker. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715232/figure-2-the-and-value-of-the-human-bones-from-the-mienakker"><img alt="Figure 2.10 The 6*C and 8?5N value of the human bones from the Mienakker burial compared with values from human bones from Hardinxveld, Schipluiden and Swifterbant (adapted from Smits & Van der Plicht 2009, Fig. 11, p. 73). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715240/figure-16-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715250/figure-3-one-of-the-east-to-west-profiles-displaying-the"><img alt="Figure 3.2 One of the east to west profiles displaying the multiple cultural layers. Figure 3.1 Site overview showing all features without interpretation. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715261/figure-18-majority-are-within-one-area-of-the-graph-with-few"><img alt="majority are within one area of the graph, with a few dispersed outliers. The majority appear to fit within a range of widths between 3 and 10 cm and depths of 1to ao cm. two more pits (S134 and $136). One of these pits is larger, up to 0.9 min diameter, whereas the other is 0.5 m in width. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715274/figure-19-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715284/figure-20-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715305/figure-3-the-human-skeleton-in-the-burial-pit-with-sections"><img alt="Figure 3.7 The human skeleton in the burial pit, with sections. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715314/figure-4-size-of-plant-particles-in-relation-to-the"><img alt="Figure 4.6 Size of plant particles in relation to the thickness of the sherd. Figure 4.3 Tempering and thickness compared. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715319/figure-4-size-of-grog-particles-in-relation-to-the-thickness"><img alt="Figure 4.5 Size of grog particles in relation to the thickness of the sherd. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715332/figure-4-thickness-of-wall-sherds-in-mm-tempering"><img alt="Figure 4.2 Thickness of wall sherds in mm (n=504). Figure 4.4 Tempering combinations and thickness compared. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715346/figure-25-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715359/figure-4-vessel-re-fired-sherds-fit-together-with-non-re"><img alt="Figure 4.10 Vessel 29 re-fired sherds fit together with non-re-fired sherds. Figure 4.8 Quantity of plant particles in relation to the thickness of the sherd. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715376/figure-4-quantity-of-sand-particles-in-relation-to-the"><img alt="Figure 4.9 Quantity of sand particles in relation to the thickness of the sherd. Figure 4.7 Quantity of grog particles in relation to the thickness of the sherd. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715392/figure-28-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715402/figure-29-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715411/figure-4-thickness-and-colour-of-sand-tempered-sherds-colour"><img alt="Figure 4.13 Thickness and colour of sand-tempered sherds. Figure 4.16 Colour and thickness of smooth sherds. Figure 4.12 Thickness and colour of grog-tempered sherds. Figure 4.15 Surface treatment and thickness. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715427/figure-4-thickness-and-colour-of-plant-tempered-sherds"><img alt="Figure 4.14 Thickness and colour of plant-tempered sherds. Figure 4.11 Colour and thickness compared. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715465/figure-32-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715475/figure-33-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715483/figure-34-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715489/table-4-surface-treatment-of-the-inside-and-outside-of"><img alt="Table 4.6 Surface treatment of the inside and outside of sherds compared. measuring between 5 and 6.5 mm (Fig. 4.15). A little more than half of these sherds are light in colour (Fig. 4.16). The graph (Fig. 4.15) showing the thicknesses of rough sherds is bimodal; 46% of these sherds measure between 5 and 6.5 mm and 25% measure between 9 and 9.5 mm. Thicker sherds are most frequently light in colour and are also most likely to have been left rough (Fig. 4.17). Of the plant-tempered sherds, which tend to be thick-walled, 94% are rough (Fig. 4.18). Of the grog- and sand-tempered sherds 63% have been left rough and 37% are smoothened (Fig. 4.18). from one vessel (aa), and two thin-walled sherds show joints (Fig. 4.19). The vessels were coil-built in the H-technique; the different strips of clay were placed straight on top of each other resulting in joints that resemble the letter H in cross-section.” This type of joint is comparatively weak. The other vessels are presumably also coil- built, using a technique where the coils were attached at an angle, leading to less visible (Hb-) joints and stronger vessels.® " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715496/figure-4-colour-and-thickness-of-rough-sherds-tempering-and"><img alt="Figure 4.17 Colour and thickness of rough sherds. Figure 4.18 Tempering and surface treatment compared. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715508/figure-4-joints-of-vessel-aa"><img alt="Figure 4.19 Joints of vessel aa. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715520/figure-4-thickness-of-decorated-sherds-thickness-of"><img alt="Figure 4.21 Thickness of decorated sherds. Figure 4.20 Thickness of decorated and undecorated sherds. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715532/figure-4-the-reconstructed-vessels-of-left-or-right-back"><img alt="Figure 4.22 The reconstructed vessels: D of M (left); D or M (right); K/L (back) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715536/figure-40-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715546/figure-41-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715559/figure-42-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715574/figure-4-the-most-striking-feature-of-the-mienakker-ceramics"><img alt="The most striking feature of the Mienakker ceramics seems to be their uniformity. The assemblage can be subdivided into two main wares; a large group of thin-walled ware (5-7.5 mm) and a smaller group of thick-walled ware (9-9.5mm). Almost all sherds are tempered with grog and sand (n=595, 91%). Plant temper occurs only ina small group of thick-walled ware. The majority have a dark outside colour (n=q22, 70%). The walls of most sherds have been left rough, though a small group of thin-walled ware has been (lightly) smoothened. The ceramics were most probably at least partially produced locally, as a stone tool used to smoothen or polish the surface of vessels was found.*° qq% of the rims and 25% of the wall sherds are decorated. Figure 4.28 Plant temper and thickness compared at Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker (in %). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715581/figure-44-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715591/figure-4-sand-temper-and-thickness-compared-at-keinsmerbrug"><img alt="Figure 4.30 Sand temper and thickness compared at Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker (in %). Figure 4.29 Grog temper and thickness compared at Keinsmerbrug and Mienakker (in %). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715610/figure-46-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715618/figure-47-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715636/figure-48-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715647/figure-49-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715663/figure-50-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715672/figure-51-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715689/figure-52-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715700/figure-5-selection-of-flint-artefacts-showing-use-wear"><img alt="Figure 5.5 Selection of flint artefacts showing use-wear traces related to the working of mineral material/amber: a. 7594: fragment-borer; b. 6830-1: fragment- borer; c. 1346: fragment-borer; d. 2918,10071-2: fragment-borer; e. 2203-4: fragment-borer (adapted from Peeters 2001b Fig. 27: 553). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715712/figure-54-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715724/figure-5-use-wear-traces-on-an-experimental-tool-used-to"><img alt="Figure 5.7 Use-wear traces on an experimental tool used to drill amber; a. rounding of the tip after 15 minutes of work (200x); b. same (500x); c. rounding and polishing of the edge covering fractures on the tip (100x); d. same (500x); e. rounding of the lateral side of the borer after 15 minutes of use (100x); f. same (200x); g. after 60 minutes the polish also extends into the depressions (200x); h. same (500x). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715734/figure-5-three-metates-and-one-mano-recovered-showing-use"><img alt="Figure 5.8 Three metates (a-c) and one mano (d) recovered showing use wear related to cereal processing. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715744/figure-5-four-hammerstones-related-to-percussion-activities"><img alt="Figure 5.9 Four hammerstones related to percussion activities. extensive rounding of the crystals, is clearly related to cereal processing. also present on the surface of the tool. These traces are related to the contact between the mano and the metate. Similar use-wear traces are present on the metate 3829-1. On the top, the polish is very well developed, mostly on the more elevated topographical areas of the surface of the metate. However, the motion is not very clear, and some patina and post- depositional alterations are also present. Nevertheless, the bottom shows a smooth flat surface, with rounded crystals and a very well developed cereal polish, caused by friction between the stone, an underlying surface — most likely skin — and cereal grains that fell off the metate and ended up between stone and skin. Finally, the last metate, 6452-1, shows minor development of use-wear traces. Even though the polish is clearly related to grain milling, the wear is mainly visible on the higher topographical areas of the surface. Grinding stones " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715755/figure-5-use-wear-traces-related-to-hammerstones-and-querns"><img alt="Figure 5.10 Use-wear traces related to hammerstones and querns: a. crystal alterations related to pounding and percussion; b. polish and rough surface related to pounding and percussion; c. very well-developed cereal polish on the active surface of the metate; d. polished surface of the mano as a result of grinding cereals. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715766/figure-5-use-wear-traces-on-bone-related-to-scrape-an"><img alt="Figure 5.11 Use-wear traces on bone (2171-4725) related to scrape an undetermined vegetable material. Use-wear traces are developed on both distal and proximal edges (100x and 200x; 100x and 200x). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715775/figure-5-distal-fragment-of-bone-chisel-to-work-wood-and"><img alt="Figure 5.12 Distal fragment of a bone chisel (1040-7735) to work wood (100x, 200x and 200x). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715786/figure-5-use-wear-traces-on-bone-implement-ripple-related-to"><img alt="Figure 5.13 Use-wear traces on a bone implement (ripple 1636-3294) related to scrape skin, probably using a minera additive (100x and 200x). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715796/figure-5-possible-bone-tool-used-as-sharpener-on-the-top-of"><img alt="Figure 5.14 Possible bone tool (2602-6341) used as a sharpener. On the top of the image, use-wear traces related to an unspecified hard material (100x and 200x). On the bottom of the image, polished surface of the tool (200x). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715810/figure-63-taken-from-the-occupation-layer-during-the"><img alt="taken from the occupation layer during the excavation in 1990. The pollen spectra — synchronised with the time of the occupation of the site — indicate that the site was characterised by an open, treeless landscape, and was influenced by brackish water.'** Most of the tree pollen recorded in the pollen spectra must have come from some distance (possibly several kilometres) as their percentages are fairly unchanging over time. Moreover, deciduous trees such as lime, elm, oak, hazel and even " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715818/figure-6-group-of-charred-seeds-of-sea-aster-aster-tripolium"><img alt="Figure 6.2 a. Group of charred seeds of sea-aster (Aster tripolium), obviously charred when still attached to the flower head; b. seeds of sea purslane (Atriplex portulacoides). Both find number 2880. Both plants are characteristic of higher areas in salt marshes. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715829/figure-6-charred-seed-of-wild-teasel-dipsacus-fullonum-from"><img alt="Figure 6.3 a. Charred seed of wild teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) from Mienakker (find number 2880); b. recent plant. This plant grows in many habitats, but especially on clay soils. It may have grown as a weed near the Mienakker settlement, preferably away from the influence of brackish water. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715837/figure-6-naked-barley-field-at-seed-saving-in-denmark-photo"><img alt="Figure 6.4 a. Naked barley field (at Seed saving in Denmark) (photo: Wikipedia Commons); b. Ears of emmer wheat (photo BIAX Consult). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715848/figure-6-charred-rachis-remains-of-barley-the-basal-rachis"><img alt="Figure 6.5 a. Charred rachis remains of barley; b. the basal rachis segment of barley ear which suggest that complete ears of barley were carried into the settlement. All remains recovered from feature 118, find number 2852. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715865/figure-6-charred-grain-and-chaff-remains-of-emmer-triticum"><img alt="Figure 6.6 a. Charred grain and chaff remains of emmer (Triticum dicoccon), find number 2852, feature 118. Two grains of emmer are attached to each other, just as they would be inside the spikelet (marked with an arrow); b. emmer chaff - spikelet forks and basal rachis segment (the latter marked by an arrow). chaff elements such as glume bases and spikelet forks are most likely to survive archaeologically. The by-products of threshing the cereals can be used as fuel, animal fodder or building/bedding material. It is interesting to note that free-threshing cereals produce considerable quantities of chaff in just one threshing event. As for glume cereals, de- husking is performed just prior to food preparation and threshing remains are therefore produced only on a small scale."%” 6.4.2 Was Mienakker involved in the bulk handling of grain? " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715880/figure-6-distribution-of-cereal-grain-and-chaff-map-nobles"><img alt="Figure 6.7 Distribution of cereal grain and chaff (map: G.R. Nobles). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715891/figure-70-drying-and-finally-the-pounding-of-the-ikelets"><img alt="drying and finally the pounding of the ikelets. Clearly, fire would be involved in the -husking of the grain, which could initiate casional fire accidents resulting in charring o e grain meant for consumption. we were looking at a producer site and/or a site where threshing remains were very important. There is one significant aspect of the harvesting of free-threshing cereals, presented by Cappers,” which might explain how the threshing remains of naked barley ended up here. The harvesting of free-threshing cereals is problematic as the scattering of grain may start as soon as the upper spikelets have become ripe. Waiting for the lowest spikelets to become fully mature may cause a substantial part of the yield " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715901/figure-6-charred-seed-of-flax-linum-usitatissimum-find"><img alt="Figure 6.9 a. Charred seed of flax (Linum usitatissimum) (find number 2855, feature 122); b. recent flax (photo: Wikipedia Commons). Linseed (and hazelnuts) may hav. been a major component of the diet at Mienakker, as sources of food rich in plant oils. As far as food rich in plant oil is concerned, flax or linseed (Linum usitatissimum) would certainly have made a good contribution to the diet at the Mienakker settlement. The fact that linseed was used as food in prehistory is indicated by the presence of seed remains in coprolites of human origin found at the Neolithic lakeshore settlement Arbon Bleiche 3 on Lake Constance in Germany. ‘There was a lot of cereal pollen and bran, remains of linseed and some apple pericarps’ but it was not possible to say whether all of these food components were consumed separately or in one dish. be applied to the cultivation/use of flax by people of the Single Grave Culture on the Dutch coast is difficult to say (for the moment at least). What emerges from the archaeobotanical record is that people associated with the Corded Ware tradition used flax both for its oil and for its fibres (the latter revealed by finds from Zeewijk?°%), and that these people were therefore involved in the changing use of this important crop plant. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715918/figure-6-charred-pip-and-fruit-parenchyma-of-crab-apple"><img alt="Figure 6.10 a. Charred pip and fruit parenchyma of crab apple (Malus sylvestris) (find number 2880 from the ‘zeefput’); b. recent wild crab apples (photo: Wikipedia Commons). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715928/figure-6-sem-micrographs-of-charred-fragment-of-acorn"><img alt="Figure 6.11 SEM micrographs of a charred fragment of acorn (Quercus sp.) parenchyma (find number 285, feature 117 a. overall; b. close-up view. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715941/figure-74-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715954/figure-6-sem-micrographs-of-charred-lump-of-processed-cereal"><img alt="Figure 6.12 SEM micrographs of a charred lump of processed cereal food (find number 7353, feature 114): a. partially preserved surface and boundaries of individual (fragmented) grains are visible; b. internal texture of a grain showing anatomical features of emmer grain testa (transverse and longitudinal cells); c. possibly a fragment of barley grain, either undeveloped naked barley grain or sea barley grain. Another lump (find number 8793) of processed plant material was found to have a rather ‘mushy’ texture. It was probably made of cereal grain, as boundaries of fragmented grains were occasionally observed. Interestingly, this specimen also consists of remains of sea-club rush seeds (Bolboschoenus maritimus) which obviously entered this meal as additional components. One seed was even preserved almost intact and embedded in the matrix (Fig. 6.13a). Even more interesting is the presence of a " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715964/figure-76-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715974/figure-77-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_077.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715979/figure-6-sem-micrographs-of-charred-lump-of-processed-food"><img alt="Figure 6.13 SEM micrographs of a charred lump of processed food (find number 8793): a. seed of sea-club rush (Bolboschoenus maritimus); b. fragment of a fish scale (marked by arrow) embedded in the food matrix. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_078.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3715988/figure-6-charred-lump-of-processed-grain-possibly-porridge"><img alt="Figure 6.14 Charred lump of processed grain, possibly porridge-like meal made of coarsely crushed and whole barley grains (find number 2880). The upper arrow points to barley grain, the lower arrow points to cereal matrix (photo: M. van Waijjen). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_079.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716003/figure-7-residue-mao-view-of-the-interior-of-rin-fragment"><img alt="Figure 7.1 Residue MAo1 - view of the interior of a rin fragment from vessel 1 with black residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. Figure 7.3 Residue MAo3 - view of the exterior and interior of rim fragment from vessel 13 with a black residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_080.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717596/table-1-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717600/table-2-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716018/figure-7-residue-mao-view-of-the-interior-of-various"><img alt="Figure 7.8 Residue MAo8 - view of the interior of various matching wall fragments from vessel X with brown-black residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. Figure 7.7 Residue MAo7 - view of the exterior of fragment 5624 from vessel M with black residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. Figure 7.6 Residue MAo6 - view of the exterior and interior of fragment from wall of vessel E with brown-black and rust- coloured residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_081.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716030/figure-82-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_082.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716041/figure-7-residue-maos-view-of-the-interior-of-various"><img alt="Figure 7.5 Residue MAos - view of the interior of various matching fragments from the wall of vessel 26 with brown-black residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. Some fragments show secondary burning (no. 6056). Figure 7.4 Residue MAog - view of the interior of rim fragment from vessel 22 with brown-black residues. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_083.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716050/figure-84-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_084.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716059/figure-7-residue-maog-view-of-the-exterior-and-interior-of"><img alt="Figure 7.9 Residue MAog - view of the exterior and interior of two fragments from vessel O with black residues. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample on the exterior of the fragment 4572. Figure 7.10 Residue MAio - view of the interior of wall fragment 7668 with brown-black residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_085.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716066/figure-7-residue-ma-view-of-the-interior-of-two-matching"><img alt="Figure 7.11 Residue MA11 - view of the interior of two matching wall fragments with thick brown and black residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample on fragment 2177. Figure 7.12 Residue MA12 - view of the interior of a wall fragment with thick brown and rust-coloured residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_086.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716074/figure-7-residue-maq-view-of-the-interior-of-various-wall"><img alt="Figure 7.14 Residue MA14q - view of the interior of various wall fragments with brown-black residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. Figure 7.13 Residue MAi3 - view of the interior of a wall fragment with brown residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_087.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716081/figure-88-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_088.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716093/figure-7-residue-mai-view-of-the-interior-of-wall-fragment"><img alt="Figure 7.16 Residue MAi6 - view of the interior of a wall fragment with white and brown residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. Figure 7.15 Residue MAis - view of the interior of a wall fragment with brown-black residue. The red rectangle shows the location of the sample. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_089.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716102/figure-90-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_090.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716119/figure-91-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_091.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716130/figure-92-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_092.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716149/figure-93-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_093.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716161/figure-7-sample-maoz-vessel-no-find-no-sem-micrograph"><img alt="Figure 7.18 Sample MAoz (vessel no. 12, find no. 4095). SEM micrograph showing epidermal tissue of a stem or leaf fragment. Small round hair scars are marked by arrows. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_094.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716173/figure-7-sample-maogq-vessel-no-find-no-sem-micrograph"><img alt="Figure 7.19 Sample MAogq (vessel no. 22, find no. 4688). SEM micrograph showing epidermal tissue of a stem or leaf fragment embedded in otherwise fused residue matrix. Small, round hair scars are marked by arrows. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_095.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716191/figure-7-sample-mao-vessel-no-find-no-sem-images-showing"><img alt="Figure 7.20 Sample MAo8 (vessel no. X, find no. 6973). SEM images showing fragmented fish scales embedded in residue matrix: a. overall view. b. detail, showing pattern of multiple bars outlining the texture of individual scale fragments. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_096.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716207/figure-97-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_097.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716221/figure-98-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_098.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716236/figure-99-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_099.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716249/figure-7-sample-mais-vessel-with-no-number-find-no-sem"><img alt="Figure 7.21 Sample MAis5 (vessel with no number, find no. 7074). SEM images showing fragmented fish scales embedded in residue matrix. Different areas within the residue were examined and photographed. Multiple bars outlining the texture of individual scale fragments are visible (a & b). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_100.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716259/figure-101-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_101.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716275/figure-102-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_102.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716284/figure-7-samples-maio-vessel-with-no-number-find-no-sem"><img alt="Figure 7.23 Samples MAio (vessel with no number, find no. 7668). SEM image showing featureless, spongy or mushy residue matrix. No further identification. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_103.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716298/figure-7-sample-maq-vessel-with-no-number-find-no-sem-image"><img alt="Figure 7.24 Sample MA1q (vessel with no number, find no. 4056). SEM image showing featureless, solid matrix. N further identification. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_104.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716310/figure-7-the-mass-spectrum-of-the-desorption-phase-of"><img alt="Figure 7.26 The mass spectrum of the desorption phase A of residue MAo1 is characterised by the presence of saturated fatty acids (white square) and contaminants (star) such as phthalates and solvent (ethanol). Two prominent peaks (m/z 44 and 28) show the gases COz and CO, probably originating from carbonates. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_105.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716323/figure-7-total-ion-current-tic-of-residue-mao-showing-sharp"><img alt="Figure 7.25 Total ion current (TIC) of residue MAo1 showing a sharp peak in pyrolysis phase B (scan 55-80) and a slight increase in intensity in desorption phase A (scan 30-50). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_106.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716333/figure-7-the-mass-spectrum-of-pyrolysis-phase-scan-of"><img alt="Figure 7.27 The mass spectrum of pyrolysis phase B (scan 55-80) of residue MAo1 still shows saturated free fatty acids (white squares) and also clearly shows indicators of amino acids and charred proteins (black triangles). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_107.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716342/figure-7-total-ion-current-tic-of-residue-mao-showing-no"><img alt="Figure 7.28 Total ion current (TIC) of residue MA1o showing no clear increase in intensity in desorption phase A (scan 30-50), indicating a lack of volatiles in the residue. A significant increase in intensity is visible in the early pyrolysis phase B (scan 50-60) resulting in a sharp peak in the later pyrolysis phase C (scan 60-80). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_108.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716361/figure-7-the-mass-spectrum-of-desorption-phase-scan-of"><img alt="Figure 7.29 The mass spectrum of desorption phase A (scan 30-50) of residue MA10 is characterised by the absence of lipids. Two sets of prominent peaks dominate the spectrum. One set (m/z 44 and 28) indicates the presence of the gases COz2 and CO, probably formed from carbonates; the other set (m/z 45 and 31) originates from the solvent (ethanol). Some contaminants (stars) such as phthalates (m/z 149) and an unknown contaminant (m/z 243) are visible. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_109.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716377/figure-7-the-mass-spectrum-of-later-pyrolysis-phase-scan"><img alt="Figure 7.31 The mass spectrum of later pyrolysis phase B (scan 50-60) primarily shows markers for charred protein fragments (black triangles) and charred polysaccharide remains (black circles). Some contaminants are still visible (stars). Figure 7.30 The mass spectrum of early pyrolysis phase B (scan 50-60) of residue MA1o shows markers (triangles) for amino acids and heated proteins as well as for some polysaccharides (circles) in a more or less condensed state. Contaminants are indicated with stars. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_110.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716392/figure-111-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_111.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716408/figure-7-the-mass-spectrum-of-desorption-phase-scan-of"><img alt="Figure 7.33 The mass spectrum of desorption phase A (scan 30-50) of residue MAi6 is characterised by a well-preserved lipid profile including fatty acids (squares) and fragments of intact acyllipids (diamonds). Some contaminants (stars) such as phthalates and solvent (ethanol) are visible. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_112.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716432/figure-7-total-ion-current-tic-of-residue-ma-showing-one"><img alt="Figure 7.32 Total ion current (TIC) of residue MA16 showing one major peak in later pyrolysis phase C (scan 70-105) and two other areas of interest: desorption phase A (scan 30-50) and the early pyrolysis phase (area B, scan 50-70). The high peak at the beginning of the TIC is the organic solvent used for sample introduction. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_113.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716438/figure-7-the-mass-spectrum-of-late-pyrolysis-phase-scan-of"><img alt="Figure 7.35 The mass spectrum of late pyrolysis phase C (scan 70-105) of residue MA16 is characterised by indicators of charred polysaccharides (black circles), markers for intact peptides and proteins (white triangles) and charred protein markers (black triangles). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_114.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716449/figure-7-the-mass-spectrum-of-early-pyrolysis-phase-scan-of"><img alt="Figure 7.34 The mass spectrum of early pyrolysis phase B (scan 55-70) of residue MA16 is characterised by indicators of charred polysaccharides (black circles), markers for intact peptides and proteins (white triangles) and charred protein markers (black triangles). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_115.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716467/figure-116-starch-in-this-residue-although-some-protein-and"><img alt="(starch) in this residue although some protein and asmall quantity of lipids were found. It is possible that the chemical markers for polysaccharides were no longer visible due to thermal degradation. Polysaccharide markers are very sensitive to thermal destruction. Because it is difficult to identify the origin of protein and lipids, both plant and animal sources need to be considered for these components. The well-fused, somewhat glassy, featureless matrix suggests that the grain was cooked in liquid. It is clear that either plant or animal protein was added because of the richness of protein and the presence of some lipids. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_116.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716483/figure-8-distribution-of-the-charcoal-samples-on-the"><img alt="Figure 8.1 Distribution of the charcoal samples on the excavation map of Mienakker (map: G.R. Nobles). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_117.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716501/figure-8-tangential-section-of-populus-wood-showing-the-long"><img alt="Figure 8.2 Tangential section of Populus wood, showing the long, narrow ray cells (photo: Cornell University Plant Anatomy Collection). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_118.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716513/figure-8-populus-tremula-aspen-stem-photo-wikipedia-commons"><img alt="Figure 8.3 Populus tremula (aspen) stem (photo: Wikipedia Commons). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_119.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716523/figure-9-frequencies-of-different-categories-of-identified"><img alt="Figure 9.1 Frequencies of different categories of identified bird and mammal bones. NR =number of remains, BW = weight in g. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_120.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716537/figure-9-fulmar-in-flight-photo-wikipedia-commons-cut-loose"><img alt="Figure 9.2 A fulmar in flight (photo: Wikipedia Commons). cut loose. The presence of ribs — two of which have cut marks on them — and a fibula also indicates that the meat was eaten. The rest of the consumption waste must have been " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_121.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716550/figure-9-left-coracoid-of-mallard-with-bite-marks-from-small"><img alt="Figure 9.3 Left coracoid of mallard with bite marks from a small carnivore. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_122.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716558/figure-9-given-these-differences-it-is-quite-obvious-that"><img alt="Given these differences, it is quite obvious that fishing for haddock and cod was an important subsistence activity of the inhabitants of Mienakker. Since no contemporaneous sites with the same subsistence activity have been found so far, Mienakker occupies a unique position among the Late Neolithic settlements in the coastal region of the province of Noord- Holland. Figure 9.4 Frequency distribution of freshwater fish, migrating fish, cod, whiting, haddock, Gadidae, Pleuronectidae and other marine fish at Mienakker, Keinsmerbrug, Zeewijk-West and Schagen Hoep-Noord. The percentages are based on the number of identified remains. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_123.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716569/figure-10-the-human-skeleton-opm-in-situ-in-the-field-the"><img alt="Figure 10.1 The human skeleton OPM’90 in situ. In the field, the related feature number was S54. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_124.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716583/figure-10-laboratory-photograph-of-the-human-skeleton-opmgo"><img alt="Figure 10.2 Laboratory photograph of the human skeleton OPM’go. _ The skeleton was buried with its head to the east and its legs to the west. The skeleton lies with its skull towards the ground and is inclined " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_125.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716594/figure-126-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_126.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716610/figure-10-animal-gnawing-on-the-distal-part-of-the-posterior"><img alt="Figure 10.4 Animal gnawing on the distal part of the posterior right femur of the human skeleton OPM’90. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_127.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716615/figure-128-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_128.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716633/figure-10-sem-photographs-of-the-dental-plaque-on-the-third"><img alt="Figure 10.5 SEM photographs of the dental plaque on the third molar left showing the fungal remains, probably of Scopulariopsis, a fungal genus which mainly lives in soils (a. magnification 300x, scale bar 100 um; b. magnification 3000x, scale bar 10 ptm). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_129.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716639/figure-130-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_130.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716658/figure-10-proximal-part-of-the-left-femur-of-the-human"><img alt="Figure 10.6a Proximal part of the left femur of the human skeleton OPM’90 in anterior view. The patch of new bon is encircled. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_131.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716671/figure-10-proximal-part-of-the-left-femur-of-the-human"><img alt="Figure 10.6b Proximal part of the left femur of the human skeleton OPM’90 in medial view. The patch of new bone is encircled. osteoarthritis (OA). The cause of OA cannot be assessed with any certainty, as several factors are known to be important precipitants. These factors include age, genetics, sex, race, obesity, trauma, but most importantly: activity. It is therefore likely that the degenerative changes in the spinal column indicate strain on the back which may have resulted from heavy labour. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_132.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716686/figure-11-the-small-hut-like-structure-at-mienakker-after"><img alt="Figure 11.1 The small ‘hut’-like structure at Mienakker (after Drenth et al. 2008, 157). Chapter 3 also mentions a further complication regarding features, in that they were recorded only once they could be recognised in the natural subsoil. This leaves great potential for many features to be missed or for later features higher in the stratum to have a lesser impact upon the underlying natural layer. For instance, postholes from a later phase which cut through the cultural layer may appear smaller in diameter than they would have done from higher in the stratum. This also limits the " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_133.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716690/figure-11-the-unpublished-larger-hut-at-mienakker"><img alt="Figure 11.2 The unpublished larger ‘hut’ at Mienakker. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_134.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716701/figure-11-isometric-posthole-depths-for-the-postholes-of-the"><img alt="Figure 11.3 Isometric posthole depths for the postholes of the MKI structure. Top wider end NE facing, bottom thinner end SW facing. * excluding fish remains ** spatial information based on data from previous study " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_135.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716712/figure-11-site-overview-with-the-key-features-highlighted"><img alt="Figure 11.4 Site overview with the key features highlighted. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_136.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716724/figure-11-colour-additive-theory-explained-angles-of-slope"><img alt="Figure 11.7 Colour additive theory explained. Figure 11.6 Angles of slope associated with the Aspect- Slope plot. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_137.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716740/figure-11-aspect-slope-colour-and-slope-partitions"><img alt="Figure 11.5 Aspect-Slope colour scheme and slope partitions. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_138.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716744/figure-139-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_139.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716760/figure-11-the-local-terrain-at-the-time-of-the-initial"><img alt="Figure 11.8 The local terrain at the time of the initial habitation. slightly higher banks within the centre of the site. It appears the elevated area to the north and east of the southwestern creek was chosen for the location of the first structure, MKII. The two creeks are different in nature. The southwest creek forms an acute bend. It is likely that this creek meanders through the landscape and joins a partially excavated creek to the northwest. The other creek in the east bends away from the site. Local differences in the elevation may have a bearing on the distribution of finds, as the creeks create a natural trap for materials. giving white. Areas of only one of the densities will be displayed by its associated red, green or blue colouring. For instance in Figure 11.7, where high densities of flint waste and flint flakes are present, the area will be yellow. Where there is an occurrence of flint waste, flakes and splinters the colouring will be appear white. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_140.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716771/figure-11-the-aspect-slope-map-indicating-the-areas-with"><img alt="Figure 11.9 The Aspect-Slope map indicating the areas with varying degrees of steepness as well as direction. Originally, the material was recovered from the excavated squares and collected from aq mm sieve. 419 The bone data were initially based on the old data from the excavation.’ However, this was only a sample of the remains. An assessment of the data by J.T. Zeiler led to the conclusion that the original interpretation to species level was more or less in line with his interpretation.“”” The remaining assemblage was then incorporated. D.C. Brinkhuizen assessed a sample of the fish remains.‘"® Due to the vast quantity and the time available, only a proportion could be analysed. As a result fish bones were not suitable for spatial analysis as such a random sample could not be quantified in relation to the remaining material. The original data on fish remains were equally unsuitable for analysis. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_141.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716778/figure-142-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_142.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716787/figure-143-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_143.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716800/figure-144-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_144.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716808/figure-145-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_145.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716823/figure-146-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_146.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716836/figure-147-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_147.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716849/figure-148-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_148.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716865/figure-149-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_149.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716876/figure-11-the-gi-hotspot-analysis-of-the-flint-material-with"><img alt="Figure 11.18 The Gi* (hotspot) analysis of the flint material with varying bandwidth parametres (metres). Top left: 0.50; top-right 0:90; middle left: 1.00; middle right: 1.45; bottom left 1.50; bottom right: 2.00. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_150.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716886/figure-151-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_151.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716894/figure-11-kernel-density-kde-plots-of-the-flint-subdivisions"><img alt="Figure 11.20 Kernel Density (KDE) plots of the flint subdivisions. Top left: all flint; top right: flint flakes; bottom left: flint waste; bottom right: flint splinters. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_152.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716899/figure-11-interpretation-of-the-flint-material-based-on-the"><img alt="Figure 11.22 Interpretation of the flint material based on the KDE, Gi*, liand multivariate analysis. Flint areas F1-Fs. Figure 11.21 Multivariate visualisation of the flint waste, flakes and splinters. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_153.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716912/figure-154-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_154.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716926/figure-155-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_155.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716934/figure-11-lithic-refitting-of-the-selected-raw-material"><img alt="Figure 11.23 Lithic refitting of the selected Raw Material Units (RMU). Refitting of RMUs 1, 2, 9 & 13 with associated interpretations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_156.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716955/figure-157-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_157.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716966/figure-158-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_158.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716974/figure-159-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_159.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3716984/figure-160-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_160.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717048/figure-11-schematic-overview-of-the-amber-refits-as"><img alt="Figure 11.28 Schematic overview of the amber refits as published in 2001 (after Bulten 2001, 477, Fig. 10). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_161.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717059/figure-162-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_162.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717070/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.31 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel 28. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_163.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717079/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.30 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel 24. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_164.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717088/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.32 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel 13. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_165.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717095/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.33 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel X. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_166.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717106/figure-167-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_167.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717114/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.35 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel U. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_168.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717120/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.34 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel W. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_169.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717130/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.36 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel O. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_170.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717139/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.37 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel 26. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_171.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717148/figure-172-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_172.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717154/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.38 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel b. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_173.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717164/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.39 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel c. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_174.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717178/figure-175-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_175.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717186/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.41 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel f. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_176.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717192/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.40 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel e. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_177.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717200/figure-178-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_178.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717222/figure-11-distribution-left-and-dendrogram-right-of-vessel"><img alt="Figure 11.45 Distribution (left) and dendrogram (right) of vessel j. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_181.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717208/figure-179-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_179.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717230/figure-11-gi-left-and-kernel-density-right-of-the-clay-and"><img alt="Figure 11.46 Gi* (left) and Kernel Density (right) of the clay and daub. The circled point represents the location of the approx. 1 kg of remains which were removed from the analysis. In section 11.3 the features were analysed from a visual perspective, resulting in the definition of four structures. The artefact and ecofact remains all have their individual distributional characteristics (sections 11.6 to 11.11). However, it is not until all these elements are brought together, with the inclusion of the underlying elevation model (section 11.5), that a complete representation of the activities and structure of the site can be determined. Ultimately, this leads to a fuller understanding of the site. Below, the spatial associations will be discussed in the context of the most apparent structuring elements (Fig. 11.48): the large activity area, the MKI and MKII structures, and the creeks. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_182.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717244/figure-11-the-associations-of-the-different-artefact"><img alt="Figure 11.48 The associations of the different artefact categories into a single framework. These associations are discussed accordingly. Figure 11.47 Left: the botanical results by plant type. Right: the cereals by type. The pie chart diagrams illustrate the quantities of material in a ranked order (1-10, 11-100, 101-1000, 1001-5000, 5000+) and the radius of the chart reflects the quantity of remains. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_183.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717262/figure-184-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_184.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717269/figure-11-the-slope-aspect-map-indicating-the-areas-with"><img alt="Figure 11.49 The Slope Aspect map indicating the areas with varying degrees of steepness as well as direction. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_185.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717293/figure-11-possible-other-features-and-interpretations"><img alt="Figure 11.50 Possible other features and interpretations. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_186.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717306/figure-11-multivariate-visualisation-of-the-animal-stone-and"><img alt="Figure 11.51 Multivariate visualisation of the animal, stone and flint material. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_187.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717315/figure-11-illustrative-reconstruction-of-the-mkii-structure"><img alt="Figure 11.52 Illustrative reconstruction of the MKII structure. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_188.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717325/figure-11-left-zeewijk-oost-structure-after-nobles-in-prep"><img alt="Figure 11.53 Left Zeewijk-Oost structure (after Nobles in prep.). Right Mienakker MKI. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_189.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717335/figure-11-the-two-structures-superimposed-on-each-other-the"><img alt="Figure 11.54 The two structures superimposed on each other. The Zeewijk-Oost structure has been rotated eastwards by 5.42 degrees. The north arrow belongs to the Mienakker structure. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_190.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717345/figure-11-an-illustrative-reconstruction-of-the-mki"><img alt="Figure 11.55 An illustrative reconstruction of the MKI structure displaying the situation (a) and positioning (b, in blue) of the burial, the former creek and the MKI structure (c, light grey), and (d. below) potential roof forms. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_191.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717359/figure-12-the-location-of-the-two-sets-of-branches-in-the"><img alt="Figure 12.1 The location of the two sets of branches in the southwestern creek. During the excavation the excavators remarked on the field drawings that they could be the remains of discarded bows. Later one of these configurations (Fig.12.4) was published in Van Ginkel and Hogestijn’s publication*** Bekermensen aan zee. Vissers en boeren in Noord-Holland, 4500 jaar geleden. Within this publication the suggestion of canoes is discussed in a general way, indicating the likely use of canoes with a twig framework covered by skin rather than the use of dugout canoes. It is only in the caption to Figure 824° that they suggest these branches are canoes. The authors write: ‘At two spots in Mienakker, in close proximity to each other, two straight and one curved branch were found: the frames of one or two skin canoes’. The depiction of a coracle,**” a basket like vessel (see also Section 12.3), next to the image of the remains is unfortunate. as it mav confiise the reader " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_192.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717375/figure-12-drawings-of-the-two-groups-of-branches"><img alt="Figure 12.2 Drawings of the two groups of branches. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_193.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717384/figure-12-more-detailed-picture-of-the-southeastern-set-of"><img alt="Figure 12.4 More detailed picture of the southeastern set of branches as found in situ. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_194.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717398/figure-12-one-set-of-branches-as-found-in-situ-in-the-creek"><img alt="Figure 12.3 One set of branches as found in situ in the creek. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_195.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717410/figure-12-the-bow-from-hardinxveld-giessendam-polderweg"><img alt="Figure 12.5 The bow from Hardinxveld-Giessendam Polderweg (drawing/photo: Louwe Kooijmans, Vermeeren & Van Waveren 2001, 384-385). Scale of the drawings (left and the photo's right) 1:8, detail photo’s (middle) 1:2. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_196.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717422/figure-12-fish-trap-from-bergschenhoek-photo-dutch-national"><img alt="Figure 12.6 Fish trap from Bergschenhoek (photo: Dutch National Museum of Antiquities). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_197.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717433/figure-12-present-day-example-of-coracle-in-india-photo"><img alt="Figure 12.7 A present-day example of a coracle in India (photo: Wikipedia Commons). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_198.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717447/figure-12-an-umiak-can-carry-fair-number-of-people-as-this"><img alt="Figure 12.8 An umiak can carry a fair number of people as this image of Inuit racers from Alaska in 1915 show (photo: Wikipedia Commons). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_199.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717455/figure-12-hypothetical-cross-section-of-canoe-left"><img alt="Figure 12.9 Hypothetical cross-section of a canoe (left); hypothetical cross-section of a coracle (right). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_200.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717471/figure-13-plot-of-all-results-on-the-calibration-curve"><img alt="Figure 13.1 Plot of all *4C results on the calibration curve. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_201.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717481/figure-13-the-haddock-from-poll-source-is-rarely-found-in"><img alt="Figure 13.2 The haddock (from Poll 1947; source www.marinespecies.org) is rarely found in Neolithic sites and was caught in deep water by means of a boat. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_202.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717493/figure-13-mienakker-features-and-the-interpretation-of"><img alt="Figure 13.3 Mienakker features and the interpretation of structures. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_203.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717507/figure-204-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_204.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717517/figure-205-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_205.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717530/figure-206-appvii-dental-inventory-of-opmo-the-gray-parts"><img alt="Fig. AppVII Dental inventory of OPM’9o. The gray parts are reconstructed (element 12) or observations hare hampered because of SEM procedures (elements 37 and 38). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_206.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717547/figure-207-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_207.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717557/figure-208-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_208.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717569/figure-209-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_209.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717582/figure-210-this-scientific-report-is-the-second-monograph-to"><img alt="This scientific report is the second monograph to emerge from the Odyssey project Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. It focuses on the analysis of the Mienakker site, excavatec n1990. At that time, a house plan was identified in the field. The discovery of a well- reserved Late Neolithic burial also aroused a lot of excitement at the time. Like the Keinsmerbrug site, the first unlocked site, the excavated area was fairly small, but tt analysis of the Mienakker site revealed very different, intriguing results. The new results and nterpretations are presented in this volume. The analyses show that Mienakker was inhabited year-round, and that a range of very diver: activities were performed there. It was inhabited and returned to for many years somewher yetween 2880 and 2480 cal BC. During the latest stages of occupation the settlement at Mienakker turned into a more ‘ritualised’ place. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/figure_210.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717609/table-3-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="1.6 Administrative information " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717620/table-2-the-result-of-gra-is-shown-but-is-not-reliable"><img alt="* the result of GrA-1670 is shown but is not reliable. Table 2.1 Overview of all radiocarbon dates from Mienakker " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717631/table-5-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717644/table-6-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717655/table-4-relation-between-the-size-and-amount-of-grog-and"><img alt="Table 4.5 Relation between the size and amount of grog and sand. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717668/table-4-characteristics-of-the-decorated-vessels-and-allc"><img alt="Table 4.7 Characteristics of the decorated vessels. and allc consist solely of rows of oblique impressions in one direction.” Type 1d consists of rows of oblique impressions in two directions.’”? On type 1b horizontal lines are sometimes combined with rows of oblique impressions in two directions.” Type 1¢ combines horizontal lines and rows of impressions in one direction.” Since the sherds found at Mienakker are very small it is impossible to assign them to one of these Van der Waals and Glasbergen categories. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717674/table-4-characteristics-of-the-undecorated-vessels"><img alt="Table 4.8 Characteristics of the undecorated vessels. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717681/table-10-fable-characteristics-of-the-decorated-and-special"><img alt="fable 4.9 Characteristics of the decorated and special wall sherds " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717691/table-4-characteristics-of-the-feet"><img alt="Table 4.10 Characteristics of the feet. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717698/table-12-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717709/table-5-classification-of-the-raw-material-by-peeters-and"><img alt="Table 5.1 Classification of the raw material by Peeters (2001) and Garcia-Diaz (present study). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717720/table-14-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717734/table-5-metrical-data-on-the-scrapers-one-blade-core-the"><img alt="Table 5.3 Metrical data on the scrapers. one blade core. The main conclusion of Peeters’ technological analysis is that the technology employed at Mienakker can be considered ‘relatively complex’."”’ He arrived at this conclusion after analysing the technological features of the products. Peeters distinguishes two technical approaches. The first one is based on the exploitation of small flint nodules with hard direct percussion while the second is based on the exploitation of larger nodules, using a unidirectional reduction sequence."? In addition, after the analysis of the flint assemblage, Peeters described four technological systems. Two of them were considered opportunistic while the other two were considered curative systems." The analysis of cores, waste, splinters and some artefacts suggests that the flaking process was carried out on site, after the raw material was brought to the settlement. One argument supporting this hypothesis is the refitting of a number of cores recorded by Peeters.'"° As mentioned above, only a few of those refits have been recorded in the second analysis, providing some information about the technological organisation of the groups as well as the formation of the site.""® " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717747/table-5-metrical-data-on-the-retouched-flakes"><img alt="Table 5.4 Metrical data on the retouched flakes. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717760/table-5-metrical-data-on-the-blades-pebbles-blades"><img alt="Table 5.5 Metrical data on the blades. Pebbles Blades " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717774/table-18-direct-percussion-like-for-example-the-hammer-and"><img alt="direct percussion, like for example the hammer and anvil technique.’ The size of the pebbles determined the final size of the products, as well as their shape. One of the main conclusions that is also related to Peeters’ technological analysis is the use of these pebbles as cores for some specific final products, such as the borers. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717786/table-19-that-similar-final-products-would-be-obtained-which"><img alt="that similar final products would be obtained, which explains the similar shapes and sizes of five of the borers. There is a clear difference between Peeters’ classification and the current one. Peeters recorded 2q borers and seven potential drills.'2° All the artefacts were characterised by at least some slight retouching on one of the edges. As in the current analysis, Peeters also defined two different groups of tools based on their metrical attributes. The firs: one includes borers with a diameter between 5 and 9 mm, while the second group is composed of borers with a diameter equal to or greater than 12 mm.' " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717798/table-5-metrical-data-on-the-borers"><img alt="Table 5.8 Metrical data on the borers. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717807/table-5-stone-tool-artefacts-versus-raw-material"><img alt="Table 5.9 Stone tool artefacts versus raw material. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717818/table-5-metrical-data-on-the-stone-flakes-even-though-most"><img alt="Table 5.10 Metrical data on the stone flakes. Even though most of the stones recovered at the site (97.2%) do not show any technological modification or use-wear traces, the 3% with use-wear traces are very varied. Some of them, like the querns and the grinding stones, were flaked to obtain the desired shape. Others, such as the hammerstones, were used without further modification and could only be distinguished by the presence of percussion marks. As mentioned above, Mienakker is located in an area where stone is not available. The nearby beaches and the glacial till deposits at Wieringen have been interpreted as the provenance area of the igneous rock and the sandstone. '*4 present, the preservation of the flakes is good. Only two flakes show traces of burning and the extent of post-depositional alteration is small. The edges and ridges are rounded in most cases. In addition, some crystals located on the higher topographical areas of the surface show some rounding due to post-depositional alterations. The five flakes were probably produced by hard percussion and none of them show secondary modifications. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717831/table-5-metrical-data-on-the-stone-flakes-metrical-data-of"><img alt="Table 5.10 Metrical data on the stone flakes. Table 5.11 Metrical data of the querns. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717837/table-24-completely-covered-the-possible-use-wear-traces-on"><img alt="completely covered the possible use-wear traces on the flake, so no use-wear analysis could be performed. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717846/table-5-show-traces-related-to-contact-materials-that-could"><img alt="show traces related to contact materials that could not be specified further (Table 5.13). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717857/table-5-stone-tool-use-wear-tool-type-versus-contact"><img alt="Table 5.13 Stone tool use wear: tool type versus contact material. A small pebble measuring qo mm (2716-2) displays three areas with use wear related to plant processing. On two sides, located opposite each other, use-wear traces are displayed as a result of the use of the implement as a hammerstone. These areas display percussion and pounding traces. One area was probably battered with another (stone) tool, while the other would be the one in contact with the plant material. This hypothesis is supported by the existence of isolated points of polish on the opposite area. The polish is related to an abrasive, medium-hard material. The distribution of the polish and the presence of slight edge rounding suggest a transversal motion. The third area that shows use-wear traces — the bottom — displays a smooth surface with a very well developed polish and considerable rounding of the grains, mostly on the left part of the surface. The latter area could be related to the smoothing of an unspecific hard, abrasive vegetable resource, probably the same material that was worked with the other two areas with use-wear traces. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717873/table-27-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717882/table-28-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717895/table-29-fable-overview-of-the-archaeozoological-analysis-of"><img alt="fable 5.15 Overview of the archaeozoological analysis of the bone implements that were not suitable for use-wear analysis. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717905/table-30-one-of-the-major-questions-raised-about-the-sites"><img alt="One of the major questions raised about the site’s manner of subsistence economy was whether the people of Mienakker produced their own cereal crops. Various characteristics of the site point to local cultivation. Mienakker is a site where people stored their cereal crop both as semi-clean (possibly partly immature) ears, in the case of naked barley, and as semi-clean spikelets in the case of emmer. Mienakker is also a site where people generated considerable quantities of threshing by-products from the early stages of crop processing. These remains are to be expected at sites where people were producing their own crops. Cerealia-type pollen obtained from both on- and off-site pollen spectra indicate that cereals were possibly grown near the site. At Mienakker, the majority of the seeds of wild plants are likely to have arrived at the site either as plant foods or with harvested crops, assuming that the fields were located in salt marsh area, presumably on the highest parts of salt marshes and on natural levees. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717920/table-31-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717938/table-7-overview-of-botanical-results-short-description-of"><img alt="Table 7.2 Overview of botanical results. A short description of plant and non-plant tissues observed under an SEM microscope and a brief interpretation of food components is given. sherd number 6106 (Vessel no. 1). Under the scanning electron microscope, small silicified epidermal fragments of emmer (Triticum dicoccon) were observed, approximately 70 um x 25 um in size (Fig. 7.17a). They were embedded in an otherwise featureless fused residue matrix (as presented in Fig. 7.17b). The epidermal fragments were not well preserved and offered no possibility to measure the length of individual epidermal long-cells, as no short cells were present within the epidermal tissue. There is no doubt about the identification, however, because the material observed here can be compared with other well-preserved examples of emmer epidermis encrusted in organic residues on pottery from other, recently studied Neolithic sites such as Ypenburg and Keinsmerbrug.?** It ic nat ciirnricing that cama fina chaff fram " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717946/table-33-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717955/table-7-overview-of-combined-botanical-and-chemical-evidence"><img alt="Table 7.4 Overview of combined botanical and chemical evidence from residue " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717966/table-8-charcoal-and-other-findings-divided-by-sample-oak-is"><img alt="Table 8.1 Charcoal and other findings divided by sample (oak) is a strong type of wood that grows in dunes, where it follows once birch has made the conditions less calcareous. It can be used for construction wood as well as firewood. possibly native to the Netherlands. Populus nigra (black poplar) occurs naturally in river valleys.?”4 Populus canescens (grey poplar) is a hybrid of Populus tremula and Populus alba. The latter is sensitive to cold conditions and probably reached our region in post-Medieval times.?” Populus tremula (aspen) is the most widespread species in Europe, ranging from the tree-line and tundra in the north of Europe to the Mediterranean region.2’6 Since this species occurs naturally in the coastal area, it is probably Populus tremula (aspen) in our material, although Populus nigra cannot be entirely ruled out. However, the absence of other trees from levees " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717986/figure-8-lenticels-in-competition-with-other-trees-populus"><img alt="lenticels (Fig. 8.3). In competition with other trees, Populus tremula soon disappears.?” It is a soft type of wood and a fast-growing tree that often grows in small groups in open areas. The wood of Populus is not well suited for construction purposes because of its poor durability.78° However, Populus wood was used to construct houses at the Swiss lake dwelling settlement Arbon Blaiche 3, where 4.9% of the posts were made of Populus.’*' Several other Swiss lake dwellings also yielded surprisingly large amounts of Populus as building wood, notwithstanding its poor structural quality.?% Some believe that the wood of Populus is highly along rivers (ash, Fraxinus excelsior and elm, Ulmus spec.) might indicate that such biotopes were not generally exploited for firewood. Aspen isa typical pioneer and does not make many demands of its growing environment except that it requires a lot of sunlight. It was one of the first trees to reach the Netherlands after the withdrawal of the last (Weichselian) glaciation.?”” It is also one of the few trees that can survive the salt spray in the present-day dune area of the Netherlands, and is relatively insensitive to salt in the rooting zone.?”? In competitive conditions, the trees are often straight with few side branches. The bark has typical trapezoidal " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3717993/table-9-nr-number-of-remains-frequencies-of-traces-of"><img alt="NR = number of remains. Table 9.1 Frequencies of traces of burning, slaughtering and gnawing on identified birds and mammal bones. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718003/table-9-number-of-remains-nr-and-weight-bw-in-of-identified"><img alt="Table 9.2 Number of remains (NR) and weight (BW, in g) of identified mammals, birds, fish and molluscs (the fish remains were not weighed). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718012/table-9-nr-number-of-remains-bw-weight-in-mammal-remains"><img alt="NR = number of remains; BW = weight in g. Table 9.3 Mammal remains (excl. small rodents). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718040/table-9-distribution-of-skeletal-elements-of-cattle-sheep"><img alt="Table 9.4 Distribution of skeletal elements of cattle, sheep/goat, pig/wild boar and seals. Schnitger mentions the remains of at least two dogs, an adult and a youngster.* From the greatest length (GL) of two radii and a tibia (presumably from the adult specimen, although this is not entirely clear in the report) a withers height of approx. 55 cm was calculated, which means that it was a medium-sized dog. Unfortunately, these bones could not be found; they are also missing from the database. slaughtered, 25-30% of the livestock being culled before the end of their second year. Two- thirds of the cattle were slaughtered before they were 3-q years old, leaving one third to live beyond that age (Tables 9.6 and 9.7). According to the dental data, however, the proportion of animals that were slaughtered before the end of their second year was much higher. Of the seventeen jaws that could be used for ageing, ten were from animals younger than two years, which means a culling rate of 59% (Table 9.8). This discrepancy illustrates the margin that should be considered in such calculations and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718048/table-9-category-vertebra-scapula-humerus-pelvis-femur-incl"><img alt="Category A: vertebra, scapula, humerus, pelvis, femur (incl. patella); category B: head (excl. horn cores), radius, ulna, tibia; category C: horn core, metapodia, carpalia, tarsalia, phalanges. Table 9.5 Remains of cattle (excl. stray teeth), divided into main processing categories (after Uerpmann 1973). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718063/table-9-proximal-distal-fu-epiphysis-fused-older-than-age"><img alt="p. = proximal; d. = distal; FU = (epiphysis) fused = older than age indicated; UF = (epiphysis) unfused = younger than age indicated. Table 9.6 Age class determinations of cattle, sheep and pig/wild boar, based on the stages of fusion in postcranial bones. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718070/table-9-fu-epiphysis-fused-older-than-age-indicated-uf"><img alt="FU = (epiphysis) fused = older than age indicated; UF = (epiphysis) unfused = younger than age indicated. Table 9.7 Age classes and culling rates of cattle based on the stages of fusion in postcranial bones. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718077/table-9-bd-greatest-width-of-the-distal-end-gl-greatest"><img alt="BD = greatest width of the distal end; GL = greatest length; GLL = greatest length of the lateral half; GLM = greatest length of the medial half. Table 9.9 Measurements (in mm) of skeletal elements and withers height (in cm). The seal remains comprise ribs, caudal vertebrae and parts of the head, but mostly elements from the lower limbs: metapodia, phalanges and carpal and tarsal bones. Long bones are absent, apart from one fibula (Table 9.4). The same applies to scapulae, vertebrae (apart from the caudal vertebrae) and pelvis. This strongly suggests that parts of the bones are in fact the remains of skins brought from the killing site to the settlement with the feet and skull attached. Cut marks on a first and third phalanx indicate the places where the hide was " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718091/table-45-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718098/table-9-nr-number-of-remains-bw-weight-in-no-percentages-per"><img alt="NR = number of remains; BW = weight in g. No percentages per species were calculated because of the preponderance of ducks. Table 9.10 Bird remains. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718108/table-9-duck-remains-skeletal-elements-of-body-parts-numbers"><img alt="Table 9.11 Duck remains: skeletal elements of body parts (numbers) versus species. As mentioned above (section 9.2.1), none of the bird bones shows butchering traces, but bite marks from a small carnivore can be seen on fourteen of them (all duck bones). They were probably made by a polecat or a marten (Fig. 9.3). Apparently, part of the consumption waste was accessible for scavengers. Two bones, a carpometacarpus of teal/garganey anda tibiotarsus of duck, show a pathological thickening that may be the result of a healed fracture or an infection. Comparison of the frequency of individual wing and leg bones gives the same picture (Table 9.12). The meatless lower leg bone, the tarsometatarsus, is heavily underrepresented compared to the wing bones, which corresponds with the almost complete absence of posterior phalanges. The numbers are somewhat higher for the (more meaty) tibiotarsus. Evidently, the lower parts of the legs were cut off before the other parts were prepared for consumption and were discarded in a different place from the " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718114/table-9-hu-humerus-fe-femur-ra-radius-ul-ulna-cmc"><img alt="hu = humerus; fe = femur; ra = radius; ul = ulna; cmc = carpometacarpus; tit = tibiotarsus; tmt = tarsometatarsus. Table 9.12 Duck remains: proportions of wing and leg bones (numbers) versus species. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718119/table-9-nri-number-of-remains-and-percentages-per-taxon"><img alt="NRi= number of remains and percentages per taxon according to Beerenhout (1991); NR2= number of remains anc percentages per taxon after re-identification. Table 9.13 Fish remains. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718127/table-9-nr-number-of-remains-minimum-maximum-and-average"><img alt="NR = number of remains. Table 9.14 Minimum, maximum and average total length (in cm) of haddock and cod according to Beerenhout (1991). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718134/table-9-background-fauna-small-mammals-the-bird-species-are"><img alt="Table 9.15 Background fauna: small mammals. The bird species are either resident or migratory/winter birds. The first category provides little helpful information on seasonality. As for the latter, nowadays nearly all species present at Mienakker spend a large part of the year in this region and are truly absent for only a few months. The ruff used to be a typical summer visitor, but in the course of the last century the Dutch breeding population collapsed and the number of overwintering birds increased, although it is still fairly scarce during that season.*” An important indication of summer activity is the large quantity of duck bones: ducks were most likely caught during the moulting period, in July and August. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718144/table-10-summary-of-the-estimates-of-age-at-death-for-the"><img alt="Table 10.1 Summary of the estimates of age-at-death for the human skeleton OPM’90. their estimate is mainly based on the dental attrition of OPM’9o0 and the histological results on the left femur, which estimated the age-at- death at between 20 and 27.7 However, dental attrition is not a very reliable indicator of age as the wear of the dentition is directly influenced by the environment — the food consumed, in other words.?® Furthermore, the histological results may be biased because of diagenesis, as the cortex of the bone was only locally intact.7% It is therefore more likely that OPM’90 was a late young adult rather than a young adult. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718153/table-10-not-present-present-unobservable-non-metric-traits"><img alt="(a = not present; p = present; - = unobservable). Table 10.2 Non-metric traits scored for the human remains OPM’90 according to Buikstra and Ubelaker 1994. supported by the limited expression of non- metric traits in Western Eurasian populations, as also visible for the dentition of OPM’go. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718158/table-11-types-of-data-and-availability-for-spatial-analysis"><img alt="Table 11.1 Types of data and availability for spatial analysis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718169/table-11-unique-identifiers-for-each-dataset-as-recorded-in"><img alt="Table 11.2 Unique identifiers for each dataset as recorded in the database. ramp is chosen and applied according to significance levels. In this case a three-tone colour ramp has been applied with classifications which relate to significance levels. For the Gi* statistic blue depicts areas of significant clustering of low values (< -1.96) and red indicates significance clustering of high values (> 1.96) between the excavation units. For the Local Moran’s statistic a different approach was taken from the methodology applied at Keinsmerbrug.*” In this case the li statistic was classified in terms of the relationships between the excavation unit and its neighbours. These relationships can be either High-High, Low-Low, High-Low or Low-High. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718177/table-56-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718193/table-11-the-subdivision-of-the-flint-material-in-total"><img alt="Table 11.4 The subdivision of the flint material. In total 1298 pieces of flint were recovered from the excavation.**4 Of these, 1009 were attributed to a square number, whereas 263 were lacking this information. This must be taken into consideration when drawing conclusions regarding the interpretations. An additional 26 were from test pits, but it is not clear which flints are from which test pit. All the finds from the test pits were therefore excluded from further analysis. moderate densities with some accumulation in the eastern creek. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718206/table-11-the-subdivision-of-the-stone-material"><img alt="Table 11.5 The subdivision of the stone material. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718215/figure-11-confines-of-the-mkii-structure-hence-the-location"><img alt="confines of the MKII structure (Fig. 11.29). Hence, the location of the amber bead production area may be associated with the hearth. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718220/table-11-botanical-remains-association-between-vessels-and"><img alt="11.11.3 Botanical remains Table 11.7 Association between vessels and recognised structures and important features, in terms of likelihood. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718229/table-11-fable-phasing-and-interpretation-of-the-site-with"><img alt="fable 11.8 Phasing and interpretation of the site with reference to certain elements. The erosion of the mammal bone distribution further indicates that the use of the large activity area was also prior to the construction of the structure. The grave, which is seen as Stratigraphically late in the sequence, cuts through the bird remains distribution, another indication of the earlier nature of the large activity area. The later phasing of the MKI structure and grave do not appear to be accidental; they both appear as the last phase of activity on the site. These two elements are thought to be linked, based on their temporal and spatial situation (Table 11.8). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718236/table-13-phasing-of-mienakker-associated-features"><img alt="Table 13.1 Phasing of Mienakker, associated features, interpretation and absolute dating. Absolute chronology PRM OMU EMD CERES) Besides identifying stratigraphical relationships between features and cultural layers, 1*C dates were taken in order to gain an understanding of the chronology of the site. These dates, and the relative phasing described above, allow the site at Mienakker to be placed in an absolute timeframe (Fig. 13.1). Habitation took place somewhere between 2880 and 2480 BC. Traces and features like cattle hoof prints, fence lines, a storage pit (feature S120) and the postholes and hearth belonging to structure MKII can be positively attributed to this phase. A deposit of refuse north of the house and in the creek (probably still active at the time) constitute the material remnants of this phase of occupation at Mienakker. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718242/table-13-seasonality-at-mienakker-built-cattle-were-kept-in"><img alt="Table 13.2 Seasonality at Mienakker. built, cattle were kept in a specific area of the settlement and refuse was dumped outside the house structure to keep the living floor clean. gathering and farming — were carried out in specific seasonal episodes during the year. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718246/table-64-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718251/table-65-appendix-studied-ceramic-characteristics"><img alt="Appendix I: Studied ceramic characteristics " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718256/table-66-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718267/table-67-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718276/table-68-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718281/table-69-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718289/table-70-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718296/table-71-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="Mammals " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718303/table-72-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718311/table-73-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="Clavicle " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718319/table-74-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718325/table-75-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718326/table-76-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718332/table-77-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="Tarsals " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_077.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718336/table-78-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_078.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718342/table-79-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_079.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718350/table-80-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_080.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718356/table-81-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_081.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718367/table-82-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_082.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718379/table-83-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_083.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718391/table-84-cranial-trait-midline"><img alt="Cranial trait (midline) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_084.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718398/table-85-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="Postcranial morphology " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_085.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718406/table-86-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_086.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718420/table-87-molar-attrition-brothwell-maat"><img alt="Molar attrition: Brothwell 1983, Maat 2001 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_087.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718426/table-88-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_088.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718447/table-89-cranial-suture-closure-meidl-lovejoy"><img alt="Cranial suture closure (Meidl & Lovejoy 1985) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_089.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718450/table-90-auricular-surface-buckberry-chamberlain"><img alt="Auricular surface: Buckberry & Chamberlain 2002 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_090.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718462/table-91-pubic-symphysis-males-todd-auricular-surface"><img alt="Pubic symphysis (males): Todd 1920 Auricular surface: Lovejoy et al. 1985 Pubic symphysis: Brooks & Suchey 1990 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_091.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718470/table-92-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_092.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718473/table-93-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_093.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718479/table-94-maxillary-suture-closure-mann-et-al"><img alt="Maxillary suture closure (Mann et al. 1987, 1991) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_094.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718490/table-95-sacrum-fusion-and-morphology-passalacqua"><img alt="Sacrum fusion and morphology: Passalacqua 200+ " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_095.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718499/table-96-acetabulum-rissech-etal"><img alt="Acetabulum: Rissech etal. 2006 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_096.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718507/table-97-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_097.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718515/table-98-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_098.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718527/table-99-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_099.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718537/table-100-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="Maxillary " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_100.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718545/table-101-matter-of-life-and-death-at-mienakker-the"><img alt="Mandibular " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_101.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718550/table-102-legend-absent-present-unobservable-non-metric"><img alt="Legend: a = absent; p = present; - = unobservable. Non-metric skeletal traits " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39488610/table_102.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3718561/table-103-non-metric-skeletal-traits-legend-absent-present"><img alt="Non-metric skeletal traits Legend: a = absent; p = present; - = unobservable. 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Kleijne, O. Brinkkemper, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier, B.I. Smit & E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2013): A Matter of Life and Death at Mienakker (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32280289/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5054865/J_P_Kleijne_O_Brinkkemper_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_B_I_Smit_and_E_M_Theunissen_eds_2013_A_Matter_of_Life_and_Death_at_Mienakker_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape">J.P. Kleijne, O. Brinkkemper, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier, B.I. Smit & E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2013): A Matter of Life and Death at Mienakker (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/OttoBrinkkemper">Otto Brinkkemper</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://falw.academia.edu/EstherPlomp">Esther Plomp</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaritvandenHof">Marit van den Hof</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0c413114e88faabf1d8e19d5ba9d0e35" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32280289,"asset_id":5054865,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32280289/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5054865"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5054865"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5054865; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5054865]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5054865]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5054865; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5054865']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0c413114e88faabf1d8e19d5ba9d0e35" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5054865]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5054865,"title":"J.P. 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I inventoried all...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A book about the Bronze Age in Kennemerland, a coastal area in the Netherlands. I inventoried all the sites, analysed the most important sites (e.g. the Velserbroek sites!) and synthesised the results. Unfortunately it's in Dutch...<br />Research was funded by the Province of North-Holland and executed between February and November 2014.<br />The book itself can be bought at Huis van Hilde, the Archaeological Museum/Depot of the Province of North-Holland in Castricum (<a href="http://www.huisvanhilde.nl" rel="nofollow">www.huisvanhilde.nl</a>).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a1e8e034986b71f324c2dd58e3caf046" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":49580894,"asset_id":24890097,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49580894/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="24890097"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24890097"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24890097; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24890097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24890097]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24890097; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='24890097']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a1e8e034986b71f324c2dd58e3caf046" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=24890097]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":24890097,"title":"Kennemerland in de Bronstijd. 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Unfortunately it's in Dutch...\nResearch was funded by the Province of North-Holland and executed between February and November 2014.\nThe book itself can be bought at Huis van Hilde, the Archaeological Museum/Depot of the Province of North-Holland in Castricum (www.huisvanhilde.nl).","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24890097/Kennemerland_in_de_Bronstijd_Inventarisatie_en_synthese_van_archeologische_vindplaatsen","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-04-29T15:35:09.715-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":61854,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49580894,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49580894/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kleijne_2015_Kennemerland_Bronstijd_text.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49580894/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Kennemerland_in_de_Bronstijd_Inventarisa.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/49580894/Kleijne_2015_Kennemerland_Bronstijd_text-libre.pdf?1476391909=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKennemerland_in_de_Bronstijd_Inventarisa.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671784\u0026Signature=YMPOx0mhlAubE3FFjkuD54P-lFeVvLDcDA09GWcHup2dvulrQk35YSmxuciRN8Zk2WRduEZJSFJ1FNGdDNT5n7M9-soFoJHLBjHFooP~3FOO30ng524WtSoynfAeLafM4GsSCbhL7UOeRrWrEg65uJhMf1Uz9qKW6G-JoX8~B~f4msfaLzN6d81RbOwiKU-DGEexKJAP8rP-tStpQOuQ6cOVcO1G7PjYkR7wRY6kwwz103NF6c0YYa8ttqYm3hZJGdXT~0Ywb9CALhtuah6tXaGk1XqfIYey7KagYNn~EwiSz-3Ea7Jyxp~310T3VXvVWk55Wns~BySG6ztbztquBQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Kennemerland_in_de_Bronstijd_Inventarisatie_en_synthese_van_archeologische_vindplaatsen","translated_slug":"","page_count":45,"language":"nl","content_type":"Work","summary":"A book about the Bronze Age in Kennemerland, a coastal area in the Netherlands. I inventoried all the sites, analysed the most important sites (e.g. the Velserbroek sites!) and synthesised the results. Unfortunately it's in Dutch...\nResearch was funded by the Province of North-Holland and executed between February and November 2014.\nThe book itself can be bought at Huis van Hilde, the Archaeological Museum/Depot of the Province of North-Holland in Castricum (www.huisvanhilde.nl).","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":49580894,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49580894/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kleijne_2015_Kennemerland_Bronstijd_text.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49580894/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Kennemerland_in_de_Bronstijd_Inventarisa.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/49580894/Kleijne_2015_Kennemerland_Bronstijd_text-libre.pdf?1476391909=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKennemerland_in_de_Bronstijd_Inventarisa.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671784\u0026Signature=YMPOx0mhlAubE3FFjkuD54P-lFeVvLDcDA09GWcHup2dvulrQk35YSmxuciRN8Zk2WRduEZJSFJ1FNGdDNT5n7M9-soFoJHLBjHFooP~3FOO30ng524WtSoynfAeLafM4GsSCbhL7UOeRrWrEg65uJhMf1Uz9qKW6G-JoX8~B~f4msfaLzN6d81RbOwiKU-DGEexKJAP8rP-tStpQOuQ6cOVcO1G7PjYkR7wRY6kwwz103NF6c0YYa8ttqYm3hZJGdXT~0Ywb9CALhtuah6tXaGk1XqfIYey7KagYNn~EwiSz-3Ea7Jyxp~310T3VXvVWk55Wns~BySG6ztbztquBQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":40780,"name":"Settlement archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_archaeology"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-24890097-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2358143"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2358143/B_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_and_E_M_Theunissen_eds_2012_A_Kaleidoscope_of_Gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier & E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30396148/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2358143/B_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_and_E_M_Theunissen_eds_2012_A_Kaleidoscope_of_Gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape">B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier & E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/OttoBrinkkemper">Otto Brinkkemper</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/VirginiaGarciaDiaz">Virginia Garcia Diaz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/BjornSmit">Bjorn Smit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JornZeiler">Jørn Zeiler</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research with...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research within the framework of the Odyssey project ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The limited scale of the excavation made Keinsmerbrug an excellent choice, serving as a test case for the approach within the project Single Grave Project. In order to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data, a group of specialists worked together. In <br />this volume the new results and interpretations are presented. The analyses show that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only <br />seasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. The site <br />of Keinsmerbrug is interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site). <br />This scientific report is intended for archaeologists, as well as for other professionals and amateur enthusiasts involved in archaeology. <br />The Cultural Heritage Agency provides knowledge and advice to give the future a past.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-2358143-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2358143-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702222/figure-5-artefacts-with-traces-of-different-materials-scale"><img alt="Figure 5.4 Artefacts with traces of different materials (scale 1:1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702238/figure-48-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702252/figure-49-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702612/figure-6-great-sedge-cladium-mariscus-charred-rhizome"><img alt="Figure 6.10 Great sedge (Cladium mariscus) charred rhizome fragment (find number 3-1-222). There were a few other remains of charred parenchyma in Keinsmerbrug, but their poor preservation precluded any form of identification. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702628/figure-73-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702639/figure-74-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703386/figure-10-northern-structure-displays-more-of-an-overlap"><img alt="Northern structure 2 displays more of an overlap between the two groups, although the central posts generally fall into two groups: shallow with varying widths or relatively deep but thinner (Fig. 10.55). The wall posts range from thin but shallow to wide but shallow, or shallow and thin to deep and thin in some cases. This overlap could also be due to some of the external wall posts being deliberately wider than their counter- parts, as they may have supported cross beams. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_146.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703394/figure-10-the-dendrogram-of-sherds-from-vessel-and-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.56 The dendrogram of sherds from vessel q and the distribution of sherds by quantity for vessel q (values less than 1 are the result of multiple locations of a sherd). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_147.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701674/figure-1-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701693/figure-1-location-of-the-research-area-red-square-the-aim-of"><img alt="Fig. 1.1: Location of the research area (red square). The aim of the Odyssey programme is the scientific disclosure of internationally important archaeological field research carried out between 1900 and 2000 that was not further investigated or published at the time. 32 projects will be carried out from 2009 to 2013: four long- term investigations (lasting four years) and 28 short-term studies (lasting one year).2 The outcome of these projects will help provide new narratives about the past for local residents and help define research questions for new research. dug at most of these sites. Some of the sites underwent large-scale excavation. This research demonstrated the excellent preservation of organic remains (including human burials), inorganic materials and settlement features. This quality, combined with the fact that the sites are located in similar palaeoenvironmental settings (a tidal zone), makes this set of sites one of the most important Late Neolithic cultural landscapes in Northwestern Europe. Within the Netherlands, its quality far exceeds that of the SGC sites in the surrounding sandy Pleistocene areas, where the SGC is mainly known from burials (settlement sites are barely recognisable) or from sites where long-term reuse of locales has resulted in loss of chronological and spatial resolution (Fig. 1.2) .5 Noord-Holland’s site complexes therefore offer vast opportunities to increase our understanding of SGC subsistence, settlement variability, cultural differentiation, material culture and human-landscape interaction. E.M. Theunissen, J.H.M. Peeters & B.I. Smit " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701709/figure-1-of-relations-between-the-main-research-topics"><img alt="Fig. 1.3 - Scheme of relations between the main research topics. Archaeozoology is being studied by J.T. Zeiler (ArchaeoBone), in the case of mammals and birds, and D.C. Brinkhuizen is analysing the fish remains. Both are being supported by R.C.G.M. Lauwerier (RCE). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701720/figure-4-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701730/figure-2-reconstruction-of-the-pleistocene-relief-in-metres"><img alt="Fig 2.2: Reconstruction of the Pleistocene relief in metres above or below Amsterdam ordnance datum at the start of the Holocene (adapted from Vos & Kiden 2005). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701756/figure-2-location-of-samples-in-dark-grey-samples-were-taken"><img alt="Fig 2.3 : Location of *C samples (in dark grey) Samples were taken from the squares: 82, 127, 178, 287, 416 and from feature 1003. The BP dates all fall within a limited range and the calibrated time range is also fairly limited. Oxcal q.1 was used for the calibration (Fig. 2.q).34 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701762/figure-7-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701772/figure-3-simplified-schematic-of-the-original-report-matrix"><img alt="Figure 3.1 A simplified schematic of the original report matrix derived from the text. (G represents the Natural and T the Topsoil). thought to be Medieval, as the tops of the features had Medieval layers compacted into them. The posts were hit into the ground rather than a hole being dug and then backfilled. There is an area of the habitation layer which is noticeably thicker than its surroundings, possibl caused by build-up due to habitation or by erosion of the layer surrounding it caused by compaction due to occupation. Several peaty layers are said to signify returning habitation. The phasing can be illustrated by a very simple Harris Matrix (Fig 3.1). Many of the Neolithic features were initially " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701782/figure-3-the-base-of-the-cultural-layer-the-thickness-of-the"><img alt="Figure 3.3 The base of the cultural layer. Figure 3.4 The thickness of the cultural layer (max. 23 cm). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701789/figure-10-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701795/figure-3-the-neolithic-site"><img alt="Figure 3.6 The Neolithic site. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701803/figure-12-went-down-to-depths-of-one-metre-all-of-the-pits"><img alt="went down to depths of one metre. All of the pits cut the underlying shell bank, and some also cut thinner shell bands. Many postholes cut the pits but it is not possible to assign any of them to an individual phase. least a few habitation phases. Within this layer, five charcoal areas have been interpreted as hearths. The hearths cover one of the pits, supporting the theory of an earlier phase. The cultural layer fills the tops of many of the pits above the natural backfill. This layer is up to 20cm thick, and could be represented in the baulk profiles as multiple layers, indicating at " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701808/figure-3-sections-of-pits-unknown-direction"><img alt="Figure 3.8 Sections of pits (unknown direction). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701813/figure-14-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701821/table-3-it-was-classed-as-post-or-stakehole-an-attempt-was"><img alt="it was classed as a post- or stakehole. An attempt was made to distinguish between the stake- and postholes by looking for a break between the perimeter values, but there was no identifiable split in the dataset. Postholes and stakeholes have therefore been kept in the same class and are referred to hereafter only as postholes. THIETHIULy UP TUITE SUrURlur al Periialllo. Finding hoof marks within a Neolithic context is not unique. Similar hoof marks were found at the settlement site at Ypenburg near The Hague. There are some differences in the character of the postholes (Table 3.2). Most are single " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701825/table-3-shape-and-quantities-of-postholes"><img alt="Table 3.2: Shape and quantities of postholes. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701835/figure-17-underlying-stratigraphy-the-underlying"><img alt="3.4.2 Underlying stratigraphy The underlying stratigraphy of the site is formed mostly of sand with areas of shell with clay and sandy clay around the edges of the site. Below this is a series of thin shell bands and a shell bank. The shell bank would have been visible on the ground surface as it protruded through the top of the cultural layer. It is possible that this bank might have formed a geographical feature in the local landscape, discrete but still visible. It may have been covered by vegetation, but this would have led either to greater or to stunted growth of the plant life. The original excavators believed this bank to have natural origins. In the absence of further evidence to oppose this view, the original interpretation remains. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701849/figure-4-thickness-of-all-sherds-in-mm-there-is-relation"><img alt="Fig. 4.1 Thickness of all sherds in mm. There is a relation between the thickness of the sherds and the size and amount of the tempering materials added. For grog (the most frequently used tempering material), a graph has been produced showing the relation between the size of the particles and the thickness of the sherds. Figure 4.9 shows that fine particles with a width of less than one mm are only added to " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701863/figure-19-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701870/figure-4-tempering-and-thickness-of-the-sherds-tempering-and"><img alt="Fig. 4.3 Tempering and thickness of the sherds. Fig. 4.5 Tempering and thickness of the sherds tempered with sand and combinations with sand. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701877/figure-21-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701887/figure-4-colour-and-thickness-compared-size-of-grog"><img alt="Fig. q.10 Colour and thickness compared. Fig. 4.9 Size of grog particles (mm) in percentages, in relation to the thickness of the sherd (mm). SS —_ F However, the level of oxygen in the fire is not the only influence on the colour of the vessels. The colour can also change during use, deposition and post-deposition. On many of the studied sherds dark stains are visible which are probably related to their function as cooking vessels. A selection of sherds with charred food remains has been studied by T. Oudemans and L. Kubiak-Martens.% Some sherds have been re- fired, which also leads to changes in coloration. These sherds are brittle and are black, blue or " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701901/figure-4-thin-walled-sherds-whereas-larger-particles-of"><img alt="thin-walled sherds, whereas larger particles of between 2 and 3 mm are more frequently added to thick-walled sherds. One to two mm particles are most frequently added to sherds with a wall thickness between 6 and 7.5 mm. The grog- tempered sherds can thus be divided into two groups; the grog- and plant- or quartz-tempered ones are thin and contain little tempering material, the grog- and red granite-tempered ones are thicker and contain more tempering material. We can thus conclude that the relation between the thickness, size and amount of tempering materials indicates that deliberate choices were made by the potter, and the pots were probably made in different workshops. The firing method of 184 sherds was determined. The majority are completely dark. Both the inside, outside and core of these sherds have a (dark) grey or (dark) brown colour. The other 81 sherds show as many as seven other colour schemes (Table q.1). In figure q.10 the colour of the outside of the sherds and the thickness of the sherds is compared. This shows that both the thin-walled and the thick-walled ware include dark and light vessels. The thick- walled sherds are proportionally more likely to be light-coloured. The colour of the outside of the sherds has also been compared to the tempering added; there is no correlation between these characteristics (Fig. 4.11). Fig. 4.8 Tempering and thickness of the sherds tempered with quartz and combinations with quartz " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701918/figure-24-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701933/figure-4-tempering-and-colour-compared"><img alt="Fig. 4.11 Tempering and colour compared. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701946/figure-4-surface-treatment-outside-and-thickness-compared"><img alt="Fig. 4.12 Surface treatment outside and thickness compared. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701958/figure-4-vessels-with-hatched-rows-in-alternating-directions"><img alt="Fig. 4.14 Vessels with hatched rows in alternating directions (1:2) (vessel 2 (14.4b) and 3 (14.qa)). Fig. 4.13 Vessel with hatched rows in alternating directions (1:4) (vessel 1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701971/figure-28-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701982/figure-4-vessels-with-spatula-impressions-in-horizontal-rows"><img alt="Fig. 4.15 Vessels with spatula impressions in horizontal rows (scale 1:2) (vessel q and sherd 2-1-5/6). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3701991/figure-30-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702005/figure-4-vessel-with-rope-decoration-scale-vessel-vessel-is"><img alt="Fig. 4.17 Vessel with rope decoration (scale 1:2) (vessel 6). Vessel 6 is decorated with rope impressions (Fig. 4.17). Van der Waals and Glasbergen classified halfway-down rope-decorated (PF) beakers as type 1a; all-over rope-ornamented beakers were classified as type 2llb.*8 Since we have an incomplete vessel without parts of the underside we cannot with any certainty compare the beaker with one of these types. Vessel 6 is grog-, sand- and plant-tempered, the wall is 5.5 mm thick, and the pot has a gentle profile anda rim diameter of just 10 cm. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702013/figure-4-decorated-wall-sherds-scale-sherds-and-vessels-with"><img alt="Fig. 4.19 Decorated wall sherds (scale 1:2) (sherds 2-1-56, 3-1-59, 3-2-1006 and 4-1-384/385/401/402). Fig. 4.18 Vessels with fingertip impressions (scale 1:2) (vessels 7 and 8). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702026/figure-33-thickness-of-or-mm-this-is-remarkable-since-these"><img alt="thickness of 8 or 8.5 mm. This is remarkable since these thicknesses do not occur often. All these vessels have a rim and neck with an outward sloping shape. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702050/figure-4-undecorated-vessels-scale-vessels-and"><img alt="Fig. 4.20 Undecorated vessels (scale 1:2) (vessels 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 and 19). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702064/figure-4-perforated-sherd-scale-sherd-base-sherds-scale"><img alt="Fig. 4.22 Perforated sherd (scale 1:1) (sherd 2-1-57). Fig. 4.21 Base sherds (scale 1:2) (vessels 4, 15, 20, 22 and 21). In square 10, 39 wall sherds and qo pieces of grit were found, probably all belonging to the same vessel, as their temper and firing methods are alike. No rim or base sherds were present, or are so severely damaged that they can no longer be recognised as such. All the wall sherds are severely weathered; the inside and outside have flaked off in almost all cases. The sherds are tempered with grog and are between 7 and 10.5 mm thick. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702081/figure-36-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702097/figure-4-distribution-of-the-sherds-their-tempering-and"><img alt="Fig. 4.23 Distribution of the sherds, their tempering and weight. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702108/figure-38-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702117/figure-4-distribution-of-the-thick-walled-sherds"><img alt="Fig. 4.25 Distribution of the thick-walled sherds. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702129/figure-4-distribution-of-the-smoothed-sherds"><img alt="Fig. 4.26 Distribution of the smoothed sherds. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702138/figure-4-distribution-of-sherds-from-vessel-distribution-of"><img alt="Fig. 4.27 Distribution of sherds from vessel 1. Fig. 4.28 Distribution of sherds from vessel 3. Fig. 4.30 Distribution of sherds from vessel 5. Fig. 4.29 Distribution of sherds from vessel 4. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702147/figure-42-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702155/figure-43-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702178/figure-44-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702189/figure-5-flint-raw-material-from-left-top-to-right-bottom-rm"><img alt="Figure 5.1 Flint raw material. From left top to right bottom. RM1: grey and fine-grained flint with fossils. RM2: grey and fine-grained flint without fossils or mineral inclusions. RM3: flint with old surface. RMq: rolled pebbles. RMs: grey flint without fossils but with light inclusions. RM6: fine-grained flint with a yellow and grey mottled colour. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702205/figure-5-flaking-marks-observed-in-the-surface-of-the-half"><img alt="Figure 5.3 Flaking marks observed in the surface of the half bead found at Keinsmerbrug. The few implements found at the site provide little information about the amber ornaments. The analysis of the bead shows that the amber was modified to create a circular shape. Amber can be worked in two different ways: by cutting and by flaking.*¢ Flaking marks were observed in the surface of the bead (Fig. 5.3). Also, a circular perforation was made in the middle of the bead. As the analysis suggests, the perforation was made from two directions. The perforation is also scratched. A flint borer was probably used to produce the perforation. Small archaeological borers have been found at other Neolithic sites such as Mienakker. The preliminary analysis of the borers suggests that they were used to produce beads and amber ornaments. Similar borers were found at Aartswoud.®% Unfortunately, no borer with these characteristics was found in Keinsmerbrug, so we cannot determine whether this bead was made locally. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702265/figure-5-the-study-of-hafting-traces-is-not-very-well"><img alt="The study of hafting traces is not very well developed, and this phenomenon tends to be overlooked in use-wear analysis. However, some recent experimental work has shown that hafting can leave substantial traces.s7 The authors stress that the absence of experimental Figure 5.7 From left top to right bottom: 1586: use-wear displayed in a hide scraper (50x and 50x); 1465: use-wear displayed in a bone scraper (50x and 50x); 1783: bright surface produced by a contact of the flint implement surface with mineral (50x and 50x); 1671: polish very similar to the one that develops after boring skin. At Keinsmerbrug, just three implements showed any polish or retouches that suggest that they were hafted. In two cases, the use- wear recorded on the tools can be defined as bright spots. These bright spots are considered "indubitable evidence for assessing that a tool was used in a haft’.ss On the other tool, the position of the fire alterations, clearly marked by a straight line in its surface, suggests that the tool was hafted when it came into contact with the fire. In any case, the incidence of hafting is not very high. This can be explained as the result of a high level of alteration in the flint implements, but also because most of the tools were probably used without hafting. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702279/figure-5-traces-of-pounding-and-percussion-the-level-of"><img alt="Figure 5.8 Traces of pounding and percussion (10x). The level of fragmentation is so high that just 6.3% of the tools show their original shape The hammer stone was selected for phytolith analysis. Even though the surface of the hammer stone shows some phytolith remains, the plant species could not be determined. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702287/figure-5-wear-traces-along-the-rim-of-the-perforation-of-the"><img alt="Figure 5.9 Wear traces along the rim of the perforation of the half amber bead. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702295/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-flint-implements"><img alt="Figure 5.10 Distribution patterns of flint implements. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702311/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-use-wear-on-flint"><img alt="Figure 5.11 Distribution patterns of use-wear on flint artefacts. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702336/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-burnt-flint"><img alt="Figure 5.12 Distribution patterns of burnt flint. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702347/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-hard-stone-case-with-flint"><img alt="Figure 5.13 Distribution patterns of hard stone. case with flint, the distribution of burnt hard stone implements does not seem related to any intentional modification of the stones (Fig. 5.14). However, the relationship between the hammer stone with the activity Area 2 is worth noting. As mentioned above, this area could be related household activities. The presence of the hammer stone might support this idea (Fig. 5.15). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702362/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-burnt-hard-stone"><img alt="Figure 5.14 Distribution patterns of burnt hard stone. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702370/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-the-hammer-stone"><img alt="Figure 5.15 Distribution patterns of the hammer stone. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702381/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-amber-implements-the"><img alt="Figure 5.16 Distribution patterns of amber implements. The spatial distribution of the few amber implements does not provide much information. However, it is worth noting that the three " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702394/figure-6-samples-grid-position-of-the-botanical-samples"><img alt="Figure 6.1 Samples grid - position of the botanical samples, including features and activity areas. Maps by G.R. Nobles " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702403/figure-61-there-two-additional-grassland-species-dandelion"><img alt="There, two additional grassland species, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and meadow grass (Poa pratensis/trivialis), would have found their most favourable habitats. It is clear from " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702431/figure-62-accumulated-for-example-backswamps-plants-such-as"><img alt="accumulated (for example backswamps), plants such as reed (Phragmites), great sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes (Eleocharis palustris/uniglumis), common marsh-bedstraw (Galium palustre), water/corn mint (Mentha aquatica/arvensis) and various sedges (Carex acuta/elata and Carex riparia) would have found their primary habitats. Culms of Phragmites and seeds of Cladium mariscus are particularly well represented in charred macrofossil assemblages. This would suggest that stands of both plants were well developed near the site, either in the freshwater marsh or in slightly brackish locations, since both species tolerate slightly brackish conditions. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702444/figure-6-emmer-triticum-dicoccon-grain-and-chaff-remains"><img alt="Figure 6.6 Emmer (Triticum dicoccon) grain and chaff remains (find number 4-1-416). Figure 6.5 Naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) find number 3-1-127. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702465/figure-64-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702484/figure-65-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702494/figure-6-there-is-complete-absence-of-wild-fruits-or-berries"><img alt="There is a complete absence of wild fruits or berries, hazelnuts or acorns among the remains of both waterlogged and charred assemblages, and there is consequently no evidence for the gathering of wild plant foods. This is surprising, since remains of crab apple, berries, hazelnuts and acorns are present in plant assemblages at a few other Single Grave Culture sites in the area.110 There may be various reasons for this gap in the remains from Keinsmerbrug. The most obvious reason would be that these plants were not available near the site, though they might have been available within some distance of the site, for example on the sandy soils of Wieringen. Perhaps a better explanation, one that would account for the absence of wild fruits, acorns and hazelnuts, is the possibility that the site was used outside the gathering season for these wild foods (i.e. not during late summer and early autumn). Assuming this to be the case, we may further suggest that this gap in the record might be an indication that the site was not occupied permanently. Ian aDUNGANce OF FEMAINS IS any Measure OF the importance of the plant they derive from, then the find of orache (Atriplex spp.) seeds deserves to be emphasised. The presence of orache seeds in one of the charred lumps of processed food (see following section) has specific implications for the interpretation of an abundant presence of combined finds of Atriplex spp. seeds including Atriplex littoralis (Fig. 6.8) and seeds of the groups littoralis/prostrata and patula/ prostrata throughout the site deposits. It may actually suggest that seeds of various Atriplex species were gathered for food at Keinsmerbrug. The dietary potential of the seeds of many chenopods (including Atriplex spp.) is enhanced by the fact that they often grow in great abundance, that each plant can produce huge quantities of seeds, and that most of them are also rich in protein. Their potential as food in past human diets has therefore been repeatedly emphasised in the archaeobotanical literature.” " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702527/figure-6-quademans-upon-being-broken-open-one-of-the-organic"><img alt="1. Quademans). Upon being broken open, one of the organic lumps (find number 3-1-2q0) revealed embedded fragments of emmer grain (Fig 6.9a&b). Fragmented (crushed?) seeds of orache (Atriplex), some identified as Atriplex littoralis, were also embedded in the lump matrix (Fig. 6.9c&d ). In addition, stem or leaf epidermis of a herbaceous plant (possibly Allium) was also observed in the matrix. The latter could have been used to flavour this mush of emmer grain and orache seeds. Another lump (find number 3-1-289) consisted of cereal grains (possibly barley). Individual grains could occasionally be distinguished. Chemical analysis revealed no traces of organic " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702549/figure-68-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702562/figure-69-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702577/figure-70-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702596/figure-71-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703026/figure-10-trend-surfaces-for-animal-bone-weight-distribution"><img alt="Fig. 10.2 Trend surfaces for animal bone (weight) distribution: top left to bottom right orders 1-12. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_110.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703035/figure-111-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_111.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703042/figure-112-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_112.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702644/figure-6-salicornia-europaea-on-mud-flats-near-de-westhoek"><img alt="Figure 6.12 Salicornia europaea on mud flats near De Westhoek (prov. Friesland), young plants accompanied by last year dry stands (a). And dry last year stands of Aster tripolium on the higher part of salt marsh (b). Photographed in May by W. van der Meer. The food crops that were used included naked barley and emmer. Both may have been cultivated in the coastal area, but were probably not grown in the close vicinity of the site. The site has produced assemblages of plant foods composed almost exclusively of cereals. In addition to cereals, the use of orache seeds as Plants such as Bolboschoenus maritimus, Cladium mariscus and Phragmites may also have been collected for various other reasons. Dry stands may have been collected as fuel but also as building material, or for example as thatching for roofs, to make mats, and as insulation material. Eventually these materials may have burnt during accidental or deliberate fires. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702650/figure-8-distribution-of-sampled-residues-plotted-on-map-of"><img alt="Fig. 8.1 Distribution of sampled residues plotted on a map of Keinsmerbrug. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702658/figure-8-residue-view-of-the-interior-of-wall-fragments-from"><img alt="Fig. 8.3 Residue K5 - view of the interior of wall fragments from vessel 21 with black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample Ks on fragment 3-1-200 II. Fig. 8.2 Residue Ki - view of the interior of a rim fragment from vessel 3 with black residue. The white rectangle shows the location of the sample. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_077.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702664/figure-78-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_078.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702672/figure-8-residue-view-of-the-exterior-of-wall-fragments-with"><img alt="Fig. 8.5 Residue K6* - view of the exterior of wall fragments with black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample K6* (SEM8 study). Fig. 8.4 Residue K6 - view of the interior of a wall fragment with a black residue. The white rectangle shows the location of sample K6 on fragment 3-2-1006 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_079.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702688/figure-80-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_080.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702705/figure-8-residue-view-of-the-interior-of-fragments-from"><img alt="Fig. 8.10 Residue K16 - view of the interior of fragments from vessel 8 with thick black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample Ki6 (SEM18). Fig. 8.9 Residue K15 - view of the interior of three rim fragments from vessel 4 with thick black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample Ki5 (SEM17). Fig. 8.8 Residue K13 - view of the interior of various fragments with black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample K13 (SEM14). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_081.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702733/figure-8-residue-kg-view-of-the-exterior-of-various"><img alt="Fig. 8.7 Residue Kg - view of the exterior of various fragments from vessel 22 with black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample Kg (SEM11) on fragment 2-1-57. Fig. 8.6 Residue K7 - view of the interior of a rim fragment from vessel 13 with black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample K7 (SEMg) on fragment 4-1-1040. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_082.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702751/figure-83-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_083.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702763/figure-84-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_084.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702776/figure-8-sample-ks-sem-and-and-fine-layer-of-organic-residue"><img alt="Sample Ks - SEM 6 and 7 (Fig. 8.11 A, B and C) A fine layer of organic residue was encrusted on the exterior surface of pottery sherd number 3-1-200 II (originally Pot 20). The crust was fairly solid and had a slightly shiny appearance. Under the scanning electron microscope, small epidermal fragments were observed (approx. 300 x 80 um in size). They were embedded ina rather fused residue matrix (as presented in Fig. 8.11 C). The epidermal remains show wavy cell pattern characteristic of members of the grass family (including cereals). The individual epidermal cells were approx. 80-120 um long and approx. 20-25 um wide (Fig. 8,11 A and B) and as such they match the anatomy of cell patterns observed in recent material from emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon). In this paragraph the results from the botanical study are presented, followed by results of the chemical DTMS study. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_085.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702789/figure-86-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_086.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702796/figure-8-the-previous-sample-although-here-poorly-preserved"><img alt="the previous sample, although here poorly preserved epidermal fragments are only approx. 80 x 30 um in size (Fig. 8.12). Sample K6* exterior - SEM 8 (Fig. 8.12) Od TIPIe NO” CALCTION ~ SEIN O (Pig. 0.12) A thick layer of organic residue was collected from the exterior wall of pottery sherd number 2-1-58 (originally Pot 21). The microstructure of this residue matrix resembles the previous one, being rather solid and somewhat glassy. Plant tissue observed in this residue closely resembles the emmer wheat chaff epidermis embedded in ~ Soe A thin layer of fine organic residue, rather solid in structure, was encrusted on the exterior of sherd number 2-1-57 near the bottom (originally Pot 22). Fig. 8.13 Sample Kg - SEM 11 (find nr. 2-1-57. Pot 22). Organic residue with deteriorated epidermis of emmer wheat chaff embedded in fused residue matrix (latter marked by arrow) (1500x). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_087.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702806/figure-88-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_088.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702814/figure-8-canning-electron-microscopy-found-this-crust-to"><img alt="canning electron microscopy found this crust to ‘“omprise a featureless fused matrix with small 2pidermal fragments (approx. 120 x 50 um in size) of emmer (Triticum dicoccon) chaff (Fig. 8.13). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_089.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702829/figure-90-one-of-the-pottery-sherds-associated-with-extra"><img alt="One of the pottery sherds associated with Extra " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_090.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702840/figure-8-from-the-interior-surface-of-pottery-sherd-number"><img alt="from the interior surface of pottery sherd number 3-1-262 (originally Extra Pot 3). Under a scanning electron microscope this crust was found to comprise a featureless fused matrix with small yet well-preserved fragments of epidermal tissue of emmer chaff (approx. 200 X50 um in size) (Fig. 8.15 A and B). plant component, there were also small fragments embedded in the residue matrix which could originate from (animal/fish) bone (Fig. 8.14 B). A thick layer of rather solid crust was collected " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_091.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702852/figure-92-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_092.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702859/figure-8-sample-sem-and-od-titple-ni-oem-hls-dg-thick-layer"><img alt="Sample K15 - SEM 17 (Fig. 8.16 A, B and 8.18) Od TITPle NI ~ OEM 17 (hls. 6.10 A, D dG 6.10) A thick layer of rather irregular coarse organic residue was encrusted on the interior surface of pottery sherd associated with Extra Pot 2. Under a scanning electron microscope this residue was found to contain fragments of parenchymatous tissue embedded in the matrix (Fig. 8.16 A and B). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_093.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702864/figure-94-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_094.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702878/figure-8-firmly-fused-to-the-grain-special-processing-method"><img alt="firmly fused to the grain. A special processing method such as parching or pounding is required to release the grain from the chaff.147 rectangular cells 20 to 25 um across. Unfortunately, isolated fragments of parenchyma cannot be identified to species or even family solely on the anatomical grounds of parenchyma cells. Detailed identification requires the presence of vascular tissue associated with parenchymatous tissue. A different area of the same residue contained fragments of possible fish bone remains embedded in the residue matrix (example shown in Fig. 8.17). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_095.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703047/figure-113-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_113.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703066/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-animal-remains-using-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.8 Cluster interpretation of Animal Remains using the Gi* statistic at multiple scales. Global statistics " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_115.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702890/table-8-occurs-at-relatively-high-temperature-indicating"><img alt="occurs at a relatively high temperature, indicating a complex inhomogeneous polymeric fraction that is highly condensed (due to extensive thermal degradation). In desorption phase area A (scan 30-70), no significant increase or ‘bump’ is visible in the TIC intensity’, indicating a lack of significant amounts of volatile compounds in the residue. 8.3.2 Chemical results The results of the DTMS analyses are presented in mass spectra (Figs. 8.19 —- 8.29) and summarized in Table 8.3. Only four of the residues from Keinsmerbrug presented a signal that was high enough to make a significant interpretation of the original material (Table 8.3). Three samples showed a medium-high signal indicating traces of organic compounds. All other residues from Keinsmerbrug presented such low signals that no significant interpretation could be made of the original material involved. Since the organic residues with the highest signals presented a relatively similar chemical profile, only two of the well-preserved samples are discussed in detail below to illustrate the findings. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_096.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702900/figure-8-this-image-shows-the-tic-of-residue-showing"><img alt="Fig. 8.19 This image shows the TIC of residue K1: showing a combined peak in the pyrolysis-phase (area B, scan 70- 85) and the High-temperature area (area C, scan 95-120) and a desorption-phase (area A, scan 30-70) which shows now obvious increase in intensity. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_097.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702913/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ki-the-desorption-phase-is"><img alt="Fig. 8.20 Mass spectra of residue Ki: The desorption-phase A is being characterised by the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acoids (red arrows), cholesterol (blue arrows) and sulphur-containing compounds (green arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_098.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702926/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ki-ceramic-fragment-uid-the"><img alt="Fig. 8.21 Mass spectra of residue Ki (ceramic fragment UID: 2783): The pyrolysis-phase B (scan 70-85) shows indicators for charred polysaccharides (pink arrows), saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids (red arrows), and cholesterol (blue arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_099.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702928/figure-8-mass-spectrum-of-residue-ki-ceramic-fragment-uid"><img alt="Fig. 8.22 Mass spectrum of residue Ki (ceramic fragment UID: 2783): High-temperature phase C (scan 95-120) shows indicators for a polysaccharide-char (violet arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_100.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702936/figure-8-sacre-ciaatieeetaeaiaeleiet-incineration"><img alt="Sacre ciaatieeetaeaiaeleiet incineration) = ‘inerineiemiealindiielay ibd The mass spectrum (Fig. 8.24) of desorption area A (scan 35-60) shows mass peaks indicative of various different classes of chemical compounds. Small amounts (intensity peaks of 5-10%) of saturated free fatty acids (red arrows) are visible in the mass spectrum. Free fatty acids are recognisable as m/z 256 and 284 for C16:0 and 18:0. The indications of the presence of intact di- or triacylglycerols (m/z 551, 579, 607) are so low in intensity that they can be disregarded. A small amount of cholesterol (intensity peak of 2-3%) can be detected (m/z 368, 386). Peaks originating from sulphur- " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_101.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702943/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ceramic-fragment-uid-the"><img alt="Fig. 8.24 Mass spectra of residue K13 (ceramic fragment UID: 2795): The desorption-phase A is characterised by the presence of saturated fatty acids and a trace of diacylglycerols (red arrows), cholesterol (blue arrows) and sulphur- containing compounds (green arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_102.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702952/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ceramic-fragment-uid-the"><img alt="Fig. 8.25 Mass spectra of residue K13 (ceramic fragment UID: 2795): The pyrolysis-phase B (scan 75-88) shows indicators for charred polysaccharides (violet arrows), saturated free fatty acids (red arrows), and cholesterol (blue arrow). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_103.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702961/figure-8-this-image-shows-the-tic-of-residue-ceramic"><img alt="Fig. 8.26 This image shows the TIC of residue K16 (ceramic fragment UID: 2798): showing one major peak in the pyrolysis-phase (area C, scan 70-90) and two other areas of interest: the desorption-phase (area A, scan 30-60) and the early pyrolysis-phase (area B, scan 60-70). Charred polysaccharides are also shown (Fig. 8.29) as additional series of peaks (violet arrows) belonging to alkylated benzenes (m/z 92, 106, 120, 134), alkylated benzofurans (m/z 132, 146, 160, 174) and alkylated phenols (m/z 108, 122) typical of a polysaccharide matrix heated to 250-310 °C.157 In residue K16 these compounds are similar to those in residue K13. But in comparison to residue K13, this residue shows little or no shoulder in the high temperature region (scans 90-120), indicating an absence of severely condensed material. In summary, residue K13 shows a combination of partially unsaturated lipids (including some cholesterol) and mildly heated polysaccharides. The mass spectrum (Fig. 8.27) of desorption area A (scan 30-60) shows mass peaks indicative of various different classes of chemical compound. Lipids (red arrows) are visible in the mass spectrum in the form of molecular ions and fragment ions of free fatty acids as well as intact acylglycerides. Saturated free fatty acids are recognisable as m/z 256 and 284 for C16:0 and C18:o0. The presence of intact acylglycerols is indicated by small peaks for diacylglycerols (m/z " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_104.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702969/figure-8-mass-spectrum-of-residue-ceramic-fragment-uid-the"><img alt="Fig. 8.28 Mass spectrum of residue K16 (ceramic fragment UID: 2798): The early pyrolysis-phase B (scan 60-70) shows free fatty acids (red arrows) and indicators for mildly heated polysaccharides (pink arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_105.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702977/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ki-ceramic-fragment-uid-the"><img alt="Fig. 8.27 Mass spectra of residue Ki6 (ceramic fragment UID: 2798): The desorption-phase A is characterised by the presence of lipids (red arrows) and the organic solvent ethanol (green arrow). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_106.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702983/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ki-ceramic-fragment-uid"><img alt="Fig. 8.29 Mass spectra of residue Ki6 (ceramic fragment UID: 2798): pyrolysis phase C (scan 70-90) shows indicators for a polysaccharide-char (violet arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_107.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3702989/table-9-among-the-mammal-bones-those-of-livestock-are-by-far"><img alt="Among the mammal bones, those of livestock are by far the most numerous (Table 9.2). Cattle (Bos taurus) exceed pig (Sus domesticus) and sheep/ goat (Ovis aries/Capra hircus) both in number and in weight. The numerous cattle footprints that were seen during the excavation (Fig. 9.1) might be connected with the settlement, but this is not certain.’7! There is no detailed information on the layers or on the level at which they were Fig. 9.1 Cattle footprints as exposed in the excavation of Keinsmerbrug. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_108.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703018/figure-9-distribution-of-total-length-of-flounder"><img alt="Fig. 9.3 Distribution of total length of flounder (Pleuronectes flesus) based on the greatest width of the posterior articulation surface of vertebra I (in mm). Measurements in mm: 2.9; 3.2} 3.3(2X); 3.45 3-5(2X); 3.6(4X); 3-7; 3-8(2x); 3.9(3x); 4-0(2x) 4.1(2x); 4.2(2x); 4-3(3X); 4-4(4x); 4.5(2x); 4.6(3x); 4.7(2x); 4.8(3x); 4.9; 5-0(2X) 5.3(2X); 5-4; 5.5; 5-7; 5-9; 6.3. n=50; X mean.=4.3 S=0.739; Sm=0.105;var.br.= 2.9-6.3. Comparison of the size of a damaged praemaxillare of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) from the 2 mm sieve residue with individuals of known total length demonstrates that it belonged to an individual with a total length of approx. 38 cm. From the calculated and estimated lengths of the fishes caught it appears that the inhabitants of Keinsmerbrug knew fishing techniques that enabled them to catch both very small fish (stickleback, herring) and large fish (cod, bass and large mullets). In the 2 mm sieve residue (material B) a first vertebra of twaite shad (Alosa fallax) was found. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_109.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703055/figure-10-animal-remains-collection-bias-trends-statistics"><img alt="Figure 10.7 Animal remains collection bias. Trends G;* statistics demonstrate a single cluster which possibly fragments at smaller scales (Fig. 10.8). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_114.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703081/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-animal-remains-using-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.9 Cluster interpretation of Animal Remains using the [i statistic at multiple scales. weight clustering together. The local | statistic suggests clustering in the northern area dividing into four sub-components (Fig. 10.9). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_116.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703092/figure-117-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_117.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703110/figure-118-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_118.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703122/figure-119-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_119.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703133/figure-120-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_120.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703148/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-flint-using-the-gi"><img alt="Figure 10.19 Cluster interpretation of Flint using the Gi* statistic at multiple scales. Local statistics " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_121.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703170/figure-10-distribution-of-the-burnt-and-unburnt-flint-waste"><img alt="Figure 10.21 Distribution of the burnt and unburnt flint waste, values less than 1 are due to the possibility of multiple locations for a single piece of flint. The waste flint was thought to be the most suitable to test this hypothesis, as it should be less susceptible to anthropogenic factors. The majority would be the result of flint knapping, " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_122.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703174/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-flint-using-the"><img alt="Figure 10.20 Cluster interpretation of Flint using the I statistic at multiple scales. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_123.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703190/figure-10-location-of-the-flint-with-signs-of-use-wear-and"><img alt="Figure 10.22 Location of the flint with signs of use-wear and interpretation from the lithic specialist. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_124.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703200/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-animal-remains-using-the"><img alt="Figure 10.23 Cluster interpretation of Animal Remains using the Gi* statistic at multiple scales. Figure 10.24 Cluster interpretation of Animal Remains using the Ii statistic at multiple scales. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_125.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703215/figure-126-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_126.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703224/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-pottery-sherds-using-the"><img alt="Figure 10.27 Cluster interpretation of Pottery sherds using the Ii statistic at multiple scales. Figure 10.26 Cluster interpretation of Pottery sherds using the Gi* statistic at multiple scales. Oo INES SR AES NEES RR ARSEGS SRSA "Pottery sherds are difficult to interpret as many sherds can represent one vessel and therefore cluster. Equally, a vessel can smash and scatter. It is possible to assess the clustering of sherds or fabric types. However, this will not aid in the identification of individual vessels. Many vessels can be produced in the same way but have different designs applied to them. With this in mind interpretation might suggest the locations of three vessels.228 When compared to the distribution of ceramic tempering types, this is even more suggestive of three separate vessels, especially given the fact that all the significant clusters contain a grog and sand tempering. It is likely that a fourth grog tempered vessel is present, in view of the quantity of similar sherds in close proximity. Figure 10.25 A normalised pie chart plot sized by weight of sherds and categorised by tempering as identified by the ceramics specialist. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_127.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703232/figure-128-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_128.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703242/figure-129-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_129.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703250/figure-10-botanical-interpretation-of-samples-in-spatial"><img alt="Fig. 10.28 Botanical interpretation of samples in < spatial context. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_130.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703256/figure-10-distribution-of-processed-plant-remains-the"><img alt="Figure 10.30 Distribution of processed plant remains. The majority of the chaff from the samples is located in the north of the site, spreading fror the cultural layer beyond into the wider landscape. The grain remains, which are predominantly barley, appear to the north but also around the hearths (Fig. 10.29). Three samples just north of the small charcoal areas also contain barley, which also appears in other locations. This possible association of barley to charcoal is interesting, and will become significant later in this chapter. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_131.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703264/figure-132-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_132.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703277/figure-133-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_133.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703287/figure-10-all-of-the-interpreted-structural-posts-before-and"><img alt="Fig. 10.34 All of the interpreted structural posts before and after interpretation. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_134.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703291/figure-135-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_135.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703298/figure-10-an-interpretive-outline-of-the-possible-limits-and"><img alt="Fig. 10.36 An interpretive outline of the possible limits and features of the Central Structure. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_136.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703311/figure-10-an-interpretive-outline-of-the-possible-limits-and"><img alt="Fig. 10.37 An interpretive outline of the possible limits and features of the Northern Structures. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_137.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703317/figure-138-wall-but-at-the-corner-where-there-was-highly"><img alt="wall, but at the corner, where there was a highly speculative entrance to the former structure. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_138.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703332/figure-10-this-structure-is-formed-by-posts-reusing-the"><img alt="This structure is formed by 32 posts, reusing the central post line (8) of the former structure, with the remainder forming the external wall (15). The diameters of the central post line are the same as in the previous structure. However the external posts are larger, all but one at least near the 0.1m mark, with the majority between 0.1m and 0.2m in diameter, as with the central posts. Three posts are larger, with measurements between the 0.2m and 0.3m threshold. The box plot below illustrates this similarity (Fig. 10.q0-10.q2). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_139.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703338/figure-10-the-location-of-drawn-sections-for-the-central"><img alt="Fig. 10.42 The location of drawn sections for the Central Structure. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_140.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703344/figure-141-in-the-area-of-the-northern-structure-there"><img alt="In the area of the northern structure there appears to be a central line formed by double sets of postholes; these two lines are not paralle! but deviate by 10 degrees so that at the western end they are separated by a distance of 1.9m. The external wall also has duplication in differing orientations, one set aligned to one of the central posthole lines and the other aligned to the remaining central line. On this basis they could represent two separate structures, proposed here as northern structure 1 and northern structure 2. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_141.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703349/figure-10-the-location-of-drawn-sections-for-northern"><img alt="Fig. 10.47 The location of drawn sections for Northern Structure 1. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_142.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703359/figure-10-the-posthole-diameters-do-not-display-clear"><img alt="The posthole diameters do not display a clear division between the central and external posts, although the majority of the external posts are below the 0.2m threshold (Fig. 10.48 and 10.49). One posthole is above the 0.7m threshold. This is a very irregularly shaped posthole and it could conceivably have held a post which collapsed, disturbing the area around it, or it could be a tree throw. This outlier can therefore be disregarded. All of the central posts are between 0.2m and 0.4m in diameter (Fig. 10.50). Only three of them are above the 0.3m threshold. These form the main part of the structure. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_143.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703370/figure-144-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_144.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703377/figure-10-comparison-of-the-number-of-post-holes-and-post"><img alt="Figure 10.51 A comparison of the number of post holes and post hole depths (in cm) between all 5 structures fo1 the wall post hole. Fig. 10.52 A comparison of the number of post holes and post hole depths (in cm) between all 5 structures for the central post hole lines. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_145.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703404/figure-10-the-dendrogram-of-sherds-from-vessel-and-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.57 The dendrogram of sherds from vessel 3 and the distribution of sherds by quantity for vessel 3 (values les: than 1 are the result of multiple locations of a sherd). HCA can display levels of clustering at different scales. It first assumes every single " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_148.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703411/figure-10-the-dendrogram-of-sherds-from-vessel-and-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.59 The dendrogram of sherds from vessel 5 and the distribution of sherds by quantity for vessel 5. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_149.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703421/figure-10-the-dendrogram-of-sherds-from-vessel-and-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.58 The dendrogram of sherds from vessel 12 and the distribution of sherds by quantity for vessel 12 (values less than 1 are the result of multiple locations of a sherd). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_150.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703436/figure-10-the-dendrogram-of-sherds-from-vessel-and-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.60 The dendrogram of sherds from vessel 1 and the distribution of sherds by quantity for vessel 1. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_151.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703461/figure-10-flint-flake-densities"><img alt="Fig. 10.64 Flint flake densities. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_152.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703471/figure-153-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_153.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703483/figure-154-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_154.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703494/figure-10-activity-areas-based-upon-the-artefact-densities"><img alt="Fig. 10.66 Activity areas based upon the artefact densities, ecofact densities and the botanical evidence. Fig. 10.65 Flint waste densities. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_155.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703507/figure-10-the-location-of-pits-and-sections-note-the"><img alt="Figure 10.67 The location of pits and sections, note the orientation of the sections are not known " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_156.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703515/figure-10-structural-forms-of-lbk-long-houses-from-carter"><img alt="Figure 10.68 Structural forms of LBK Long Houses from Carter (2009) used with permission. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_157.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703527/figure-10-possible-roof-terminations-for-the-southern"><img alt="Figure 10.69 Possible roof terminations for the Southern Structures. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_158.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703544/figure-10-southern-structure-interpretation-of-post-hole"><img alt="Fig. 10.70 Southern Structure 1 (Interpretation of post hole locations illustrated by the closed roof). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_159.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703564/figure-10-southern-structure-interpretation-of-post-hole"><img alt="Fig. 10.71 Southern Structure 2 (Interpretation of post hole locations illustrated by the closed roof). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_160.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703575/figure-10-central-structure-with-continuous-roof-only-two"><img alt="Figure 10.72 Central Structure with a continuous roof. Only two house structures have been identified during excavation in the Noord- Holland area, especially within the palaeo river basin. The discovery of five new structures therefore adds vastly to our knowledge of the archaeology of the area at that time. Now we have seven structures to compare at Keinsmerbrug, Zeewijk and Mienakker, can any typologies be inferred? Each structure has its subtleties, but two or three general observations can be made (Table 10.13). The walls of all the structures include some of the following elements: parallel sides, rectangular, ovoid, trapezoidal, rounded corners, sharp corners, regular post spacing, sparse post spacing, relatively large and small posts. The central post lines are a single line central to the structure, the only deviation from this rule being the northern " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_161.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703579/figure-162-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_162.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703584/figure-10-population-estimate-based-on-the-area-of-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.76 Population estimate based on the area of the interpreted sleeping areas of the structures (Southern and Central Structures are based on the Northern Structures percentage area). Fig. 10.75 Estimated supported population if the entire house floors are used (Southern structures use predicted floor areas). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_163.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703593/figure-164-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_164.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703600/figure-10-house-plans-structures-keinsmerbrug-top-left-kmb"><img alt="Fig. 10.77 House plans/structures Keinsmerbrug: top left kmb N2 (SGC); top right kmb Ni (SGC); central kmb C (SGC); bottom left kmb S1 (SGC); bottom right kmb Sz (SGC). Presented to a relative orientation and scale. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_165.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703607/figure-166-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_166.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703613/figure-167-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_167.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703623/figure-11-position-of-keinsmerbrug-red-dot-in-relation-to"><img alt="Fig. 11.1 Position of Keinsmerbrug (red dot) in relation to the ecological zones in the former landscape (adapted from Vos & Kiden 2005). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_168.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703626/figure-11-discerned-structures-phases-and-activity-areas"><img alt="Fig 11.2: Discerned structures, phases and activity areas. Because the southern structures have only been partially identified and no clear activity areas could be assigned to them, they are regarded as less convincing (partial house plans). The interpretation of these two structures is not therefore associated with any further functional connotation, and they are referred to as ‘southern structure 1’ (Kmb $1) and ‘southern structure 2’ (Kmb S2). The reason for the fact that the southern structures could be only partly identified is related to taphonomic processes. These structures are likely to represent an earlier use of the settlement. Later occupation at the site has obscured older traces. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_169.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703634/figure-170-these-terms-can-cause-confusion-therefore-two"><img alt="These terms can cause confusion therefore Two further statistics are the skewness and kurtosis; these are measures of shape of the graphed data. For the former if the graph is unimodal or normally distributed around its mean then the value will be 0, if it is skewed to the right it will be positive or negative if skewed to the left. The kurtosis is an indicator of the peak of the graph, the higher the value the more pointed the graph will be. A fuller explanation can be found in many statistical books. 2ss " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_170.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703644/figure-171-this-distance-is-chosen-because-the-underlying"><img alt="This distance is chosen because the underlying data is collected at metre square intervals. However this technique can be used at multiple scales to see the local and not so local clusters. For a 3x3 grid a distance of 1.75m is used, this includes all of the required points. This also is possible for a 5x5 square with a distance of 2.9m. Unfortunately this method does not extend beyond a distance of a 2 cell radius and one is left with a Rook’s case scenario. Upon the near completion of this chapter and following the conclusion of the analysis a method for creating a spatial weight matrix with the conceptual spatial relationship of polygon contiguity was discovered. This is where a polygon which shares an edge or a node (boundary or corner) can be neighbours. Further " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_171.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703653/figure-172-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_172.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703661/figure-173-count-max-min-std-inter-skew-kurt-means-count-of"><img alt="‘Count’ ‘Max’ ‘Min’ ‘Std’ ‘Inter’ ‘Skew’ ‘Kurt’ means count of squares means maximum means minimum means standard deviation means interquartile range means skewness means kurtosis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_173.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703671/figure-174-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_174.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703677/figure-175-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_175.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703687/figure-176-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_176.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703695/figure-177-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_177.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703700/figure-178-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_178.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703712/figure-179-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_179.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703721/figure-180-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_180.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703731/figure-181-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_181.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703737/figure-182-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_182.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703745/figure-183-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_183.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703754/figure-184-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_184.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703762/figure-185-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/figure_185.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703775/table-1-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703786/table-2-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703795/table-3-administrative-information-it-was-decided-to-divide"><img alt="1.6 Administrative information It was decided to divide the monograph into eleven chapters. The first two chapters introduce the Single Grave Project and the site at Keinsmerbrug. The features are presented in chapter 3. In chapters q and 5 two material categories are dealt with: the ceramics and flint, amber and stone artefacts. The results of the botanical analysis are presented in chapters 6 and 7, and the organic residues are discussed in chapter 8. The faunal remains, of mammals, birds and fish, are discussed in chapter 9. The spatial information will be presented and evaluated in chapter 10. Chapters 3-10 thus present the reports of the specialist analyses, each based on its own research questions. Chapter 11, the final chapter, brings together the conclusions from the different studies, to discuss and synthesise the archaeological data from the site at Keinsmerbrug. This chapter is based on the input from the specialists and must be seen as a joint interpretation of the site by the project team. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703812/table-2-results-of-dated-samples"><img alt="Table 2.1 Results of '*C-dated samples. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703825/table-3-although-this-changed-to-in-the-southern-area"><img alt="* Although this changed to m? in the southern area ** Although data unavailable *** Only partially Table 3.1: Methodological summary " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703832/figure-3-the-reconstructed-site-grid-with-duplicate"><img alt="Figure 3.2 The reconstructed site grid with duplicate numbering included. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703841/table-7-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703856/table-4-technological-characteristics-size-and-amount-of"><img alt="Table 4.1: Technological characteristics. Table 4.2: Size and amount of grog particles. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703864/table-9-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703879/table-10-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703892/table-11-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703897/table-12-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703911/table-13-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703918/table-14-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703929/table-4-relation-between-the-size-and-amount-of-grog-and"><img alt="Table 4.10: Relation between the size and amount of grog and granite, red tempered sherds " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703934/table-4-relation-between-the-size-and-amount-of-grog-and"><img alt="Table 4.9: Relation between the size and amount of grog and plant tempered sherds " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703943/table-4-relation-between-the-size-and-amount-of-grog-and"><img alt="Table 4.11: Relation between the size and amount of grog and quartz tempered sherds Thickness The thickness of the sherds is bimodal (Fig. 4.1). The first peak of the graph is at 6 to 6.5 mm, and the value 7 to 7.5 mm also occurs frequently. After a dip at 8 to 8.5 mma second, but smaller, peak is found at 9 to 9.5 mm. The graph presented was compiled for measurements of single sherds. Vessels show variation in their thickness however; for example, the neck may be thinner than the wall. To further study the thickness, another graph was produced for the wall sherds only. The graph based on the wall thicknesses also shows a bimodal division (Fig. q.2).The different vessels do show variation in their thicknesses; the wall may be thinner than the rim, or vice versa. We can however conclude on the basis of the study of thicknesses that there are two classes of ware. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703951/table-5-flint-primary-classification-versus-flint-variety"><img alt="Table 5.1: Flint primary classification versus flint variety (%). Table 5.2: Flint primary classification versus flint variety (N). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703958/table-19-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703964/table-5-raw-material-frequencies"><img alt="Table 5.3: Raw material frequencies. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703971/table-21-rolled-pebbles-were-also-exploited-at-keinsmerbrug"><img alt="Rolled pebbles were also exploited at Keinsmerbrug. Two complete pebbles and two tested pebbles have been recovered at the site. However, only one of these small pebbles shows clear traces of flake production. The other tested pebble is so altered by a very hard patina that it was not possible to recognise any kind of production parameters. The complete pebbles also have small dimensions (between 50 and 55 mm). Pebbles were probably also carried to the site and worked locally. marine transgressions in the Baltic area. And finally, some of the amber may also derive from lignite deposits dating from the Pliocene in the northern Netherlands and Germany.® As in the case of flint and stone, amber could have been collected in nearby coastal areas of Noord- Holland province. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703980/table-5-raw-material-versus-artefact-type-asmall-number-of"><img alt="Table 5.5: Raw material versus artefact type. Asmall number of retouched tools were found at Keinsmerbrug. Only five implements show retouch. The retouched tools include one end scraper (1465), three retouched flakes (1485, 1471 and 1721) and one retouched blade (1856). Furthermore, one borer produced from a blade was recovered at Keinsmerbrug (1671). The borer is highly altered by contact with fire, so it is not possible to distinguish the retouch. However, " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703991/table-5-the-relationship-between-form-and-function-artifact"><img alt="Table 5.6: The relationship between form and function: artifact type versus motion. of contact with bone. On the proximal left edge of the blade (coordinate 03), on the dorsal face, small and continuous retouches can be observed along the entire surface of the edge. Around these retouches is a very well developed hardwood polish. However, on the ventral face an isolated polish line parallel to the edge has been recorded. This fact suggests that the working edge of the tool was mostly high, with the dorsal face receiving most of the contact with the worked resource. The apparent transversal directionality seen on the tool further suggests that this tool was used for scraping wood. On the other hand, the left medial edge of the blade (coordinate 04) shows a wood polish with longitudinal motion. Also, on the dorsal face Small geometrical edge damage surrounded by wood polish can also be seen on the dorsal face. This use-wear is indicative of sawing hardwood. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3703997/table-7-keinsmerbrug-results-pollen-analysis"><img alt="Table 7.1 Keinsmerbrug, results pollen analysis. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704006/table-25-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704016/table-8-overview-of-sampled-residues-from-keinsmerbrug-with"><img alt="Table 8.1: Overview of sampled residues from Keinsmerbrug, with description and location of the residues on the vessel. New vessel numbers are based on vessel individuals as determined by Beckerman (Chapter 4). material) firmly attached to ceramic sherds can visually resemble residues. However, such remains are chemically clearly recognisable as secondary contamination. Since no indications of post-depositional contamination were seen, the residues were interpreted as the remains of one of the final use-phases of the ceramic vessels. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704034/table-8-overview-of-botanical-results-from-keinsmerbrug"><img alt="Table 8.2: Overview of botanical results from Keinsmerbrug epidermis, remains of vegetative tissue, starch granules, elements of vascular tissue) that occasionally survive the process of food preparation and cooking. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704046/table-28-markers-for-heated-polysaccharides-can-still-be"><img alt="markers for heated polysaccharides (250 — 310 °C)153 can still be seen (violet arrows) as alkylated benzenes (m/z 92, 106, 120, 134), alkylated benzofurans (m/z 132, 146, 160, 174) and alkylated phenols (m/z 108, 122). Highly condensed aromatic structures indicative of severely thermally degraded polysaccharides (heated to over 300 °C for more than two hours), can be seen as an envelop of masses (even higher than odd masses) above mass m/z 200.154 Coad ase coneasouiesi cee ce cts aes eecseetwecenn ltntcen- asain Tot. Int.: Total intensity of the TIC signal during the analysis; Saturated Fatty Acids; Unsaturated Fatty Acids; diacylglycerols triacylglycerols; proteins and peptides; indicators for charred proteins; Polysaccharide markers; markers for condensed polysaccharides; Contamination such as: S for Sulphur containing compounds and K for Potassium. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704060/table-29-the-botanical-and-chemical-uniformity-of-the"><img alt="The botanical and chemical uniformity of the residues also implies that no differences in vessel use can be identified between different kinds of ceramics. Although vessel characteristics such as wall thickness, vessel form, tempering material and decoration were recorded, 1 similar residues were found in vessels of different types. We must therefore conclude that the cooking and heating of emmer porridge with fat has not been proven to bea specialised function of one kind of ceramic. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704073/table-9-number-nr-and-weight-bw-in-of-remains-of-mammals"><img alt="Table 9.1: Number (NR) and weight (BW, in g) of remains of mammals, birds, fish, molluscs, amphibians and reptiles (the remains in the samples were not weighed). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704085/table-9-mammal-remains-excl-small-rodents-nr-number-of"><img alt="Table 9.2: Mammal remains (excl. small rodents). NR = number of remains; BW = weight in g. found, which means that they could be either Neolithic or more recent. bones (fore and hind) and a loose tooth. In general, the remains of livestock can be regarded as a mixture of consumption and slaughtering waste. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704091/table-9-age-class-determinations-of-cattle-sheep-goat-and"><img alt="Table 9.3: Age class determinations of cattle, sheep/goat and pig, based on the stages of fusion in postcranial bones. Wild mammals (microfauna not included) are scarce and comprise fur animals and sea mammals: wolf (Canis lupus), marten (Martes sp.), polecat (Putorius putorius), common seal (Phoca vitulina) and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). All are represented by only one or two remains. As for wolf, this is a canine, which was attributed to the species on the basis of its size. In principle, it could come from a large dog, although that is not very likely in view of the moderate size of Neolithic dogs mentioned above. Wild ungulates, such as red deer and roe deer, are absent from the faunal spectrum, which Is not surprising given their scarcity at Late Neolithic sites, especially in this region.17* Some of the pig bones, however, could come from wild boar (Sus scrofa), but as no measurements are available this remains uncertain. younger than seven months. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704098/figure-9-that-they-come-from-one-individual-at-least-two"><img alt="that they come from one individual: at least two phalanges (a phalanx | and a phalanx II) do match. Fig. 9.2 Tarsometatarsus of the white-tailed eagle. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704111/table-34-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704119/table-9-duck-remains-from-samples-proportions-of-wing-and"><img alt="Table 9.7: Duck remains from samples: proportions of wing and leg bones (numbers) versus species. The predominance of wing bones over leg bones at Keinsmerbrug is so strong that it must surely reflect human selection rather than survival. The presence of body bones rules out the possibility that only the wings were brought back to the site for the feathers. Estonia, femora are clearly underrepresented among the numerous duck remains, while wing bones prevail. The context of both sites is clearly human. It seems that the pattern is valid for the Baltic Sea shore.'79 The case of Keinsmerbrug shows that it is not restricted to that area. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704128/table-9-duck-remains-from-samples-skeletal-elements-of-body"><img alt="Table 9.6: Duck remains from samples: skeletal elements of body parts (numbers) versus species. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704140/table-9-fish-remains-from-and-mm-sieve-residues-material-nr"><img alt="Table 9.8: Fish remains from 2 and 4 mm sieve residues (material A). NR = number of remains. are 72.9%, 90.9% and 96.9% in the 2mm, 1mm and 0.5 mm sieve residues respectively. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704146/table-9-fish-remains-from-and-mm-sieve-residues-material-nr"><img alt="Table 9.9: Fish remains from 2, 1 and 0,5 mm sieve residues (material B). NR = number of remains. possible to tell how many individuals they represent. Two fragments, one of a pectoral spine and a supracleithrale, indicate an MNI (minimum number of individuals) of one. to know the sizes of the most important fish species. The total lengths of one or more specimens of the most important species were therefore calculated or estimated on the basis of the dimensions of certain skeletal elements of recent specimens of a known total length. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704155/table-9-the-fish-data-from-keinsmerbrug-can-also-be-compared"><img alt="The fish data from Keinsmerbrug can also be compared to those of the Early Bronze Age site of Schagen Hoep Noord.’ The entire habitation layer of this site was sieved (1mm mesh width). Apart from other faunal remains, almost 6500 fish remains were recovered from the residues. Of these, almost 1400 could be identified to species, genus or family level. At least 19 species (freshwater as well as migrating and marine) were found. The species spectrum points to fishing in an estuarine environment. At Schagen Hoep Noord Pleuronectes sp. (including flounder) accounts for the largest proportion, at 85% of the identified remains, a percentage While most of the bird and mammal remains represent consumption and slaughtering waste, there are species whose remains ended up at the site without human intervention, or secondarily via owl pellets (Table 9.10 and 9.11). These are small rodents and insectivores, amphibians and reptiles. They represent the site’s background fauna, indicators of the local environmental conditions. According to Kuijper (2001), molluscs can also be regarded as such (see below). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704170/table-40-according-to-kuijper-the-presence-of-doublets"><img alt="According to Kuijper, the presence of doublets indicates that the molluscs come from natural deposits molluscs, and hence — contrary to what has been found at other Late Neolithic sites in the region (e.g. Mienakker) — must not be regarded as consumption waste. 19 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704182/figure-9-seasonal-presence-of-bird-mammal-and-fish-species"><img alt="Fig. 9.4 Seasonal presence of bird, mammal and fish species at Keinsmerbrug (adapted from Zeiler 2006a, 2006b; Brinkhuizen 2006). Dark blue = largest numbers; green = largest numbers/easiest to catch. The strong preponderance of wing elements, representing consumption waste, show that the lower parts of the legs were cut off before the conservation process or in preparing the birds for consumption, and discarded outside the settlement (or given to the dogs). The leftovers of the meal, however, were discarded within the site, as is clear from the high percentage of burning on the bones. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704197/table-10-the-archive-of-keinsmerbrug"><img alt="Table 10.1 The archive of Keinsmerbrug. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704206/table-10-unique-identification-numbers"><img alt="Table 10.2 Unique identification numbers. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704214/table-10-animal-bone-class-summary-from-all-contexts-animal"><img alt="Table 10.4 Animal bone class summary from all contexts. Table 10.3 Animal remains classes. The dataset was relatively high-quality. With the exception of one sturgeon plate every bone came from a specific square or feature. This bone was omitted from any analysis. The animal bone remains were described by weight per location. The weights of animal bone from botanical samples were given an average weight by the bone specialist,219 as described below. All of the fish bones came from botanical samples. An average weight per bone per species was derived from the total weight. Table 10.3 identifies the average weight for each class type. Since they were from botanical samples the General " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704221/table-45-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704230/table-46-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704241/table-10-flint-type-summary-from-all-contexts"><img alt="Table 10.6 Flint type summary from all contexts. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704255/table-10-generalisation-of-the-data-flint-trends"><img alt="Table 10.7 Generalisation of the data (flint). Trends " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704268/table-10-generalisation-of-the-data-pottery"><img alt="Table 10.8 Generalisation of the data (pottery). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704282/table-10-finds-from-features-processed-plant-material-is"><img alt="Table 10.9 Finds from features. Processed plant material is also found in samples within the cultural layer, except for on one occasion to the east. It appears visually to be dispersed throughout the samples, albeit more to the south and east (Fig. 10.30). Again, there is a lack of samples in the west.227 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704292/table-10-generalised-comparisons-incomplete-structures"><img alt="Table 10.10 Generalised comparisons (*incomplete structures-partial measurements). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704309/table-10-results-of-residue-analyses"><img alt="Table 10.11 Results of residue analyses. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704317/table-10-comparison-of-structural-forms-between-neolithic"><img alt="Table 10.13 Comparison of structural forms between Neolithic structures from Noord-Holland (* Mienakker and Zeewijk are subject to reinvestigation later in this report series). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704326/table-54-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704337/table-55-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704344/table-56-characteristics-of-the-vessels-and-decorated-wall"><img alt="Characteristics of the vessels and decorated wall sherds " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704354/table-57-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704370/table-58-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704399/table-59-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704417/table-60-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704475/table-61-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704484/table-62-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704493/table-63-computer-hardware-software"><img alt="Computer hardware Software " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704502/table-64-licensing-requirements-are-required-in-arcgis-than"><img alt="licensing requirements are required in ArcGIS 9.3.1 than were available at the time of analysis. Although this still requires further investigation beyond the limits of this report. It is hoped that a Rook’s Case will not alter the end result drastically but it requires further investigation. Analysis was stopped at the 7m radius as it was assumed that this would be sufficient for the local and not so local patterns due to the size of the overall study area. Initially distances of up to 16m were assessed using the animal bone data to validate this choice. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704506/table-65-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704510/table-66-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704522/table-67-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704532/table-68-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704543/table-69-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704550/table-70-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704556/table-71-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704574/table-72-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704593/table-73-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704604/table-74-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704610/table-75-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704616/table-76-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3704624/table-77-smit-brinkkemper-kleijne-lauwerier-theunissen-eds"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/30396148/table_077.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-2358143-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="524e58708cd14884f6cd71016c1eb989" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30396148,"asset_id":2358143,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30396148/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2358143"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2358143"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2358143; 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Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier \u0026 E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research within the framework of the Odyssey project ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The limited scale of the excavation made Keinsmerbrug an excellent choice, serving as a test case for the approach within the project Single Grave Project. In order to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data, a group of specialists worked together. In\r\nthis volume the new results and interpretations are presented. The analyses show that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only\r\nseasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. The site\r\nof Keinsmerbrug is interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site).\r\nThis scientific report is intended for archaeologists, as well as for other professionals and amateur enthusiasts involved in archaeology.\r\nThe Cultural Heritage Agency provides knowledge and advice to give the future a past.","publisher":"Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":11,"year":2012,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research within the framework of the Odyssey project ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The limited scale of the excavation made Keinsmerbrug an excellent choice, serving as a test case for the approach within the project Single Grave Project. In order to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data, a group of specialists worked together. In\r\nthis volume the new results and interpretations are presented. The analyses show that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only\r\nseasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. The site\r\nof Keinsmerbrug is interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site).\r\nThis scientific report is intended for archaeologists, as well as for other professionals and amateur enthusiasts involved in archaeology.\r\nThe Cultural Heritage Agency provides knowledge and advice to give the future a past.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2358143/B_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_and_E_M_Theunissen_eds_2012_A_Kaleidoscope_of_Gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-01-03T19:21:55.316-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":61854,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[{"id":4653656,"work_id":2358143,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":242559865,"co_author_invite_id":743228,"email":"k***k@biax.nl","display_order":0,"name":"Lucy Kubiak-martens","title":"B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier \u0026 E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape."},{"id":4653657,"work_id":2358143,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":3445833,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"o***r@cultureelerfgoed.nl","affiliation":"Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands","display_order":4194304,"name":"Otto Brinkkemper","title":"B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier \u0026 E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape."},{"id":4653658,"work_id":2358143,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":2129288,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***s@rug.nl","affiliation":"University of Groningen","display_order":6291456,"name":"Daan Raemaekers","title":"B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. 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Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape."},{"id":4990525,"work_id":2358143,"tagging_user_id":3445833,"tagged_user_id":324649,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"s***n@sp.nl","affiliation":"University of Groningen","display_order":8355840,"name":"Sandra Beckerman","title":"B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier \u0026 E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape."},{"id":4990526,"work_id":2358143,"tagging_user_id":3445833,"tagged_user_id":1014628,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***s@rug.nl","affiliation":"University of Groningen","display_order":8372224,"name":"Hans Peeters","title":"B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier \u0026 E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape."},{"id":4990527,"work_id":2358143,"tagging_user_id":3445833,"tagged_user_id":32131165,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***e@planet.nl","display_order":8380416,"name":"Jørn Zeiler","title":"B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier \u0026 E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape."},{"id":4990528,"work_id":2358143,"tagging_user_id":3445833,"tagged_user_id":2022154,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***n@cultureelerfgoed.nl","affiliation":"Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands","display_order":8384512,"name":"Liesbeth Theunissen","title":"B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier \u0026 E.M. 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Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape."},{"id":30766842,"work_id":2358143,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":307602,"email":"b***k@planet.nl","display_order":8388096,"name":"Dick Brinkhuizen","title":"B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier \u0026 E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape."},{"id":38764929,"work_id":2358143,"tagging_user_id":8049235,"tagged_user_id":16861048,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***s@aol.com","display_order":8388352,"name":"Lucy Kubiak-Martens","title":"B.I. Smit, O. Brinkkemper, J.P. Kleijne, R.C.G.M. Lauwerier \u0026 E.M. Theunissen (eds) (2012) A Kaleidoscope of Gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands) Late Neolithic Behavioural Variability in a Dynamic Landscape."}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30396148,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30396148/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"RCE_NAR_043_Keinsmerbrug_DEF_LR.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30396148/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"B_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30396148/RCE_NAR_043_Keinsmerbrug_DEF_LR.pdf?1738029003=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DB_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G.pdf\u0026Expires=1743604941\u0026Signature=BSKaboQWOr0L~aZ2-yAXWGovGVwx3vdKjcvF46o-NhVPvHgxMtYjxWwwHB9uF~I8hamjpgHyP5gbv5Uxwmaa4CpX2CfrvZpvtubUuCJBjAfB67GdLCPa1CFzE-Mb0V1aC5zST3TbY1CryfiHT6yW7KWi797BhC98v1ivaulxiaJhy3uVQrJhgQwtb0zgXqhGky-xf209mCiI6OV9yQ74eRN29KFe2BZ401XF87IDOLreDc15yFW8Du7A6OeeFm48vnUSpmk9yUvEGFgciiAFJ8a2y3tcy1Phn59e~Xds5kTsJbORctqEPnXTiZ6CnfRMY9Kvv5J18jnaZ0SV~-SzdQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"B_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G_M_Lauwerier_and_E_M_Theunissen_eds_2012_A_Kaleidoscope_of_Gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_Behavioural_Variability_in_a_Dynamic_Landscape","translated_slug":"","page_count":266,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The analysis of the Keinsmerbrug site, excavated in 1986, was the first step in our research within the framework of the Odyssey project ‘Unlocking Noord-Holland’s Late Neolithic Treasure Chest: Single Grave Culture behavioural variability in a tidal environment’. The limited scale of the excavation made Keinsmerbrug an excellent choice, serving as a test case for the approach within the project Single Grave Project. In order to unlock and integrate cultural/ecological information and research data, a group of specialists worked together. In\r\nthis volume the new results and interpretations are presented. The analyses show that Keinsmerbrug was a temporarily occupied settlement, used occasionally or perhaps even only\r\nseasonally within the time span of 2580-2450 cal BC. The main period of use – probably consisting of several episodes of short-term use – occurred from spring to autumn. The site\r\nof Keinsmerbrug is interpreted as a non-residential settlement: a gathering settlement in the broadest sense of the word, for the gathering of people and resources (special activity site).\r\nThis scientific report is intended for archaeologists, as well as for other professionals and amateur enthusiasts involved in archaeology.\r\nThe Cultural Heritage Agency provides knowledge and advice to give the future a past.","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":30396148,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30396148/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"RCE_NAR_043_Keinsmerbrug_DEF_LR.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30396148/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"B_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30396148/RCE_NAR_043_Keinsmerbrug_DEF_LR.pdf?1738029003=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DB_I_Smit_O_Brinkkemper_J_P_Kleijne_R_C_G.pdf\u0026Expires=1743604941\u0026Signature=BSKaboQWOr0L~aZ2-yAXWGovGVwx3vdKjcvF46o-NhVPvHgxMtYjxWwwHB9uF~I8hamjpgHyP5gbv5Uxwmaa4CpX2CfrvZpvtubUuCJBjAfB67GdLCPa1CFzE-Mb0V1aC5zST3TbY1CryfiHT6yW7KWi797BhC98v1ivaulxiaJhy3uVQrJhgQwtb0zgXqhGky-xf209mCiI6OV9yQ74eRN29KFe2BZ401XF87IDOLreDc15yFW8Du7A6OeeFm48vnUSpmk9yUvEGFgciiAFJ8a2y3tcy1Phn59e~Xds5kTsJbORctqEPnXTiZ6CnfRMY9Kvv5J18jnaZ0SV~-SzdQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":2109,"name":"Environmental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Archaeology"},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies"},{"id":2786,"name":"Ceramic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Technology"},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":17007,"name":"Prehistoric Settlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Settlement"},{"id":25605,"name":"Corded Ware Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corded_Ware_Culture"},{"id":35514,"name":"Single Grave Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Grave_Culture"},{"id":66908,"name":"Flint Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flint_Technology"},{"id":304678,"name":"Schnurkeramik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schnurkeramik"}],"urls":[{"id":440504,"url":"http://cultureelerfgoed.nl/sites/default/files/u4/RCE_NAR%20043%20Keinsmerbrug%20DEF%20LR.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2358143-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="24704495"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/24704495/A_kaleidoscope_of_gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_behavioural_variabiltity_in_a_dynamic_landscape_Nederlandse_Archeologische_Rapporten"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A kaleidoscope of gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands): Late Neolithic behavioural variabiltity in a dynamic landscape. Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45037511/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/24704495/A_kaleidoscope_of_gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_behavioural_variabiltity_in_a_dynamic_landscape_Nederlandse_Archeologische_Rapporten">A kaleidoscope of gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands): Late Neolithic behavioural variabiltity in a dynamic landscape. Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/RoelLauwerier">Roel Lauwerier</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/LiesbethTheunissen">Liesbeth Theunissen</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/OttoBrinkkemper">Otto Brinkkemper</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman">Sandra Beckerman</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://forestry.academia.edu/GaryNobles">Gary Nobles</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-24704495-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-24704495-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158320/figure-10-the-location-of-pits-and-sections-note-the"><img alt="Figure 10.67 The location of pits and sections, note the orientation of the sections are not known " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_159.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157835/figure-1-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157836/figure-1-location-of-the-research-area-red-square-the-aim-of"><img alt="Fig. 1.1: Location of the research area (red square). The aim of the Odyssey programme is the scientific disclosure of internationally important archaeological field research carried out between 1900 and 2000 that was not further investigated or published at the time. 32 projects will be carried out from 2009 to 2013: four long- term investigations (lasting four years) and 28 short-term studies (lasting one year).2 The outcome of these projects will help provide new narratives about the past for local residents and help define research questions for new research. dug at most of these sites. Some of the sites underwent large-scale excavation. This research demonstrated the excellent preservation of organic remains (including human burials), inorganic materials and settlement features. This quality, combined with the fact that the sites are located in similar palaeoenvironmental settings (a tidal zone), makes this set of sites one of the most important Late Neolithic cultural andscapes in Northwestern Europe. Within the etherlands, its quality far exceeds that of the SGC sites in the surrounding sandy Pleistocene areas, where the SGC is mainly known from burials (settlement sites are barely recognisable) or from sites where long-term reuse of locales has resulted in loss of chronological and spatial resolution (Fig. 1.2) .5 Noord-Holland’s site complexes therefore offer vast opportunities to increase our understanding of SGC subsistence, settlement variability, cultural differentiation, material culture and human-landscape interaction. E.M. Theunissen, J.H.M. Peeters & B.I. Smit " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157842/figure-1-of-relations-between-the-main-research-topics"><img alt="Fig. 1.3 - Scheme of relations between the main research topics. Archaeozoology is being studied by J.T. Zeiler (ArchaeoBone), in the case of mammals and birds, and D.C. Brinkhuizen is analysing the fish remains. Both are being supported by R.C.G.M. Lauwerier (RCE). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157844/figure-4-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157846/figure-2-reconstruction-of-the-pleistocene-relief-in-metres"><img alt="Fig 2.2: Reconstruction of the Pleistocene relief in metres above or below Amsterdam ordnance datum at the start of the Holocene (adapted from Vos & Kiden 2005). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158051/figure-82-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_082.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158304/figure-10-the-dendrogram-of-sherds-from-vessel-and-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.60 The dendrogram of sherds from vessel 1 and the distribution of sherds by quantity for vessel 1. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_154.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158308/figure-10-flint-flake-densities"><img alt="Fig. 10.64 Flint flake densities. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_155.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158310/figure-156-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_156.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158312/figure-157-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_157.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157849/figure-2-location-of-samples-in-dark-grey-samples-were-taken"><img alt="Fig 2.3 : Location of *C samples (in dark grey) Samples were taken from the squares: 82, 127, 178, 287, 416 and from feature 1003. The BP dates all fall within a limited range and the calibrated time range is also fairly limited. Oxcal q.1 was used for the calibration (Fig. 2.q).34 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157852/figure-7-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157853/figure-3-simplified-schematic-of-the-original-report-matrix"><img alt="Figure 3.1 A simplified schematic of the original report matrix derived from the text. (G represents the Natural and T the Topsoil). thought to be Medieval, as the tops of the features had Medieval layers compacted into them. The posts were hit into the ground rather than a hole being dug and then backfilled. There is an area of the habitation layer which is noticeably thicker than its surroundings, possibl caused by build-up due to habitation or by erosion of the layer surrounding it caused by compaction due to occupation. Several peaty layers are said to signify returning habitation. The phasing can be illustrated by a very simple Harris Matrix (Fig 3.1). Many of the Neolithic features were initially " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157854/figure-3-the-base-of-the-cultural-layer-the-thickness-of-the"><img alt="Figure 3.3 The base of the cultural layer. Figure 3.4 The thickness of the cultural layer (max. 23 cm). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157856/figure-10-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157857/figure-3-the-neolithic-site"><img alt="Figure 3.6 The Neolithic site. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157862/figure-12-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157867/figure-3-sections-of-pits-unknown-direction-went-down-to"><img alt="Figure 3.8 Sections of pits (unknown direction). went down to depths of one metre. All of the pits cut the underlying shell bank, and some also cut thinner shell bands. Many postholes cut the pits but it is not possible to assign any of them to an individual phase. least a few habitation phases. Within this layer, five charcoal areas have been interpreted as hearths. The hearths cover one of the pits, supporting the theory of an earlier phase. The cultural layer fills the tops of many of the pits above the natural backfill. This layer is up to 2ocm thick, and could be represented in the baulk profiles as multiple layers, indicating at " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157868/figure-14-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157874/table-3-it-was-classed-as-post-or-stakehole-an-attempt-was"><img alt="it was classed as a post- or stakehole. An attempt was made to distinguish between the stake- and postholes by looking for a break between the perimeter values, but there was no identifiable split in the dataset. Postholes and stakeholes have therefore been kept in the same class and are referred to hereafter only as postholes. THICTHIVLy UE TUITE SUrUR lula Periialllo. Finding hoof marks within a Neolithic context is not unique. Similar hoof marks were found at the settlement site at Ypenburg near The Hague. There are some differences in the character of the postholes (Table 3.2). Most are single " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157877/table-3-shape-and-quantities-of-postholes"><img alt="Table 3.2: Shape and quantities of postholes. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157878/figure-17-the-underlying-stratigraphy-of-the-site-is-formed"><img alt="The underlying stratigraphy of the site is formed mostly of sand with areas of shell with clay and sandy clay around the edges of the site. Below this is a series of thin shell bands and a shell bank. The shell bank would have been visible on the ground surface as it protruded through the top of the cultural layer. It is possible that this bank might have formed a geographical feature in the local landscape, discrete but still visible. It may have been covered by vegetation, but this would have led either to greater or to stunted growth of the plant life. The original excavators believed this bank to have natural origins. In the absence of further evidence to oppose this view, the original interpretation remains. Structures " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157880/figure-4-thickness-of-all-sherds-in-mm-there-is-relation"><img alt="Fig. 4.1 Thickness of all sherds in mm. There is a relation between the thickness of the sherds and the size and amount of the tempering materials added. For grog (the most frequently used tempering material), a graph has been produced showing the relation between the size of the particles and the thickness of the sherds. Figure q.9 shows that fine particles with a width of less than one mm are only added to " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157881/figure-4-tempering-and-thickness-of-the-sherds-tempering-and"><img alt="Fig. 4.3 Tempering and thickness of the sherds. Fig. 4.5 Tempering and thickness of the sherds tempered with sand and combinations with sand. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157884/figure-20-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157885/figure-21-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157887/figure-4-size-of-grog-particles-mm-in-percentages-in"><img alt="Fig. 4.9 Size of grog particles (mm) in percentages, in relation to the thickness of the sherd (mm). thin-walled sherds, whereas larger particles of between 2 and 3 mm are more frequently added to thick-walled sherds. One to two mm particles are most frequently added to sherds with a wall thickness between 6 and 7.5 mm. The grog- tempered sherds can thus be divided into two groups; the grog- and plant- or quartz-tempered ones are thin and contain little tempering material, the grog- and red granite-tempered ones are thicker and contain more tempering material. We can thus conclude that the relation between the thickness, size and amount of tempering materials indicates that deliberate choices were made by the potter, and the pots were probably made in different workshops. “ The firing method of 184 sherds was determined. The majority are completely dark. Both the inside, outside and co re of these sherds have a (dark) grey or (dark) brown colour. The other 81 sherds show as many as seven other colour schemes (Table q.1). In fi gure q.10 the colour of the outside of the sherds and the thickness of the sherds is comp that both the thin-walled and t ared. This shows he thick-walled ware include dark and light vessels. The thick- walled sherds are proportional be light-coloured. The colour o y more likely to f the outside of the sherds has also been compared to the tempering added; there is no correlation between these characteristics ( Fig. 4.11). Fig. 4.8 Tempering and thickness of the sherds tempered with quartz and combinations with quartz " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157888/figure-23-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157890/figure-24-colour-and-thickness-compared-however-the-level-of"><img alt="Fig. q.10 Colour and thickness compared. However, the level of oxygen in the fire is not the only influence on the colour of the vessels. The colour can also change during use, deposition and post-deposition. On many of the studied sherds dark stains are visible which are probably related to their function as cooking vessels. A selection of sherds with charred food remains has been studied by T. Oudemans and L. Kubiak-Martens.% Some sherds have been re- fired, which also leads to changes in coloration. These sherds are brittle and are black, blue or " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157895/figure-4-tempering-and-colour-compared"><img alt="Fig. 4.11 Tempering and colour compared. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157906/figure-4-surface-treatment-outside-and-thickness-compared"><img alt="Fig. 4.12 Surface treatment outside and thickness compared. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157908/figure-4-vessels-with-hatched-rows-in-alternating-directions"><img alt="Fig. 4.14 Vessels with hatched rows in alternating directions (1:2) (vessel 2 (14.4b) and 3 (14.qa)). Fig. 4.13 Vessel with hatched rows in alternating directions (1:4) (vessel 1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157910/figure-28-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157912/figure-4-vessels-with-spatula-impressions-in-horizontal-rows"><img alt="Fig. 4.15 Vessels with spatula impressions in horizontal rows (scale 1:2) (vessel 4 and sherd 2-1-5/6). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157913/figure-30-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157915/figure-4-vessel-with-rope-decoration-scale-vessel-vessel-is"><img alt="Fig. 4.17 Vessel with rope decoration (scale 1:2) (vessel 6). Vessel 6 is decorated with rope impressions (Fig. 4.17). Van der Waals and Glasbergen classified halfway-down rope-decorated (PF) beakers as type 1a; all-over rope-ornamented beakers were classified as type a2llb.*8 Since we have an incomplete vessel without parts of the underside we cannot with any certainty compare the beaker with one of these types. Vessel 6 is grog-, sand- and plant-tempered, the wall is 5.5 mm thick, and the pot has a gentle profile anda rim diameter of just 10 cm. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157919/figure-32-thickness-of-or-mm-this-is-remarkable-since-these"><img alt="thickness of 8 or 8.5 mm. This is remarkable since these thicknesses do not occur often. All these vessels have a rim and neck with an outward sloping shape. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157924/figure-4-decorated-wall-sherds-scale-sherds-and-vessels-with"><img alt="Fig. 4.19 Decorated wall sherds (scale 1:2) (sherds 2-1-56, 3-1-59, 3-2-1006 and 4-1-384/385/401/402). Fig. 4.18 Vessels with fingertip impressions (scale 1:2) (vessels 7 and 8). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157928/figure-4-undecorated-vessels-scale-vessels-and"><img alt="Fig. 4.20 Undecorated vessels (scale 1:2) (vessels 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 and 19). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157930/figure-4-base-sherds-scale-vessels-and"><img alt="Fig. 4.21 Base sherds (scale 1:2) (vessels 4, 15, 20, 22 and 21). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157932/figure-4-perforated-sherd-scale-sherd-in-square-wall-sherds"><img alt="Fig. 4.22 Perforated sherd (scale 1:1) (sherd 2-1-57). In square 10, 39 wall sherds and qo pieces of grit were found, probably all belonging to the same vessel, as their temper and firing methods are alike. No rim or base sherds were present, or are so severely damaged that they can no longer be recognised as such. All the wall sherds are severely weathered; the inside and outside have flaked off in almost all cases. The sherds are tempered with grog and are between 7 and 10.5 mm thick. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157936/figure-4-distribution-of-the-sherds-their-tempering-and"><img alt="Fig. 4.23 Distribution of the sherds, their tempering and weight. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157939/figure-38-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157941/figure-4-distribution-of-the-thick-walled-sherds"><img alt="Fig. 4.25 Distribution of the thick-walled sherds. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157942/figure-4-distribution-of-the-smoothed-sherds"><img alt="Fig. 4.26 Distribution of the smoothed sherds. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157945/figure-4-distribution-of-sherds-from-vessel-distribution-of"><img alt="Fig. 4.27 Distribution of sherds from vessel 1. Fig. 4.28 Distribution of sherds from vessel 3. Fig. 4.30 Distribution of sherds from vessel 5. Fig. 4.29 Distribution of sherds from vessel 4. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157949/figure-42-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157953/figure-43-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157957/figure-44-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157959/figure-45-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157960/figure-5-flaking-marks-observed-in-the-surface-of-the-half"><img alt="Figure 5.3 Flaking marks observed in the surface of the half bead found at Keinsmerbrug. The few implements found at the site provide little information about the amber ornaments. The analysis of the bead shows that the amber was modified to create a circular shape. Amber can be worked in two different ways: by cutting and by flaking.*¢ Flaking marks were observed in the surface of the bead (Fig. 5.3). Also, a circular perforation was made in the middle of the bead. As the analysis suggests, the perforation was made from two directions. The perforation is also scratched. A flint borer was probably used to produce the perforation. Small archaeological borers have been found at other Neolithic sites such as Mienakker. The preliminary analysis of the borers suggests that they were used to produce beads and amber ornaments. Similar borers were found at Aartswoud.®% Unfortunately, no borer with these characteristics was found in Keinsmerbrug, so we cannot determine whether this bead was made locally. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157961/figure-5-artefacts-with-traces-of-different-materials-scale"><img alt="Figure 5.4 Artefacts with traces of different materials (scale 1:1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157964/figure-48-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157969/figure-49-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157971/figure-50-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157973/figure-5-the-study-of-hafting-traces-is-not-very-well"><img alt="The study of hafting traces is not very well developed, and this phenomenon tends to be overlooked in use-wear analysis. However, some recent experimental work has shown that hafting can leave substantial traces.°7 The authors stress that the absence of experimental Figure 5.7 From left top to right bottom: 1586: use-wear displayed in a hide scraper (50x and 50x); 1465: use-wear displayed in a bone scraper (50x and 50x); 1783: bright surface produced by a contact of the flint implement surface with mineral (50x and 50x); 1671: polish very similar to the one that develops after boring skin. At Keinsmerbrug, just three implements showed any polish or retouches that suggest that they were hafted. In two cases, the use- wear recorded on the tools can be defined as bright spots. These bright spots are considered "indubitable evidence for assessing that a tool was used in a haft’.ss On the other tool, the position of the fire alterations, clearly marked by a straight line in its surface, suggests that the tool was hafted when it came into contact with the fire. In any case, the incidence of hafting is not very high. This can be explained as the result of a high level of alteration in the flint implements, but also because most of the tools were probably used without hafting. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157975/figure-5-traces-of-pounding-and-percussion-the-level-of"><img alt="Figure 5.8 Traces of pounding and percussion (10x). The level of fragmentation is so high that just 6.3% of the tools show their original shape The hammer stone was selected for phytolith analysis. Even though the surface of the hammer stone shows some phytolith remains, the plant species could not be determined. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157978/figure-5-wear-traces-along-the-rim-of-the-perforation-of-the"><img alt="Figure 5.9 Wear traces along the rim of the perforation of the half amber bead. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157984/figure-54-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157986/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-use-wear-on-flint"><img alt="Figure 5.11 Distribution patterns of use-wear on flint artefacts. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157989/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-burnt-flint"><img alt="Figure 5.12 Distribution patterns of burnt flint. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158142/figure-8-mass-spectrum-of-residue-ki-ceramic-fragment-uid"><img alt="Fig. 8.22 Mass spectrum of residue Ki (ceramic fragment UID: 2783): High-temperature phase C (scan 95-120) shows indicators for a polysaccharide-char (violet arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_103.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157990/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-hard-stone-case-with-flint"><img alt="Figure 5.13 Distribution patterns of hard stone. case with flint, the distribution of burnt hard stone implements does not seem related to any intentional modification of the stones (Fig. 5.14). However, the relationship between the hammer stone with the activity Area 2 is worth noting. As mentioned above, this area could be related household activities. The presence of the hammer stone might support this idea (Fig. 5.15). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157991/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-burnt-hard-stone"><img alt="Figure 5.14 Distribution patterns of burnt hard stone. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157993/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-the-hammer-stone"><img alt="Figure 5.15 Distribution patterns of the hammer stone. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157996/figure-5-distribution-patterns-of-amber-implements-the"><img alt="Figure 5.16 Distribution patterns of amber implements. The spatial distribution of the few amber implements does not provide much information. However, it is worth noting that the three " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29157997/figure-6-samples-grid-position-of-the-botanical-samples"><img alt="Figure 6.1 Samples grid - position of the botanical samples, including features and activity areas. Maps by G.R. Nobles " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158000/figure-62-there-two-additional-grassland-species-dandelion"><img alt="There, two additional grassland species, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and meadow grass (Poa pratensis/trivialis), would have found their most favourable habitats. It is clear from " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158003/figure-63-accumulated-for-example-backswamps-plants-such-as"><img alt="accumulated (for example backswamps), plants such as reed (Phragmites), great sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes (Eleocharis palustris/uniglumis), common marsh-bedstraw (Galium palustre), water/corn mint (Mentha aquatica/arvensis) and various sedges (Carex acuta/elata and Carex riparia) would have found their primary habitats. Culms of Phragmites and seeds of Cladium mariscus are particularly well represented in charred macrofossil assemblages. This would suggest that stands of both plants were well developed near the site, either in the freshwater marsh or in slightly brackish locations, since both species tolerate slightly brackish conditions. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158006/figure-6-naked-barley-hordeum-vulgare-var-nudum-find-number"><img alt="Figure 6.5 Naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) find number 3-1-127. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158009/figure-6-emmer-triticum-dicoccon-grain-and-chaff-remains"><img alt="Figure 6.6 Emmer (Triticum dicoccon) grain and chaff remains (find number 4-1-416). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158012/figure-66-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158015/figure-6-there-is-complete-absence-of-wild-fruits-or-berries"><img alt="There is a complete absence of wild fruits or berries, hazelnuts or acorns among the remains of both waterlogged and charred assemblages, and there is consequently no evidence for the gathering of wild plant foods. This is surprising, since remains of crab apple, berries, hazelnuts and acorns are present in plant assemblages at a few other Single Grave Culture sites in the area.110 There may be various reasons for this gap in the remains from Keinsmerbrug. The most obvious reason would be that these plants were not available near the site, though they might have been available within some distance of the site, for example on the sandy soils of Wieringen. Perhaps a better explanation, one that would account for the absence of wild fruits, acorns and hazelnuts, is the possibility that the site was used outside the gathering season for these wild foods (i.e. not during late summer and early autumn). Assuming this to be the case, we may further suggest that this gap in the record might be an indication that the site was not occupied permanently. Tan abundance OF remains IS any Measure OF the importance of the plant they derive from, then the find of orache (Atriplex spp.) seeds deserves to be emphasised. The presence of orache seeds in one of the charred lumps of processed food (see following section) has specific implications for the interpretation of an abundant presence of combined finds of Atriplex spp. seeds including Atriplex littoralis (Fig. 6.8) and seeds of the groups littoralis/prostrata and patula/ prostrata throughout the site deposits. It may actually suggest that seeds of various Atriplex species were gathered for food at Keinsmerbrug. The dietary potential of the seeds of many chenopods (including Atriplex spp.) is enhanced by the fact that they often grow in great abundance, that each plant can produce huge quantities of seeds, and that most of them are also rich in protein. Their potential as food in past human diets has therefore been repeatedly emphasised in the archaeobotanical literature.” " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158018/figure-6-quademans-upon-being-broken-open-one-of-the-organic"><img alt="1, Quademans). Upon being broken open, one of the organic lumps (find number 3-1-2q0) revealed embedded fragments of emmer grain (Fig 6.9a&b). Fragmented (crushed?) seeds of orache (Atriplex), some identified as Atriplex littoralis, were also embedded in the lump matrix (Fig. 6.9c&d ). In addition, stem or leaf epidermis of a herbaceous plant (possibly Allium) was also observed in the matrix. The latter could have been used to flavour this mush of emmer grain and orache seeds. Another lump (find number 3-1-289) consisted of cereal grains (possibly barley). Individual grains could occasionally be distinguished. Chemical analysis revealed no traces of organic " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158022/figure-69-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158025/figure-70-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158026/figure-71-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158029/figure-72-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158030/figure-6-great-sedge-cladium-mariscus-charred-rhizome"><img alt="Figure 6.10 Great sedge (Cladium mariscus) charred rhizome fragment (find number 3-1-222). There were a few other remains of charred parenchyma in Keinsmerbrug, but their poor preservation precluded any form of identification. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158031/figure-74-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158032/figure-75-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158034/figure-6-salicornia-europaea-on-mud-flats-near-de-westhoek"><img alt="Figure 6.12 Salicornia europaea on mud flats near De Westhoek (prov. Friesland), young plants accompanied by last year dry stands (a). And dry last year stands of Aster tripolium on the higher part of salt marsh (b). Photographed in May by W. van der Meer. The food crops that were used included naked barley and emmer. Both may have been cultivated in the coastal area, but were probably not grown in the close vicinity of the site. The site has produced assemblages of plant foods composed almost exclusively of cereals. In addition to cereals, the use of orache seeds as Plants such as Bolboschoenus maritimus, Cladium mariscus and Phragmites may also have been collected for various other reasons. Dry stands may have been collected as fuel but also as building material, or for example as thatching for roofs, to make mats, and as insulation material. Eventually these materials may have burnt during accidental or deliberate fires. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158037/figure-8-distribution-of-sampled-residues-plotted-on-map-of"><img alt="Fig. 8.1 Distribution of sampled residues plotted on a map of Keinsmerbrug. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_077.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158040/figure-8-residue-ks-view-of-the-interior-of-wall-fragments"><img alt="Fig. 8.3 Residue Ks - view of the interior of wall fragments from vessel 21 with black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample Ks on fragment 3-1-200 II. Fig. 8.2 Residue Ki - view of the interior of a rim fragment from vessel 3 with black residue. The white rectangle shows the location of the sample. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_078.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158047/figure-79-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_079.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158048/figure-8-residue-view-of-the-exterior-of-wall-fragments-with"><img alt="Fig. 8.5 Residue K6* - view of the exterior of wall fragments with black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample K6* (SEM8 study). Fig. 8.4 Residue K6 - view of the interior of a wall fragment with a black residue. The white rectangle shows the location of sample K6 on fragment 3-2-1006 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_080.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158049/figure-81-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_081.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158052/figure-8-residue-view-of-the-interior-of-three-rim-fragments"><img alt="Fig. 8.9 Residue K15 - view of the interior of three rim fragments from vessel q with thick black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample Ki5 (SEM17). Fig. 8.8 Residue K13 - view of the interior of various fragments with black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample K13 (SEM14). Fig. 8.7 Residue Kg - view of the exterior of various fragments from vessel 22 with black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample Kg (SEM11) on fragment 2-1-57. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_083.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158055/figure-8-residue-view-of-the-interior-of-fragments-from"><img alt="Fig. 8.10 Residue K16 - view of the interior of fragments from vessel 8 with thick black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample Ki6 (SEM18). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_084.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158061/figure-8-residue-view-of-the-interior-of-rim-fragment-from"><img alt="Fig. 8.6 Residue K7 - view of the interior of a rim fragment from vessel 13 with black residues. The white rectangle shows the location of sample K7 (SEMg) on fragment 4-1-1040. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_085.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158063/figure-86-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_086.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158067/figure-87-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_087.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158071/figure-8-sample-ks-sem-and-and-fine-layer-of-organic-residue"><img alt="Sample Ks - SEM 6 and 7 (Fig. 8.11 A, B and C) A fine layer of organic residue was encrusted on the exterior surface of pottery sherd number 3-1-200 II (originally Pot 20). The crust was fairly solid and had a slightly shiny appearance. Under the scanning electron microscope, small epidermal fragments were observed (approx. 300 x 80 um in size). They were embedded ina rather fused residue matrix (as presented in Fig. 8.11 C). The epidermal remains show wavy cell pattern characteristic of members of the grass family (including cereals). The individual epidermal cells were approx. 80-120 um long and approx. 20-25 um wide (Fig. 8,11 A and B) and as such they match the anatomy of cell patterns observed in recent material from emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon). In this paragraph the results from the botanical study are presented, followed by results of the chemical DTMS study. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_088.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158073/figure-89-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_089.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158075/figure-8-cal-leid-thin-layer-of-fine-organic-residue-rather"><img alt="cal leid A thin layer of fine organic residue, rather solid in structure, was encrusted on the exterior of sherd number 2-1-57 near the bottom (originally Pot 22). Od TIPIe NO” CALCTION ~ SEIN O (Pig. 0.12) A thick layer of organic residue was collected from the exterior wall of pottery sherd number 2-1-58 (originally Pot 21). The microstructure of this residue matrix resembles the previous one, being rather solid and somewhat glassy. Plant tissue observed in this residue closely resembles the emmer wheat chaff epidermis embedded in the previous sample, although here poorly preserved epidermal fragments are only approx. 80 x 30 um in size (Fig. 8.12). Sample K6* exterior - SEM 8 (Fig. 8.12) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_090.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158077/figure-8-sample-kg-sem-find-nr-pot-organic-residue-with"><img alt="Fig. 8.13 Sample Kg - SEM 11 (find nr. 2-1-57. Pot 22). Organic residue with deteriorated epidermis of emmer wheat chaff embedded in fused residue matrix (latter marked by arrow) (1500x). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_091.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158081/figure-8-canning-electron-microscopy-found-this-crust-to"><img alt="canning electron microscopy found this crust to ‘“omprise a featureless fused matrix with small 2pidermal fragments (approx. 120 x 50 um in size) of emmer (Triticum dicoccon) chaff (Fig. 8.13). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_092.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158084/figure-93-one-of-the-pottery-sherds-associated-with-extra"><img alt="One of the pottery sherds associated with Extra " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_093.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158088/figure-8-from-the-interior-surface-of-pottery-sherd-number"><img alt="from the interior surface of pottery sherd number 3-1-262 (originally Extra Pot 3). Under a scanning electron microscope this crust was found to comprise a featureless fused matrix with small yet well-preserved fragments of epidermal tissue of emmer chaff (approx. 200 X50 um in size) (Fig. 8.15 A and B). plant component, there were also small fragments embedded in the residue matrix which could originate from (animal/fish) bone (Fig. 8.14 B). A thick layer of rather solid crust was collected " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_094.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158097/figure-95-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_095.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158105/figure-8-sample-sem-and-sda-tiiple-ni-oem-pls-dg-thick-layer"><img alt="Sample K15 - SEM 17 (Fig. 8.16 A, B and 8.18) SDA TIIPle NI ~ OEM 17 (Pls. 0.10 A, D dG 6.10) A thick layer of rather irregular coarse organic residue was encrusted on the interior surface of pottery sherd associated with Extra Pot 2. Under a scanning electron microscope this residue was found to contain fragments of parenchymatous tissue embedded in the matrix (Fig. 8.16 A and B). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_096.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158113/figure-97-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_097.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158116/figure-8-firmly-fused-to-the-grain-special-processing-method"><img alt="firmly fused to the grain. A special processing method such as parching or pounding is required to release the grain from the chaff.147 rectangular cells 20 to 25 um across. Unfortunately, isolated fragments of parenchyma cannot be identified to species or even family solely on the anatomical grounds of parenchyma cells. Detailed identification requires the presence of vascular tissue associated with parenchymatous tissue. A different area of the same residue contained fragments of possible fish bone remains embedded in the residue matrix (example shown in Fig. 8.17). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_098.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158119/table-8-occurs-at-relatively-high-temperature-indicating"><img alt="occurs at a relatively high temperature, indicating a complex inhomogeneous polymeric fraction that is highly condensed (due to extensive thermal degradation). In desorption phase area A (scan 30-70), no significant increase or ‘bump’ is visible in the TIC intensity’, indicating a lack of significant amounts of volatile compounds in the residue. 8.3.2 Chemical results The results of the DTMS analyses are presented in mass spectra (Figs. 8.19 —- 8.29) and summarized in Table 8.3. Only four of the residues from Keinsmerbrug presented a signal that was high enough to make a significant interpretation of the original material (Table 8.3). Three samples showed a medium-high signal indicating traces of organic compounds. All other residues from Keinsmerbrug presented such low signals that no significant interpretation could be made of the original material involved. Since the organic residues with the highest signals presented a relatively similar chemical profile, only two of the well-preserved samples are discussed in detail below to illustrate the findings. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_099.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158125/figure-8-this-image-shows-the-tic-of-residue-showing"><img alt="Fig. 8.19 This image shows the TIC of residue K1: showing a combined peak in the pyrolysis-phase (area B, scan 70- 85) and the High-temperature area (area C, scan 95-120) and a desorption-phase (area A, scan 30-70) which shows now obvious increase in intensity. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_100.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158131/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ki-the-desorption-phase-is"><img alt="Fig. 8.20 Mass spectra of residue Ki: The desorption-phase A is being characterised by the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acoids (red arrows), cholesterol (blue arrows) and sulphur-containing compounds (green arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_101.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158138/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ki-ceramic-fragment-uid-the"><img alt="Fig. 8.21 Mass spectra of residue Ki (ceramic fragment UID: 2783): The pyrolysis-phase B (scan 70-85) shows indicators for charred polysaccharides (pink arrows), saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids (red arrows), and cholesterol (blue arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_102.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158235/figure-10-location-of-the-flint-with-signs-of-use-wear-and"><img alt="Figure 10.22 Location of the flint with signs of use-wear and interpretation from the lithic specialist. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_127.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158148/figure-8-saaetceatieeeiaaiieaitieed-ines"><img alt="Saaetceatieeeiaaiieaitieed ines idedaieiieieininenieinaiins = \ineinmieniedintiialy 3 The mass spectrum (Fig. 8.24) of desorption area A (scan 35-60) shows mass peaks indicative of various different classes of chemical compounds. Small amounts (intensity peaks of 5-10%) of saturated free fatty acids (red arrows) are visible in the mass spectrum. Free fatty acids are recognisable as m/z 256 and 28q for C16:0 and (18:0. The indications of the presence of intact di- or triacylglycerols (m/z 551, 579, 607) are so low in intensity that they can be disregarded. A small amount of cholesterol (intensity peak of 2-3%) can be detected (m/z 368, 386). Peaks originating from sulphur- " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_104.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158156/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ceramic-fragment-uid-the"><img alt="Fig. 8.24 Mass spectra of residue K13 (ceramic fragment UID: 2795): The desorption-phase A is characterised by the presence of saturated fatty acids and a trace of diacylglycerols (red arrows), cholesterol (blue arrows) and sulphur- containing compounds (green arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_105.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158162/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ceramic-fragment-uid-the"><img alt="Fig. 8.25 Mass spectra of residue K13 (ceramic fragment UID: 2795): The pyrolysis-phase B (scan 75-88) shows indicators for charred polysaccharides (violet arrows), saturated free fatty acids (red arrows), and cholesterol (blue arrow). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_106.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158168/figure-8-this-image-shows-the-tic-of-residue-ceramic"><img alt="Fig. 8.26 This image shows the TIC of residue K16 (ceramic fragment UID: 2798): showing one major peak in the pyrolysis-phase (area C, scan 70-90) and two other areas of interest: the desorption-phase (area A, scan 30-60) and the early pyrolysis-phase (area B, scan 60-70). Charred polysaccharides are also shown (Fig. 8.29) as additional series of peaks (violet arrows) belonging to alkylated benzenes (m/z 92, 106, 120, 134), alkylated benzofurans (m/z 132, 146, 160, 174) and alkylated phenols (m/z 108, 122) typical of a polysaccharide matrix heated to 250-310 °C.157 In residue K16 these compounds are similar to those in residue K13. But in comparison to residue K13, this residue shows little or no shoulder in the high temperature region (scans 90-120), indicating an absence of severely condensed material. In summary, residue K13 shows a combination of partially unsaturated lipids (including some cholesterol) and mildly heated polysaccharides. The mass spectrum (Fig. 8.27) of desorption area A (scan 30-60) shows mass peaks indicative of various different classes of chemical compound. Lipids (red arrows) are visible in the mass spectrum in the form of molecular ions and fragment ions of free fatty acids as well as intact acylglycerides. Saturated free fatty acids are recognisable as m/z 256 and 284 for C16:0 and C18:o0. The presence of intact acylglycerols is indicated by small peaks for diacylglycerols (m/z " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_107.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158172/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ki-ceramic-fragment-uid-the"><img alt="Fig. 8.27 Mass spectra of residue Ki6 (ceramic fragment UID: 2798): The desorption-phase A is characterised by the presence of lipids (red arrows) and the organic solvent ethanol (green arrow). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_108.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158177/figure-8-mass-spectrum-of-residue-ceramic-fragment-uid-the"><img alt="Fig. 8.28 Mass spectrum of residue K16 (ceramic fragment UID: 2798): The early pyrolysis-phase B (scan 60-70) shows free fatty acids (red arrows) and indicators for mildly heated polysaccharides (pink arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_109.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158182/figure-8-mass-spectra-of-residue-ki-ceramic-fragment-uid"><img alt="Fig. 8.29 Mass spectra of residue Ki6 (ceramic fragment UID: 2798): pyrolysis phase C (scan 70-90) shows indicators for a polysaccharide-char (violet arrows). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_110.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158188/table-9-among-the-mammal-bones-those-of-livestock-are-by-far"><img alt="Among the mammal bones, those of livestock are by far the most numerous (Table 9.2). Cattle (Bos taurus) exceed pig (Sus domesticus) and sheep/ goat (Ovis aries/Capra hircus) both in number and in weight. The numerous cattle footprints that were seen during the excavation (Fig. 9.1) might be connected with the settlement, but this is not certain.’7' There is no detailed information on the layers or on the level at which they were Fig. 9.1 Cattle footprints as exposed in the excavation of Keinsmerbrug. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_111.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158192/figure-9-distribution-of-total-length-of-flounder"><img alt="Fig. 9.3 Distribution of total length of flounder (Pleuronectes flesus) based on the greatest width of the posterior articulation surface of vertebra I (in mm). Measurements in mm: 2.9; 3.2; 3.3(2X); 3.45 3-5(2X); 3.6(4X); 3-7; 3-8(2x); 3.9(3x); 4-0(2x) 4.1(2x); 4.2(2x); 4-3(3X); 4-4(4x); 4.5(2X); 4.6(3x); 4.7(2x); 4.8(3x); 4.9; 5-0(2X) 5.3(2X); 5-4; 5.5; 5-7; 5-9; 6.3. n=50; X mean.=4.3 S=0.739; Sm=0.105;vat.br.= 2.9-6.3. Comparison of the size of a damaged praemaxillare of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) from the 2 mm sieve residue with individuals of known total length demonstrates that it belonged to an individual with a total length of approx. 38 cm. From the calculated and estimated lengths of the fishes caught it appears that the inhabitants of Keinsmerbrug knew fishing techniques that enabled them to catch both very small fish (stickleback, herring) and large fish (cod, bass and large mullets). In the 2 mm sieve residue (material B) a first vertebra of twaite shad (Alosa fallax) was found. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_112.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158195/figure-10-trend-surfaces-for-animal-bone-weight-distribution"><img alt="Fig. 10.2 Trend surfaces for animal bone (weight) distribution: top left to bottom right orders 1-12. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_113.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158199/figure-114-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_114.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158206/figure-115-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_115.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158208/figure-116-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_116.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158209/figure-10-animal-remains-collection-bias-trends-statistics"><img alt="Figure 10.7 Animal remains collection bias. Trends G;* statistics demonstrate a single cluster which possibly fragments at smaller scales (Fig. 10.8). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_117.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158211/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-animal-remains-using-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.8 Cluster interpretation of Animal Remains using the Gi* statistic at multiple scales. Global statistics " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_118.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158214/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-animal-remains-using-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.9 Cluster interpretation of Animal Remains using the [i statistic at multiple scales. weight clustering together. The local | statistic suggests clustering in the northern area dividing into four sub-components (Fig. 10.9). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_119.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158215/figure-120-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_120.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158217/figure-121-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_121.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158219/figure-122-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_122.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158220/figure-123-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_123.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158223/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-flint-using-the-gi"><img alt="Figure 10.19 Cluster interpretation of Flint using the Gi* statistic at multiple scales. Local statistics " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_124.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158229/figure-10-distribution-of-the-burnt-and-unburnt-flint-waste"><img alt="Figure 10.21 Distribution of the burnt and unburnt flint waste, values less than 1 are due to the possibility of multiple locations for a single piece of flint. The waste flint was thought to be the most suitable to test this hypothesis, as it should be less susceptible to anthropogenic factors. The majority would be the result of flint knapping, " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_125.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158234/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-flint-using-the"><img alt="Figure 10.20 Cluster interpretation of Flint using the I statistic at multiple scales. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_126.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158237/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-animal-remains-using-the"><img alt="Figure 10.23 Cluster interpretation of Animal Remains using the Gi* statistic at multiple scales. Figure 10.24 Cluster interpretation of Animal Remains using the Ii statistic at multiple scales. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_128.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158238/figure-129-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_129.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158239/figure-10-cluster-interpretation-of-pottery-sherds-using-the"><img alt="Figure 10.27 Cluster interpretation of Pottery sherds using the Ii statistic at multiple scales. Figure 10.26 Cluster interpretation of Pottery sherds using the Gi* statistic at multiple scales. SSERACRRERTRSENS® «FTES SERRE TA ns SMS Rk PRES SENSE AE Pottery sherds are difficult to interpret as many sherds can represent one vessel and therefore cluster. Equally, a vessel can smash and scatter. It is possible to assess the clustering of sherds or fabric types. However, this will not aid in the identification of individual vessels. Many vessels can be produced in the same way but have different designs applied to them. With this in mind interpretation might suggest the locations of three vessels.228 When compared to the distribution of ceramic tempering types, this is even more suggestive of three separate vessels, especially given the fact that all the significant clusters contain a grog and sand tempering. It is likely that a fourth grog tempered vessel is present, in view of the quantity of similar sherds in close proximity. Figure 10.25 A normalised pie chart plot sized by weight of sherds and categorised by tempering as identified by the ceramics specialist. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_130.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158240/figure-131-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_131.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158241/figure-132-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_132.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158243/figure-10-botanical-interpretation-of-samples-in-spatial"><img alt="Fig. 10.28 Botanical interpretation of samples in < spatial context. Botanical samples were originally collected ina checkerboard pattern. It is therefore assumed that a 50% sampling strategy was employed. On this estimate 83 out of 216 botanical samples survived for processing. This therefore constitutes a 38% sample of the site. It is apparent from the plan of sample locations and the remaining samples that the checkerboard was generally adhered to, but that there were occasional deviations from the pattern. The sample locations were plotted and species distributions calculated. Due to the lack of quantification it is difficult to suggest any broad inferences beyond their distributions. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_133.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158246/figure-10-distribution-of-processed-plant-remains-the"><img alt="Figure 10.30 Distribution of processed plant remains. The majority of the chaff from the samples is located in the north of the site, spreading fror the cultural layer beyond into the wider landscape. The grain remains, which are predominantly barley, appear to the north but also around the hearths (Fig. 10.29). Three samples just north of the small charcoal areas also contain barley, which also appears in other locations. This possible association of barley to charcoal is interesting, and will become significant later in this chapter. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_134.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158247/figure-135-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_135.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158249/figure-136-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_136.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158252/figure-10-all-of-the-interpreted-structural-posts-before-and"><img alt="Fig. 10.34 All of the interpreted structural posts before and after interpretation. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_137.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158267/figure-138-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_138.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158272/figure-10-an-interpretive-outline-of-the-possible-limits-and"><img alt="Fig. 10.36 An interpretive outline of the possible limits and features of the Central Structure. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_139.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158274/figure-10-an-interpretive-outline-of-the-possible-limits-and"><img alt="Fig. 10.37 An interpretive outline of the possible limits and features of the Northern Structures. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_140.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158276/figure-10-this-structure-is-formed-by-posts-reusing-the"><img alt="This structure is formed by 32 posts, reusing the central post line (8) of the former structure, with the remainder forming the external wall (15). The diameters of the central post line are the same as in the previous structure. However the external posts are larger, all but one at least near the 0.1m mark, with the majority between 0.1m and 0.2m in diameter, as with the central posts. Three posts are larger, with measurements between the 0.2m and 0.3m threshold. The box plot below illustrates this similarity (Fig. 10.q0-10.q2). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_141.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158277/figure-142-wall-but-at-the-corner-where-there-was-highly"><img alt="wall, but at the corner, where there was a highly speculative entrance to the former structure. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_142.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158278/figure-10-the-location-of-drawn-sections-for-the-central"><img alt="Fig. 10.42 The location of drawn sections for the Central Structure. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_143.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158279/figure-144-in-the-area-of-the-northern-structure-there"><img alt="In the area of the northern structure there appears to be a central line formed by double sets of postholes; these two lines are not parallel but deviate by 10 degrees so that at the western end they are separated by a distance of 1.9m. The external wall also has duplication in differing orientations, one set aligned to one of the central posthole lines and the other aligned to the remaining central line. On this basis they could represent two separate structures, proposed here as northern structure 1 and northern structure 2. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_144.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158283/figure-10-the-location-of-drawn-sections-for-northern"><img alt="Fig. 10.47 The location of drawn sections for Northern Structure 1. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_145.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158284/figure-10-the-posthole-diameters-do-not-display-clear"><img alt="The posthole diameters do not display a clear division between the central and external posts, although the majority of the external posts are below the 0.2m threshold (Fig. 10.48 and 10.49). One posthole is above the 0.7m threshold. This is a very irregularly shaped posthole and it could conceivably have held a post which collapsed, disturbing the area around it, or it could be a tree throw. This outlier can therefore be disregarded. All of the central posts are between 0.2m and o.qm in diameter (Fig. 10.50). Only three of them are above the 0.3m threshold. These form the main part of the structure. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_146.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158286/figure-147-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_147.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158289/figure-10-comparison-of-the-number-of-post-holes-and-post"><img alt="Figure 10.51 A comparison of the number of post holes and post hole depths (in cm) between all 5 structures fot the wall post hole. Fig. 10.52 A comparison of the number of post holes and post hole depths (in cm) between all 5 structures for the central post hole lines. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_148.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158293/figure-10-northern-structure-displays-more-of-an-overlap"><img alt="Northern structure 2 displays more of an overlap between the two groups, although the central posts generally fall into two groups: shallow with varying widths or relatively deep but thinner (Fig. 10.55). The wall posts range from thin but shallow to wide but shallow, or shallow and thin to deep and thin in some cases. This overlap could also be due to some of the external wall posts being deliberately wider than their counter- parts, as they may have supported cross beams. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_149.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158295/figure-10-the-dendrogram-of-sherds-from-vessel-and-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.56 The dendrogram of sherds from vessel q and the distribution of sherds by quantity for vessel q (values less than 1 are the result of multiple locations of a sherd). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_150.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158317/figure-10-activity-areas-based-upon-the-artefact-densities"><img alt="Fig. 10.66 Activity areas based upon the artefact densities, ecofact densities and the botanical evidence. Fig. 10.65 Flint waste densities. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_158.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158298/figure-10-the-dendrogram-of-sherds-from-vessel-and-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.57 The dendrogram of sherds from vessel 3 and the distribution of sherds by quantity for vessel 3 (values les: than 1 are the result of multiple locations of a sherd). HCA can display levels of clustering at different scales. It first assumes every single " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_151.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158300/figure-10-the-dendrogram-of-sherds-from-vessel-and-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.58 The dendrogram of sherds from vessel 12 and the distribution of sherds by quantity for vessel 12 (values less than 1 are the result of multiple locations of a sherd). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_152.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158302/figure-10-the-dendrogram-of-sherds-from-vessel-and-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.59 The dendrogram of sherds from vessel 5 and the distribution of sherds by quantity for vessel 5. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_153.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158324/figure-10-possible-roof-terminations-for-the-southern"><img alt="Figure 10.69 Possible roof terminations for the Southern Structures. The southern structures (1 and 2) are of a similar style, the excavated remains measuring 3.5m x 10m and qm x 10.4m respectively. This is not their full extent, as the widths would have been 7m and 8m, though the full length can only be inferred from a single example, Zeewijk-Oost (see Figure 86), which has a similar width but a length of 22m. These structures could therefore be of that order, though Zeewijk-Oost is very different in terms of posthole diameters and uniformity of configuration. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_160.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158330/figure-10-structural-forms-of-lbk-long-houses-from-carter"><img alt="Figure 10.68 Structural forms of LBK Long Houses from Carter (2009) used with permission. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_161.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158333/figure-10-southern-structure-interpretation-of-post-hole"><img alt="Fig. 10.70 Southern Structure 1 (Interpretation of post hole locations illustrated by the closed roof). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_162.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158335/figure-10-southern-structure-interpretation-of-post-hole"><img alt="Fig. 10.71 Southern Structure 2 (Interpretation of post hole locations illustrated by the closed roof). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_163.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158337/figure-10-central-structure-with-continuous-roof-only-two"><img alt="Figure 10.72 Central Structure with a continuous roof. Only two house structures have been identified during excavation in the Noord- Holland area, especially within the palaeo river basin. The discovery of five new structures therefore adds vastly to our knowledge of the archaeology of the area at that time. Now we have seven structures to compare at Keinsmerbrug, Zeewijk and Mienakker, can any typologies be inferred? Each structure has its subtleties, but two or three general observations can be made (Table 10.13). The walls of all the structures include some of the following elements: parallel sides, rectangular, ovoid, trapezoidal, rounded corners, sharp corners, regular post spacing, sparse post spacing, relatively large and small posts. The central post lines are a single line central to the structure, the only deviation from this rule being the northern which could have supported a leaning roof ata distance of approximately.1.6m from the wall. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_164.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158341/figure-165-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_165.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158343/figure-10-population-estimate-based-on-the-area-of-the"><img alt="Fig. 10.76 Population estimate based on the area of the interpreted sleeping areas of the structures (Southern and Central Structures are based on the Northern Structures percentage area). Fig. 10.75 Estimated supported population if the entire house floors are used (Southern structures use predicted floor areas). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_166.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158344/figure-167-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_167.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158347/figure-10-house-plans-structures-keinsmerbrug-top-left-kmb"><img alt="Fig. 10.77 House plans/structures Keinsmerbrug: top left kmb N2 (SGC); top right kmb Ni (SGC); central kmb C (SGC); bottom left kmb S1 (SGC); bottom right kmb Sz (SGC). Presented to a relative orientation and scale. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_168.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158351/figure-169-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_169.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158354/figure-170-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_170.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158359/figure-11-position-of-keinsmerbrug-red-dot-in-relation-to"><img alt="Fig. 11.1 Position of Keinsmerbrug (red dot) in relation to the ecological zones in the former landscape (adapted from Vos & Kiden 2005). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_171.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158361/figure-11-discerned-structures-phases-and-activity-areas"><img alt="Fig 11.2: Discerned structures, phases and activity areas. Because the southern structures have only been partially identified and no clear activity areas could be assigned to them, they are regarded as less convincing (partial house plans). The interpretation of these two structures is not therefore associated with any further functional connotation, and they are referred to as ‘southern structure 1’ (Kmb $1) and ‘southern structure 2’ (Kmb S2). The reason for the fact that the southern structures could be only partly identified is related to taphonomic processes. These structures are likely to represent an earlier use of the settlement. Later occupation at the site has obscured older traces. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_172.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158364/figure-173-these-terms-can-cause-confusion-therefore-two"><img alt="These terms can cause confusion therefore Two further statistics are the skewness and kurtosis; these are measures of shape of the graphed data. For the former if the graph is unimodal or normally distributed around its mean then the value will be 0, if it is skewed to the right it will be positive or negative if skewed to the left. The kurtosis is an indicator of the peak of the graph, the higher the value the more pointed the graph will be. A fuller explanation can be found in many statistical books. 2ss " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_173.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158369/figure-174-this-distance-is-chosen-because-the-underlying"><img alt="This distance is chosen because the underlying data is collected at metre square intervals. However this technique can be used at multiple scales to see the local and not so local clusters. For a 3x3 grid a distance of 1.75m is used, this includes all of the required points. This also is possible for a 5x5 square with a distance of 2.9m. Unfortunately this method does not extend beyond a distance of a 2 cell radius and one is left with a Rook’s case scenario. Upon the near completion of this chapter and following the conclusion of the analysis a method for creating a spatial weight matrix with the conceptual spatial relationship of polygon contiguity was discovered. This is where a polygon which shares an edge or a node (boundary or corner) can be neighbours. Further " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_174.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158372/figure-175-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_175.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158376/figure-176-count-max-min-std-inter-skew-kurt-means-count-of"><img alt="‘Count’ ‘Max’ ‘Min’ ‘Std’ ‘Inter’ ‘Skew’ ‘Kurt’ means count of squares means maximum means minimum means standard deviation means interquartile range means skewness means kurtosis " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_176.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158381/figure-177-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_177.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158383/figure-178-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_178.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158385/figure-179-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_179.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158387/figure-180-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_180.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158389/figure-181-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_181.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158391/figure-182-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_182.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158392/figure-183-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_183.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158398/figure-184-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_184.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158403/figure-185-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_185.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158407/figure-186-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_186.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158412/figure-187-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_187.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158415/figure-188-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/figure_188.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158423/table-1-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158429/table-2-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158436/table-3-administrative-information-it-was-decided-to-divide"><img alt="1.6 Administrative information It was decided to divide the monograph into eleven chapters. The first two chapters introduce the Single Grave Project and the site at Keinsmerbrug. The features are presented in chapter 3. In chapters q and 5 two material categories are dealt with: the ceramics and flint, amber and stone artefacts. The results of the botanical analysis are presented in chapters 6 and 7, and the organic residues are discussed in chapter 8. The faunal remains, of mammals, birds and fish, are discussed in chapter 9. The spatial information will be presented and evaluated in chapter 10. Chapters 3-10 thus present the reports of the specialist analyses, each based on its own research questions. Chapter 11, the final chapter, brings together the conclusions from the different studies, to discuss and synthesise the archaeological data from the site at Keinsmerbrug. This chapter is based on the input from the specialists and must be seen as a joint interpretation of the site by the project team. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158442/table-2-results-of-dated-samples"><img alt="Table 2.1 Results of *C-dated samples. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158447/table-3-although-this-changed-to-in-the-southern-area"><img alt="* Although this changed to m? in the southern area ** Although data unavailable *** Only partially Table 3.1: Methodological summary " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158451/figure-3-the-reconstructed-site-grid-with-duplicate"><img alt="Figure 3.2 The reconstructed site grid with duplicate numbering included. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158455/table-7-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158460/table-4-technological-characteristics-size-and-amount-of"><img alt="Table 4.1: Technological characteristics. Table 4.2: Size and amount of grog particles. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158464/table-9-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158475/table-10-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158480/table-11-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158484/table-4-size-and-amount-of-plant-particles"><img alt="Table 4.4: Size and amount of plant particles. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158488/table-13-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158491/table-4-relation-between-the-size-and-amount-of-grog-and"><img alt="Table 4.8: Relation between the size and amount of grog and sand tempered sherds " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158495/table-4-relation-between-the-size-and-amount-of-grog-and"><img alt="Table 4.9: Relation between the size and amount of grog and plant tempered sherds Table 4.10: Relation between the size and amount of grog and granite, red tempered sherds " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158499/table-16-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158503/table-4-relation-between-the-size-and-amount-of-grog-and"><img alt="Table 4.11: Relation between the size and amount of grog and quartz tempered sherds Thickness ee Se eae The thickness of the sherds is bimodal (Fig. 4.1). The first peak of the graph is at 6 to 6.5 mm, and the value 7 to 7.5 mm also occurs frequently. After a dip at 8 to 8.5 mma second, but smaller, peak is found at 9 to 9.5 mm. The graph presented was compiled for measurements of single sherds. Vessels show variation in their t t t hickness however; for example, the neck may be thinner than the wall. To further study the hickness, another graph was produced for the wall sherds only. The graph based on the wall hicknesses also shows a bimodal division (Fig. .2).The different vessels do show variation in heir thicknesses; the wall may be thinner than he rim, or vice versa. We can however conclude on the basis of the study of thicknesses that here are two classes of ware. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158506/table-5-flint-primary-classification-versus-flint-variety"><img alt="Table 5.1: Flint primary classification versus flint variety (%). Table 5.2: Flint primary classification versus flint variety (N). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158512/table-19-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158516/table-5-raw-material-frequencies"><img alt="Table 5.3: Raw material frequencies. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158520/table-21-rolled-pebbles-were-also-exploited-at-keinsmerbrug"><img alt="Rolled pebbles were also exploited at Keinsmerbrug. Two complete pebbles and two tested pebbles have been recovered at the site. However, only one of these small pebbles shows clear traces of flake production. The other tested pebble is so altered by a very hard patina that it was not possible to recognise any kind of production parameters. The complete pebbles also have small dimensions (between 50 and 55 mm). Pebbles were probably also carried to the site and worked locally. marine transgressions in the Baltic area. And finally, some of the amber may also derive from lignite deposits dating from the Pliocene in the northern Netherlands and Germany.® As in the case of flint and stone, amber could have been collected in nearby coastal areas of Noord- Holland province. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158523/table-5-raw-material-versus-artefact-type-asmall-number-of"><img alt="Table 5.5: Raw material versus artefact type. Asmall number of retouched tools were found at Keinsmerbrug. Only five implements show retouch. The retouched tools include one end scraper (1465), three retouched flakes (1485, 1471 and 1721) and one retouched blade (1856). Furthermore, one borer produced from a blade was recovered at Keinsmerbrug (1671). The borer is highly altered by contact with fire, so it is not possible to distinguish the retouch. However, " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158525/table-5-the-relationship-between-form-and-function-artifact"><img alt="Table 5.6: The relationship between form and function: artifact type versus motion. of contact with bone. On the proximal left edge of the blade (coordinate 03), on the dorsal face, small and continuous retouches can be observed along the entire surface of the edge. Around these retouches is a very well developed hardwood polish. However, on the ventral face an isolated polish line parallel to the edge has been recorded. This fact suggests that the working edge of the tool was mostly high, with the dorsal face receiving most of the contact with the worked resource. The apparent transversal directionality seen on the tool further suggests that this tool was used for scraping wood. On the other hand, the left medial edge of the blade (coordinate 04) shows a wood polish with longitudinal motion. Also, on the dorsal face Small geometrical edge damage surrounded by wood polish can also be seen on the dorsal face. This use-wear is indicative of sawing hardwood. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158530/table-7-keinsmerbrug-results-pollen-analysis"><img alt="Table 7.1 Keinsmerbrug, results pollen analysis. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158536/table-25-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158541/table-8-overview-of-sampled-residues-from-keinsmerbrug-with"><img alt="Table 8.1: Overview of sampled residues from Keinsmerbrug, with description and location of the residues on the vessel. New vessel numbers are based on vessel individuals as determined by Beckerman (Chapter 4). material) firmly attached to ceramic sherds can visually resemble residues. However, such remains are chemically clearly recognisable as secondary contamination. Since no indications of post-depositional contamination were seen, the residues were interpreted as the remains of one of the final use-phases of the ceramic vessels. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158548/table-8-overview-of-botanical-results-from-keinsmerbrug"><img alt="Table 8.2: Overview of botanical results from Keinsmerbrug epidermis, remains of vegetative tissue, starch granules, elements of vascular tissue) that occasionally survive the process of food preparation and cooking. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158693/table-10-generalisation-of-the-data-pottery"><img alt="Table 10.8 Generalisation of the data (pottery). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158557/table-28-markers-for-heated-polysaccharides-can-still-be"><img alt="markers for heated polysaccharides (250 — 310 °C)153 can still be seen (violet arrows) as alkylated benzenes (m/z 92, 106, 120, 134), alkylated benzofurans (m/z 132, 146, 160, 174) and alkylated phenols (m/z 108, 122). Highly condensed aromatic structures indicative of severely thermally degraded polysaccharides (heated to over 300 °C for more than two hours), can be seen as an envelop of masses (even higher than odd masses) above mass m/z 200.154 Fi, CO OO ee, a ee, em: ene ann Tot. Int.: SFA: UFA: DG: TG: PP: PCh: PS: PS Ch: Cont: Total intensity of the TIC signal during the analysis; Saturated Fatty Acids; Unsaturated Fatty Acids; diacylglycerols triacylglycerols; proteins and peptides; indicators for charred proteins; Polysaccharide markers; markers for condensed polysaccharides; Contamination such as: S for Sulphur containing compounds and K for Potassium. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158583/table-29-the-botanical-and-chemical-uniformity-of-the"><img alt="The botanical and chemical uniformity of the residues also implies that no differences in vessel use can be identified between different kinds of ceramics. Although vessel characteristics such as wall thickness, vessel form, tempering material and decoration were recorded,’ similar residues were found in vessels of different types. We must therefore conclude that the cooking and heating of emmer porridge with fat has not been proven to bea specialised function of one kind of ceramic. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158590/table-9-number-nr-and-weight-bw-in-of-remains-of-mammals"><img alt="Table 9.1: Number (NR) and weight (BW, in g) of remains of mammals, birds, fish, molluscs, amphibians and reptiles (the remains in the samples were not weighed). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158595/table-9-mammal-remains-excl-small-rodents-nr-number-of"><img alt="Table 9.2: Mammal remains (excl. small rodents). NR = number of remains; BW = weight in g. found, which means that they could be either Neolithic or more recent. bones (fore and hind) and a loose tooth. In general, the remains of livestock can be regarded as a mixture of consumption and slaughtering waste. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158599/table-9-age-class-determinations-of-cattle-sheep-goat-and"><img alt="Table 9.3: Age class determinations of cattle, sheep/goat and pig, based on the stages of fusion in postcranial bones. Wild mammals (microfauna not included) are scarce and comprise fur animals and sea mammals: wolf (Canis lupus), marten (Martes sp.), polecat (Putorius putorius), common seal (Phoca vitulina) and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). All are represented by only one or two remains. As for wolf, this is a canine, which was attributed to the species on the basis of its size. In principle, it could come from a large dog, although that is not very likely in view of the moderate size of Neolithic dogs mentioned above. Wild ungulates, such as red deer and roe deer, are absent from the faunal spectrum, which is not surprising given their scarcity at Late Neolithic sites, especially in this region.17* Some of the pig bones, however, could come from wild boar (Sus scrofa), but as no measurements are available this remains uncertain. younger than seven months. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158605/figure-9-that-they-come-from-one-individual-at-least-two"><img alt="that they come from one individual: at least two phalanges (a phalanx | and a phalanx II) do match. Fig. 9.2 Tarsometatarsus of the white-tailed eagle. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158610/table-34-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158618/table-9-duck-remains-from-samples-skeletal-elements-of-body"><img alt="Table 9.6: Duck remains from samples: skeletal elements of body parts (numbers) versus species. Table 9.7: Duck remains from samples: proportions of wing and leg bones (numbers) versus species. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158623/table-36-the-predominance-of-wing-bones-over-leg-bones-at"><img alt="The predominance of wing bones over leg bones at Keinsmerbrug is so strong that it must surely reflect human selection rather than survival. The presence of body bones rules out the possibility that only the wings were brought back to the site for the feathers. Estonia, femora are clearly underrepresented among the numerous duck remains, while wing bones prevail. The context of both sites is clearly human. It seems that the pattern is valid for the Baltic Sea shore.79 The case of Keinsmerbrug shows that it is not restricted to that area. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158629/table-9-fish-remains-from-and-mm-sieve-residues-material-nr"><img alt="Table 9.8: Fish remains from 2 and q mm sieve residues (material A) NR = number of remains. are 72.9%, 90.9% and 96.9% in the 2 mm,1mm and 0.5 mm sieve residues respectively. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158634/table-9-fish-remains-from-and-mm-sieve-residues-material-nr"><img alt="Table 9.9: Fish remains from 2, 1 and 0,5 mm sieve residues (material B) NR = number of remains. possible to tell how many individuals they represent. Two fragments, one of a pectoral spine and a supracleithrale, indicate an MNI (minimum number of individuals) of one. to know the sizes of the most important fish species. The total lengths of one or more specimens of the most important species were therefore calculated or estimated on the basis of the dimensions of certain skeletal elements of recent specimens of a known total length. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158640/table-9-background-fauna-small-mammals-amphibians-and"><img alt="Table 9.10: Background fauna: small mammals, amphibians and reptiles. NR = number of remains. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158645/table-40-according-to-kuijper-the-presence-of-doublets"><img alt="According to Kuijper, the presence of doublets indicates that the molluscs come from natural deposits molluscs, and hence — contrary to what has been found at other Late Neolithic sites in the region (e.g. Mienakker) — must not be regarded as consumption waste. 19 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158650/figure-9-seasonal-presence-of-bird-mammal-and-fish-species"><img alt="Fig. 9.4 Seasonal presence of bird, mammal and fish species at Keinsmerbrug (adapted from Zeiler 2006a, 2006b; Brinkhuizen 2006). Dark blue = largest numbers; green = largest numbers/easiest to catch. The strong preponderance of wing elements, representing consumption waste, show that the lower parts of the legs were cut off before the conservation process or in preparing the birds for consumption, and discarded outside the settlement (or given to the dogs). The leftovers of the meal, however, were discarded within the site, as is clear from the high percentage of burning on the bones. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158657/table-10-unique-identification-numbers"><img alt="Table 10.2 Unique identification numbers. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158663/table-10-animal-bone-class-summary-from-all-contexts-animal"><img alt="Table 10.4 Animal bone class summary from all contexts. Table 10.3 Animal remains classes. The dataset was relatively high-quality. With the exception of one sturgeon plate every bone came from a specific square or feature. This bone was omitted from any analysis. The animal bone remains were described by weight per location. T botanical s by the bon of the fish he weights of animal bone from amples were given an average weight e specialist,212 as described below. All bones came from botanical samples. An average weight per bone per species was derived from the total weight. Table 10.3 identifies t he average weight for each class type. Since they were from botanical samples the General " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158668/table-44-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158674/table-45-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158682/table-10-flint-type-summary-from-all-contexts"><img alt="Table 10.6 Flint type summary from all contexts. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158688/table-10-generalisation-of-the-data-flint-trends"><img alt="Table 10.7 Generalisation of the data (flint). Trends " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158700/table-10-finds-from-features-processed-plant-material-is"><img alt="Table 10.9 Finds from features. Processed plant material is also found in samples within the cultural layer, except for on one occasion to the east. It appears visually to be dispersed throughout the samples, albeit more to the south and east (Fig. 10.30). Again, there is a lack of samples in the west.227 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158706/table-10-generalised-comparisons-incomplete-structures"><img alt="Table 10.10 Generalised comparisons (*incomplete structures-partial measurements). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158712/table-10-results-of-residue-analyses"><img alt="Table 10.11 Results of residue analyses. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158717/table-10-comparison-of-structural-forms-between-neolithic"><img alt="Table 10.13 Comparison of structural forms between Neolithic structures from Noord-Holland (* Mienakker and Zeewijk are subject to reinvestigation later in this report series). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158723/table-53-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158730/table-54-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158735/table-55-characteristics-of-the-vessels-and-decorated-wall"><img alt="Characteristics of the vessels and decorated wall sherd: " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158743/table-56-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158751/table-57-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158763/table-58-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158793/table-59-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158802/table-60-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158810/table-61-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158817/table-62-computer-hardware-software"><img alt="Computer hardware Software " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158828/table-63-licensing-requirements-are-required-in-arcgis-than"><img alt="licensing requirements are required in ArcGIS 9.3.1 than were available at the time of analysis. Although this still requires further investigation beyond the limits of this report. It is hoped that a Rook’s Case will not alter the end result drastically but it requires further investigation. Analysis was stopped at the 7m radius as it was assumed that this would be sufficient for the local and not so local patterns due to the size of the overall study area. Initially distances of up to 16m were assessed using the animal bone data to validate this choice. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158832/table-64-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158838/table-65-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158846/table-66-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158853/table-67-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158858/table-68-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158866/table-69-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158873/table-70-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158879/table-71-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158885/table-72-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158897/table-73-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158901/table-74-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158911/table-75-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/29158919/table-76-kaleidoscope-of-gathering-at-keinsmerbrug-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/45037511/table_076.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-24704495-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cd0dea5b767cf4d30ea0958e43ece7a7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45037511,"asset_id":24704495,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45037511/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="24704495"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24704495"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24704495; 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This publication aims to disseminate the comprehensive data and interpretations generated through collaborative research efforts, thereby contributing to the understanding of Late Neolithic agricultural societies."},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24704495/A_kaleidoscope_of_gathering_at_Keinsmerbrug_the_Netherlands_Late_Neolithic_behavioural_variabiltity_in_a_dynamic_landscape_Nederlandse_Archeologische_Rapporten","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-04-24T02:23:33.983-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2022154,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":19412073,"work_id":24704495,"tagging_user_id":2022154,"tagged_user_id":8049235,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"r***r@icloud.com","affiliation":"Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands","display_order":0,"name":"Roel Lauwerier","title":"A kaleidoscope of gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands): Late Neolithic behavioural variabiltity in a dynamic landscape. 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An extended broad spectrum of papers presented to Leendert Louwe Kooijmans" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Between Foraging and Farming. An extended broad spectrum of papers presented to Leendert Louwe Kooijmans</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/HarryFokkens">Harry Fokkens</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A 'liber amicorum' for Prof. Dr. L.P. Louwe Kooijmans, on the occasion of his valedictory address...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A 'liber amicorum' for Prof. Dr. L.P. Louwe Kooijmans, on the occasion of his valedictory address at 13th of June 2008. The book contains 23 papers on the Mesolithic/Neolithic transition and the Neolithic in itself. Together with the presentation of the book and Louwe Kooijmans' address we organised a small 'scientific farewell party' to which many other notable scholars on the Mesolithic and Neolithic of Europe contributed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="188793"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="188793"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 188793; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=188793]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=188793]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 188793; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='188793']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=188793]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":188793,"title":"Between Foraging and Farming. 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THEUNISSEN (eds.) A kaleidoscope of gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic behavioural variability in a dynamic landscape. NAR 043. p. 35-56</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">At this site 291 sherds were found that were suitable for analysis. Macroscopic analysis showed g...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">At this site 291 sherds were found that were suitable for analysis. Macroscopic analysis showed great variation in the technological characteristics and decoration. There are three classes of ware: a thin-walled ware tempered with grog, sand, quartz and/or plant; a coarse-walled ware containing grog, sand, red granite and granite temper; and the finest and smallest ware, which is smoothed on the outside, medium thick-walled and frequently tempered with stone grit. Eleven of the 19 vessels are decorated. The decorated thin-walled vessels are comparable to Van der Waals and Glasbergen types 1d, 1e 1a or 2IIb and the zigzag type.  The decorated coarse-walled vessels show fingertip impressions. The observed technological variety can be explained by differences in the origins of the vessels. 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","more_info":"BECKERMAN, S.M., 2012.","ai_title_tag":"Ceramics of the Corded Ware Culture","publication_name":"In: SMIT, B.I., BRINKKEMPER, O., KLEIJNE, J.P., LAUWERIER, R.C.G.M., \u0026 E.M. THEUNISSEN (eds.) A kaleidoscope of gathering at Keinsmerbrug (the Netherlands). Late Neolithic behavioural variability in a dynamic landscape. NAR 043. p. 35-56"},"translated_abstract":"At this site 291 sherds were found that were suitable for analysis. Macroscopic analysis showed great variation in the technological characteristics and decoration. There are three classes of ware: a thin-walled ware tempered with grog, sand, quartz and/or plant; a coarse-walled ware containing grog, sand, red granite and granite temper; and the finest and smallest ware, which is smoothed on the outside, medium thick-walled and frequently tempered with stone grit. Eleven of the 19 vessels are decorated. 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","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2340119/Ceramics_from_Keinsmerbrug_A_Corded_Ware_Culture_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-12-29T18:49:43.845-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":324649,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":10811279,"work_id":2340119,"tagging_user_id":324649,"tagged_user_id":61854,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***e@gmail.com","affiliation":"University of Groningen","display_order":0,"name":"Jos Kleijne","title":"Ceramics from Keinsmerbrug (A Corded Ware Culture wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)"},{"id":10811280,"work_id":2340119,"tagging_user_id":324649,"tagged_user_id":8049235,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"r***r@icloud.com","affiliation":"Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands","display_order":4194304,"name":"Roel Lauwerier","title":"Ceramics from Keinsmerbrug (A Corded Ware Culture wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)"},{"id":10811281,"work_id":2340119,"tagging_user_id":324649,"tagged_user_id":2022154,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***n@cultureelerfgoed.nl","affiliation":"Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands","display_order":6291456,"name":"Liesbeth Theunissen","title":"Ceramics from Keinsmerbrug (A Corded Ware Culture wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)"},{"id":27640356,"work_id":2340119,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":1014628,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***s@rug.nl","affiliation":"University of Groningen","display_order":7340032,"name":"Hans Peeters","title":"Ceramics from Keinsmerbrug (A Corded Ware Culture wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)"},{"id":27640357,"work_id":2340119,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":498338,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***n@arch.leidenuniv.nl","affiliation":"Universiteit Leiden","display_order":7864320,"name":"Annelou Van Gijn","title":"Ceramics from Keinsmerbrug (A Corded Ware Culture wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)"},{"id":27640358,"work_id":2340119,"tagging_user_id":61854,"tagged_user_id":209674,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"g***0@gmail.com","affiliation":"Forest Research, Forestry Commission","display_order":8126464,"name":"Gary Nobles","title":"Ceramics from Keinsmerbrug (A Corded Ware Culture wetland settlement site in the Netherlands)"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32362504,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32362504/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"KeinsmerbrugCeramics.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32362504/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ceramics_from_Keinsmerbrug_A_Corded_Ware.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32362504/KeinsmerbrugCeramics-libre.pdf?1391526590=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCeramics_from_Keinsmerbrug_A_Corded_Ware.pdf\u0026Expires=1743656801\u0026Signature=KzxD2KDI3fbevsVXFAz3M0PfpIbRifgCfVcD45WyUGwHCH6LNu26qt0DYmKeWGWyRPhZLOKZ8VC1vfA9FXAYSnPB5ETJ95IlmYFt0yME8aygTP4rpYpMAv-eEoVrGWZW0N1n~e95c8XukfybnJm9yPqDqmb7DasnzNBbksh38i3-NOYnxmgDLWiMN1OY3~o55D2UDgW4NYAaw~S88gn2Mxj1zS3HK~7L9S9zXjOyxsAGJ14mG4yQsROrijr-~aB5I~lFo7nkEQjpUCJ6x0rgtFV0etVMbTMpjWm8BtYwMSn3QvQD4vIeivp1Gsc9QUDD4wz212J6cyAgBzV4BbMnwg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Ceramics_from_Keinsmerbrug_A_Corded_Ware_Culture_wetland_settlement_site_in_the_Netherlands_","translated_slug":"","page_count":33,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"At this site 291 sherds were found that were suitable for analysis. Macroscopic analysis showed great variation in the technological characteristics and decoration. There are three classes of ware: a thin-walled ware tempered with grog, sand, quartz and/or plant; a coarse-walled ware containing grog, sand, red granite and granite temper; and the finest and smallest ware, which is smoothed on the outside, medium thick-walled and frequently tempered with stone grit. Eleven of the 19 vessels are decorated. The decorated thin-walled vessels are comparable to Van der Waals and Glasbergen types 1d, 1e 1a or 2IIb and the zigzag type. The decorated coarse-walled vessels show fingertip impressions. The observed technological variety can be explained by differences in the origins of the vessels. People from different places apparently used this site and brought their own pottery. ","owner":{"id":324649,"first_name":"Sandra","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Beckerman","page_name":"SandraBeckerman","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2011-02-06T23:21:30.455-08:00","display_name":"Sandra Beckerman","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/SandraBeckerman"},"attachments":[{"id":32362504,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32362504/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"KeinsmerbrugCeramics.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32362504/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ceramics_from_Keinsmerbrug_A_Corded_Ware.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32362504/KeinsmerbrugCeramics-libre.pdf?1391526590=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCeramics_from_Keinsmerbrug_A_Corded_Ware.pdf\u0026Expires=1743656801\u0026Signature=KzxD2KDI3fbevsVXFAz3M0PfpIbRifgCfVcD45WyUGwHCH6LNu26qt0DYmKeWGWyRPhZLOKZ8VC1vfA9FXAYSnPB5ETJ95IlmYFt0yME8aygTP4rpYpMAv-eEoVrGWZW0N1n~e95c8XukfybnJm9yPqDqmb7DasnzNBbksh38i3-NOYnxmgDLWiMN1OY3~o55D2UDgW4NYAaw~S88gn2Mxj1zS3HK~7L9S9zXjOyxsAGJ14mG4yQsROrijr-~aB5I~lFo7nkEQjpUCJ6x0rgtFV0etVMbTMpjWm8BtYwMSn3QvQD4vIeivp1Gsc9QUDD4wz212J6cyAgBzV4BbMnwg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":16007,"name":"Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Analysis_Archaeology_"},{"id":24827,"name":"Ceramics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics_Archaeology_"},{"id":25605,"name":"Corded Ware Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corded_Ware_Culture"},{"id":32801,"name":"Wetland Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetland_Archaeology"},{"id":49183,"name":"Neolithic Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Ceramics"},{"id":79466,"name":"Prehistoric ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_ceramics"},{"id":142026,"name":"Glockenbecher","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glockenbecher"},{"id":208870,"name":"Prehistoric Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Pottery"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2340119-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2574871"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2574871/Odyssee_in_de_breedte_Verslag_van_het_NWO_Odyssee_programma_kortlopend_onderzoek_Odyssee_een_oplossing_in_de_breedte_de_1000_onuitgewerkte_sites_die_tot_een_substanti%C3%ABle_kennisvermeerdering_kunnen_leiden_digitaal_beschikbaar_ODYK_09_13"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Odyssee in de breedte. Verslag van het NWO Odyssee programma, kortlopend onderzoek: ‘Odyssee, een oplossing in de breedte: de 1000 onuitgewerkte sites, die tot een substantiële kennisvermeerdering kunnen leiden, digitaal beschikbaar!’ ‐ ODYK‐09‐13" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2574871/Odyssee_in_de_breedte_Verslag_van_het_NWO_Odyssee_programma_kortlopend_onderzoek_Odyssee_een_oplossing_in_de_breedte_de_1000_onuitgewerkte_sites_die_tot_een_substanti%C3%ABle_kennisvermeerdering_kunnen_leiden_digitaal_beschikbaar_ODYK_09_13">Odyssee in de breedte. Verslag van het NWO Odyssee programma, kortlopend onderzoek: ‘Odyssee, een oplossing in de breedte: de 1000 onuitgewerkte sites, die tot een substantiële kennisvermeerdering kunnen leiden, digitaal beschikbaar!’ ‐ ODYK‐09‐13</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="79f77168badbf23e7f269a859567bc74" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30585691,"asset_id":2574871,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30585691/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2574871"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2574871"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2574871; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2574871]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2574871]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2574871; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2574871']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "79f77168badbf23e7f269a859567bc74" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2574871]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2574871,"title":"Odyssee in de breedte. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-2574871-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="299553"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/299553/Approaching_High_Flux_Interaction_Pottery_identity_and_overseas_contacts_in_the_later_Early_and_Middle_Bronze_Age_2000_1200_cal_BC_of_North_West_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Approaching High Flux Interaction: Pottery, identity and overseas contacts in the later Early and Middle Bronze Age (2000-1200 cal BC) of North West Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/1423539/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/299553/Approaching_High_Flux_Interaction_Pottery_identity_and_overseas_contacts_in_the_later_Early_and_Middle_Bronze_Age_2000_1200_cal_BC_of_North_West_Europe">Approaching High Flux Interaction: Pottery, identity and overseas contacts in the later Early and Middle Bronze Age (2000-1200 cal BC) of North West Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">My Leiden University MPhil thesis, concerning pottery production, identity and overseas interacti...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">My Leiden University MPhil thesis, concerning pottery production, identity and overseas interaction in the later Early and Middle Bronze Age of North West Europe.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-299553-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-299553-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103616/figure-1-approaching-high-flux-interaction-pottery-identity"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103621/figure-1-research-area-in-the-purple-box-the-specific-area"><img alt="Fig. 1.1 Research Area (in the purple box: the specific area of focus for this study, the southern North Sea and English Channel region; in the red box: the wider area of North West Europe). 1.9 opdtlal and Lemporal FraMeworKks The above described methodology will be applied to the pottery from a very specific time an place, namely the later Early and Middle Bronze Age of North West Europe. While many culture historical approaches have centred on the material culture from countries and the tracing of peoples into or from these modern countries, this, in my perspective, presents an anachronism based on nationalism. In order to overcome this nationalism it is necessary to analyse geographical areas as a whole. Therefore, the area on which this study is focused has been defined by a single entity: the water of the southern North Sea and English Channel. This research focuses on both the sea and the lands immediately adjacent to it. This comprise archaeological sites from north-western part of France, Belgium, the Southern and Western parts of the Netherlands and Southern Britain (fig. 1.1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103627/figure-1-comparative-chronological-for-the-later-neolithic"><img alt="Fig. 1.2 Comparative chronological scheme for the later Neolithic and Bronze Age in Europe (after Fontijn 2002, fig. 1.4). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103631/figure-2-an-example-of-extreme-long-distance-exchange-of"><img alt="Fig. 2.1 An example of extreme long-distance exchange of objects and ideas, as envisaged by Kristiansen anc Larsson (2005, fig. 96). European Bronze Age. This interpretational framework thus finds its way through the 20" century, into much of the work of Kristiansen and others. Specifically, in Kristiansen’s and Larsson’s terms, elites are created and maintained through networks of exchange of metalwork and exotic goods, as demonstrated by the distribution of bronzes and golden objects. The use of ritual and religion is guided by ritual specialists in the maintenance of their power relations! and a further element is the undertaking of long distance journeys by specific members of society. This last point is motivated by the recent emerging isotopic evidence, which shows that in many instances people travelled. Combining this with the tenuous evidence for exchange of ideas over extreme long distances (see fig. 2.1), they portray a society in which travel was prestigious, special, centred on elites and beneficiary for the reproduction of these elites. They take this argument from the anthropological work of Helms (1988, 1998). She interprets certain travelling enterprises as specific journeys for the acquisition of specialised knowledge by young members of society. These individuals, future leaders of the community, needed this knowledge to obtain their elite position in society. Thus, these journeys can be seen as specific rites of passage. This particular model, taken from comparative anthropology on a very specific (but nonetheless ill-understood) theme, suits the neo-Marxist agenda well. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103636/figure-2-the-relationship-between-geographical-distance-and"><img alt="Fig. 2.2 The relationship between geographical distance and status, as envisaged by Kristiansen and Larsson (2005, fig. 16), taken from the work of Helms (1998). A further point which is becoming evident when reading the work of Helms is the nature of the sea in the perception of the communities undertaking these journeys. On many occasions the sea is seen as a boundary, which has been there ever since and needs to be crossed in order to achieve special powers or acquire sacred and esoteric knowledge about distant lands. However, such an approach towards the sea is all but uniform across the anthropological literature. Anthropologists such as Gosden and Pavlides (1994), Palsson (1994), Ingold (2000) and others have highlighted the contextual nature of attitudes towards the sea, seascapes and seafaring practice. Thus before it is possible to use Helms’ work in the North West European Bronze Age, we should define the nature of the English Channel and North Sea in prehistory and get grip of past perceptions towards it. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103675/figure-4-right-example-of-coiling-in-dutch-early-neolithic"><img alt="Fig. 4.6 Right: example of coiling in Dutch Early Neolithic pottery (taken from Louwe Kooijmans 1976, fig. 9). Left: three different types of coiling and the attachment of coils onto one another (taken from Raemaekers 1999, 195). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103670/figure-4-overview-of-the-different-types-of-pottery-found-in"><img alt="Fig. 4.5 Overview of the different types of pottery, found in Northern France and Britain, based on their chronological and spatial relationships (taken from Marcigny et al. 2007, fig. 23.2). is these similarities, between Drakenstein/Laren style, fle Tatihou style and the British Deverel-Rimbury pottery which led Needham (2009) to the term of Channel Bronze Age. In retrospect, we can say that pottery types dating to the period 1500-1000 cal BC are mainly distinguished on the basis of vessel shapes, decoration motifs and current national borders. An overview of this is presented in fig. 4.5, where pottery types and their chronological relationships are set out. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103642/figure-6-problems-further-aspect-needs-to-be-considered-here"><img alt="problems. A further aspect needs to be considered here, as Needham (2009) does present an argument related to pottery evidence, although not as elaborate as the others. Skimming the pottery evidence, he sees linkages forged in similarities in decoration types and vessel shapes, but as he says: “...[c]eramic inter-comparisons throughout the maritory will (...) require very close scrutiny...” (2009, 30) His handling of the ceramic evidence, however, as the model requires, is destined to be in terms of information exchanges. This also comes forward in general Overviews on pottery in this period and region, such as by Gibson (2002). These works do acknowledge the existence of links in the ceramic repertoire, but not the complexities and their significance. Similarly, Tomalin (19837, 1988) has tried to relate pottery and people in the Southern British Early Bronze Age, from a perspective of diffusion through the exchange of ideas and movement of people. A recent continental contribution that relates to this is Marcigny et al. (2007). These researchers are primarily concerned with pottery chronology and similarities in pottery decoration motifs from a culture historical, diffusionist, perspective in which ‘pottery equates people’, seeing pottery styles as representing the migration of people from and into Britain. While Needham does not state it as such, his maritory model is partly based on these culture historical interpretations of pottery evidence. Why using this culture historical approach towards pottery should be avoided will be outlined below. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103646/figure-3-general-chaine-opratoire-and-its-constraints"><img alt="Fig. 3.2 A general chaine opératoire and its constraints. CONSIOCTCd, PCMIPCT Lypes Val y lO a laree Fig. 3.2 A general chaine opeératoire and its constraints. degree between organic and inorganic temper. Organic tempers are, on most occasions, burned out the vessel during firing and thus invisible to the wider community, when the vessel is finished and being used. Inorganic, predominantly stone, tempers are durable and thus visible to outsiders. As Gosselain (2000) notes, on these occasions, tempering choice is a salient stage and the outside community can influence the potter in his choices. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103654/figure-8-cee-nina-seed-send-diner-rats-ct-nie-fy-rn-mee-coun"><img alt="cee NINA SEED SEND, DINER R RATS ct NIE Fy RN Mee COUN Be PERN REIN, DCRR DEE MAES NE: RE RSet AE ES NEE and social identity to the problems of particular relevance for this thesis? And secondly, how should we understand this rather vague notion of ‘social identity’? The second of these questions will be dealt with in chapter 6. The first question however can be summarized here. For this study, the Bronze Age pottery evidence from the area around the North Sea will be assessed, considering the aspects of production outlined above. Until now, as we have seen in chapter 2, much research onto the Bronze Age pottery has remained theoretically undeveloped. In order to contextualise this type of evidence in light of new culture historical ideas, looking directly at the relationship between pottery and people, I proposed a production point of view. From the above it has become clear that some aspects of pottery production directly link pottery and people. Most notably, the practices of forming and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103656/figure-3-general-cultural-biography-for-the-study-of-pottery"><img alt="Fig. 3.4 A general cultural biography for the study of pottery. 3.0.2 Fracuice creates identity More importantly, social actions not only give meaning to objects, but also to people. In this way they govern the processes headed under the name of identity, as several other scholars have pointed out (e.g. Jones 1997; Sgrensen 1997). Gosselain (2000) accepts this notion and uses it with regard to the construction of identity on the basis of pottery production specifically, as we have seen. This notion, based on social theory, shows “...the interactive, heterogeneous, and dynamic nature of the processes through which a “We” is constructed by opposition to a significant “They” (...) and look[s] for the materialisation of such processes in archaeological assemblages...” (Gosselain 2000, 188) Practice theory and the creation of identity can similarly be applied to studies of pottery use and deposition. Thus, practices leading to the construction of identity, combined with an analysis of the general cultural biography of later Early and Middle Bronze Age pottery (its use life and deposition), brings us back to the ‘pottery equates people’ paradigm for the second time (see fig. 3.4). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103659/figure-4-vessels-from-the-netherlands-decorated-with-barbed"><img alt="Fig. 4.1 Vessels from the Netherlands, decorated with Barbed Wire Impressions (taken from Modderman 1955, figs. 1 and 4, vessels are depicted at different scales). Lowest left vessel is also decorated with a false rim. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103660/figure-4-chronological-development-of-vessel-shapes-in-the"><img alt="Fig. 4.2 Chronological development of vessel shapes in the Beaker and partly the later Early Bronze Age (2500- 1700 cal BC), taken from Needham (2005, fig. 13). Next to the development in Beaker pottery, in the period of 2000-1800 cal BC, Needham (2005) sees the continuing (biconical) potting tradition from the Late Neolithic Grooved Ware period (3000-2500 cal BC). According to Needham (2005), based primarily on the work of Tomalin (1983), this is exemplified by the re-emergence of biconically shaped pottery (see fig. 4.2). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103665/figure-4-various-styles-of-later-early-bronze-age-biconical"><img alt="Fig. 4.3 Various styles of later Early Bronze Age biconical urns from the Continent (various scales; upper left (Hilversum urn): taken from Fokkens 2003, fig. 6; lower left (Hilversum urn): taken from Fokkens 2001, fig. 4; upper and lower right (Eramecourt style vessels): taken from Blanchet 1985, fig. 44.3 and 44.8). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103668/figure-4-overview-of-the-different-middle-bronze-age-cal-bc"><img alt="Fig. 4.4 Overview of the different Middle Bronze Age (1500-1000 cal BC) pottery styles in the Low Countries “Hilversum” denotes the evidence of Drakenstein/Laren pottery in the southern parts of the Netherlands (taken from Fokkens, 2001, fig. 1). 3etween 1500 and 1000 cal BC new changes in the pottery styles emerge. For Southern sritain, several regional styles have been discerned by Ellison (1975) on the basis of lecoration motifs and patterning, differences in temper and regional exchange networks elated to metalwork exchange (see also Ellison 1980). Generally these different pottery style re headed under Deverel-Rimbury type pottery. Other types of pottery, the Green Knowe tyle in Northern Britain (Burgess 1995), the East Anglian Ardleigh group (Brown 1995), anc ater Trevisker Ware in Southwest Britain (Parker Pearson 1995), are similarly discerned on he basis of differences in, and absence of, specific decoration motifs. On the Continent, a imilar regionalisation in the characterisation of pottery styles was argued for. The 1oogkarspel-Oud, Elp and Drakenstein/Laren styles of pottery (resp. Brandt 1988; Van Beek 1001; Theunissen 1999; see also Fokkens 2003) are divided on the basis of differences in lecoration motifs and spatial patterning. Decoration is absent on Hoogkarspel-Oud pottery, lear absent on Elp pottery (only scarce fingernail impressions have been found) and occurs mly infrequent on Drakenstein/Laren pottery (applied cordons, incised lines and nail mpressions). Spatially, Hoogkarspel-Oud pottery is limited to the West Frisian area, Elp yottery to the Eastern and Northern area and Drakenstein/Laren to the rest of the Low Sountries (Fokkens 2003; see also fig. 4.4). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103680/figure-4-explanation-of-the-differences-in-the-british-later"><img alt="Fig. 4.7 Explanation of the differences in the British later Early and Middle Bronze Age pottery typology (taken from White et al. 1985, fig. 18). Thirdly, another body of research which might be of interest here is the vessel shape or final form. This particular variable is in itself the outcome of the specific forming techniques used by the potter. The process of achieving a certain vessel type, can relate to different ways of manufacturing a vessel. This is seen most clearly in the primary forming phase. Thus whether different forming techniques were employed to achieve different vessel types will be a question worth asking. Distinguishing between two different typologies, their relative value, in relation to forming techniques, will be assessed. The British later Early and Middle Bronze Age pottery typology is primarily based on the shape of vessels. In the present day scholars distinguish between s-shaped beakers, biconical vessels and globular, bucket and barrel shaped vessels (e.g. Needham 2005; Smith 1961; Ellison 1975; see fig. 4.7). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103686/figure-17-next-to-the-primary-forming-of-the-vessel-other"><img alt="Next to the primary forming of the vessel, other techniques, called the secondary forming techniques, produce the final shape of the vessel. Beating, scraping, trimming, shaving, turning and smoothing are the techniques employed in this stage. For the Bronze Age of North West Europe, studies focusing on these techniques are absent. The evidence for smoothing has been noted by some (e.g. Ten Anscher 1990, 54), but detailed and systematic investigations have been lacking for pottery in the Low Countries and the British Isles. For northern France, Manem (2008) has recently shown that the smoothing of pottery occurred. In a systematically executed study, he found evidence for smoothing and polishing in almost all chaines opératoires. Evidence for batting with a paddle and anvil were limited to the settlement at Ile Tatihou (chaine opératoire Tal.2). The evidence for secondary forming techniques presents us with another variable. In addition to this, evidence for the smoothing of pottery will also be addressed in the wider set-up literature study on decoration techniques (see paragraph 4.3.2). This exercise will function in reviewing and the bringing together of the knowledge on this particular secondary forming method. Whatever forming method was used, the wall of the vessel always had to pass through the hands of the potter. It can thus be said that motor habits, related to how to position the hands in relation to the wall, govern the thickness of the wall. Thus, the wall thickness might be a " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103691/figure-4-indication-of-the-forming-of-vessel-by-means-of"><img alt="Fig. 4.9 Indication of the forming of a vessel by means of applying strips of clay. This indicates the use of the variable ‘wall thickness’ in studying pottery forming (taken from Van der Leeuw 1976, fig 3.1). 4.2.2 Forming: introducing the case studies® For the study of forming in Bronze Age ceramics, I looked at four different habitation sites from the period 2000 cal BC — 1000 cal BC (see appendix 2 (for the raw data). In addition to that, to contextualise the small fragments of pottery generally recovered from such sites, I analysed several complete, or nearly complete burial urns dating to the same period. The sites in Britain I looked at are Shearplace Hill, Sydling, St. Nicholas, Dorset (Rahtz/ApSimon 1962; Avery/Close-Brooks 1969) and Poundbury Camp, Dorset (Green et al. 1987) at Dorchester Museum, Dorset. The burial urns I looked at, for reference, also form part of the collection of the Dorchester Museum (see appendix 1, compiled by Dr. A. Woodward, for a list of the urns and their reference). The Dutch sites I looked at are Noordzeekanaal, Velsen (Clason 1974; Vons 1970, 1975) and Waterland, Velsen (Vons 1971, for both sites see fig. 4.10) of which the material was stored at both the Provincial Depot for Archaeology of North Holland and the depot of the Velsen amateur archaeologists community (see table 4.1 for an overview). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103694/figure-4-the-two-case-studies-located-in-the-netherlands-the"><img alt="Fig. 4.10 The two case studies located in the Netherlands. The red dot indicates Velsen * Noordzeekanaal/Stationsweg; blue dot indicates Velsen * Waterland (adapted from Clason 1974, fig. 1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103697/figure-20-approaching-high-flux-interaction-pottery-identity"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103700/figure-4-an-overview-of-the-reconstructed-settlement"><img alt="Fig. 4.12 An overview of the reconstructed settlement evidence found at the site Poundbury, Dorchester dating to the Bronze Age (taken from Green et al. 1987, fig. 18). The site Poundbury, situated only a few miles from Shearplace Hill, was excavated in the advance of construction work. Certain constraints were thus inevitable in the investigation of the site. The main period of use was in the Roman period, when a cemetery and a small scale settlement developed next to the military fort of Poundbury. Use in the post-Roman period was restricted to settlement and agricultural activities. Before the Roman occupation started, a native settlement, with features dateable to the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age, was present. Late Neolithic features (phase 1A) are restricted to shallow flint quarries and pits, containing Grooved Ware pottery and cereal grains and hazelnuts. No structural evidence of any sort dating to this period was found. Bronze Age occupation (phase 1B-1D) consists of several pits, clusters of pits and ditches (fig. 4.12) A possible enclosure dates to phase 1B, while two unusual rectangular structures date to phases 1C and 1D. Rectangular structure BA2 is successive to BAI and both consist of a series of posts in shallow ditches. Most of the pottery material is derived from this two phased structure of Middle Bronze Age date (C-14 dated to 3380 +/- 70 BP; HAR-993). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103711/figure-4-the-excavation-of-velsen-oordzeekanaal-taking-place"><img alt="Fig. 4.13 The excavation of Velsen * N oordzeekanaal taking place. The Middle Bronze Age layer of occupation, between two layers of dune sand, is well visible (photo by Piet Vons, under courtesy of AWN Velsen). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103723/figure-4-the-chronological-development-of-occupation-at-the"><img alt="Fig. 4.14 The chronological development of occupation at the site Velsen * Noordzeekanaal/Stationsweg (taken from Clason 1974, fig 2). Under harsh circumstances (fig. 4.13) excavations revealed habitation layers of occupationa debris and agricultural activities separated from each other by windblown sand. The habitation layers at this site consist of several soils, many of which were tilted by the ard an in some instances possibly manured (Bakels 1997) and used for agricultural purposes. Belo’ these soils, in the dune sand, postholes and pits were found in several layers. From these features and the cultivated soils on top, many archaeological remains were found; worked bone fragments (Clason 1974), flint fragments, fragments of amber and amber manufacture (Vons 1970) and pottery remains. Radiocarbon dating has led to the appreciation of the chronology of the site (fig. 4.14). In general, the habitation layers show a continuous development in the Early and Middle Bronze Age, in several distinct phases of occupation. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103728/figure-4-sherd-from-velsen-waterland-showing-the-typical"><img alt="Fig. 4.15 A sherd from Velsen * Waterland, showing the typical characteristic N-type of coil attachment (photo by the author). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103730/figure-4-bar-chart-showing-the-relationship-between-wall"><img alt="Fig. 4.16 Bar chart showing the relationship between wall thickness and site. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103778/figure-4-distribution-of-sites-dating-to-period-cal-bc"><img alt="Fig. 4.38 Distribution of sites dating to period 5 (1200-800 cal BC). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103780/figure-5-overview-of-the-different-kinds-of-objects"><img alt="Fig. 5.1 Overview of the different kinds of objects associated with the Atlantic Bronze Age “feasting complex” (taken from Bowman/Needham 2005, fig. 11). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103782/figure-50-approaching-high-flux-interaction-pottery-identity"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103732/figure-4-histogram-showing-the-frequency-of-different"><img alt="Figure 4.17 Histogram showing the frequency of different thicknesses in vessel walls. Overall, differences in wall thickness are normal distributed over the four sites (see fig. 4.17). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103733/figure-4-bar-chart-showing-the-relationship-between-coil"><img alt="Fig. 4.17 Bar Chart showing the relationship between coil attachment and wall thickness. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103735/figure-4-several-examples-of-applied-cordon-motifs-taken"><img alt="Fig. 4.18 Several examples of applied cordon motifs (taken from Fokkens 2003, fig. 12). LOCINMOUUS, PUUCLY Vesslls WELO HIDE sstud UY WICAaAHs Ul UdLUCU WILUS, CUIUDS, LIUEeLUups alu fingernails. Research into cord impressed technique of decorating pottery has concentrated on the possib links with basketry and other forms of skeuomorphism (see Manby 1995; Hurcombe 2008). Incision took place by means of cutting clay away in both linear and wavy line motifs. Studi of these decoration techniques have concentrated on patterning and the recognition of certain motifs. The third technique which was used widely between 2000 and 1000 cal BC, is application. Bands of clay were applied in the distinct shape of horseshoe handles (see fig. 4.3) and in linear configurations; so-called cordons (see fig. 4.18). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103737/figure-4-impressed-pairs-of-fingernails-on-pottery-fragment"><img alt="Fig. 4.19 Impressed pairs of fingernails on a pottery fragment from Velsen * Waterland (photo by Martin Veen courtesy PDBNH). In discerning the techniques that were used in the practice of decorating pottery, I subdivided the three general techniques described in chapter 3 (application, impression and incision). While some decoration techniques are obvious, other subdivisions need a further explanation. The techniques of barbed wire and cord impression are clear. Barbed wire is generally impressed in strokes and lines, while cord impression is applied both in strokes and in complex motifs. Paired nail impressions are specific impressions where both the nail of the thumb and the nail of the pointing finger are impressed in the wet clay, creating a pinched impression (see fig. 4.19). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103738/figure-4-overview-of-all-dated-sites-and-their-designation"><img alt="Fig. 4.20 Overview of all C-14 dated sites and their designation to a specific period (0: red; 1: green; 2: blue; 3: purple; 4: yellow; 5: light blue). It is evident that most sites where pottery decoration has been dated, date to periods 2, 3 and 4 (2000-1200 cal BC), which thus also forms the focus of this analysis and represent a chronologically balanced picture. Spatially, French and Belgian sites are underrepresented, which is mostly caused by the lack of a detailed radiocarbon based chronology for the French and Belgian Bronze Age. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103740/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-barbed-wire"><img alt="Fig. 4.21 Distribution of dated sites with barbed wire impressed decoration (green: present; red: absent). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103743/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-cord-impressed"><img alt="Fig. 4.22 Distribution of dated sites with cord impressed decoration (green: present; red: absent). Cord impressed decoration is known from sites in Ireland (Brindley 2007), Britain (e.g. Longworth 1984; Tomalin 1995), the western and southern parts of the Netherlands (e.g. Ten Anscher 1990; Theunissen 1999), Belgium (e.g. Warmenbol 2004) and northern France (e.g. Briard 1981). Sites that have produced radiocarbon dates are also found in these areas (see fig. 4.22). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103745/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-paired-nail"><img alt="Fig. 4.23 Distribution of dated sites with paired nail impression decoration (green: present; red: absent). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103747/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-false-rim"><img alt="Fig. 4.24 Distribution of dated sites with false rim decoration (green: present; red: absent). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103749/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-applied-cordon"><img alt="Fig. 4.25 Distribution of dated sites with applied cordon decoration (green: present; red: absent). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103750/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-pulled-out-cordon"><img alt="Fig. 4.26 Distribution of dated sites with pulled out cordon decoration (green: present; red: absent). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103752/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-nail-impressed"><img alt="Fig. 4.27 Distribution of dated sites with nail impressed decoration (green: present; red: absent). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103754/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-punch-impressed"><img alt="Fig. 4.28 Distribution of dated sites with punch impressed decoration (green: present; red: absent). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103757/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-incised-line"><img alt="Fig. 4.29 Distribution of dated sites with incised line decoration (green: present; red: absent). A more general distribution, probably extending beyond the research area, is achieved by th incised line decoration (see fig. 4.29). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103761/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-handles-green"><img alt="Fig. 4.30 Distribution of dated sites with handles (green: present; red: absent). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103764/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-pulled-out-rim"><img alt="Fig. 4.31 Distribution of dated sites with a pulled out rim (green: present; red: absent). A rim pulled in or out, is not a spatially distinct feature, as it occurs in the British Isles and on the Continent (see fig. 4.31). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103766/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-horseshoe-handle"><img alt="Fig. 4.32 Distribution of dated sites with horseshoe handle decoration (green: present; red: absent). Glasbergen 1954; Theunissen 1999), Belgium (e.g. Warmenbol 2004) and northern France (e.g. Blanchet 1984; Briard 1981). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103769/figure-4-distribution-of-dated-sites-with-reported-evidence"><img alt="Fig. 4.33 Distribution of dated sites with reported evidence for smoothing (green: present; red: absent). The smoothing of pottery, using nail plates or small pebbles, has been reported from all across the research area. This of course is not a decorative technique, but in the literature survey, this variable was nonetheless taken into account, in order to assess the validity of the data concerning forming methods (see paragraph 4.2). Whether this distribution extends beyond the research area, is unknown at present and only the reported evidence for smoothing is known and presented (see fig. 4.33). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103772/figure-4-distribution-of-sites-dating-to-period-cal-bc-for"><img alt="Fig. 4.34 Distribution of sites dating to period | (2200-2000 cal BC). For period 1 (2200-2000 cal BC) eleven dated sites yielding pottery vessels with distinct decoration, are known from the research area; it is in this period that earliest dating evidence for barbed wire impressed decoration (2 out of 11 sites), cord impressed decoration (5 sites) and ‘false rims’ (4 sites) appears in the archaeological record. Also, horseshoe handles have been found on pottery from three sites in this period. From Ireland, the earliest Collared Urn (Harristown 3, Waterford) is known. Also, infrequently, nail impressions and punched impressions have been found (see fig. 4.34). For many sites the evidence for smoothing of the outer wall of the vessels has been appreciated by researchers (5 sites). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103773/figure-4-distribution-of-sites-dating-to-period-cal-bc"><img alt="Fig. 4.35 Distribution of sites dating to period 2 (2000-1800 cal BC). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103775/figure-4-distribution-of-sites-dating-to-period-cal-bc"><img alt="Fig. 4.36 Distribution of sites dating to period 3 (1800-1500 cal BC). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103776/figure-4-distribution-of-sites-dating-to-period-cal-bc"><img alt="Fig. 4.37 Distribution of sites dating to period 4 (1500-1200 cal BC). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103785/figure-51-in-funerary-contexts-in-the-low-countries-pottery"><img alt="In funerary contexts in the Low Countries, pottery was still deposited as urn for the containing of cremated remains. Urns are found mainly in upright position and open. In this period fewer barrows are constructed (Bourgeois/Arnoldussen 2006). Pottery deposition in the funerary context thus shifts towards interment as later insertion in earlier barrows. In Britain, instead of later insertions in ancestral mounds, large scale cemeteries develop. At one of these cemeteries, Simons Ground in Dorset, statistical analysis of the pottery and its relation to the spatial organisation of the cemetery has been executed (Ellison in White 1982). From this study it can be concluded that generalisations are difficult to make. Inverted urns occur in all clusters and are not related to the date of the cremation or the sex of the person cremated. There is also no direct correlation between the pottery typology and the spatial organisation of the cemetery. From France, no data with regard to pottery deposition in funerary contexts is known. Ad Cr wa . 1 4 Cr 4 ve Cr Ly 1 ele . a 4 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103789/figure-7-graph-showing-the-rise-in-sea-level-relative-to-the"><img alt="Fig. 7.1 Graph showing the rise in sea-level relative to the geographical region of the sample. Note for example the differences between curves for northwest Germany (yellow area) and Belgium (purple area; taken from Vink et al. 2007, fig. 6). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103793/figure-53-approaching-high-flux-interaction-pottery-identity"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103794/figure-7-different-body-of-research-mainly-executed-by-dutch"><img alt="A different body of research, mainly executed by Dutch scholars, relates the tidal range to sediment transport and the study of sandbank genesis. Van der Molen and Van Dijck (2000) modelled early Holocene wave heights and wave-induced sand transport and sedimentation evidence from the coastal region of the Netherlands and Belgium. Their study uses present day bathymetry data and the modelling of waves on the basis of both this bathymetric data, and the knowledge of the outcome on the present day continental coast. Isostatic effects are not accounted for in their model. The sand transport and sand erosion/deposition by tides are modelled for 8000 BP, 7500 BP, 6000 BP and the present day situation (see fig. 7.8-7.11; Van der Molen/Van Dijck 2000, 233-235). While their study is not on tides specifically, a general development of the tidal range can be inferred from their study. The development of the tides, from a stronger current on the western part of the southern North Sea-tidal bay around 8000 BP, towards a more centred and easterly based current around 7500 BP at a time when the land bridge was being eroded and submerged, towards a more stable situation around 6000 BP. This 6000 BP situation is less erosive in the southern North Sea, and thus less tidally active, than the present day situation. When looking at the transportation of sediment over the long term, Van der Molen and Van Dijck present an eastward evolution of beach barriers (Van der Molen/Van Dijck 2000, 234-235), such as already inferred from less detailed data and side information. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103796/figure-7-left-the-extent-of-the-ice-sheet-in-scandinavia-at"><img alt="Fig. 7.12 (left) The extent of the ice sheet in Scandinavia at the moment of colonisation by earliest hunter- gatherers (in grey; left image); 7.13 (right) the distribution of early hunter-gatherer sites on the coast of a specifi part of Norway (both taken from Bjerck 1995, fig. 5(left) and fig. 11(right)). /.4.1 Upper Faiaeolitnic and MeSONtNic Pperlod (LoOUUU Dr - QLUU/4UUU Cdl DU ) 7.4.1.1 Mobility The Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic period are characterised by colonisation. After the Last Glacial Maximum, the climate became warmer. Animals, including humans, moved into the new landscapes of North West Europe. These lands were until that time uninhabited. Thus the Lower Rhine Basin and Doggerland, extending into the island we now know as Britain were colonised at first. Colonisation of other, more geographically extreme parts of North West Europe, the coastal regions of Norway and the island of Ireland, occurred later in the Mesolithic, around respectively 9500 and 9000 cal BC (Bjerck 2009; Woodman 2003). The only way this later colonisation could have taken place, was by seafaring, as both the Irish Sea and the north eastern Atlantic were present at that point in time. Also, finds distribution maps from Norway show a predominantly coastal distribution with regard to the earliest occupation (see figs. 7.12 and 7.13), which can only be explained by regular visits crossing open seas. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103799/figure-7-distribution-of-the-durrington-type-of-jadeitite"><img alt="Fig. 7.14 Distribution of the Durrington type of Jadeitite axeheads; evidence for long distance exchange networks between the region of origin (south of the Alps) as far as Scotland, Denmark and Poland (taken from Pétrequin et al. 2008, fig. 22.7). Concluding, in the Mesolithic/Neolithic transition period, mobility remained high. Mobility was related to specific places in the landscape and movement through the landscape (as well as the sea). In the later Neolithic, movement became more structured, through bounded avenues, seasonal and otherwise temporally distinct occupational phases of certain ‘special’ houses and settlements (in contrast to the normal, ephemeral settlements of the later Neolithic). Still, the land and the sea were well known to communities living on both sides of the North Sea. Major changes in the North Sea and English Channel natural environment did not occur in this period, and thus the influence of the environment on overseas interaction is limited and a continuation of earlier practices is envisaged. As no finds of boats are known from this period (other than riverine logboats), it is suggested here that hide- and skin-built boats were still used for overseas mobility and interaction, and thus no changes in practices related to overseas interaction and seafaring took place. Other, material, evidence for oversea interaction in the Neolithic comes from the introduction of pottery and import of Jadeitite axes into Britain, from the Continent (e.g. Pailler/Sheridan 2009; Pétrequin et al. 2008, see fig. 7.14). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103803/figure-8-distribution-of-precious-cups-embossed-gold"><img alt="Fig. 8.1 Distribution of ‘precious cups’, embossed gold ornaments in the later Early Bronze Age (taken fron Needham 2009, fig. 2). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103805/figure-8-left-excavation-of-the-dover-boat-taken-from-clark"><img alt="Fig. 8.2 (left) excavation of the Dover boat (taken from Clark 2009, fig. 1.2) ; 8.3 (right) reconstruction of the Dover boat (taken from Clark 2009, fig. 1.3). Next to the exchange of metalwork, exotic materials, pottery, the maritory model is based on the evidence for a particular type of seafaring. Needham sees the Dover boat (see fig. 8.2 and 8.3), following Van de Noort (2006), as “...the craft that serviced the maritime networks of the earlier second millennium BC...” (Needham 2009) The construction of the Dover boat, and similar finds from Britain, by means of the stitching and sewing of planks in a complicated fashion proved to be an innovation for the Early Bronze Age. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103806/figure-8-cultural-unification-in-the-middle-bronze-age-from"><img alt="Fig. 8.4 Cultural unification in the Middle Bronze Age (from c. 1500 cal BC onwards; taken from Marcigny 2008, fig. 5). This emerging cultural unification itself is part of the larger emerging, more loose, cultural system of the Atlantic Bronze Age. Defined by Brun (1991) and re-assessed by several other scholars (Oliveira Jorge 1998), this Atlantic Bronze Age is possibly based on associations with feasting and studied primarily through typological analysis of metalwork. Most interesting is Needham and Bowman’s work on the distribution of bronze feasting equipment in North West Europe (Needham/Bowman 2005), taking a more practice oriented approach towards the construction of meanings. The specific ‘cultural unification’ of the Channel Bronze Age however, is more difficult to trace in Needham’s work. It is primarily based on earlier studies, such as the work of " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103809/figure-8-model-for-the-introduction-of-the-three-aisled"><img alt="Fig. 8.5 Model for the introduction of the three-aisled longhouse in the Netherlands. “...1D indicates the period that the two-aisled house plan still exists. At the end of that period (2A) the three-aisled plan develops, but apparently is not visible yet archaeologically. Only when the critical mass is reached (star) the development becomes ‘revolutionary’ fast and visible. Its momentum slows down in phase 2C and this type of building disappears in phase 2D. In that period a new development takes shape (small three aisled plans with roof bearing construction outside the wall) following the same pattern of innovation...” (Fokkens/Arnoldussen 2008, 12, fig. 1.8). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103814/figure-8-drawing-of-the-the-exloo-necklace-onsisting-of"><img alt="Fig. 8.6 Drawing of the the Exloo necklace, -onsisting of amber beads, tin beads (T), and a pronze bead (B; taken from Fontijn 2009, fig. 9.5) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103816/figure-8-in-general-the-middle-bronze-age-from-cal-bc"><img alt="In general, the Middle Bronze Age, from 1500 cal BC onwards, is the period in which sedentary communities developed. These communities structured the landscape and the seascape and developed a cosmology in which certain activities needed to be executed in certain places of the landscape. These communities structured the deposition of bronze objects, the burial of certain individuals, the use of arable fields for farming and the living alongside animals in large monumental longhouses. All these structuring principles were regionally defined, as indicated by for instance the structured deposition of metalwork in tl southern Netherlands (see fig. 8.9). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/figure_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103818/table-4-frimary-forming-technique-in-total-sherds-from-four"><img alt="4.2.9.1 Frimary forming technique In total 331 sherds, from four sites, were studied from four different sites. On 246 out of 331 sherds (74.3%), the method of forming was not visible. For the remaining 25.7%, 85 sherds, there were traces of the way the vessel had been formed. This is divided in 27 sherds from Shearplace Hill, 9 sherds from Poundbury, 17 sherds from Stationsweg and 32 sherds from Waterland (see table 4.2a). All of these sherds, 100%, showed evidence for forming by mean: of coils or rings (see table 4.2b). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103824/table-2-approaching-high-flux-interaction-pottery-identity"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103827/table-4-the-development-of-pottery-decoration-techniques-in"><img alt="Table 4.7 The development of pottery decoration techniques in the later Early and Middle Bronze Age of North West Europe pottery finds and dates from the whole of North West Europe. As the above analysis is still full of margins, the chronology produced here is one of tendencies. More radiocarbon dates, using statistics and contextual evidence in their foundation (Bayesian analysis; see Whittle et al. 2007), are essential to our understanding of pottery chronology and development in decoration techniques. Table 4.7 shows a summary of the analysis and development of pottery decorating traditions throughout the North West European Bronze Age. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103832/table-5-variables-used-in-the-analysis-of-pottery-deposition"><img alt="Table 5.1 Variables used in the analysis of pottery deposition. The practice of deposition of pottery can be divided in several variables. A number of scholars have argued for the intentional breakage of material culture at the end of its use life, possibly related to a ‘pars-pro-toto’ idea in the Bronze Age (e.g. Briick 2004). Therefore, the study of later Early and Middle Bronze Age pottery deposition revolves around recognising the existence or absence of this particular practice through time and space. Other studies have noted the placing of complete vessels in certain contexts (respectively inverted and closed vessels e.g. Jongste/Bloo 2002; Blanchet 1984). Following these studies, several variables have been selected (see table 5.1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103834/table-5-period-see-pottery-deposition-dating-between-and-cal"><img alt="Period 3 (see table 5.2b) Pottery deposition dating between 1800 and 1500 cal BC in Dutch domestic contexts shows continuation of the practice in the previous period. A problem for this period in the Low Countries lies in the identification of house plans and settlements (Arnoldussen 2008, 174- 185). The lack of distinctive characteristics of pottery from this period plays a major role in this problem. Two well dated non-funerary sites with a considerable amount of pottery fron the Netherlands are The Hague, Bronovo (Bulten et al. 2008) and Bloemendaal, Vogelenzai (Ten Anscher 1990). At these two sites, structural evidence is confined to clusters of pits. Other evidence for deposition of pottery has been noted by Arnoldussen (2008, table 8.1).”. Rhenen-Remmerden, for instance, a vessel, probably dating to this period, was buried inverted in a large pit. The original excavators already noted the special character of the deposition (Jongste/Bloo 2002). In Britain pottery deposition at domestic sites is continuing a similar vein as in the preceding period. Sherds of Biconical Urn and Collared Urn are sometimes found in pit clusters. At the Shaugh Moor settlement, a substantive assemblage Biconical Urn sherds has been found (Tomalin 1982) and at West Row Fen, sherds of Collared Urns were deposited in another tentative settlement context (Tomalin 1995). In Northern France, pottery deposition in a domestic context from this period is limited to two enclosure sites. At Etaples-Tubersent, two enclosures dating to this period were found. Here pottery deposition was random and consisted of mainly broken sherds. The second site, at Tatihou, comprised of a large system of ditches, dating to the period 1800-1500 cal BC (Marcigny/Ghesquiére 2003, 165; Marcigny et al. 2007, 257). At this site also a roundhous« has been reconstructed, possibly dating to this period (batiment 25, Marcigny/Ghesquiére 2003). Pottery deposition, consisting of sherds from broken vessels, occurred mainly in the ditches and no spatial pattern could be observed and these seemed to be no evidence to suggest special deposition of pottery sherds or vessels. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103837/table-8-pollog-sc-llaavis-in-the-low-countries-pottery"><img alt="POLLOG F (SC lLaAVIS J.LU ) In the Low Countries pottery deposition in a domestic context mainly takes place at well recognisable settlements and surrounding features. Again, Arnoldussen (2008, table 8.1) mentions several sites where pottery depositions of multiple sherds (complex deposits) and single vessels, both upright and inverted, occur on settlement sites. In Britain, Briick (1999c, 2001c) has pointed towards similar deposition of pottery at settlement sites. Pottery is deposited both as sherds and as whole vessels. Whole vessels are found both upright and inverted. In France, the practice of pottery deposition is well known from several domestic contexts in the northern coastal regions of Nord Pas-de-Calais, Picardy and Normandy. At Roeux, a settlement of two roundhouses and two ditches has been found (Desfossés et al. 2000). Here pottery has been deposited near the roundhouses and in ditches in a fairly geners way, broken and scattered. At Tatihou phase 2, the ditched settlement developed further. A settlement of several small rectangular houses appeared in the southern part of the research area (see fig. 5.2). Here pottery deposition was confined to the ditch around the house In funerary contexts from this period, pottery deposition in Britain continued, related to the inhumation (Food Vessels) and cremation (Biconical and Cordoned Urns) of persons. Also in the southern Netherlands, Belgium and northern France, pottery deposition in the funerary context was primarily in the form of urns associated with the practice of cremating human remains (e.g. Theunissen 1993; Blanchet 1984). In the northern and western Netherlands no cremated human remains are known from this period, and pottery does not seem to have been deposited in funerary contexts (Lohof 1994). Pottery deposition in funerary contexts in northern France has been studied by Blanchet (1984). He suggested that for the French Early Bronze Age (from 2000-1500 cal BC) a special type of funerary monument existed, combined with the pottery style, named after Eramecourt, the type site. Thus a continuation of the practice of depositing complete vessels, both in upright and inverted position, in sealed pits is envisaged. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103841/table-7-also-for-this-period-no-evidence-for-the-practice-of"><img alt="Also for this period, no evidence for the practice of pottery deposition in natural contexts, caves or swamps, could be found. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/1423539/table_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3103849/table-5-pottery-use-and-associated-aspects-of-identity"><img alt="Table 5.4 Pottery use and associated aspects of identity. Table 5.3 Pottery deposition and associated aspects of identity. 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(2018). The Beaker Phenomenon? Understanding the character and context of social practices in Ireland 2500-2000 BC. Leiden: Sidestone Press. 244 pages, 109 figures both black/white and colour. ISBN 978- 90-8890-463-9." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61005659/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40719462/Book_Review_of_Carlin_N_2018_The_Beaker_Phenomenon_Understanding_the_character_and_context_of_social_practices_in_Ireland_2500_2000_BC_Leiden_Sidestone_Press_244_pages_109_figures_both_black_white_and_colour_ISBN_978_90_8890_463_9">Book Review of: Carlin, N. (2018). The Beaker Phenomenon? Understanding the character and context of social practices in Ireland 2500-2000 BC. Leiden: Sidestone Press. 244 pages, 109 figures both black/white and colour. ISBN 978- 90-8890-463-9.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archäologische Informationen</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Early View: Zitierfähige Online-Fassung mit vorläufiger Seitenzählung. Nach Erscheinen des gedruc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Early View: Zitierfähige Online-Fassung mit vorläufiger Seitenzählung. 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Fokkens, B. Steffens and S. van As. Farmers, Fishers, Fowlers, Hunters: Knowledge Generated by Development-led Archaeology about the Late Neolithic, the Early Bronze Age and the Start of the Middle Bronze Age (2850–1500 cal BC) in the Netherlands" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57191286/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37238992/Book_Review_of_H_Fokkens_B_Steffens_and_S_van_As_Farmers_Fishers_Fowlers_Hunters_Knowledge_Generated_by_Development_led_Archaeology_about_the_Late_Neolithic_the_Early_Bronze_Age_and_the_Start_of_the_Middle_Bronze_Age_2850_1500_cal_BC_in_the_Netherlands">Book Review of H. Fokkens, B. Steffens and S. van As. Farmers, Fishers, Fowlers, Hunters: Knowledge Generated by Development-led Archaeology about the Late Neolithic, the Early Bronze Age and the Start of the Middle Bronze Age (2850–1500 cal BC) in the Netherlands</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Archaeology</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Review of a book about the scientific knowledge that was gained from developer-funded archaeology...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Review of a book about the scientific knowledge that was gained from developer-funded archaeology, in particular for the Late Neolithic, the Early Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age (between 2850 and 1500 BC) in the Netherlands.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2bd1ffa697ddec09274c3afb69fe6c65" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57191286,"asset_id":37238992,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57191286/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37238992"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37238992"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37238992; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37238992]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37238992]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37238992; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37238992']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2bd1ffa697ddec09274c3afb69fe6c65" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37238992]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37238992,"title":"Book Review of H. 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Haddock fishing in European prehistory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52339756/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/32088118/A_Billion_Blistering_Barnacles_Haddock_fishing_in_European_prehistory">A Billion Blistering Barnacles! Haddock fishing in European prehistory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Poster at the International Workshop in Kiel 2017, focusing on haddock remains on North West Euro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Poster at the International Workshop in Kiel 2017, focusing on haddock remains on North West European prehistoric settlements, and the implications for fishing strategies and subsistence.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="94e808e2a309ba847564609f38c4621a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":52339756,"asset_id":32088118,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52339756/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="32088118"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32088118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32088118; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32088118]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32088118]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32088118; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='32088118']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "94e808e2a309ba847564609f38c4621a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=32088118]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":32088118,"title":"A Billion Blistering Barnacles! 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The transformation of spatial interaction and material culture in Beaker contexts of the 3 rd Millennium BC in Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51218826/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30784493/Bell_Beaker_Workshop_Think_global_act_local_The_transformation_of_spatial_interaction_and_material_culture_in_Beaker_contexts_of_the_3_rd_Millennium_BC_in_Europe">Bell Beaker Workshop: Think global, act local! The transformation of spatial interaction and material culture in Beaker contexts of the 3 rd Millennium BC in Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" rel="nofollow" href="https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/JohannesM%C3%BCller">Johannes Müller</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/MartinFurholt">Martin Furholt</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The 3rd millennium BC in Europe is a period showing a new quality in the transregional distributi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The 3rd millennium BC in Europe is a period showing a new quality in the transregional distribution of material culture. What is more,<br />there is a more marked duality between the fragmented pattern of local styles and the new overarching transregional elements of material<br />culture, most notably expressed in archaeological terms by the Bell Beaker and Corded Ware phenomena. Such a duality, especially<br />marked by the concept of Bell Beakers and »Common Ware«, is surely not a total novelty. But the hitherto unknown width of distribution<br />of »global« Corded Ware, or Bell Beaker elements is evidence of a new character of this dialectic in the 3rd millennium BC.<br />In this workshop, we want to explore the background<br />of this new quality. To what extent is this re-arrangement of global and local frames of reference a consequence of a fundamental change in social organisation and economic practices? In how far does it reflect increased migration, new mobility patterns, or changing<br />networks of interaction? Or how can we disentangle the effect of different developments that might have lead to the culmination of the Neolithic sequence in European prehistory?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-30784493-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-30784493-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/31735156/figure-1-bell-beaker-workshop-think-global-act-local-the"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51218826/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-30784493-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1e81a8c4d68d547c1a406d074985711f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51218826,"asset_id":30784493,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51218826/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30784493"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30784493"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30784493; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30784493]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30784493]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30784493; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30784493']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1e81a8c4d68d547c1a406d074985711f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30784493]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30784493,"title":"Bell Beaker Workshop: Think global, act local! 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What is more,\nthere is a more marked duality between the fragmented pattern of local styles and the new overarching transregional elements of material\nculture, most notably expressed in archaeological terms by the Bell Beaker and Corded Ware phenomena. Such a duality, especially\nmarked by the concept of Bell Beakers and »Common Ware«, is surely not a total novelty. But the hitherto unknown width of distribution\nof »global« Corded Ware, or Bell Beaker elements is evidence of a new character of this dialectic in the 3rd millennium BC.\nIn this workshop, we want to explore the background\nof this new quality. To what extent is this re-arrangement of global and local frames of reference a consequence of a fundamental change in social organisation and economic practices? In how far does it reflect increased migration, new mobility patterns, or changing\nnetworks of interaction? Or how can we disentangle the effect of different developments that might have lead to the culmination of the Neolithic sequence in European prehistory?","owner":{"id":1182959,"first_name":"Johannes","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Müller","page_name":"JohannesMüller","domain_name":"uni-kiel","created_at":"2012-02-05T20:31:21.078-08:00","display_name":"Johannes Müller","url":"https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/JohannesM%C3%BCller"},"attachments":[{"id":51218826,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51218826/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Gobelets-Flyer-bea.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51218826/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Bell_Beaker_Workshop_Think_global_act_lo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51218826/Gobelets-Flyer-bea-libre.pdf?1483707290=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBell_Beaker_Workshop_Think_global_act_lo.pdf\u0026Expires=1743701717\u0026Signature=Nvu-~eOElOmHjHx0hiUFN-KnXr2ypwE4A~7Vn-LYjDn9p2WUrV0CZLIMoazlCdTWon~DtFc6PpoR45FtLwngJiie7Bphdts4y6xdhbmcxk5hkFhX9sHOO~UJ3LI~~DQ8S631-V66uszL2XdKh9L2SZ9HdlsEO5ZWK7wsm8jox7tp77zRlapEQsZDsaCw33o-IY-vEDV-QLXTp3DRDh1dmsL7yYdEnjVbC9FkdZGVWqg7fUOuQU~YjUNFAXjKEXkDzhiiBqySOHVXCPiB0rl5LSrffYfS4jNQeWHEsDl4rSgSHNcNlYuqs5iyoNLrMhlJG96GMaFt4HEeJJo7EzwqPg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_"},{"id":12591,"name":"Chalcolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":12721,"name":"Bell Beakers (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bell_Beakers_Archaeology_"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-30784493-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30678279"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30678279/Arch%C3%A9ologie_et_Gobelets_Meeting_2017_Kiel_Germany_CALL_FOR_PAPERS_Think_global_act_local_The_transformation_of_spatial_interaction_and_material_culture_in_Beaker_contexts_of_the_3_rd_Millennium_BC_in_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Archéologie et Gobelets Meeting, 2017, Kiel (Germany). CALL FOR PAPERS. Think global, act local! The transformation of spatial interaction and material culture in Beaker contexts of the 3 rd Millennium BC in Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51119363/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30678279/Arch%C3%A9ologie_et_Gobelets_Meeting_2017_Kiel_Germany_CALL_FOR_PAPERS_Think_global_act_local_The_transformation_of_spatial_interaction_and_material_culture_in_Beaker_contexts_of_the_3_rd_Millennium_BC_in_Europe">Archéologie et Gobelets Meeting, 2017, Kiel (Germany). CALL FOR PAPERS. Think global, act local! The transformation of spatial interaction and material culture in Beaker contexts of the 3 rd Millennium BC in Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unige.academia.edu/MarieBesse">Marie Besse</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uni-kiel.academia.edu/MartinFurholt">Martin Furholt</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-30678279-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-30678279-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/12150989/figure-1-archologie-et-gobelets-meeting-kiel-germany-call"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51119363/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-30678279-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="485de1211a4ebeffc3d4303aaa7e77d9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51119363,"asset_id":30678279,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51119363/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30678279"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30678279"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30678279; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30678279]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30678279]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30678279; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30678279']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "485de1211a4ebeffc3d4303aaa7e77d9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30678279]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30678279,"title":"Archéologie et Gobelets Meeting, 2017, Kiel (Germany). 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Bronze Age and Iron Age Amber in the Netherlands" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106815952/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108429794/Red_Rain_is_Coming_Down_Bronze_Age_and_Iron_Age_Amber_in_the_Netherlands">Red Rain is Coming Down. Bronze Age and Iron Age Amber in the Netherlands</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metaaltijden 10</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">For photographs of amber finds, I have to thank N. Bouma (ADC Archeoprojecten, Cuijk), Dr. E. Kno...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">For photographs of amber finds, I have to thank N. Bouma (ADC Archeoprojecten, Cuijk), Dr. E. Knol (Groninger Museum), and the RMO and Huis van Hilde collection websites. Discussions concerning unclear references to amber finds in Archis were carried out with Museum Maassluis and Museum Ommen. Dr. R. Jansen (Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University) is thanked for aiding in specifying the precise location of the Uden-Slabroekse Heide amber find, and Dr. S. Arnoldussen (GIA, Groningen University) is thanked for access to the late Jay Butler's archive. North German parallels for Iron Age amber use were discussed with Dr. J. Brandt (Archäologisches Museum Hamburg) and M. Grunert MA (Archäologisches Landesamt Schleswig-Holstein). M. Siebrecht MA (GIA, Groningen University) and dr. K. Verkooijen (Exeter University) are thanked for access to their unpublished theses on the subject of prehistoric amber. This study was carried out in relation to my analysis of the Velsen-Noordzeekanaal finds, partly funded by Stichting Nederlands Museum voor Anthropologie en Praehistorie (SNMAP, 2018). Furthermore, the author received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. (eds) 894378. Finally, the two reviewers are thanked for their helpful feedback and improvements.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-108429794-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-108429794-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13419917/figure-1-red-rain-is-coming-down-bronze-age-and-iron-age"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13419944/figure-2-metaaltijden-wordt-opgedragen-aan-david-robert"><img alt="Metaaltijden 10 wordt opgedragen aan David Robert Fontijn, een van de grootste denkers over de " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13419957/figure-3-red-rain-is-coming-down-bronze-age-and-iron-age"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13419982/figure-4-red-rain-is-coming-down-bronze-age-and-iron-age"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13419994/figure-5-finally-depot-is-known-from-enterveen-verlinde-here"><img alt="Finally, a depot is known from Enterveen I (Verlinde 1980). Here, several bronzes (a Spatenkopfnadel, a long wire of 40 cm, a bar of 29,5 cm, a smaller rod of 12,5 cm, and a ring of 38,5-40 mm on which a small piece of bronze wire is wound), were found together with three amber beads. Typologically, the Spatenkopfnadel points to a date in the La Téne B period (400-350 BCE), with parallels in Jastorf phase Ic in Northwestern Germany and Denmark (Martens 2001, 147). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13420001/table-1-red-rain-is-coming-down-bronze-age-and-iron-age"><img alt="Appendix 1 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13420022/table-2-red-rain-is-coming-down-bronze-age-and-iron-age"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13420040/table-3-red-rain-is-coming-down-bronze-age-and-iron-age"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13420048/table-4-red-rain-is-coming-down-bronze-age-and-iron-age"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13420058/table-5-red-rain-is-coming-down-bronze-age-and-iron-age"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/13420072/table-6-red-rain-is-coming-down-bronze-age-and-iron-age"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/106815952/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-108429794-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59f13ce90d58006b5e25ac0fee924234" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106815952,"asset_id":108429794,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106815952/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108429794"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108429794"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108429794; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108429794]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108429794]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108429794; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108429794']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59f13ce90d58006b5e25ac0fee924234" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108429794]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108429794,"title":"Red Rain is Coming Down. Bronze Age and Iron Age Amber in the Netherlands","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"For photographs of amber finds, I have to thank N. Bouma (ADC Archeoprojecten, Cuijk), Dr. E. Knol (Groninger Museum), and the RMO and Huis van Hilde collection websites. Discussions concerning unclear references to amber finds in Archis were carried out with Museum Maassluis and Museum Ommen. Dr. R. Jansen (Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University) is thanked for aiding in specifying the precise location of the Uden-Slabroekse Heide amber find, and Dr. S. Arnoldussen (GIA, Groningen University) is thanked for access to the late Jay Butler's archive. North German parallels for Iron Age amber use were discussed with Dr. J. Brandt (Archäologisches Museum Hamburg) and M. Grunert MA (Archäologisches Landesamt Schleswig-Holstein). M. Siebrecht MA (GIA, Groningen University) and dr. K. Verkooijen (Exeter University) are thanked for access to their unpublished theses on the subject of prehistoric amber. This study was carried out in relation to my analysis of the Velsen-Noordzeekanaal finds, partly funded by Stichting Nederlands Museum voor Anthropologie en Praehistorie (SNMAP, 2018). Furthermore, the author received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. (eds) 894378. 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Bouma (ADC Archeoprojecten, Cuijk), Dr. E. Knol (Groninger Museum), and the RMO and Huis van Hilde collection websites. Discussions concerning unclear references to amber finds in Archis were carried out with Museum Maassluis and Museum Ommen. Dr. R. Jansen (Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University) is thanked for aiding in specifying the precise location of the Uden-Slabroekse Heide amber find, and Dr. S. Arnoldussen (GIA, Groningen University) is thanked for access to the late Jay Butler's archive. North German parallels for Iron Age amber use were discussed with Dr. J. Brandt (Archäologisches Museum Hamburg) and M. Grunert MA (Archäologisches Landesamt Schleswig-Holstein). M. Siebrecht MA (GIA, Groningen University) and dr. K. Verkooijen (Exeter University) are thanked for access to their unpublished theses on the subject of prehistoric amber. This study was carried out in relation to my analysis of the Velsen-Noordzeekanaal finds, partly funded by Stichting Nederlands Museum voor Anthropologie en Praehistorie (SNMAP, 2018). Furthermore, the author received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. (eds) 894378. Finally, the two reviewers are thanked for their helpful feedback and improvements.","owner":{"id":61854,"first_name":"Jos","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kleijne","page_name":"JosKleijne","domain_name":"rug","created_at":"2009-08-22T00:01:34.158-07:00","display_name":"Jos Kleijne","url":"https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne"},"attachments":[{"id":106815952,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106815952/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Metaaltijden_10_07_Kleijne_2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106815952/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Red_Rain_is_Coming_Down_Bronze_Age_and_I.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106815952/Metaaltijden_10_07_Kleijne_2023-libre.pdf?1697917622=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRed_Rain_is_Coming_Down_Bronze_Age_and_I.pdf\u0026Expires=1743671784\u0026Signature=R0rHWKYnLzOf6bMdtoRDHW9iS9v95GCwPkuL~JXQO3rKd8UD-XfmW8A7JWCdx2q8Onlqfxx4KO~43hHFEzVKwaFyjSbhzUii0BQzmT5r4l-9KLyZDneGxQbmNNv8WH0H~FUuGOyxIWizDzohYXbOLuVyX55QAD0mIjaikSTpK80~6qW11UAdK6hk9A9ZvMR4Uv6xJQQ46TUxFAe4dgs~0Kf7VVWDBDz0pku8c65khPFQUsQuMj3bsfA5DKRqAE6tKSmioYG6tYnAeSKV4KZRl5ZhCR8R~6gZI5oV6jYzEbhuy77QKKE56ubEHn8iTfFvbNnJEOkf7tGBDPYAaMuD-Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_"},{"id":41438,"name":"Ancient Glass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Glass"},{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age"},{"id":94753,"name":"Glass Beads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass_Beads"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Verslag van een archeologisch experiment</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/HesterKamstra">Hester Kamstra</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Paleo-aktueel</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A shell midden in Swifterkamp? Report of an archaeological experiment In 2021, we conducted an e...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A shell midden in Swifterkamp? Report of an archaeological experiment<br /><br />In 2021, we conducted an experiment into shell midden formation processes. We boiled and roasted shellfish, created a midden, and trampled specific parts of it. This report describes the choices we made in the process, the materials we used, the unexpected first results, and some further considerations. We will not delve deeper into the scientific nature of the endeavour, as the micromorphological work is still ongoing.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="67924ee1456b9ebda11675b93ea0ae7d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116992854,"asset_id":122298041,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116992854/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122298041"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122298041"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122298041; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122298041]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122298041]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122298041; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122298041']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "67924ee1456b9ebda11675b93ea0ae7d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122298041]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122298041,"title":"Een shell midden in Swifterkamp? 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Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper contextualises glass ornaments from Dutch later prehistory (2000-12 BCE; Bronze Age up...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper contextualises glass ornaments from Dutch later<br />prehistory (2000-12 BCE; Bronze Age up to Late Iron Age) in the light of wider European trends, with special attention to the chronology, the (functional) ways in which glass is used in ornament traditions, the state and context of their deposition and (shifts in) composition and glass technology. First, a period-by-period overview of representative glass ornaments is offered for the temporal scope proposed, after which an integrated and diachronic synthesis of their composition is presented.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0eed53e17c8ea098a6c33acea3919c07" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106914394,"asset_id":108566596,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106914394/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108566596"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108566596"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108566596; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108566596]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108566596]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108566596; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108566596']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0eed53e17c8ea098a6c33acea3919c07" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108566596]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108566596,"title":"Shiny and strange: the introduction of glass in Dutch Later Prehistory","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper contextualises glass ornaments from Dutch later\nprehistory (2000-12 BCE; Bronze Age up to Late Iron Age) in the light of wider European trends, with special attention to the chronology, the (functional) ways in which glass is used in ornament traditions, the state and context of their deposition and (shifts in) composition and glass technology. 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Pattrson et al. 2021 - Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77386699/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/66040460/N_Pattrson_et_al_2021_Large_scale_migration_into_Britain_during_the_Middle_to_Late_Bronze_Age">N. Pattrson et al. 2021 - Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upr-si.academia.edu/MartinaBlecicKavur">Martina Blečić Kavur</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mta.academia.edu/Vikt%C3%B3riaKiss">Viktória Kiss</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DomagojPerki%C4%87">Domagoj Perkić</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://sav-sk.academia.edu/AnitaKozubov%C3%A1">Anita Kozubová</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://york.academia.edu/IanArmit">Ian Armit</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://femto-st.academia.edu/MoranaCausevicBully">Morana Causevic Bully</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uni-lj.academia.edu/matija%C4%8Dre%C5%A1nar">Matija Črešnar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/ManuelFern%C3%A1ndezG%C3%B6tz">Manuel Fernández-Götz</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://elte.academia.edu/KarolyTanko">Károly Tankó</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JOSIPBURMAZ">JOSIP BURMAZ</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Jo%C5%A1koZaninovi%C4%87">Joško Zaninović</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KatalinAlm%C3%A1ssy">Katalin Almássy</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" rel="nofollow" href="https://iarh.academia.edu/MarkoDizdar">Marko Dizdar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/G%C3%A1borIlon">Gábor Ilon</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeandeParis">Jean Roefstra</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelleGamble">Michelle Gamble</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JosKleijne">Jos Kleijne</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nature</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">By: Nick Patterson, Michael Isakov, Thomas Booth, Lindsey Büster, Claire-Elise Fischer, Iñigo Ola...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">By: Nick Patterson, Michael Isakov, Thomas Booth, Lindsey Büster, Claire-Elise Fischer, Iñigo Olalde, Harald Ringbauer, Ali Akbari, Olivia Cheronet, Madeleine Bleasdale, Nicole Adamski, Eveline Altena, Rebecca Bernardos, Selina Brace, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Kimberly Callan, Francesca Candilio, Brendan Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Lea Demetz, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Daniel M. Fernandes, M. George B. Foody, Suzanne Freilich, Helen Goodchild, Aisling Kearns, Ann Marie Lawson, Iosif Lazaridis, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Lijun Qiu, Constanze Schattke, Kristin Stewardson, J. Noah Workman, Fatma Zalzala, Zhao Zhang, Bibiana Agustí, Tim Allen, Katalin Almássy, Luc Amkreutz, Abigail Ash, Christèle Baillif-Ducros, Alistair Barclay, László Bartosiewicz, Katherine Baxter, Zsolt Bernert, Jan Blažek, Mario Bodružić, Philippe Boissinot, Clive Bonsall, Pippa Bradley, Marcus Brittain, Alison Brookes, Fraser Brown, Lisa Brown, Richard Brunning, Chelsea Budd, Josip Burmaz, Sylvain Canet, Silvia Carnicero-Cáceres, Morana Čaušević-Bully, Andrew Chamberlain, Sébastien Chauvin, Sharon Clough, Natalija Čondić, Alfredo Coppa, Oliver Craig, Matija Črešnar, Vicki Cummings, Szabolcs Czifra, Alžběta Danielisová, Robin Daniels, Alex Davies, Philip de Jersey, Jody Deacon, Csilla Deminger, Peter W. Ditchfield, Marko Dizdar, Miroslav Dobeš, Miluše Dobisíková, László Domboróczki, Gail Drinkall, Ana Đukić, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Michal Ernée, Christopher Evans, Jane Evans, Manuel Fernández-Götz, Slavica Filipović, Andrew Fitzpatrick, Harry Fokkens, Chris Fowler, Allison Fox, Zsolt Gallina, Michelle Gamble, Manuel R. González Morales, Borja González-Rabanal, Adrian Green, Katalin Gyenesei, Diederick Habermehl, Tamás Hajdu, Derek Hamilton, James Harris, Chris Hayden, Joep Hendriks, Bénédicte Hernu, Gill Hey, Milan Horňák, Gábor Ilon, Eszter Istvánovits, Andy M. Jones, Martina Blečić Kavur, Kevin Kazek, Robert A. Kenyon, Amal Khreisheh, Viktória Kiss, Jos Kleijne, Mark Knight, Lisette M. Kootker, Péter F. Kovács, Anita Kozubová, Gabriella Kulcsár, Valéria Kulcsár, Christophe Le Pennec, Michael Legge, Matt Leivers, Louise Loe, Olalla López-Costas, Tom Lord, Dženi Los, James Lyall, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Philip Mason, Damir Matošević, Andy Maxted, Lauren McIntyre, Jacqueline McKinley, Kathleen McSweeney, Bernard Meijlink, Balázs G. Mende, Marko Menđušić, Milan Metlička, Sophie Meyer, Kristina Mihovilić, Lidija Milasinovic, Steve Minnitt, Joanna Moore, Geoff Morley, Graham Mullan, Margaréta Musilová, Benjamin Neil, Rebecca Nicholls, Mario Novak, Maria Pala, Martin Papworth, Cécile Paresys, Ricky Patten, Domagoj Perkić, Krisztina Pesti, Alba Petit, Katarína Petriščáková, Coline Pichon, Catriona Pickard, Zoltán Pilling, T. Douglas Price, Siniša Radović, Rebecca Redfern, Branislav Resutík, Daniel T. Rhodes, Martin B. Richards, Amy Roberts, Jean Roefstra, Pavel Sankot, Alena Šefčáková, Alison Sheridan, Sabine Skae, Miroslava Šmolíková, Krisztina Somogyi, Ágnes Somogyvári, Mark Stephens, Géza Szabó, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Jonathan Tabor, Károly Tankó, Clenis Tavarez Maria, Rachel Terry, Biba Teržan, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, Julien Trapp, Ross Turle, Ferenc Ujvári, Menno van der Heiden, Petr Veleminsky, Barbara Veselka, Zdeněk Vytlačil, Clive Waddington, Paula Ware, Paul Wilkinson, Linda Wilson, Rob Wiseman, Eilidh Young, Joško Zaninović, Andrej Žitňan, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Peter de Knijff, Ian Barnes, Peter Halkon, Mark G. Thomas, Douglas J. Kennett, Barry Cunliffe, Malcolm Lillie, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, Ian Armit & David Reich<br /><br /><br />Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f5cf50461bfc2fe03bfc8d902cab982c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":77386699,"asset_id":66040460,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77386699/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="66040460"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66040460"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66040460; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66040460]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66040460]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66040460; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='66040460']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f5cf50461bfc2fe03bfc8d902cab982c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=66040460]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":66040460,"title":"N. Pattrson et al. 2021 - Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4","issue":"7890","volume":"600","abstract":"By: Nick Patterson, Michael Isakov, Thomas Booth, Lindsey Büster, Claire-Elise Fischer, Iñigo Olalde, Harald Ringbauer, Ali Akbari, Olivia Cheronet, Madeleine Bleasdale, Nicole Adamski, Eveline Altena, Rebecca Bernardos, Selina Brace, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Kimberly Callan, Francesca Candilio, Brendan Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Lea Demetz, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Daniel M. Fernandes, M. George B. Foody, Suzanne Freilich, Helen Goodchild, Aisling Kearns, Ann Marie Lawson, Iosif Lazaridis, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Lijun Qiu, Constanze Schattke, Kristin Stewardson, J. Noah Workman, Fatma Zalzala, Zhao Zhang, Bibiana Agustí, Tim Allen, Katalin Almássy, Luc Amkreutz, Abigail Ash, Christèle Baillif-Ducros, Alistair Barclay, László Bartosiewicz, Katherine Baxter, Zsolt Bernert, Jan Blažek, Mario Bodružić, Philippe Boissinot, Clive Bonsall, Pippa Bradley, Marcus Brittain, Alison Brookes, Fraser Brown, Lisa Brown, Richard Brunning, Chelsea Budd, Josip Burmaz, Sylvain Canet, Silvia Carnicero-Cáceres, Morana Čaušević-Bully, Andrew Chamberlain, Sébastien Chauvin, Sharon Clough, Natalija Čondić, Alfredo Coppa, Oliver Craig, Matija Črešnar, Vicki Cummings, Szabolcs Czifra, Alžběta Danielisová, Robin Daniels, Alex Davies, Philip de Jersey, Jody Deacon, Csilla Deminger, Peter W. Ditchfield, Marko Dizdar, Miroslav Dobeš, Miluše Dobisíková, László Domboróczki, Gail Drinkall, Ana Đukić, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Michal Ernée, Christopher Evans, Jane Evans, Manuel Fernández-Götz, Slavica Filipović, Andrew Fitzpatrick, Harry Fokkens, Chris Fowler, Allison Fox, Zsolt Gallina, Michelle Gamble, Manuel R. González Morales, Borja González-Rabanal, Adrian Green, Katalin Gyenesei, Diederick Habermehl, Tamás Hajdu, Derek Hamilton, James Harris, Chris Hayden, Joep Hendriks, Bénédicte Hernu, Gill Hey, Milan Horňák, Gábor Ilon, Eszter Istvánovits, Andy M. Jones, Martina Blečić Kavur, Kevin Kazek, Robert A. Kenyon, Amal Khreisheh, Viktória Kiss, Jos Kleijne, Mark Knight, Lisette M. Kootker, Péter F. Kovács, Anita Kozubová, Gabriella Kulcsár, Valéria Kulcsár, Christophe Le Pennec, Michael Legge, Matt Leivers, Louise Loe, Olalla López-Costas, Tom Lord, Dženi Los, James Lyall, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Philip Mason, Damir Matošević, Andy Maxted, Lauren McIntyre, Jacqueline McKinley, Kathleen McSweeney, Bernard Meijlink, Balázs G. Mende, Marko Menđušić, Milan Metlička, Sophie Meyer, Kristina Mihovilić, Lidija Milasinovic, Steve Minnitt, Joanna Moore, Geoff Morley, Graham Mullan, Margaréta Musilová, Benjamin Neil, Rebecca Nicholls, Mario Novak, Maria Pala, Martin Papworth, Cécile Paresys, Ricky Patten, Domagoj Perkić, Krisztina Pesti, Alba Petit, Katarína Petriščáková, Coline Pichon, Catriona Pickard, Zoltán Pilling, T. Douglas Price, Siniša Radović, Rebecca Redfern, Branislav Resutík, Daniel T. Rhodes, Martin B. Richards, Amy Roberts, Jean Roefstra, Pavel Sankot, Alena Šefčáková, Alison Sheridan, Sabine Skae, Miroslava Šmolíková, Krisztina Somogyi, Ágnes Somogyvári, Mark Stephens, Géza Szabó, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Jonathan Tabor, Károly Tankó, Clenis Tavarez Maria, Rachel Terry, Biba Teržan, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, Julien Trapp, Ross Turle, Ferenc Ujvári, Menno van der Heiden, Petr Veleminsky, Barbara Veselka, Zdeněk Vytlačil, Clive Waddington, Paula Ware, Paul Wilkinson, Linda Wilson, Rob Wiseman, Eilidh Young, Joško Zaninović, Andrej Žitňan, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Peter de Knijff, Ian Barnes, Peter Halkon, Mark G. Thomas, Douglas J. Kennett, Barry Cunliffe, Malcolm Lillie, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, Ian Armit \u0026 David Reich\n\n\nPresent-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.","more_info":"https://www.nature.com/","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Nature"},"translated_abstract":"By: Nick Patterson, Michael Isakov, Thomas Booth, Lindsey Büster, Claire-Elise Fischer, Iñigo Olalde, Harald Ringbauer, Ali Akbari, Olivia Cheronet, Madeleine Bleasdale, Nicole Adamski, Eveline Altena, Rebecca Bernardos, Selina Brace, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Kimberly Callan, Francesca Candilio, Brendan Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Lea Demetz, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Daniel M. Fernandes, M. George B. Foody, Suzanne Freilich, Helen Goodchild, Aisling Kearns, Ann Marie Lawson, Iosif Lazaridis, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Lijun Qiu, Constanze Schattke, Kristin Stewardson, J. Noah Workman, Fatma Zalzala, Zhao Zhang, Bibiana Agustí, Tim Allen, Katalin Almássy, Luc Amkreutz, Abigail Ash, Christèle Baillif-Ducros, Alistair Barclay, László Bartosiewicz, Katherine Baxter, Zsolt Bernert, Jan Blažek, Mario Bodružić, Philippe Boissinot, Clive Bonsall, Pippa Bradley, Marcus Brittain, Alison Brookes, Fraser Brown, Lisa Brown, Richard Brunning, Chelsea Budd, Josip Burmaz, Sylvain Canet, Silvia Carnicero-Cáceres, Morana Čaušević-Bully, Andrew Chamberlain, Sébastien Chauvin, Sharon Clough, Natalija Čondić, Alfredo Coppa, Oliver Craig, Matija Črešnar, Vicki Cummings, Szabolcs Czifra, Alžběta Danielisová, Robin Daniels, Alex Davies, Philip de Jersey, Jody Deacon, Csilla Deminger, Peter W. Ditchfield, Marko Dizdar, Miroslav Dobeš, Miluše Dobisíková, László Domboróczki, Gail Drinkall, Ana Đukić, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Michal Ernée, Christopher Evans, Jane Evans, Manuel Fernández-Götz, Slavica Filipović, Andrew Fitzpatrick, Harry Fokkens, Chris Fowler, Allison Fox, Zsolt Gallina, Michelle Gamble, Manuel R. González Morales, Borja González-Rabanal, Adrian Green, Katalin Gyenesei, Diederick Habermehl, Tamás Hajdu, Derek Hamilton, James Harris, Chris Hayden, Joep Hendriks, Bénédicte Hernu, Gill Hey, Milan Horňák, Gábor Ilon, Eszter Istvánovits, Andy M. Jones, Martina Blečić Kavur, Kevin Kazek, Robert A. Kenyon, Amal Khreisheh, Viktória Kiss, Jos Kleijne, Mark Knight, Lisette M. Kootker, Péter F. Kovács, Anita Kozubová, Gabriella Kulcsár, Valéria Kulcsár, Christophe Le Pennec, Michael Legge, Matt Leivers, Louise Loe, Olalla López-Costas, Tom Lord, Dženi Los, James Lyall, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Philip Mason, Damir Matošević, Andy Maxted, Lauren McIntyre, Jacqueline McKinley, Kathleen McSweeney, Bernard Meijlink, Balázs G. Mende, Marko Menđušić, Milan Metlička, Sophie Meyer, Kristina Mihovilić, Lidija Milasinovic, Steve Minnitt, Joanna Moore, Geoff Morley, Graham Mullan, Margaréta Musilová, Benjamin Neil, Rebecca Nicholls, Mario Novak, Maria Pala, Martin Papworth, Cécile Paresys, Ricky Patten, Domagoj Perkić, Krisztina Pesti, Alba Petit, Katarína Petriščáková, Coline Pichon, Catriona Pickard, Zoltán Pilling, T. Douglas Price, Siniša Radović, Rebecca Redfern, Branislav Resutík, Daniel T. Rhodes, Martin B. Richards, Amy Roberts, Jean Roefstra, Pavel Sankot, Alena Šefčáková, Alison Sheridan, Sabine Skae, Miroslava Šmolíková, Krisztina Somogyi, Ágnes Somogyvári, Mark Stephens, Géza Szabó, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Jonathan Tabor, Károly Tankó, Clenis Tavarez Maria, Rachel Terry, Biba Teržan, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, Julien Trapp, Ross Turle, Ferenc Ujvári, Menno van der Heiden, Petr Veleminsky, Barbara Veselka, Zdeněk Vytlačil, Clive Waddington, Paula Ware, Paul Wilkinson, Linda Wilson, Rob Wiseman, Eilidh Young, Joško Zaninović, Andrej Žitňan, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Peter de Knijff, Ian Barnes, Peter Halkon, Mark G. Thomas, Douglas J. Kennett, Barry Cunliffe, Malcolm Lillie, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, Ian Armit \u0026 David Reich\n\n\nPresent-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66040460/N_Pattrson_et_al_2021_Large_scale_migration_into_Britain_during_the_Middle_to_Late_Bronze_Age","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-26T12:39:08.935-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6084241,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":37353242,"work_id":66040460,"tagging_user_id":6084241,"tagged_user_id":232505,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***a@btk.mta.hu","affiliation":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","display_order":1,"name":"Viktória Kiss","title":"N. 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Fernandes, M. George B. Foody, Suzanne Freilich, Helen Goodchild, Aisling Kearns, Ann Marie Lawson, Iosif Lazaridis, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Lijun Qiu, Constanze Schattke, Kristin Stewardson, J. Noah Workman, Fatma Zalzala, Zhao Zhang, Bibiana Agustí, Tim Allen, Katalin Almássy, Luc Amkreutz, Abigail Ash, Christèle Baillif-Ducros, Alistair Barclay, László Bartosiewicz, Katherine Baxter, Zsolt Bernert, Jan Blažek, Mario Bodružić, Philippe Boissinot, Clive Bonsall, Pippa Bradley, Marcus Brittain, Alison Brookes, Fraser Brown, Lisa Brown, Richard Brunning, Chelsea Budd, Josip Burmaz, Sylvain Canet, Silvia Carnicero-Cáceres, Morana Čaušević-Bully, Andrew Chamberlain, Sébastien Chauvin, Sharon Clough, Natalija Čondić, Alfredo Coppa, Oliver Craig, Matija Črešnar, Vicki Cummings, Szabolcs Czifra, Alžběta Danielisová, Robin Daniels, Alex Davies, Philip de Jersey, Jody Deacon, Csilla Deminger, Peter W. Ditchfield, Marko Dizdar, Miroslav Dobeš, Miluše Dobisíková, László Domboróczki, Gail Drinkall, Ana Đukić, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Michal Ernée, Christopher Evans, Jane Evans, Manuel Fernández-Götz, Slavica Filipović, Andrew Fitzpatrick, Harry Fokkens, Chris Fowler, Allison Fox, Zsolt Gallina, Michelle Gamble, Manuel R. González Morales, Borja González-Rabanal, Adrian Green, Katalin Gyenesei, Diederick Habermehl, Tamás Hajdu, Derek Hamilton, James Harris, Chris Hayden, Joep Hendriks, Bénédicte Hernu, Gill Hey, Milan Horňák, Gábor Ilon, Eszter Istvánovits, Andy M. Jones, Martina Blečić Kavur, Kevin Kazek, Robert A. Kenyon, Amal Khreisheh, Viktória Kiss, Jos Kleijne, Mark Knight, Lisette M. Kootker, Péter F. Kovács, Anita Kozubová, Gabriella Kulcsár, Valéria Kulcsár, Christophe Le Pennec, Michael Legge, Matt Leivers, Louise Loe, Olalla López-Costas, Tom Lord, Dženi Los, James Lyall, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Philip Mason, Damir Matošević, Andy Maxted, Lauren McIntyre, Jacqueline McKinley, Kathleen McSweeney, Bernard Meijlink, Balázs G. Mende, Marko Menđušić, Milan Metlička, Sophie Meyer, Kristina Mihovilić, Lidija Milasinovic, Steve Minnitt, Joanna Moore, Geoff Morley, Graham Mullan, Margaréta Musilová, Benjamin Neil, Rebecca Nicholls, Mario Novak, Maria Pala, Martin Papworth, Cécile Paresys, Ricky Patten, Domagoj Perkić, Krisztina Pesti, Alba Petit, Katarína Petriščáková, Coline Pichon, Catriona Pickard, Zoltán Pilling, T. Douglas Price, Siniša Radović, Rebecca Redfern, Branislav Resutík, Daniel T. Rhodes, Martin B. Richards, Amy Roberts, Jean Roefstra, Pavel Sankot, Alena Šefčáková, Alison Sheridan, Sabine Skae, Miroslava Šmolíková, Krisztina Somogyi, Ágnes Somogyvári, Mark Stephens, Géza Szabó, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Jonathan Tabor, Károly Tankó, Clenis Tavarez Maria, Rachel Terry, Biba Teržan, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, Julien Trapp, Ross Turle, Ferenc Ujvári, Menno van der Heiden, Petr Veleminsky, Barbara Veselka, Zdeněk Vytlačil, Clive Waddington, Paula Ware, Paul Wilkinson, Linda Wilson, Rob Wiseman, Eilidh Young, Joško Zaninović, Andrej Žitňan, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Peter de Knijff, Ian Barnes, Peter Halkon, Mark G. Thomas, Douglas J. Kennett, Barry Cunliffe, Malcolm Lillie, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, Ian Armit \u0026 David Reich\n\n\nPresent-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.","owner":{"id":6084241,"first_name":"Martina","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Blečić Kavur","page_name":"MartinaBlecicKavur","domain_name":"upr-si","created_at":"2013-10-11T08:08:48.014-07:00","display_name":"Martina Blečić Kavur","url":"https://upr-si.academia.edu/MartinaBlecicKavur"},"attachments":[{"id":77386699,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77386699/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Patterson_BritainMigration_Nature_MainManuscript_2021_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77386699/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"N_Pattrson_et_al_2021_Large_scale_migrat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/77386699/Patterson_BritainMigration_Nature_MainManuscript_2021_1-libre.pdf?1640553975=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DN_Pattrson_et_al_2021_Large_scale_migrat.pdf\u0026Expires=1743700880\u0026Signature=eTKbgfcVjWh8kqMxEm8hTFxAbidvrL947fuzvk0NolOBWEz3vDJeCP-qElzRPKnP3Ni6fCj41g2rB~DxGMZ~lNf7wrB-Z2QS5B1LEHwLxcufHd0lLRD8ECNNc-uDZzvr0MoiPSitJVl5ekxPHPMq7LNcH6uYyMb7V6kOmoRBdwfiHZh2YgVMMx6kmRpf5vDsNUbMoN7qQUTnsgB~YuzIqYzRDE~nv-4soKw2G4Cy95NFv4Ek-37Ile94TCb-H~mx22kzEji5883T7aSHhcl-q5tYcgLIxd70DITbz8xArcHKNTJlObs4sXaYLSDHQpS42f-zPzhRGGly0r-~uhaoIQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6672,"name":"Celtic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Linguistics"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_"},{"id":21432,"name":"Late Bronze Age archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age_archaeology"},{"id":21967,"name":"Ancient DNA (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Archaeology_"},{"id":26726,"name":"Bronze Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Archaeology_"},{"id":33259,"name":"Middle Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Bronze_Age"},{"id":36538,"name":"Ancient DNA (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Anthropology_"},{"id":82274,"name":"Late Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age"},{"id":100347,"name":"Ancient DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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