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href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">主题</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">物理学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。62种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Fisika" title="Portaal:Fisika – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Portaal:Fisika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="特色主題"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="بوابة:الفيزياء – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:الفيزياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9:%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83" title="قيسارية:لفيزيك – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قيسارية:لفيزيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بوابة:الفيزيا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوابة:الفيزيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizika" title="Portal:Fizika – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portal:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0:%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="প্রবেশদ্বার:পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রবেশদ্বার:পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porched:Fizik" title="Porched:Fizik – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Porched:Fizik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizika" title="Portal:Fizika – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Portal:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:F%C3%ADsica" title="Portal:Física – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portal:Física" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="دەروازە:فیزیک – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:فیزیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Fyzika" title="Portál:Fyzika – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="特色主題"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physik" title="Portal:Physik – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Physik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizik" title="Portal:Fizik – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Portal:Fizik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Πύλη:Φυσική – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πύλη:Φυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics" title="Portal:Physics – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Portal:Physics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:F%C3%ADsica" title="Portal:Física – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:Física" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Portaal:Füüsika – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Portaal:Füüsika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="特色主題"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="درگاه:فیزیک – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:فیزیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teemasivu:Fysiikka" title="Teemasivu:Fysiikka – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teemasivu:Fysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Physique" title="Portail:Physique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Physique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vouiquip%C3%A8dia:Port%C3%A2l:Fesica" title="Vouiquipèdia:Portâl:Fesica – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vouiquipèdia:Portâl:Fesica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C:%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="פורטל:פיזיקה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורטל:פיזיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="प्रवेशद्वार:भौतिकी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizika" title="Portal:Fizika – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Portal:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2tay:fizik" title="Pòtay:fizik – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pòtay:fizik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Fizika" title="Portál:Fizika – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portál:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC:%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Պորտալ:Ֆիզիկա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտալ:Ֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fisika" title="Portal:Fisika – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:Fisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Fisica" title="Portale:Fisica – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Fisica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="პორტალი:ფიზიკა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პორტალი:ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="포털:물리학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포털:물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikisritis:Fizika" title="Vikisritis:Fizika – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikisritis:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="കവാടം:ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കവാടം:ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizik" title="Portal:Fizik – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:Fizik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Natuurkunde" title="Portaal:Natuurkunde – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portaal:Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2:%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ପୋର୍ଟାଲ:ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୋର୍ଟାଲ:ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%95:%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਫਾਟਕ:ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਾਟਕ:ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fisique" title="Portal:Fisique – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Portal:Fisique" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizyka" title="Portal:Fizyka – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portal:Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:F%C3%ADsica" title="Portal:Física – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Física" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punku_p%27anqa:_Pachaykamay" title="Punku p'anqa: Pachaykamay – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Punku p'anqa: Pachaykamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizic%C4%83" title="Portal:Fizică – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Portal:Fizică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="باب:طبعيات – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="باب:طبعيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA:%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ද්වාරය:භෞතික විද්‍යාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්වාරය:භෞතික විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Fyzika" title="Portál:Fyzika – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Portál:Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fiisikis" title="Portal:Fiisikis – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Portal:Fiisikis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizika" title="Portal:Fizika – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Portal:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citakan:Fisika" title="Citakan:Fisika – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Citakan:Fisika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வலைவாசல்:இயற்பியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலைவாசல்:இயற்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="สถานีย่อย:ฟิสิกส์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีย่อย:ฟิสิกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizik" title="Portal:Fizik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portal:Fizik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Портал:Физика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Фізика – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портал:Фізика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fizika" title="Portal:Fizika – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Portal:Fizika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_th%C3%B4ng_tin:V%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD" title="Cổng thông tin:Vật lý – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổng thông tin:Vật lý" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="Portal:物理 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Portal:物理" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> 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title="Portal:技術">技術</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%86%85%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="Special:分类内随机/主题首页">随机主题</a></dd></dl> </div> <div style="float:right; padding:2px; color:#ccccff" class="noprint plainlinks small">[<a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:刷新/Portal:物理学"><span title="更新服务器所缓存的页面数据">刷新頁面</span></a>] </div> <div style="margin-top:-3px; margin-bottom:0.5em; text-align:center; font-size: 105%;"> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">物理主題首頁</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_fig2.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/West_fig2.tif/lossy-page1-200px-West_fig2.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/West_fig2.tif/lossy-page1-300px-West_fig2.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/West_fig2.tif/lossy-page1-400px-West_fig2.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2238" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="物理學">物理學</a></b>是一門<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自然科學">自然科學</a>，注重于研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="物質">物質</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="空間">空間</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="時間">時間</a>，尤其是它們各自的性質與彼此之間的相互關係。物理學是關於大自然規律的知識；更廣義地說，物理學探索分析<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="大自然">大自然</a>所發生的現象，以了解其規則。 </p><p>物理學是最古老的學術之一。在過去兩千年裏，物理學與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a>都曾歸屬於<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自然哲學">自然哲學</a>。直到十七世紀<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="科學革命">科學革命</a>之後，物理學才成為一門獨立的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自然科學">自然科學</a>。物理學與其它很多跨領域研究有相當的交集，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="量子化學">量子化學</a>等等。物理學的疆界並不是固定不變的，物理學裡的創始突破時常可以用來解釋這些跨領域研究的基礎機制，有時還會開啟嶄新的跨領域研究。 </p><p>物理學是<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自然科學">自然科學</a>中最基礎的學科之一。經過嚴謹思考論證，物理學者會提出表述大自然現象與規律的假说。倘若這假说能夠通過大量嚴格的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="實驗">實驗</a>檢驗，則可以被歸類為<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="物理定律">物理定律</a>。但正如很多其他自然科學理論一樣，這些<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="定律">定律</a>不能被證明，其正確性只能靠著反覆的實驗來檢驗。 </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="float:left; width:60%;"> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">典範條目、優良條目</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E5%85%B8%E5%84%AA%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HAtomOrbitals.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/HAtomOrbitals.png/105px-HAtomOrbitals.png" decoding="async" width="105" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/HAtomOrbitals.png/158px-HAtomOrbitals.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/HAtomOrbitals.png/210px-HAtomOrbitals.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a></b>是一种带有<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="电荷">负电</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="亚原子粒子">亚原子粒子</a>，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="轻子">轻子</a>类，以<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="重力">重力</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%8A%9B" title="電磁力">電磁力</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E6%A0%B8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="弱核力">弱核力</a>與其它粒子相互作用。轻子是构成物质的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a>之一，即其无法被分解为更小的粒子。电子带有1/2<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>，是一种<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="费米子">费米子</a>。因此，根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E7%AB%8B%E4%B8%8D%E7%9B%B8%E5%AE%B9%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="包立不相容原理">包立不相容原理</a>，任何兩個電子都不能處於同樣的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%85%8B" title="量子態">狀態</a>。电子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="反粒子">反粒子</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="正子">正子</a>，其质量、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>、帶电量大小都与电子相同，但是电量正負性与电子相反。電子與正子會因碰撞而互相<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AE%E7%81%AD" title="湮灭">湮滅</a>，在這過程中，創生一對以上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>。根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B9%E9%9D%82%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="大霹靂理論">大霹靂理論</a>，宇宙現在所存在的電子，大部份都是創生於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B9%E9%9D%82" class="mw-redirect" title="大霹靂">大霹靂</a>事件。但是，有一小部份是因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>物質的<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Β衰變">β衰變</a>或高能量碰撞而創生的。 </p> <div style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8/%E5%85%B8%E5%84%AA%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE%E5%AD%98%E6%AA%94" title="Portal:物理學/典優條目存檔">更多典範條目、優良條目</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">精选图片</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E7%89%B9%E9%80%89%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-08-01_Solar_eclipse_progression.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/2008-08-01_Solar_eclipse_progression.jpg/240px-2008-08-01_Solar_eclipse_progression.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/2008-08-01_Solar_eclipse_progression.jpg/360px-2008-08-01_Solar_eclipse_progression.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/2008-08-01_Solar_eclipse_progression.jpg/480px-2008-08-01_Solar_eclipse_progression.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5104" data-file-height="2904" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B48%E6%9C%881%E6%97%A5%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%9F" title="2008年8月1日日食">2008年8月1日日食</a></b>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%88%86" title="食分">食分</a>为1.039，全食最长持续时间为2分27秒，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a>东北部、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a>部分地区可见，其中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>北部、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0" title="格陵兰">格陵兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="新西伯利亚">新西伯利亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="新疆维吾尔自治区">新疆维吾尔自治区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E7%9C%81" title="甘肃省">甘肃省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="宁夏回族自治区">宁夏回族自治区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="陕西省">陕西省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="山西省">山西省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="河南省">河南省</a>部分地区可见全食。在中国境内，陕西省<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%82" title="西安市">西安市</a>、甘肃省<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%8C%E5%B8%82" title="金昌市">金昌市</a>是较佳的观测地点，月球本影中心将从金昌市市中心以北仅12千米处经过。图为2008年8月1日日食过程，拍摄于俄罗斯新西伯利亚，拍摄时间间隔为三分钟。<br /> </p> <div style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E7%89%B9%E9%80%89%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3" title="Portal:物理学/特选图片存档">更多特选图片</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">本日推薦</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8/%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%A5%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PendulumWithMovingSupport.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/PendulumWithMovingSupport.JPG/150px-PendulumWithMovingSupport.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/PendulumWithMovingSupport.JPG/225px-PendulumWithMovingSupport.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/PendulumWithMovingSupport.JPG 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>用拉格朗日方程式可以計算出一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%BA" title="擺">簡單擺</a>系統的運動。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>拉格朗日方程式</b>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="分析力学">分析力學</a>的重要方程式，因數學物理學家<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5" title="约瑟夫·拉格朗日">约瑟夫·拉格朗日</a>而命名，可以用來描述物體的運動，特別適用於理論物理的研究。拉格朗日方程式的功能相等於<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓力學">牛頓力學</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓第二定律">牛頓第二定律</a>。 </p><p>假設一個物理系統符合<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="完整系統">完整系統</a>的要求，即所有廣義坐標都互相獨立，則拉格朗日方程式成立： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dt}}{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {L}}}{\partial {\dot {\mathbf {q} }}}}-{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {L}}}{\partial \mathbf {q} }}=\mathbf {0} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">q</mi> </mrow> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">q</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="bold">0</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dt}}{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {L}}}{\partial {\dot {\mathbf {q} }}}}-{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {L}}}{\partial \mathbf {q} }}=\mathbf {0} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/decb1a8d00dc3f7d3441ee6cd054956b8896e672" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:17.683ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dt}}{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {L}}}{\partial {\dot {\mathbf {q} }}}}-{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {L}}}{\partial \mathbf {q} }}=\mathbf {0} }"></span> ；</dd></dl> <p>其中，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}(\mathbf {q} ,\ {\dot {\mathbf {q} }},\ t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">q</mi> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">q</mi> </mrow> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}(\mathbf {q} ,\ {\dot {\mathbf {q} }},\ t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/13b4d43184561906c7e4bf116a653db7281bb0e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.313ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}(\mathbf {q} ,\ {\dot {\mathbf {q} }},\ t)}"></span> 是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E9%87%8F" title="拉格朗日量">拉格朗日量</a>、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {q} =\left(q_{1},q_{2},\ldots ,q_{N}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">q</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {q} =\left(q_{1},q_{2},\ldots ,q_{N}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/584d5e9a3838668a32cd0c12cf460eb8ccdb2080" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.447ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {q} =\left(q_{1},q_{2},\ldots ,q_{N}\right)}"></span> 是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="廣義坐標">廣義坐標</a>、是時間 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span> 的函數、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {\mathbf {q} }}=\left({\dot {q}}_{1},{\dot {q}}_{2},\ldots ,{\dot {q}}_{N}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">q</mi> </mrow> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>q</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>q</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>q</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {\mathbf {q} }}=\left({\dot {q}}_{1},{\dot {q}}_{2},\ldots ,{\dot {q}}_{N}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8302e7eb63037186719a3938a0df40b269fc1eb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.467ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {\mathbf {q} }}=\left({\dot {q}}_{1},{\dot {q}}_{2},\ldots ,{\dot {q}}_{N}\right)}"></span> 是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="廣義速度">廣義速度</a>... </p> <div style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8/%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%A5%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E5%AD%98%E6%AA%94" title="Portal:物理學/本日推薦存檔">存檔</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">你知道吗</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E4%BD%A0%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E5%90%97?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> </p> <ul><li><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandra_X-ray_Observatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1999年發射的錢德拉X射線望遠鏡"><img alt="1999年發射的錢德拉X射線望遠鏡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory.jpg/80px-Chandra_X-ray_Observatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory.jpg/120px-Chandra_X-ray_Observatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory.jpg/160px-Chandra_X-ray_Observatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>1999年發射的錢德拉X射線望遠鏡</figcaption></figure><b><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="X射线天文学">X射线天文学</a></b>的研究对象是什么？</li> <li>哪一<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E6%98%AF%E7%86%B5%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="引力是熵力">最新科学假说</a></b>对<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="万有引力">万有引力</a>的本质进行了阐述？</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E8%82%A4%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="集肤效应">什么效应</a></b>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="交流电">交流电</a>运输和防晒霜中都有应用，并使得手机在电梯中信号不佳？</li> <li>含<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>量在0.2%至2.1%之間的<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a>叫<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鋼"><b>甚麼</b></a>？</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="靜電學">靜電學</a>的兩個最基本的理論，一個是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E4%BE%96%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="庫侖定律">庫侖定律</a>，另一個是<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8A%E5%8A%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="疊加原理">什麼</a></b>？</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F" title="功">什么物理量</a></b>对应着<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%83%BD" title="动能">动能</a>的变化？</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%93%81%E7%9F%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="磁铁矿">磁铁矿</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" title="石榴石">石榴石</a>等物质，具有<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="亚铁磁性">怎样的铁磁性</a></b>？</li></ul> <div style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E4%BD%A0%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E5%90%97%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3" title="Portal:物理学/你知道吗存档">存檔</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">未解決的物理學問題</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E6%9C%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E7%9A%84%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9B%E6%8E%A0%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飛掠異常（页面不存在）">飛掠異常</a>（<span lang="en">flyby anomaly</span>）：為什麼衛星<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%A9%E6%8E%A8" title="重力助推">飛掠過地球</a>後的能量會與理論預測不同？這異常最先發現於1990年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%8F%B7%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="伽利略号探测器">伽利略號探測器</a>的飛掠過地球。通過仔細檢查<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E7%A9%BA%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="深空網路">深空網路</a>紀錄的<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%8D%9C%E5%8B%92%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="都卜勒效應">都卜勒</a>數據，天文學者意外地發現66mHz頻移，對應於速度在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%9C%B0%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近地點">近地點</a>增加了3.92mm/s。天文學者尚未能夠給出滿意答案。 </p> <div style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E7%9A%84%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="未解決的物理學問題">存檔</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">从哪里开始</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E4%BB%8E%E5%93%AA%E9%87%8C%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> <b>基础物理学</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="力学">力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="热学">热学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="电磁学">电磁学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学">光学</a> </p><p><b>核心理论</b>: <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学">经典力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="运动学">运动学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="静力学">静力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="动力学">动力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="拉格朗日力学">拉格朗日力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E9%A1%BF%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="哈密顿力学">哈密顿力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="连续介质力学">连续介质力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="流体力学">流体力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="固体力学">固体力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="电动力学">电动力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="狭义相对论">狭义相对论</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="广义相对论">广义相对论</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="量子场论">量子场论</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="量子电动力学">量子电动力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%89%B2%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="量子色动力学">量子色动力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="量子光学">量子光学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="弦理论">弦理论</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="热力学">热力学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="统计力学">统计力学</a> </p><p><b>主要领域</b>: <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="凝聚态物理学">凝聚态物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子物理学">原子物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分子物理学">分子物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学">光学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="几何光学">几何光学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="物理光学">物理光学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="粒子物理学">粒子物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="等离子体物理学">等离子体物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%A7%82%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="介观物理学">介观物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E6%B8%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="低温物理学">低温物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固体物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶体学</a> </p><p><b>交叉学科</b>: <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="大气物理学">大气物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="电子科学">电子科学</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="计算物理">计算物理</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="数学物理">数学物理</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性物理学">非线性物理学</a> </p><p><b>背景知识</b>: 参看传记, <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">科学史</a>, 和学院介绍. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">专题</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E4%B8%93%E9%A2%98?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> </p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.9em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Community.png" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProjects"><img alt="WikiProjects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Community.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="32" /></a></span></div> <b><big><center><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject:物理学">物理学专题</a></center></big></b><br /> <dl><dt>有关专题</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col"> <p><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="WikiProject:元素">元素專題</a>、 <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="WikiProject:化学物质">化学物质專題</a>、 <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="WikiProject:粒子">粒子專題</a> </p> </div> <div align="right"> <p>什么是<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%93%E9%A2%98" title="Wikipedia:专题">维基专题</a></b>? </p> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">共襄盛舉</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%8B?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> </p> <ul><li>编写<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6#物理学" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:请求文章/自然科学">物理请求条目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82#.E7.89.A9.E7.90.86" title="Wikipedia:翻译请求">翻譯未完成的條目</a></li> <li>加入<b>你知道吗</b></li> <li>更新<b>特色条目</b> 和 <b>特色图片</b></li> <li>增加 <b>物理新闻</b></li> <li>帮助物理 <b>维基计划</b> 和 <b>维基教科书</b></li> <li>加入<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%85%B4%E8%B6%A3%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:物理兴趣小组维基人列表">物理兴趣小组</a>；</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> </div> <div style="float:right; width:39.5%"> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">物理新闻</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> </p><p><span style="font-size:larger;"><b><a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4" title="2020年">2020年</a></b>焦點新聞</span> <span style="font-size:80%;">下列日期是新聞發布時間，而非事件發表或發現時間</span> </p> <ul><li>10月6日，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%82%91%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF" title="羅傑·潘洛斯">羅傑·潘洛斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E5%A8%85%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E5%85%B9" title="安德烈娅·盖兹">安德烈婭·蓋茲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%96%E5%9B%A0%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%B9%E7%AD%96%E5%B0%94" title="赖因哈德·根策尔">賴因哈德·根策爾</a>因對於<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="黑洞">黑洞</a>的傑出研究獲得<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾物理學獎">諾貝爾物理學獎</a>。</li> <li>6月15日，德國<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="法蘭克福大學">法蘭克福大學</a>教授研究團隊做實驗首次證實九十年前<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%AB%BE%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E6%9C%AB%E8%8F%B2" title="阿諾·索末菲">阿諾·索末菲</a>提出的理論：當<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>撞擊到單獨分子並且使其發射出電子時，該單獨離子會朝著光源移動<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goethe-university-frankfurt.de/89195524/Atomic_physics__radiation_pressure_with_recoil">。</a></li> <li>5月6日，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲南天天文台">歐洲南天天文台</a>研究團隊宣布，在恆星星系<a href="/wiki/HD_167128" title="HD 167128">HD 167128</a>觀測到距今為止距離地球最近的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="黑洞">黑洞</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.02541">。</a></li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:larger;"><b><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4" title="2019年">2019年</a></b></span> </p> <ul><li>10月8日，因為對於人們了解宇宙演化與地球在宇宙裡的席位做出貢獻，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="吉姆·皮布尔斯">吉姆·皮布爾斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E8%80%B6" title="米歇爾·麥耶">米歇爾·麥耶</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E8%BF%AA%E5%9F%83%C2%B7%E5%A5%8E%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%B9" title="迪迪埃·奎洛兹">迪迪埃·奎洛茲</a>獲得2019年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾物理學獎">諾貝爾物理學獎</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2019/summary/">。</a></li> <li>7月31日，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90%E5%B0%8D%E6%92%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="大型強子對撞機">大型強子對撞機</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%92%B0%E9%9D%A2%E5%84%80%E5%99%A8" title="超環面儀器">超環面儀器</a>實驗團隊找到<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>散射的確切證據，超過背景期望值8.2 個<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%B7%AE" title="標準差">標準差</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.052001?utm_campaign=weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_source=emailalert">。</a></li> <li>7月15日，美國<a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a>研究團隊發展成功當今最準確的時鐘，Al<sup>+</sup><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="離子鐘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ion clock"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E9%90%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="離子鐘（页面不存在）">離子鐘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ion_clock" class="extiw" title="en:ion clock"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ion clock</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，準確度為10<sup>18</sup>分之一<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.aps.org/articles/v12/79?utm_campaign=weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_source=emailalert">。</a></li> <li>5月22日，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B2%A2%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="阿貢國家實驗室">阿貢國家實驗室</a>實驗團隊發現新<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="超導">超導</a>材料<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三氫化鑭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="lanthanum hydride"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AB%E5%8C%96%E9%91%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三氫化鑭（页面不存在）">三氫化鑭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lanthanum_hydride" class="extiw" title="en:lanthanum hydride"><span lang="en" dir="auto">lanthanum hydride</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，其臨界超導溫度為-23C，是至今為止最高溫度<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.uchicago.edu/story/scientists-break-record-highest-temperature-superconductor">。</a></li> <li>4月10日，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E8%A6%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="事件視界望遠鏡">事件視界望遠鏡</a>團隊宣布，首次成功觀測到在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E5%A5%B3A%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="室女A星系">室女A星系</a>中央的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%A4%A7%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="超大質量黑洞">超大質量黑洞</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=298276&org=NSF&from=news">。</a></li> <li>3月29日，<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="麻省理工學院">麻省理工學院</a>實驗團隊報告，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="暗物質">暗物質</a>實驗ABRACADABRA 第一回合並未發現任何<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%AD%90" title="軸子">軸子</a>存在的蛛絲馬跡<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.mit.edu/2019/dark-matter-experiment-finds-no-evidence-axions-0329">。</a></li> <li>3月21日，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="雪城大學">雪城大學</a>教授<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薛爾頓·斯同恩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sheldon Stone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%9B%E7%88%BE%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%90%8C%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薛爾頓·斯同恩（页面不存在）">薛爾頓·斯同恩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheldon_Stone" class="extiw" title="en:Sheldon Stone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sheldon Stone</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>的研究團隊做實驗證實，<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%85%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魅夸克">魅夸克</a>的物質與反物質對於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="衰變">衰變</a>具有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="不對稱性">不對稱性</a>，這可能是物質宇宙形成的重要因素<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecollege.syr.edu/news/2019/matter-antimatter-syracuse.html">。</a></li> <li>3月15日，使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%B2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="緲子">緲子探測器</a>，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塔塔基礎研究學院" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔塔基礎研究學院（页面不存在）">塔塔基礎研究學院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research" class="extiw" title="en:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tata Institute of Fundamental Research</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>的研究團隊發現，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9A%B4" title="雷暴">雷暴</a>可以產生高達13億伏特的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓">電壓</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.aps.org/articles/v12/29?utm_campaign=weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_source=emailalert">！</a></li> <li>1月3日，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中国国家航天局">中國國家航天局</a>的探測器<a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A6%E5%A8%A5%E5%9B%9B%E5%8F%B7" title="嫦娥四号">嫦娥四號</a>成功在月球背面南半部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E9%97%A8%E7%8E%AF%E5%BD%A2%E5%B1%B1" title="冯·卡门环形山">馮·卡門環形山</a>著陸<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2019-01-03/doc-ihqhqcis2691464.shtml">。</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #550055; color:#ff3366; padding:.1em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0px; border-bottom: none;">物理学史上的2月</div> <div style="display:block; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ffeeff; color:black; margin-bottom:10px; padding: 1em; margin-top: 0em; padding-top:.3em;"> <p><span style="text-align:right; float:right; margin:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em; padding:-.9em -.9em .3em .3em;"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6/%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5/2%E6%9C%88?action=edit">編輯</a></small> </span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1564%E5%B9%B4" title="1564年">1564年</a><a href="/wiki/2%E6%9C%8815%E6%97%A5" title="2月15日">2月15日</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E8%8E%B1" title="伽利略·伽利莱">伽利略·伽利莱</a>诞生。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1700%E5%B9%B4" title="1700年">1700年</a><a href="/wiki/2%E6%9C%889%E6%97%A5" title="2月9日">2月9日</a>，<a 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