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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ice climbing on ice and rock surfaces</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piratescove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Piratescove.jpg/220px-Piratescove.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Piratescove.jpg/330px-Piratescove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Piratescove.jpg/440px-Piratescove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>American climber Rich Purnell on an <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#M-grade" title="Grade (climbing)">M9-graded</a> mixed climbing route in <a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Canyon" title="Glenwood Canyon">Glenwood Canyon</a>, Colorado.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18.0em;padding:0;font-size:95%;line-height:1.3em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Climbing" title="Category:Climbing">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbers_and_mountaineers" title="List of climbers and mountaineers">Climbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piolet_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Piolet d'Or">Piolet d'Or winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_career_IFSC_victories_by_climber" title="Ranking of career IFSC victories by climber">IFSC victories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_knots" title="List of climbing knots">Knots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">Historical events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">Grade milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Eight-thousanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Types of <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">Big wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">Multi-pitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">Bouldering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering#Highball_bouldering" title="Bouldering">Highball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_climbing" title="Speed climbing">Speed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">Free</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">Solo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing">Free solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_soloing" title="Deep-water soloing">Deep-water solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_solo_climbing" title="Rope solo climbing">Rope solo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_rope_climbing" title="Top rope climbing">Top roping</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Types of <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineering</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_ferrata" title="Via ferrata">Via ferrata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Himalayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine style">Alpine style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Expedition style">Expedition style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambling" title="Scrambling">Scrambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillwalking">Hillwalking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Other types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">Buildering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_climbing" title="Crane climbing">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_climbing" title="Grass climbing">Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_access" title="Rope access">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_climbing" title="Pole climbing">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_hopping" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock hopping">Rock hopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftopping" title="Rooftopping">Rooftopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_and_tunnel_hacking" title="Roof and tunnel hacking">Roof hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_climbing" title="Rope climbing">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_Climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Slide Climbing">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_climbing" title="Tree climbing">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Key actions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abseiling" title="Abseiling">Abseiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaying" title="Belaying">Belaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_climbing" title="Lead climbing">Leading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redpoint_(climbing)" title="Redpoint (climbing)">Redpointing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumaring">Jumaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_rescue_(climbing)" title="Self rescue (climbing)">Self rescuing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simul_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Simul climbing">Simul climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_(climbing)" title="Traverse (climbing)">Traversing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_technique" title="Climbing technique">Techniques</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Key terms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_(climbing)" title="Anchor (climbing)">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_free_ascent" class="mw-redirect" title="First free ascent">FFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_female_free_ascent" class="mw-redirect" title="First female free ascent">FFFA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">Grade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route" title="Climbing route">Route</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(climbing)" title="Beta (climbing)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_guidebook" title="Climbing guidebook">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(climbing)" title="Pitch (climbing)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crack_climbing" title="Crack climbing">Crack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_climbing" title="Face climbing">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(climbing)" title="Overhang (climbing)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_climbing" title="Slab climbing">Slab</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climbing_sidebar" title="Template:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Climbing_sidebar" title="Template talk:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mixed climbing</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">climbing</a> discipline used on <a href="/wiki/Climbing_routes" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing routes">routes</a> that do not have enough ice to be pure <a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">ice climbs</a>, but are also not dry enough to be pure <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbs</a>. To ascend the route, the mixed climber uses ice climbing equipment (e.g. double <a href="/wiki/Ice_tool" title="Ice tool">ice tools</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crampon" class="mw-redirect" title="Crampon">crampons</a>), but to <a href="/wiki/Climbing_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing protection">protect</a> the route, they use both <a href="/wiki/Rock-climbing_equipment" title="Rock-climbing equipment">rock-climbing equipment</a> and ice climbing equipment. Mixed climbing varies from routes with sections of thick layers of ice and sections of bare rock, to routes that are mostly bare rock but which are "iced-up" in a thin layer of ice and/or snow. </p><p>While <a href="/wiki/Alpinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpinist">alpinists</a> have used mixed climbing techniques for decades (most north-facing alpine routes are iced or snow-covered), it came to prominence with <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Lowe" title="Jeff Lowe">Jeff Lowe</a>'s ascent of the partially bolted <i>Octopussy</i> (WI6, M8 R) in 1994. Mixed climbing also led to the sport of <a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">dry-tooling</a>, which is mixed climbing on routes that are completely free of all ice or snow. The equipment used — the lengths of ice tools and the use of heel spurs and ice axe leashes — has become more regulated to avoid concerns of being more like <a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">aid climbing</a> than <a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">free climbing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mixed climbing routes are graded for difficulty on an M-grade system, and the development of specialized mixed climbing techniques (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Stein_pull" class="mw-redirect" title="Stein pull">stein pulls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Figure-four_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Figure-four (climbing)">figure-four moves</a>), and equipment (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Fruit_boot" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit boot">fruit boots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heel_spurs_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heel spurs (climbing)">heel spurs</a>, and advanced ergo ice axes), led to dramatic increases in mixed climbing grade milestones, particularly from 1994 to 2003, and have been credited with pushing standards in the wider field of alpine climbing. Many modern mixed routes are <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">bolted</a> like <a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">sport climbing</a> routes, but some routes require <a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">traditional climbing</a>-type protection. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mixed_Cimbing_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mixed_Cimbing_III.jpg/220px-Mixed_Cimbing_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mixed_Cimbing_III.jpg/330px-Mixed_Cimbing_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mixed_Cimbing_III.jpg/440px-Mixed_Cimbing_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A team on <i>Flauto Magico</i> (130-metres, WI5+, M9, 4-pitches) in the Vallunga Valley, Dolomites, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>Mixed climbing involves using ice climbing equipment (e.g. double <a href="/wiki/Ice_axe" title="Ice axe">ice axes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crampon" class="mw-redirect" title="Crampon">crampons</a>) on routes that are not sufficiently covered in ice to be pure ice climbs and have a <a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing#Grades" title="Ice climbing">WI-grade</a>. Mixed climbing routes have significant elements that are pure rock, which in some cases may be completely dry (e.g. as found on some North American mixed climbing routes), but in many cases is covered in a thin layer of ice and snow (e.g. as found in Scottish mixed climbing), thus making pure rock or ice climbing techniques impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mixed climber uses their ice axe and crampons to advance up the route by inserting them into small cracks and edges on the iced-up rock. They use the equipment of a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">traditional climbing</a> rock climber for <a href="/wiki/Climbing_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing protection">climbing protection</a>, as there will be limited possibilities to use <a href="/wiki/Ice_screw" title="Ice screw">ice screws</a> to protect the route. It has also become common to find single-pitch mixed climbs that are fully <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">bolted</a> in the manner of <a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">sport climbing</a> routes.<sup id="cite_ref-CR1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mixed climbing can also be done as <a href="/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing">free solo climbing</a>, which is an even risker undertaking.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mixed climbing is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">alpine climbing</a>, as many alpine climbing routes have large sections of iced and snow-covered rock that can neither be rock climbed (i.e. too slippery) nor climbed as a pure ice climb (i.e. not enough ice). Mixed climbing is also closely related to the sport of <a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">dry-tooling</a>, which was developed by mixed climbers doing routes with no snow or ice, but still using the tools and techniques of mixed climbing; mixed climbs that have no ice are sometimes given a "D" prefix instead of an "M" prefix in their grade.<sup id="cite_ref-ice_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ice-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There has been debate as to whether mixed climbing is more akin to <a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">aid climbing</a>, rather than the more desirable style of <a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">free climbing</a>, due to its use of mechanical tools on natural rock. This has led to increased oversight on allowable tools (e.g. use of heel spurs, length of axes, and use of leashes for resting or to help with upward momentum, etc.); and most ice climbing competitions no longer allow leashes and regulate the use of heel spurs (e.g. if allowed at all, they cannot be used for resting).<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_routes">Types of routes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:362px;max-width:362px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Types of mixed climbing routes</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:191px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kristoffer_Szilas_climbing_a_mixed_route_graded_M9.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kristoffer_Szilas_climbing_a_mixed_route_graded_M9.JPG/210px-Kristoffer_Szilas_climbing_a_mixed_route_graded_M9.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kristoffer_Szilas_climbing_a_mixed_route_graded_M9.JPG/315px-Kristoffer_Szilas_climbing_a_mixed_route_graded_M9.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kristoffer_Szilas_climbing_a_mixed_route_graded_M9.JPG/420px-Kristoffer_Szilas_climbing_a_mixed_route_graded_M9.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2994" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Silent Memories</i> (WI6, M9), Italy.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:191px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AMPNW_Canadian_Rockies_-_February_2015_-_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/AMPNW_Canadian_Rockies_-_February_2015_-_18.jpg/144px-AMPNW_Canadian_Rockies_-_February_2015_-_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/AMPNW_Canadian_Rockies_-_February_2015_-_18.jpg/216px-AMPNW_Canadian_Rockies_-_February_2015_-_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/AMPNW_Canadian_Rockies_-_February_2015_-_18.jpg/288px-AMPNW_Canadian_Rockies_-_February_2015_-_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>French Reality</i> (WI6+, M7-), Canada.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:243px;max-width:243px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mixed_climbing_Grade_M11_Montana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mixed_climbing_Grade_M11_Montana.jpg/241px-Mixed_climbing_Grade_M11_Montana.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mixed_climbing_Grade_M11_Montana.jpg/362px-Mixed_climbing_Grade_M11_Montana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mixed_climbing_Grade_M11_Montana.jpg/482px-Mixed_climbing_Grade_M11_Montana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="507" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>North West Passage</i> (M11), Montana.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banana_Wall,_Coire_an_Lochain,_Cairngorms,_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Banana_Wall%2C_Coire_an_Lochain%2C_Cairngorms%2C_Scotland.jpg/113px-Banana_Wall%2C_Coire_an_Lochain%2C_Cairngorms%2C_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Banana_Wall%2C_Coire_an_Lochain%2C_Cairngorms%2C_Scotland.jpg/170px-Banana_Wall%2C_Coire_an_Lochain%2C_Cairngorms%2C_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Banana_Wall%2C_Coire_an_Lochain%2C_Cairngorms%2C_Scotland.jpg/226px-Banana_Wall%2C_Coire_an_Lochain%2C_Cairngorms%2C_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Banana Wall</i> (XII/12), Scotland.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Mixed climbing routes can cover a broad range of types. Some mixed climbing routes are combinations of an ice climbing route (i.e. a large frozen icicle, frozen alpine couloirs, or frozen water cascade) and a dry-tooling route (i.e. need to pass a rock overhang or rock roof to get to the frozen ice part); these routes have both a full mixed climbing grade (M-grade) and a full ice climbing grade (<a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing#Grades" title="Ice climbing">WI-grade</a>). Examples of such routes are the American mixed climbing route, <i>Octopussy</i> (WI6, M8), <i>Silent Memories</i> (WI6, M9) in Italy, or <i>French Reality</i> (M7-, WI6+) in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-ice_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ice-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other types of mixed climbing routes have no material 'ice climbing' sections per se (and thus have no substantive WI-grade). Such routes are effectively rock routes but where the rock is covered in a thin layer of ice and/or snow that makes normal <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a> techniques impossible. Examples of such routes include many Scottish winter climbs,<sup id="cite_ref-CR1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CR1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <i>Wailing Wall</i> (Scottish mixed climbing grade XI, 9) or <i>Banana Wall</i> (Scottish mixed climbing grade XII, 12),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>North West Passage</i> (M11) in Montana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climber" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine climber">alpine climbers</a> and Scottish winter climbers have used mixed climbing techniques for decades, mixed climbing as a standalone sport came to prominence in 1994 when American climber <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Lowe" title="Jeff Lowe">Jeff Lowe</a> climbed the roof of <i>Octopussy</i> (WI6, M8) in <a href="/wiki/Vail,_Colorado" title="Vail, Colorado">Vail, Colorado</a>, creating the world's first M8-graded mixed climb.<sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-O1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Ice" title="Rock & Ice">Rock & Ice</a></i> credited Lowe's 1994 ascent with effectively inventing the <i>sport</i> of mixed climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-RI2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CL2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lowe's ascent led to an increase in interest in mixed climbing,<sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from 1994 to 2003 levels of difficulty rose sharply from M8 to M13, driven by mixed-climbing pioneers such as Stevie Haston in Europe (particularly in <a href="/wiki/Val_di_Cogne" class="mw-redirect" title="Val di Cogne">Val di Cogne</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Will Gadd</a> in North America (particularly in the Fang Amphitheater in <a href="/wiki/Vail,_Colorado" title="Vail, Colorado">Vail</a>, and in the Cineplex Cave in <a href="/wiki/Alberta,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberta, Canada">Alberta</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, Italian climber <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauro_Bole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauro Bole (page does not exist)">Mauro Bole</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauro_Bole" class="extiw" title="de:Mauro Bole">de</a>]</span> finding he was too short for the crux on <i>The Game</i> (M13) in Cineplex Cave, lengthened his tools and completed it.<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to implications that mixed-climbing was akin to <a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">aid climbing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar debate had been boiling over on 'heel spurs', which Gadd had stopped using (calling it "barebacking"), and writing a manifesto titled "Spurs are for Horses, and Tools Are For Your Hands", which stated "A route climbed by sitting on your tool, hooking a tool with your knees or spurs or even using spurs is an aid climb".<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Competition_ice_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Competition ice climbing">Competition ice climbing</a> began to regulate the use of tools, including heel spurs, tool length, and tool leashes (which can be used for resting or to help with upward momentum).<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, mixed-climber Ryan Nelson wrote an article in <i><a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Ice" title="Rock & Ice">Rock & Ice</a></i> titled "Is mixed climbing still legitimate?".<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scottish climber <a href="/wiki/Dave_MacLeod" title="Dave MacLeod">Dave MacLeod</a> told Nelson, "Modern-mixed is definitely approaching stagnation", and "Ditching heel spurs will no doubt give it another gasp of life, but it only puts it off a year or two. The reason is, of course, that [climbing] a full ropelength of horizontal roof on tiny hooks is relatively easy".<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the evolution of grade milestones in mixed climbing has tapered since 2003, leading mixed climbers such as Raphel Slawinski have highlighted the positive effect of mixed climbing on overall standards in alpine climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other alpine climbers such as <a href="/wiki/Steve_House_(climber)" title="Steve House (climber)">Steve House</a> have cautioned that the reliance on fully bolted sport climbing routes for the highest M-grades has not yet led to a discernable impact on general standards in alpine climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-AAJ3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rock-climbing_equipment" title="Rock-climbing equipment">Rock-climbing equipment</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_UIAA_Ice_Climbing_World_Tour_Cheongsong_-_88.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2016_UIAA_Ice_Climbing_World_Tour_Cheongsong_-_88.jpg/220px-2016_UIAA_Ice_Climbing_World_Tour_Cheongsong_-_88.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2016_UIAA_Ice_Climbing_World_Tour_Cheongsong_-_88.jpg/330px-2016_UIAA_Ice_Climbing_World_Tour_Cheongsong_-_88.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2016_UIAA_Ice_Climbing_World_Tour_Cheongsong_-_88.jpg/440px-2016_UIAA_Ice_Climbing_World_Tour_Cheongsong_-_88.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7952" data-file-height="5304" /></a><figcaption>Climber wearing fruit boots while performing a figure-four move in the 2016 Ice Climbing World Cup</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_pioche_Petzel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_pioche_Petzel.jpg/220px-Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_pioche_Petzel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_pioche_Petzel.jpg/330px-Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_pioche_Petzel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_pioche_Petzel.jpg/440px-Mat%C3%A9riel_d%27escalade_-_studio_WMCH_-_pioche_Petzel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5445" data-file-height="2917" /></a><figcaption>Advanced ergo ice axe.<sup id="cite_ref-GR1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Mixed climbing started by using existing ice climbing equipment for upward momentum (e.g. double ice axes and crampons), and for protection (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ice_screw" title="Ice screw">ice screws</a>), and also existing traditional rock climbing equipment (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Nut_(climbing)" title="Nut (climbing)">nuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hex_(climbing)" title="Hex (climbing)">hexcentrics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spring-loaded_camming_device" title="Spring-loaded camming device">cams</a>) or sport climbing equipment (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">bolts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quickdraws" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickdraws">quickdraws</a>) for additional protection.<sup id="cite_ref-ice_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ice-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the sport developed, specialized equipment was created including:<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Fruit boots. These are lightweight boots with crampons that are bolted into the boot (and not clipped on as with the standard heavy mountaineering boots used in traditional ice climbing). They have become the standard in competitive dry-tooling and ice-climbing competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mono-points. Mixed climbers prefer mono-point crampons arrangements so that they can maintain more precise control over their footwork (which is more difficult with the traditional dual-point crampons).<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Heel spurs. A mono-point crampon that extends from the rear of the boot to enable <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#heel_hook" title="Glossary of climbing terms">heel hooks</a> and enable more extensive resting positions, however, the use of heel spurs has become more regulated in competition climbing as it has become considered to be akin to aid climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Advanced ice axes. The requirement for mixed climbers to climb rock overhangs and rock roofs led to the development of more advanced ice axe designs; in addition, the need for extreme-level mixed climbers to avoid ice axe leashes (now banned in competitions) also required different handle shapes.<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ice tool tethers. While leashes are now less in use, many use elasticated ice tool tethers, sometimes also confusingly called "leashes", in case they drop a tool but which does not give any form of aid.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technique">Technique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Technique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing#Technique" title="Ice climbing">Ice climbing § Technique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014.jpg/220px-Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014.jpg/330px-Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014.jpg/440px-Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Using a stein pull</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014_-_12056791655.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014_-_12056791655.jpg/220px-Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014_-_12056791655.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014_-_12056791655.jpg/330px-Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014_-_12056791655.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014_-_12056791655.jpg/440px-Ice_climbing_Ecrins_2014_-_12056791655.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Using a figure-four move and wearing fruit boots</figcaption></figure> <p>As well as using standard techniques of ice climbing (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Front_pointing" title="Front pointing">front pointing</a>) and of rock climbing (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Crack_climbing" title="Crack climbing">crack climbing</a>, but with ice axes), mixed climbers have developed a range of techniques that are largely unique to their sport (and the derived sport of dry-tooling). These include:<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Stein pull. Where the climber inverts their ice axe and wedges the blade upwards into cracks in the rock, gaining an upward momentum by then pulling down on the handle (with the blade wedged). Stein pulls are used frequently on overhanging sections, and for creating a resting position.<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Undercling pull. Where the climber has gone above the stein pull hold, they can either try to convert their stein pull into a <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#mantel" title="Glossary of climbing terms">mantel-type</a> move (i.e. pushing down on the handle), or they can re-set the axe blade into an undercling pull where they pull themselves into the rock; an advanced technique requiring energy.<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Torque pull. Where the climber wedges the blade of their ice axe into a crack and then pulls sideways, thus creating "torque" between the axe and the wedged blade, enabling the climber to move upwards. Torque pulls are used frequently to ascent vertical cracks.<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Figure-four. Where the climber creates a <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#lock-off" title="Glossary of climbing terms">lock-off</a> with their arm (i.e. the ice axe is wedged into the rock, and the arm holding the axe is locked at an angle), and then uses this arm like a hold by hooking their "opposite" leg over the arm and pushing their leg down to reach upward.<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A figure-nine uses the "non-opposite" leg.<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In addition, mixed climbers try to keep their elbows near their sides (i.e. to avoid draining energy in torque and stein pulls),<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are very careful in extracting wedged blades (i.e. which can ricochet back into the climber's face), and of gently balancing the front points of their crampons on thin holds.<sup id="cite_ref-REI_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grading">Grading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M-grades">M-grades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: M-grades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:362px;max-width:362px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Graded mixed climbs</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fly_in_the_wind.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fly_in_the_wind.JPG/167px-Fly_in_the_wind.JPG" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fly_in_the_wind.JPG/251px-Fly_in_the_wind.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fly_in_the_wind.JPG/334px-Fly_in_the_wind.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kristoffer_Szilas" title="Kristoffer Szilas">Kristoffer Szilas</a> on <i>Fly in the Wind</i> (M10+), Italy</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mixed_climbing_Grade_8%2B_Montana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Mixed_climbing_Grade_8%2B_Montana.jpg/187px-Mixed_climbing_Grade_8%2B_Montana.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Mixed_climbing_Grade_8%2B_Montana.jpg/281px-Mixed_climbing_Grade_8%2B_Montana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Mixed_climbing_Grade_8%2B_Montana.jpg/374px-Mixed_climbing_Grade_8%2B_Montana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Gordon McArthur on <i>Roman Candle</i> (M8+), <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ueli_Steck_Les_Drus_%22North_Couloir_Direct%22_(VI,_Al_6%2B,_M8)_5_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ueli_Steck_Les_Drus_%22North_Couloir_Direct%22_%28VI%2C_Al_6%2B%2C_M8%29_5_%28cropped%29.png/210px-Ueli_Steck_Les_Drus_%22North_Couloir_Direct%22_%28VI%2C_Al_6%2B%2C_M8%29_5_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ueli_Steck_Les_Drus_%22North_Couloir_Direct%22_%28VI%2C_Al_6%2B%2C_M8%29_5_%28cropped%29.png/315px-Ueli_Steck_Les_Drus_%22North_Couloir_Direct%22_%28VI%2C_Al_6%2B%2C_M8%29_5_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ueli_Steck_Les_Drus_%22North_Couloir_Direct%22_%28VI%2C_Al_6%2B%2C_M8%29_5_%28cropped%29.png/420px-Ueli_Steck_Les_Drus_%22North_Couloir_Direct%22_%28VI%2C_Al_6%2B%2C_M8%29_5_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ueli_Steck" title="Ueli Steck">Ueli Steck</a> on <i>North Couloir Direct</i> (VI, Al6+, M8), <a href="/wiki/Les_Drus" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Drus">Les Drus</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aaron_Mulkey_Devil%27s_Doorbell_Wyoming.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aaron_Mulkey_Devil%27s_Doorbell_Wyoming.png/144px-Aaron_Mulkey_Devil%27s_Doorbell_Wyoming.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aaron_Mulkey_Devil%27s_Doorbell_Wyoming.png/216px-Aaron_Mulkey_Devil%27s_Doorbell_Wyoming.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aaron_Mulkey_Devil%27s_Doorbell_Wyoming.png/288px-Aaron_Mulkey_Devil%27s_Doorbell_Wyoming.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="822" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Aaron Mulkey on <i>Devil's Doorbell</i> (M9), <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Cody</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The grading of mixed routes approximates the ice climbing <a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing#Grades" title="Ice climbing">WI-system</a> up to grade M6, but they then diverge as mixed routes become very overhanging and eventually turn into roofs (ice is not normally overhanging).<sup id="cite_ref-WG1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WG1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IP_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> M-grades do not take into account the "danger" of the route (i.e. how good is the protection in the event of a fall), but focus on the technical and physical challenge of the route, and is more akin to the <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#French_numerical_grades" title="Grade (climbing)">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Yosemite_Decimal_System" title="Grade (climbing)">US</a> sport climbing grades, although per the US system, the "<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms#r/x" title="Glossary of climbing terms">R/X</a>" suffix is used for danger.<sup id="cite_ref-WG1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WG1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IP_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some M-graded climbs are given an alternative D-grade prefix where there is no ice on the route, and it is effectively dry-tooling (e.g. the Swiss climb <i>Iron Man</i> is quoted as being M14+ but also D14+).<sup id="cite_ref-WG1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WG1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IP_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UKC_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following M-grades and descriptions are provided by the <a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Club" title="American Alpine Club">American Alpine Club</a> (republished in 2013) who note: "These [mixed climbing] routes require considerable dry tooling (modern ice tools used on bare rock) and are climbed in crampons; actual ice is optional but some ice is usually involved":<sup id="cite_ref-Alpinist_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alpinist-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"M1–3: Easy. Low angle; usually no tools."</li> <li>"M4: Slabby to vertical with some technical dry tooling."</li> <li>"M5: Some sustained vertical dry tooling."</li> <li>"M6: Vertical to overhanging with difficult dry tooling."</li> <li>"M7: Overhanging; powerful and technical dry tooling; less than 10 m of hard climbing."</li> <li>"M8: Some nearly horizontal overhangs requiring very powerful and technical dry tooling; bouldery or longer cruxes than M7."</li> <li>"M9: Either continuously vertical or slightly overhanging with marginal or technical holds, or a juggy roof of 2 to 3 body lengths."</li> <li>"M10: At least 10 meters of horizontal rock or 30 meters of overhanging dry tooling with powerful moves and no rests."</li> <li>"M11: A rope length of overhanging gymnastic climbing, or up to 15 meters of roof."</li> <li>"M12–M14: With bouldery, dynamic moves and tenuous technical holds."<sup id="cite_ref-Alpinist_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alpinist-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In his 1996 book, <i>Ice World</i>, Jeff Lowe ranked his new M-grades to the level of physical exertion needed on a free rock climb; Lowe estimated that M8 was equivalent to 5.12 (<a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#American_YDS_grade" title="Grade (climbing)">American Yosemite Decimal System</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Ari_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ari-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other authors have tried to align M-grades with rock climbing grades,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and now equate M8 to 5.10/5.11, however, there is some variation and no consensus that such comparisons are valid.<sup id="cite_ref-Ari_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ari-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scottish_winter_grades">Scottish winter grades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scottish winter grades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeff_Mercier_on_The_Secret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Jeff_Mercier_on_The_Secret.jpg/220px-Jeff_Mercier_on_The_Secret.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Jeff_Mercier_on_The_Secret.jpg/330px-Jeff_Mercier_on_The_Secret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Jeff_Mercier_on_The_Secret.jpg/440px-Jeff_Mercier_on_The_Secret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Mercier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Mercier (page does not exist)">Jeff Mercier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Mercier" class="extiw" title="fr:Jeff Mercier">fr</a>]</span> on <i>The Secret</i> (Grade VIII, 9), Scotland</figcaption></figure> <p>Mixed climbing in Scotland is known as Scottish winter climbing and uses a dual-grading system with a Roman numeral to denote the overall difficulty of the route (e.g. technical challenge, length, and the level of boldness, physicality, and stamina required).<sup id="cite_ref-IP_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second Arabic number clarifies the technical difficulty of the hardest move on the route.<sup id="cite_ref-IP_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A climb graded VI, 6 means the technical difficulty of the hardest move is standard for the overall grade, whereas a climb graded VI, 8 denotes the hardest move is above the overall grade.<sup id="cite_ref-IP_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This dual-grade is used as Scottish winter climbs use <a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">traditional climbing</a> protection, placing greater strains on the climber.<sup id="cite_ref-IP_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British mixed-climber Ian Parnell wrote in his guide to Scottish winter climbing that Scottish grades are almost two levels above M-grades, and thus a Scottish VIII, 8 is similar to an M6; but that an <a href="/wiki/On-sight" class="mw-redirect" title="On-sight">on-sight</a> of a Scottish VIII, 8 using traditional climbing protection, is similar in difficulty to a bolted sport climbing M8.<sup id="cite_ref-IP_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Club" title="American Alpine Club">American Alpine Club</a> (republished in 2013) listed the following description of Scottish winter grades:<sup id="cite_ref-Alpinist_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alpinist-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"Grade I: Snow gullies and easy ridges."</li> <li>"Grade II: Steep snow where two ice tools may be required but technical difficulties are short."</li> <li>"Grade III: More sustained than Grade II. Mixed ascents of moderate rock routes."</li> <li>"Grade IV: Steep ice with short vertical steps or long pitches up to 70º, or mixed routes requiring advanced techniques."</li> <li>"Grade V: Sustained ice to 80º or mixed climbs with linked hard moves."</li> <li>"Grade VI: Vertical ice and highly technical mixed routes."</li> <li>"Grade VII: Multi-pitch routes with long sections of vertical or thin ice, or mixed routes with lots of highly technical climbing."</li> <li>"Grade VIII and above: The hardest routes in Scotland."<sup id="cite_ref-Alpinist_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alpinist-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_of_grade_milestones">Evolution of grade milestones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Evolution of grade milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling#Evolution_of_grade_milestones" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling § Evolution of grade milestones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">List of grade milestones in rock climbing</a></div> <p>The following mixed climbs are particularly notable in the evolution of mixed climbing grade milestones and mixed climbing standards.<sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1994. <i>Octopussy</i> WI6 M8 R Fang Amphitheater <a href="/wiki/Vail,_Colorado" title="Vail, Colorado">Vail</a>, USA. First ascent was in 1994 by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Lowe" title="Jeff Lowe">Jeff Lowe</a> and is considered the first M8 in mixed climbing history, and also the route that gave birth to the sport of mixed climbing; was only partially bolted and carries an "R" suffix.<sup id="cite_ref-RI2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CL2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1997. <i>Amphibian</i> WI5+ M9 Fang Amphitheater <a href="/wiki/Vail,_Colorado" title="Vail, Colorado">Vail</a>, USA. First ascent in 1997 by <a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Will Gadd</a> and was the first M9 in mixed climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1997. <i>009</i> M9 <a href="/wiki/Valsavarenche" title="Valsavarenche">Valsavarenche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cogne_Valley" title="Cogne Valley">Val di Cogne</a>, Italy. First ascent was in 1997 by Stevie Haston and is considered one of the first M9s in mixed climbing; although now considered to be closer to M8+.<sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1997. <i>Fatman and Robin</i> M9 (also D9) Fang Amphitheater <a href="/wiki/Vail,_Colorado" title="Vail, Colorado">Vail</a>, USA. First ascent was in 1997 by Pete Takeda and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Lowe" title="Jeff Lowe">Jeff Lowe</a> and is considered one of the first M9s in mixed climbing history; almost a full dry-tooling route with little ice.<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X-files.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/X-files.jpg/150px-X-files.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/X-files.jpg/225px-X-files.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/X-files.jpg/300px-X-files.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2316" data-file-height="3088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Torretta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Torretta (page does not exist)">Anna Torretta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Torretta" class="extiw" title="it:Anna Torretta">it</a>]</span> on completing <i>X-Files</i> (background), 2021</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1998. <i>X-Files</i> M10 <a href="/wiki/Cogne_Valley" title="Cogne Valley">Val di Cogne</a>, Italy. First ascent was in 1998 by Stevie Haston and is considered the first M10 in mixed climbing history; the grade has probably softened to M9+ over time.<sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PM1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PM1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1998. <i>Reptile</i> WI4 M10 Fang Amphitheater <a href="/wiki/Vail,_Colorado" title="Vail, Colorado">Vail</a>, USA. First ascent was in 1998 by <a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Will Gadd</a> and is considered one of the first M10s in mixed climbing; the grade has probably softened to M9+ over time.<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2000. <i>Empire Strikes Back</i> M11 <a href="/wiki/Valsavaranche" class="mw-redirect" title="Valsavaranche">Valsavaranche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cogne_Valley" title="Cogne Valley">Val di Cogne</a>, Italy. First ascent was in 2000 by Stevie Haston and is considered the first M11 in mixed climbing; although now considered to be closer to M10+.<sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PM1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PM1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001. <i>Misson Impossible</i> M11 <a href="/wiki/Valsavaranche" class="mw-redirect" title="Valsavaranche">Valsavaranche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cogne_Valley" title="Cogne Valley">Val di Cogne</a>, Italy. First ascent was in 2001 by <a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Will Gadd</a> and is considered one of the first M11s in mixed climbing history, and is still recognized as a "benchmark" climb for the grade.<sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001. <i>Musashi</i> M12 Cineplex Cave, <a href="/wiki/Alberta,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberta, Canada">Alberta, Canada</a>. First ascent was in 2001 by <a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Will Gadd</a> and is considered the first M12 in mixed climbing history, and is still recognized as a "benchmark" climb for the grade.<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAJ2_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003. <i>Vertical Limits</i> M12 Ueschinen, Kandersteg, Switzerland. First ascent was in 2003 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Jasper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Jasper (page does not exist)">Robert Jasper</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Jasper" class="extiw" title="de:Robert Jasper">de</a>]</span> and is considered the earliest M12s in mixed climbing history, and is still recognized as a classic testpiece for the grade.<sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003. <i>The Game</i> M13 Cineplex Cave, <a href="/wiki/Alberta,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberta, Canada">Alberta, Canada</a>. First ascent was in 2003 by Ben Firth and is considered one of the first M13s in mixed climbing history;<sup id="cite_ref-RI1_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reclimbed in 2005 by Evgeny Krivosheytsev and by <a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Will Gadd</a> without heel spurs as <i>The Game Reloaded</i>, as part of Gadd's drive to reduce climbing aids in mixed climbing, and regraded it to M13+.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006. <i>Steel Koan</i> M13+ Cineplex Cave, <a href="/wiki/Alberta,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberta, Canada">Alberta, Canada</a>. First ascent was in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Will Gadd</a> and is considered one of the first M13+s in mixed climbing history, and was done without heel spurs (i.e. "bareback style").<sup id="cite_ref-IP2_24-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012. <i>Iron Man</i> M14+ <a href="/wiki/Eptingen" title="Eptingen">Eptingen</a>, Switzerland. First ascent was in 2012 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Jasper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Jasper (page does not exist)">Robert Jasper</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Jasper" class="extiw" title="de:Robert Jasper">de</a>]</span> and is considered the first M14+ in mixed climbing history; Japer climbed it in completely dry conditions, grading it D14+, and later again in iced conditions, grading it M14+.<sup id="cite_ref-UKC_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Female_grade_milestones">Female grade milestones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Female grade milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling#Female_grade_milestones" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling § Female grade milestones</a></div> <p>Many leading female mixed climbers are competition ice climbers from the UIAA Ice Climbing World Cup tour, however, despite their smaller grouping, on occasions, female mixed climbers have set grade milestones that closely matched the highest male grades at the time:<sup id="cite_ref-O1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2007. <i>Law and Order</i> M13 Diebsöfen, Austria. First female ascent was in 2007 by <a href="/wiki/Ines_Papert" title="Ines Papert">Ines Papert</a> and is considered the first M13 by a female in dry-tooling history; at the time, the hardest mixed-route in the world was about M13+, being <i>Steel Koan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013. <i>Iron Man</i> M14 <a href="/wiki/Eptingen" title="Eptingen">Eptingen</a>, Switzerland. First female ascent was in 2013 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucie_Hrozov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucie Hrozová (page does not exist)">Lucie Hrozová</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucie_Hrozov%C3%A1" class="extiw" title="cs:Lucie Hrozová">cs</a>]</span> and is considered the first M14 by a female in mixed climbing; at the time of Hrozová's ascent <i>Iron Man</i> was considered the hardest route in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016. <i>Saphira</i> M15- Fang Amphitheater <a href="/wiki/Vail,_Colorado" title="Vail, Colorado">Vail</a>, USA. First ascent was in 2016 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucie_Hrozov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucie Hrozová (page does not exist)">Lucie Hrozová</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucie_Hrozov%C3%A1" class="extiw" title="cs:Lucie Hrozová">cs</a>]</span> and is considered the first M15- by a female in mixed climbing, and the first new route by a female at that grade; at the time, it was the hardest route in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_solo">Free solo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Free solo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of mixed climbers have set new grade milestones in a <a href="/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing">free solo climbing</a> style (i.e. no protection such as ice screws or bolts): </p> <ul><li>2020. <i>Nutcracker</i> M9 WI5+ Hyalite Canyon, Montana. Free solo in 2020 by Matt Cornell, one the first-ever M9 solos.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mixed_climbing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mixed climbing">Mixed climbing</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Glossary of climbing terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice climbing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The use of artificial aid by the climber in gaining upward momentum is termed aid climbing and is considered a lesser style than <a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">free climbing</a>, which uses no such aid.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-REI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REI_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBuhay2017" class="citation web cs1">Buhay, Corey (8 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rei.com/blog/climb/learn-mixed-climb">"Why (and How) You Should Learn to Mixed Climb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/REI" title="REI">REI</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430083918/https://www.rei.com/blog/climb/learn-mixed-climb">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=REI&rft.atitle=Why+%28and+How%29+You+Should+Learn+to+Mixed+Climb&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft.aulast=Buhay&rft.aufirst=Corey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rei.com%2Fblog%2Fclimb%2Flearn-mixed-climb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CR1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CR1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CR1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCewan2019" class="citation web cs1">McCewan, George (2 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climber.co.uk/outdoor/snow/scottish-winter-mixed-climbing/">"Scottish Winter Mixed Climbing"</a>. <i>Climbr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430084841/https://www.climber.co.uk/outdoor/snow/scottish-winter-mixed-climbing/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbr&rft.atitle=Scottish+Winter+Mixed+Climbing&rft.date=2019-10-02&rft.aulast=McCewan&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climber.co.uk%2Foutdoor%2Fsnow%2Fscottish-winter-mixed-climbing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeuven2019" class="citation web cs1">Leuven, Chris (20 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mensjournal.com/adventure/conrad-anker-explains-the-art-of-free-solo-mixed-climbing-matt-cornell">"Conrad Anker Explains the Art of Free Solo Mixed Climbing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Journal" title="Men's Journal">Men's Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620221436/https://www.mensjournal.com/adventure/conrad-anker-explains-the-art-of-free-solo-mixed-climbing-matt-cornell">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Men%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=Conrad+Anker+Explains+the+Art+of+Free+Solo+Mixed+Climbing&rft.date=2019-12-20&rft.aulast=Leuven&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mensjournal.com%2Fadventure%2Fconrad-anker-explains-the-art-of-free-solo-mixed-climbing-matt-cornell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ice-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ice_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ice_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ice_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaddChayer2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Gadd, Will</a>; Chayer, Roger (November 2003). <i>Ice & Mixed Climbing: Modern Technique</i> (First ed.). Mountaineers Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89886-769-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89886-769-X"><bdi>0-89886-769-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ice+%26+Mixed+Climbing%3A+Modern+Technique&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=2003-11&rft.isbn=0-89886-769-X&rft.aulast=Gadd&rft.aufirst=Will&rft.au=Chayer%2C+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RI1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI1_6-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2012" class="citation web cs1">Nelson, Ryan (27 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430121105/https://www.rockandice.com/opinion/is-mixed-climbing-legitimate/">"Is Mixed Climbing Legitimate?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Ice" title="Rock & Ice">Rock & Ice</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockandice.com/opinion/is-mixed-climbing-legitimate/">the original</a> on 30 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rock+%26+Ice&rft.atitle=Is+Mixed+Climbing+Legitimate%3F&rft.date=2012-02-27&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockandice.com%2Fopinion%2Fis-mixed-climbing-legitimate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climber.co.uk/news/first-repeat-of-wailing-wall-ix-9-by-robertson-and-russell/">"First repeat of mixed-climbing route Wailing Wall (IX, 9) by Robertson and Russell"</a>. <i>Climbr</i>. 22 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430183329/https://www.climber.co.uk/news/first-repeat-of-wailing-wall-ix-9-by-robertson-and-russell/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbr&rft.atitle=First+repeat+of+mixed-climbing+route+Wailing+Wall+%28IX%2C+9%29+by+Robertson+and+Russell&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climber.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ffirst-repeat-of-wailing-wall-ix-9-by-robertson-and-russell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAJ2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAJ2_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlawinski2002" class="citation journal cs1">Slawinski, Raphael (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12200207200/Degrees-of-Freedom">"Degrees of Freedom: From dry tooling to figure fours, M-climbing in the mountains is redefining the vision of what's a climbable line"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Journal" title="American Alpine Journal">American Alpine Journal</a></i>. <b>44</b> (76): 72–85. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501194121/http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12200207200/Degrees-of-Freedom">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Alpine+Journal&rft.atitle=Degrees+of+Freedom%3A+From+dry+tooling+to+figure+fours%2C+M-climbing+in+the+mountains+is+redefining+the+vision+of+what%27s+a+climbable+line&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=76&rft.pages=72-85&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Slawinski&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.americanalpineclub.org%2Farticles%2F12200207200%2FDegrees-of-Freedom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansman2016" class="citation web cs1">Hansman, Heather (9 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/why-you-should-know-women-mixed-climbing/">"Why You Should Know the Women of Mixed Climbing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Outside_(magazine)" title="Outside (magazine)">Outside</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003220411/https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/why-you-should-know-women-mixed-climbing/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outside&rft.atitle=Why+You+Should+Know+the+Women+of+Mixed+Climbing&rft.date=2016-03-09&rft.aulast=Hansman&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outsideonline.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks-media%2Fwhy-you-should-know-women-mixed-climbing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RI2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RI2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakeda2014" class="citation web cs1">Takeda, Pete (14 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430092654/https://www.rockandice.com/tuesday-night-bouldering/tnb-jeff-lowe-invented-the-sport/">"TNB: Jeff Lowe Invented the Sport"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Ice" title="Rock & Ice">Rock & Ice</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockandice.com/tuesday-night-bouldering/tnb-jeff-lowe-invented-the-sport/">the original</a> on 30 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rock+%26+Ice&rft.atitle=TNB%3A+Jeff+Lowe+Invented+the+Sport&rft.date=2014-01-14&rft.aulast=Takeda&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockandice.com%2Ftuesday-night-bouldering%2Ftnb-jeff-lowe-invented-the-sport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CL2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CL2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CL2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2022" class="citation web cs1">Clarke, Owen (25 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/people/jeff-lowe-climbing-alpinist-mountaineer/#_pay-wall">"Jeff Lowe, Ice And Mixed Climbing Pioneer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209033341/https://www.climbing.com/people/jeff-lowe-climbing-alpinist-mountaineer/#_pay-wall">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=Jeff+Lowe%2C+Ice+And+Mixed+Climbing+Pioneer&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fpeople%2Fjeff-lowe-climbing-alpinist-mountaineer%2F%23_pay-wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAJ3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAJ3_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDornian2004" class="citation journal cs1">Dornian, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12200411600/Mixed-Messages-Is-Hard-M-Sport-Climbing-Influencing-High-Standard-Alpinismm">"Mixed Messages: Is hard M-sport climbing influencing high standard alpinism?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Journal" title="American Alpine Journal">American Alpine Journal</a></i>. <b>46</b> (78): 116–127. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240907091121/http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12200411600/Mixed-Messages-Is-Hard-M-Sport-Climbing-Influencing-High-Standard-Alpinismm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Alpine+Journal&rft.atitle=Mixed+Messages%3A+Is+hard+M-sport+climbing+influencing+high+standard+alpinism%3F&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=78&rft.pages=116-127&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Dornian&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.americanalpineclub.org%2Farticles%2F12200411600%2FMixed-Messages-Is-Hard-M-Sport-Climbing-Influencing-High-Standard-Alpinismm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GR1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gripped.com/gear/the-best-ice-climbing-tools-for-2023/">"The Best Ice and Mixed Climbing Tools for 2023"</a>. <i>Gripped Magazine</i>. 8 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430153203/https://gripped.com/gear/the-best-ice-climbing-tools-for-2023/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gripped+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Best+Ice+and+Mixed+Climbing+Tools+for+2023&rft.date=2022-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgripped.com%2Fgear%2Fthe-best-ice-climbing-tools-for-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelhams2019" class="citation web cs1">Nelhams, Adrian (November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alpin-ism.com/knowledge-base/news/leash-or-leashless">"Leash or Leashless?"</a>. <i>International School of Mountaineering</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>Black Diamond Spinner Leash</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=The+Best+Ice+Climbing+Gear+of+2023&rft.date=2024-08-19&rft.aulast=Birdwell&rft.aufirst=Maury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fgear%2Fbest-ice-climbing-gear%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIssac2004" class="citation web cs1">Issac, Sean (2 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/tech-tip-ice-stein-pulling/">"Mixed Climbing Skills: The Stein Pull"</a>. <i>Climbing</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130235346/https://www.climbing.com/skills/tech-tip-ice-stein-pulling/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climbing&rft.atitle=Mixed+Climbing+Skills%3A+The+Stein+Pull&rft.date=2004-02-02&rft.aulast=Issac&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Ftech-tip-ice-stein-pulling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WG1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WG1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WG1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WG1_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGadd2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Gadd, Will</a> (2003). <i>Ice & Mixed Climbing: Modern Technique</i> (1st ed.). Mountaineers Books. pp. 84–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0898867695" title="Special:BookSources/978-0898867695"><bdi>978-0898867695</bdi></a>. <q>Ice Grades</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ice+%26+Mixed+Climbing%3A+Modern+Technique&rft.pages=84-86&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0898867695&rft.aulast=Gadd&rft.aufirst=Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IP-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IP_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreshamParnell2009" class="citation book cs1">Gresham, Neil; Parnell, Ian (January 2009). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ari%27sBaseCamp&rft.atitle=Ice+climbing+grades&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Paulin&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fari.rdx.net%2Fabc%2Fpages%2Fgrade_ice.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ascentionism.com/mixed-climbing-grades-everything-you-need-to-know/">"Mixed Climbing Grades: Everything You Need to Know"</a>. <i>Ascentionism</i>. 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230905214909/https://ascentionism.com/mixed-climbing-grades-everything-you-need-to-know/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ascentionism&rft.atitle=Mixed+Climbing+Grades%3A+Everything+You+Need+to+Know&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fascentionism.com%2Fmixed-climbing-grades-everything-you-need-to-know%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IP2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IP2_24-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreshamParnell2009" class="citation book cs1">Gresham, Neil; Parnell, Ian (January 2009). "Evolution of sport mixed climbing". <i>Winter CLIMBING+</i>. Rockfax. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1873341964" title="Special:BookSources/978-1873341964"><bdi>978-1873341964</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+sport+mixed+climbing&rft.btitle=Winter+CLIMBING%2B&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Rockfax&rft.date=2009-01&rft.isbn=978-1873341964&rft.aulast=Gresham&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Parnell%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gripped.com/profiles/first-ascent-friday-will-gadd-sends-amphibian-in-1990s/">"First Ascent Friday: Will Gadd Sends Amphibian in 1990s"</a>. <i>Gripped Magazine</i>. 29 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501145125/https://gripped.com/profiles/first-ascent-friday-will-gadd-sends-amphibian-in-1990s/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gripped+Magazine&rft.atitle=First+Ascent+Friday%3A+Will+Gadd+Sends+Amphibian+in+1990s&rft.date=2017-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgripped.com%2Fprofiles%2Ffirst-ascent-friday-will-gadd-sends-amphibian-in-1990s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PM1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PM1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PM1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvab2000" class="citation web cs1">Svab, Erik (22 February 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/the-empire-strikes-back-m11-repeated-by-mauro-bubu-bole.html">"The Empire strikes back, M11 repeated by Mauro Bubu Bole"</a>. <i>PlanetMountain</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501133258/https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/the-empire-strikes-back-m11-repeated-by-mauro-bubu-bole.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PlanetMountain&rft.atitle=The+Empire+strikes+back%2C+M11+repeated+by+Mauro+Bubu+Bole&rft.date=2000-02-22&rft.aulast=Svab&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetmountain.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Falpinism%2Fthe-empire-strikes-back-m11-repeated-by-mauro-bubu-bole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/mauro-bubu-bole-climbs-mission-impossible-at-valsavaranche.html">"Mauro Bubu Bole climbs Mission impossible at Valsavaranche"</a>. <i>PlanetMountain</i>. 27 March 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501230045/https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/mauro-bubu-bole-climbs-mission-impossible-at-valsavaranche.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PlanetMountain&rft.atitle=Mauro+Bubu+Bole+climbs+Mission+impossible+at+Valsavaranche&rft.date=2001-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetmountain.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Falpinism%2Fmauro-bubu-bole-climbs-mission-impossible-at-valsavaranche.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/jasper-climbs-vertical-limits-m12-e2.html">"Jasper climbs Vertical limits M12 E2"</a>. <i>PlanetMountain</i>. 8 January 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501160407/https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/jasper-climbs-vertical-limits-m12-e2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PlanetMountain&rft.atitle=Jasper+climbs+Vertical+limits+M12+E2&rft.date=2003-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetmountain.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Falpinism%2Fjasper-climbs-vertical-limits-m12-e2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gripped.com/profiles/game-m13-rockies-turns-14/">"The Game M13 in the Rockies Turns 14"</a>. <i>Gripped Magazine</i>. 9 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501141741/https://gripped.com/profiles/game-m13-rockies-turns-14/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gripped+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Game+M13+in+the+Rockies+Turns+14&rft.date=2017-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgripped.com%2Fprofiles%2Fgame-m13-rockies-turns-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.desnivel.com/escalada-hielo/the-game-reloaded/">"The Game Reloaded"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Desnivel" title="Desnivel">Desnivel</a></i>. 10 January 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501142915/https://www.desnivel.com/escalada-hielo/the-game-reloaded/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Desnivel&rft.atitle=The+Game+Reloaded&rft.date=2005-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.desnivel.com%2Fescalada-hielo%2Fthe-game-reloaded%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/angelika-rainer-from-steel-koan-m13-to-bozeman-ice-climbing-festival-victory.html">"Angelika Rainer, from Steel Koan M13+ to Bozeman Ice Climbing Festival victory"</a>. <i>PlanetMountain</i>. 19 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501143810/https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/angelika-rainer-from-steel-koan-m13-to-bozeman-ice-climbing-festival-victory.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PlanetMountain&rft.atitle=Angelika+Rainer%2C+from+Steel+Koan+M13%2B+to+Bozeman+Ice+Climbing+Festival+victory&rft.date=2013-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetmountain.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Falpinism%2Fangelika-rainer-from-steel-koan-m13-to-bozeman-ice-climbing-festival-victory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.desnivel.com/escalada-hielo/la-vuelta-al-mundo-del-drytooling-extremo-de-young-hye-kwon/">"Around the world of extreme drytooling by Young-Hye Kwon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Desnivel" title="Desnivel">Desnivel</a></i>. 12 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501234938/https://www.desnivel.com/escalada-hielo/la-vuelta-al-mundo-del-drytooling-extremo-de-young-hye-kwon/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>. <q>The flight dropped him off directly in Switzerland, where he wasted no time heading to the Eptingen area to see with his own eyes what is considered to be the toughest route in world mixed sports, Ironman D/M14+, opened by Robert Jasper, in 2012.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Desnivel&rft.atitle=Around+the+world+of+extreme+drytooling+by+Young-Hye+Kwon&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.desnivel.com%2Fescalada-hielo%2Fla-vuelta-al-mundo-del-drytooling-extremo-de-young-hye-kwon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/ines-papert-imposes-law-and-order-m13.html">"Ines Papert imposes Law and Order M13"</a>. <i>PlanetMountain</i>. 22 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503000100/https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/ines-papert-imposes-law-and-order-m13.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PlanetMountain&rft.atitle=Ines+Papert+imposes+Law+and+Order+M13&rft.date=2007-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetmountain.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Falpinism%2Fines-papert-imposes-law-and-order-m13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert2007" class="citation web cs1">Lambert, Erik (17 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpinist.com/doc/ALP19/newswire-ines-papert-first-woman-M13">"First woman to send M13"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Alpinist_(magazine)" title="Alpinist (magazine)">Alpinist</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503000515/http://www.alpinist.com/doc/ALP19/newswire-ines-papert-first-woman-M13">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alpinist&rft.atitle=First+woman+to+send+M13&rft.date=2007-03-17&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alpinist.com%2Fdoc%2FALP19%2Fnewswire-ines-papert-first-woman-M13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeldhard2013" class="citation web cs1">Geldhard, Jack (19 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukclimbing.com/news/2013/02/female_ascent_of_m14_mixed_route_for_lucie_hrozova-67837">"Female Ascent of M14 Mixed Route for Lucie Hrozova"</a>. <i>UKClimbing</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502232545/https://www.ukclimbing.com/news/2013/02/female_ascent_of_m14_mixed_route_for_lucie_hrozova-67837">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UKClimbing&rft.atitle=Female+Ascent+of+M14+Mixed+Route+for+Lucie+Hrozova&rft.date=2013-02-19&rft.aulast=Geldhard&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukclimbing.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F02%2Ffemale_ascent_of_m14_mixed_route_for_lucie_hrozova-67837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/lucie-hrozova-becomes-first-woman-to-climb-m14-with-ironman.html">"Lucie Hrozová becomes first woman to climb M14 with Ironman"</a>. <i>PlanetMountain</i>. 10 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502233952/https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/lucie-hrozova-becomes-first-woman-to-climb-m14-with-ironman.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PlanetMountain&rft.atitle=Lucie+Hrozov%C3%A1+becomes+first+woman+to+climb+M14+with+Ironman&rft.date=2013-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetmountain.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Falpinism%2Flucie-hrozova-becomes-first-woman-to-climb-m14-with-ironman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/lucie-hrozova-slays-saphira-m15-at-vail-in-colorado.html">"Lucie Hrozová slays Saphira M15- at Vail in Colorado"</a>. <i>PlanetMountain</i>. 8 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503000607/https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/lucie-hrozova-slays-saphira-m15-at-vail-in-colorado.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PlanetMountain&rft.atitle=Lucie+Hrozov%C3%A1+slays+Saphira+M15-+at+Vail+in+Colorado&rft.date=2016-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetmountain.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Falpinism%2Flucie-hrozova-slays-saphira-m15-at-vail-in-colorado.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2021" class="citation web cs1">Gray, Will (9 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redbull.com/ke-en/hardest-climbs-in-the-world">"These are the 10 hardest climbs in the world"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull" title="Red Bull">Red Bull</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503202752/https://www.redbull.com/ke-en/hardest-climbs-in-the-world">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>. <q>Number 7: Saphira (mixed climbing)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Red+Bull&rft.atitle=These+are+the+10+hardest+climbs+in+the+world&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redbull.com%2Fke-en%2Fhardest-climbs-in-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColdiron2020" class="citation web cs1">Coldiron, Scott (29 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpinist.com/doc/web20w/newswire-matt-cornell-solos-nutcracker-hyalite-canyon">"Matt Cornell free solos Hyalite Canyon testpiece, Nutcracker (M9 WI5+, 450')"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Alpinist_(magazine)" title="Alpinist (magazine)">Alpinist</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329031848/http://www.alpinist.com/doc/web20w/newswire-matt-cornell-solos-nutcracker-hyalite-canyon">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alpinist&rft.atitle=Matt+Cornell+free+solos+Hyalite+Canyon+testpiece%2C+Nutcracker+%28M9+WI5%2B%2C+450%27%29&rft.date=2020-02-29&rft.aulast=Coldiron&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alpinist.com%2Fdoc%2Fweb20w%2Fnewswire-matt-cornell-solos-nutcracker-hyalite-canyon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outsideonline.com/video/nutcracker-solo-climb-matt-cornell/">"Matt Cornell's Solo Climb of the Nutcracker Is a Testament to His Mental Fortitude"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Outside_(magazine)" title="Outside (magazine)">Outside</a></i>. 3 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230130025038/https://www.outsideonline.com/video/nutcracker-solo-climb-matt-cornell/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outside&rft.atitle=Matt+Cornell%27s+Solo+Climb+of+the+Nutcracker+Is+a+Testament+to+His+Mental+Fortitude&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outsideonline.com%2Fvideo%2Fnutcracker-solo-climb-matt-cornell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Lowe" title="Jeff Lowe">Lowe, Jeff</a> (1996). <i>Ice World: Techniques and Experiences of Modern Ice Climbing</i> (1st ed.). Mountaineers Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0898864465" title="Special:BookSources/978-0898864465"><bdi>978-0898864465</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ice+World%3A+Techniques+and+Experiences+of+Modern+Ice+Climbing&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0898864465&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Gadd, Will</a> (2003). <i>Ice & Mixed Climbing: Modern Technique</i> (1st ed.). Mountaineers Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0898867695" title="Special:BookSources/978-0898867695"><bdi>978-0898867695</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ice+%26+Mixed+Climbing%3A+Modern+Technique&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0898867695&rft.aulast=Gadd&rft.aufirst=Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Will_Gadd" title="Will Gadd">Gadd, Will</a> (2021). <i>Ice & Mixed Climbing: Improve Technique, Safety, and Performance</i> (2nd ed.). Mountaineers Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1680511260" title="Special:BookSources/978-1680511260"><bdi>978-1680511260</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ice+%26+Mixed+Climbing%3A+Improve+Technique%2C+Safety%2C+and+Performance&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1680511260&rft.aulast=Gadd&rft.aufirst=Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Banfield, Tim; Isaac, Sean (2021). <i>How to Ice Climb</i> (2nd ed.). Falcon Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0762782772" title="Special:BookSources/978-0762782772"><bdi>978-0762782772</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Ice+Climb&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Falcon+Guides&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0762782772&rft.aulast=Banfield&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Isaac%2C+Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMixed+climbing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/mixed_climbing" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/mixed climbing">mixed climbing</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/sam-elias-and-the-mixed-climbing-in-vail.html">VIDEO: Sam Elias and the mixed climbing in Vail</a>, <i>PlanetMountain</i> (January 2012)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gripped.com/profiles/watch-solo-of-steep-mixed-route-in-hyalite-canyon/">VIDEO: Free solo mixed climbing at grade M7</a>. <i>Gripped Magazine</i> (February 2020)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.epictv.com/media/podcast/the-evolution-of-mixed-climbing/608026">VIDEO: The Evolution Of Mixed Climbing: Robert Jasper on M14+</a>, <i>EpicTV</i> (March 2020)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ari.rdx.net/abc/pages/grade_ice.htm">Grading of Ice and Mixed Climbs</a>, <i>Ari Paulin Base Camp Database</i> (2023)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Climbing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climbing" title="Template:Climbing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Climbing" title="Template talk:Climbing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Climbing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">Rock climbing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing#Types_of_rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">Disciplines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">Big wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">Multi-pitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">Bouldering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering#Highball_bouldering" title="Bouldering">Highball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_climbing" title="Speed climbing">Speed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">Free</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">Solo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing">Free solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_soloing" title="Deep-water soloing">Deep-water solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_solo_climbing" title="Rope solo climbing">Rope solo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_rope_climbing" title="Top rope climbing">Top roping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route#Types_of_routes" title="Climbing route">Route types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crack_climbing" title="Crack climbing">Crack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_climbing" title="Face climbing">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(climbing)" title="Overhang (climbing)">Overhang / Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_climbing" title="Slab climbing">Slab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">Mountaineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_ferrata" title="Via ferrata">Via ferrata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Himalayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine style">Alpine style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_climbing" title="Expedition climbing">Expedition style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambling" title="Scrambling">Scrambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillwalking">Hillwalking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">Buildering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_climbing" title="Crane climbing">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_climbing" title="Grass climbing">Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_access" title="Rope access">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_climbing" title="Pole climbing">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropes_course" title="Ropes course">Ropes course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftopping" title="Rooftopping">Rooftopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_and_tunnel_hacking" title="Roof and tunnel hacking">Roof and tunnel hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_Climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Slide Climbing">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_climbing" title="Tree climbing">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alpine_clubs" title="List of alpine clubs">Alpine clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbers_and_mountaineers" title="List of climbers and mountaineers">Climbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piolet_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Piolet d'Or">Piolet d'Or winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFSC_Climbing_World_Cup" title="IFSC Climbing World Cup">IFSC World Cup winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFSC_Climbing_World_Championships" title="IFSC Climbing World Championships">IFSC World Championships winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_career_IFSC_victories_by_climber" title="Ranking of career IFSC victories by climber">IFSC victories</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deaths <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_on_eight-thousanders" title="List of deaths on eight-thousanders">Eight-thousanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_climbing_Mount_Everest" title="List of people who died climbing Mount Everest">Everest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_and_mountaineering_equipment_brands" title="List of climbing and mountaineering equipment brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_knots" title="List of climbing knots">Knots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">Historical events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">Grade milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_of_mountain_summits" title="List of first ascents of mountain summits">First ascents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_technique" title="Climbing technique">Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock-climbing_equipment" title="Rock-climbing equipment">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aider" class="mw-redirect" title="Aider">Aider</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy chain (climbing)">Daisy chain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_(climbing)" title="Anchor (climbing)">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascender_(climbing)" title="Ascender (climbing)">Ascender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petzl_Croll" title="Petzl Croll">Croll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_device" title="Belay device">Belay device</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_belay" title="Auto belay">Auto belay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_glasses" title="Belay glasses">Glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Belay gloves">Gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering_mat" title="Bouldering mat">Boulder mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabiner" title="Carabiner">Carabiner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maillon" title="Maillon">Maillon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_rope" title="Climbing rope">Climbing rope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cord (climbing)">Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_rope" title="Dynamic rope">Dynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_rope" title="Static rope">Static</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_chalk" title="Liquid chalk">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descender_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Descender (climbing)">Descenders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_8_(climbing)" title="Figure 8 (climbing)">Figure-8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_harness" title="Climbing harness">Harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hook (climbing)">Hooks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifi_hook" title="Fifi hook">Fifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyhook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyhook (climbing)">Skyhook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing_hammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock climbing hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_(climbing)" title="Hex (climbing)">Hex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanyard_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanyard (climbing)">Lanyard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_anchor_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal anchor system">PAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(climbing)" title="Nut (climbing)">Nut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(climbing)" title="Copperhead (climbing)">Copperhead</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piton" title="Piton">Piton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portaledge" title="Portaledge">Portaledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickdraw" title="Quickdraw">Quickdraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-locking_device" title="Self-locking device">SLDs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grigri" title="Grigri">Grigri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revo_(climbing)" title="Revo (climbing)">Revo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_(climbing_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling (climbing equipment)">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring-loaded_camming_device" title="Spring-loaded camming device">SLCDs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camalot" title="Camalot">Camalot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoe" title="Climbing shoe">Shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricam" title="Tricam">Tricam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing#Equipment" title="Ice climbing">Ice and snow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpenstock" title="Alpenstock">Alpenstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abalakov_thread" title="Abalakov thread">Abalakov thread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_oxygen_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottled oxygen (climbing)">Bottled oxygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crampons" title="Crampons">Crampons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_axe" title="Ice axe">Ice axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_tool" title="Ice tool">Ice tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_screw" title="Ice screw">Ice screw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering_boot" title="Mountaineering boot">Mountaineering boot</a></li> <li>Rescue <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_cord" title="Avalanche cord">Avalanche cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RECCO" title="RECCO">RECCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_transceiver" title="Avalanche transceiver">Transeiver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_anchor" title="Snow anchor">Snow anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abseiling" title="Abseiling">Abseiling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rappel" title="Australian rappel">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BClfersitz" title="Dülfersitz">Dülfersitz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaying" title="Belaying">Belaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_pointing" title="Front pointing">Front pointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glissade_(climbing)" title="Glissade (climbing)">Glissading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_rope" title="Fixed rope">Jumaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_climbing" title="Lead climbing">Leading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash (climbing)">Flashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsight" class="mw-redirect" title="Onsight">Onsighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redpoint_(climbing)" title="Redpoint (climbing)">Redpointing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_rescue" title="Mountain rescue">Rescue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse_rescue" title="Crevasse rescue">Crevasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_rescue_(climbing)" title="Self rescue (climbing)">Self</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-arrest" title="Self-arrest">Self-arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simul-climbing" title="Simul-climbing">Simul-climbing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rope_team" title="Rope team">Rope team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotting_(climbing)" title="Spotting (climbing)">Spotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_(climbing)" title="Traverse (climbing)">Traversing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_traverse" title="Tyrolean traverse">Tyrolean</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ape_index" title="Ape index">Ape index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approach_shoe" title="Approach shoe">Approach shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_climbing" title="Clean climbing">Clean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route" title="Climbing route">Climbing route</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(climbing)" title="Beta (climbing)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_guidebook" title="Climbing guidebook">Guidebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_wall" title="Climbing wall">Climbing wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipping_(climbing)" title="Chipping (climbing)">Chipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(climbing)" title="Pitch (climbing)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topo_(climbing)" title="Topo (climbing)">Topo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(heights)" title="Exposure (heights)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_factor" title="Fall factor">Fall factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">Grades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_guide" title="Mountain guide">Guides</a></li> <li>Training <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachar_ladder" title="Bachar ladder">Bachar ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_board" title="Campus board">Campus board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangboard">Hangboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonBoard" class="mw-redirect" title="MoonBoard">MoonBoard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Journal" title="Alpine Journal">Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alpinist_(magazine)" title="Alpinist (magazine)">Alpinist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Journal" title="American Alpine Journal">American Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alpine_Journal" title="Canadian Alpine Journal">Canadian Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desnivel" title="Desnivel">Desnivel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Journal" title="Himalayan Journal">Himalayan Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planinski_Vestnik" title="Planinski Vestnik">Planinski Vestnik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Ice" title="Rock & Ice">Rock & Ice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summit_(magazine)" title="Summit (magazine)">Summit</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Alpinist" title="The Alpinist">The Alpinist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(film)" title="El Capitan (film)">El Capitan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dawn_Wall" title="The Dawn Wall">The Dawn Wall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo">Free Solo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Grit" title="Hard Grit">Hard Grit</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Diamond_Equipment" title="Black Diamond Equipment">Black Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAMP_(company)" title="CAMP (company)">CAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Designs" title="Cascade Designs">Cascade Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuter_Sport" title="Deuter Sport">Deuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Winters" title="Early Winters">Early Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mountain_Sports" title="Eastern Mountain Sports">Eastern Mountain Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ten_Footwear" title="Five Ten Footwear">Five Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frostline_Kits" title="Frostline Kits">Frostline Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_(company)" title="Gerry (company)">GERRY Mountain Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grivel_(company)" title="Grivel (company)">Grivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holubar_Mountaineering" title="Holubar Mountaineering">Holubar Mountaineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JanSport" title="JanSport">JanSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellwood_Company" title="Kellwood Company">Sierra Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelty_(company)" title="Kelty (company)">Kelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Sportiva" title="La Sportiva">La Sportiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowe_Alpine" title="Lowe Alpine">Lowe Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammut_Sports_Group" title="Mammut Sports Group">Mammut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmot_(company)" title="Marmot (company)">Marmot Mountain Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_(manufacturer)" title="Millet (manufacturer)">Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Equipment_Co-op" title="Mountain Equipment Co-op">Mountain Equipment Co-op</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Safety_Research" title="Mountain Safety Research">Mountain Safety Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_Research" title="Outdoor Research">Outdoor Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc." title="Patagonia, Inc.">Patagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petzl" title="Petzl">Petzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_(company)" title="Rab (company)">Rab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_Equipment,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational Equipment, Inc.">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_North_Face" title="The North Face">The North Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therm-a-Rest" title="Therm-a-Rest">Therm-a-Rest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Country_(company)" title="Wild Country (company)">Wild Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing clubs">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Access_Fund" title="The Access Fund">Access Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Club_(UK)" title="Alpine Club (UK)">Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Club_of_Canada" title="Alpine Club of Canada">Alpine Club of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Club" title="American Alpine Club">American Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountain_Club" title="Appalachian Mountain Club">Appalachian Mountain Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Alpine_Club" title="Austrian Alpine Club">Austrian Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Alpin_Fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Alpin Français">Club Alpin Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Alpino_Italiano" title="Club Alpino Italiano">Club Alpino Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Deportes_de_Monta%C3%B1a_y_Escalada" class="mw-redirect" title="Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada">Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_montagne_et_de_l%27escalade" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade">Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Alpine_Club" title="German Alpine Club">German Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Climbing_Federation" title="South African National Climbing Federation">South African Climbing Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol_Alpine_Club" title="South Tyrol Alpine Club">South Tyrol Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alpine_Club" title="Swiss Alpine Club">Swiss Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Climbing" title="USA Climbing">USA Climbing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Sport_Climbing" title="International Federation of Sport Climbing">International Federation of Sport Climbing</a> (IFSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Climbing_and_Mountaineering_Federation" title="International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation">International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation</a> (UIAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UIAGM" class="mw-redirect" title="UIAGM">Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes</a> (UIAGM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_International_Mountain_Leader_Associations" title="Union of International Mountain Leader Associations">Union of International Mountain Leader Associations</a> (UIMLA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Climbing" title="Category:Climbing">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Climbing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Climbing">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Climbing" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Climbing">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extreme_and_adventure_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extreme_sports" title="Template:Extreme sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extreme_sports" title="Template talk:Extreme sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extreme_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extreme sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extreme_and_adventure_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Extreme_sport" title="Extreme sport">Extreme and adventure sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boardsport" title="Boardsport">Boardsports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellyboarding" title="Bellyboarding">Bellyboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodyboarding" title="Bodyboarding">Bodyboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirtsurfing" title="Dirtsurfing">Dirtsurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_landboarding" title="Kite landboarding">Kite landboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiteboarding" title="Kiteboarding">Kiteboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longboarding" title="Longboarding">Longboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountainboarding" title="Mountainboarding">Mountainboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverboarding" title="Riverboarding">Riverboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandboarding" title="Sandboarding">Sandboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">Skateboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skimboarding" title="Skimboarding">Skimboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skysurfing" title="Skysurfing">Skysurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">Snowboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowskate" title="Snowskate">Snowskating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_luge" title="Street luge">Street luging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_surfing" title="River surfing">River surfing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakeboarding" title="Wakeboarding">Wakeboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">Windsurfing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">Motorsports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drifting_(motorsport)" title="Drifting (motorsport)">Drifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motocross" title="Motocross">Motocross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallycross" title="Rallycross">Rallycross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallying" title="Rallying">Rallying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">Rally raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snocross" title="Snocross">Snocross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_water_sports" title="List of water sports">Water sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coasteering" title="Coasteering">Coasteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_diving" title="High diving">High diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_watercraft" title="Personal watercraft">Jet Skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">Scuba diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Cave diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_diving" title="Technical diving">Technical diving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">Snorkeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_skiing" title="Water skiing">Water skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_canoeing" title="Whitewater canoeing">Whitewater canoeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_kayaking" title="Whitewater kayaking">Whitewater kayaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafting" title="Rafting">Whitewater rafting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_climbing" title="Crane climbing">Crane climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice climbing</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mixed climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">Mountaineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">Rock climbing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">Big wall climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing">Free solo climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrunning" title="Skyrunning">Skyrunning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Falling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASE_jumping" title="BASE jumping">BASE jumping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreeBASE_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="FreeBASE (climbing)">Free BASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski-BASE_jumping" title="Ski-BASE jumping">Ski-BASE jumping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungee_jumping" title="Bungee jumping">Bungee jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_diving#Cliff_diving" title="High diving">Cliff-diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_jumping" title="Cliff jumping">Cliff jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombstoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Tombstoning">Tombstoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachuting" title="Parachuting">Parachuting/Skydiving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flying</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerobatics" title="Aerobatics">Aerobatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_racing" title="Air racing">Air racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliding" title="Gliding">Gliding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_gliding" title="Hang gliding">Hang gliding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paragliding" title="Paragliding">Paragliding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powered_paragliding" title="Powered paragliding">Powered paragliding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasailing" title="Parasailing">Parasailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_flying" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed flying">Speed flying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingsuit_flying" title="Wingsuit flying">Wingsuit flying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cycling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMX" title="BMX">BMX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMX_racing" title="BMX racing">BMX racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_BMX" title="Freestyle BMX">Freestyle BMX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">Downhill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rolling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_scootering" title="Freestyle scootering">Freestyle scootering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skating" title="Inline skating">Inline skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggressive_inline_skating" title="Aggressive inline skating">Aggressive inline skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vert_skating" title="Vert skating">Vert skating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">Roller skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skiing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_skiing" title="Extreme skiing">Extreme skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeriding_(winter_sport)" title="Freeriding (winter sport)">Freeriding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_skiing" title="Freestyle skiing">Freestyle skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_skiing" title="Speed skiing">Speed skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_mountaineering" title="Ski mountaineering">Ski mountaineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sledding" title="Sledding">Sledding</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobsleigh" title="Bobsleigh">Bobsleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_sledding" title="Extreme sledding">Extreme sledding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luge" title="Luge">Luge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(sport)" title="Skeleton (sport)">Skeleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_racing" title="Adventure racing">Adventure racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caving" title="Caving">Caving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper%27s_Hill_Cheese-Rolling_and_Wake" title="Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling and Wake">Cheese rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_ironing" title="Extreme ironing">Extreme ironing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Pogo" title="Extreme Pogo">Extreme Pogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fell_running" title="Fell running">Fell running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstacle_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstacle racing">Obstacle racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orienteering" title="Orienteering">Orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumping_stilts" title="Jumping stilts">Powerbocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacklining" title="Slacklining">Slacklining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramarathon" title="Ultramarathon">Ultramarathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zip_line" title="Zip line">Zip-lining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&oldid=1249232786">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mixed_climbing&oldid=1249232786</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_climbing" 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