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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Malaria</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">106,488 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Malaria</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Malaria">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19857951 coauthored" data-work_id="19857951" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19857951/Improving_uptake_and_use_of_malaria_rapid_diagnostic_tests_in_the_context_of_artemisinin_drug_resistance_containment_in_eastern_Myanmar_an_evaluation_of_incentive_schemes_among_informal_private_healthcare_providers">Improving uptake and use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the context of artemisinin drug resistance containment in eastern Myanmar: an evaluation of incentive schemes among informal private healthcare providers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19857951" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c7332c356ed85b4750acf120b2ea3dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41285594,"asset_id":19857951,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41285594/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40654734" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HninSuSuKhin">Hnin Su Su Khin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40654734" type="text/json">{"id":40654734,"first_name":"Hnin Su Su","last_name":"Khin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HninSuSuKhin","display_name":"Hnin Su Su Khin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HninSuSuKhin?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19857951">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19857951"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AungSan6">Aung San</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://manchester.academia.edu/ThaungHlaing">Thaung Hlaing</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19857951'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19857951').html(); 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This study assessed anemia, iron deficiency, hemoglobin (Hb), length-for-age Z-score... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22516617" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Motor activity improves cognitive and social-emotional development through a child&#39;s exploration of his or her physical and social environment. This study assessed anemia, iron deficiency, hemoglobin (Hb), length-for-age Z-score (LAZ), and malaria infection as predictors of motor activity in 771 children aged 5-19 mo. Trained observers conducted 2- to 4-h observations of children&#39;s motor activity in and around their homes. Binary logistic regression assessed the predictors of any locomotion. Children who did not locomote during the observation (nonmovers) were excluded from further analyses. Linear regression evaluated the predictors of total motor activity (TMA) and time spent in locomotion for all children who locomoted during the observation combined (movers) and then separately for crawlers and walkers. Iron deficiency (77.0%), anemia (58.9%), malaria infection (33.9%), and stunting (34.6%) were prevalent. Iron deficiency with and without anemia, Hb, LAZ, and malaria inf...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22516617" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="479017cf3c799f4fb31312d769e81cad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43134413,"asset_id":22516617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43134413/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44034943" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OlneyDeanna">Deanna Olney</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44034943" type="text/json">{"id":44034943,"first_name":"Deanna","last_name":"Olney","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlneyDeanna","display_name":"Deanna Olney","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlneyDeanna?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22516617">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22516617"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DarrellMast">Darrell Mast</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22516617'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22516617').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22516617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22516617"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22516617; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22516617]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22516617").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22516617").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22516617"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="591" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics">Nutrition and Dietetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="591" type="text/json">{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1907" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition">Nutrition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1907" type="text/json">{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4583" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development">Child Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4583" type="text/json">{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22516617]'), work: {"id":22516617,"title":"Young Zanzibari children with iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, stunting, or malaria have lower motor activity scores and spend less time in locomotion","created_at":"2016-02-27T06:59:26.290-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22516617/Young_Zanzibari_children_with_iron_deficiency_iron_deficiency_anemia_stunting_or_malaria_have_lower_motor_activity_scores_and_spend_less_time_in_locomotion?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_22516617","summary":"Motor activity improves cognitive and social-emotional development through a child\u0026#39;s exploration of his or her physical and social environment. This study assessed anemia, iron deficiency, hemoglobin (Hb), length-for-age Z-score (LAZ), and malaria infection as predictors of motor activity in 771 children aged 5-19 mo. Trained observers conducted 2- to 4-h observations of children\u0026#39;s motor activity in and around their homes. Binary logistic regression assessed the predictors of any locomotion. Children who did not locomote during the observation (nonmovers) were excluded from further analyses. Linear regression evaluated the predictors of total motor activity (TMA) and time spent in locomotion for all children who locomoted during the observation combined (movers) and then separately for crawlers and walkers. Iron deficiency (77.0%), anemia (58.9%), malaria infection (33.9%), and stunting (34.6%) were prevalent. Iron deficiency with and without anemia, Hb, LAZ, and malaria inf...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43134413,"asset_id":22516617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44034943,"first_name":"Deanna","last_name":"Olney","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlneyDeanna","display_name":"Deanna Olney","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlneyDeanna?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":44809044,"first_name":"Darrell","last_name":"Mast","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DarrellMast","display_name":"Darrell Mast","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DarrellMast?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":4583,"name":"Child 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href="https://www.academia.edu/13026315/Secondary_hemophagocytic_lymphohistiocytosis_forget_me_not_">Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: forget me not!</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13026315" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a184aa4f460c6c6ed4e9d21c447f53f2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45763746,"asset_id":13026315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity">Comorbidity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28973" type="text/json">{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13026315]'), work: {"id":13026315,"title":"Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: forget me 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histiocytosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Langerhans_cell_histiocytosis-1?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75740237" data-work_id="75740237" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75740237/Public_antibodies_to_malaria_antigens_generated_by_two_LAIR1_insertion_modalities">Public antibodies to malaria antigens generated by two LAIR1 insertion modalities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In two previously described donors, the extracellular domain of LAIR1, a collagen-binding inhibitory receptor encoded on chromosome 19 (ref. 1), was inserted between the V and DJ segments of an antibody. This insertion generated, through... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75740237" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In two previously described donors, the extracellular domain of LAIR1, a collagen-binding inhibitory receptor encoded on chromosome 19 (ref. 1), was inserted between the V and DJ segments of an antibody. This insertion generated, through somatic mutations, broadly reactive antibodies against RIFINs, a type of variant antigen expressed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. To investigate how frequently such antibodies are produced in response to malaria infection, we screened plasma from two large cohorts of individuals living in malaria-endemic regions. Here we report that 5-10% of malaria-exposed individuals, but none of the European blood donors tested, have high levels of LAIR1-containing antibodies that dominate the response to infected erythrocytes without conferring enhanced protection against febrile malaria. By analysing the antibody-producing B cell clones at the protein, cDNA and gDNA levels, we characterized additional LAIR1 insertions between the...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75740237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="656abe6f1ec7d5355febb49b9afbcdc4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83390571,"asset_id":75740237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83390571/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="111087489" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdirahmanAbdi18">Abdirahman Abdi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="111087489" type="text/json">{"id":111087489,"first_name":"Abdirahman","last_name":"Abdi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbdirahmanAbdi18","display_name":"Abdirahman Abdi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbdirahmanAbdi18?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75740237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75740237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75740237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75740237", }); 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This insertion generated, through somatic mutations, broadly reactive antibodies against RIFINs, a type of variant antigen expressed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. To investigate how frequently such antibodies are produced in response to malaria infection, we screened plasma from two large cohorts of individuals living in malaria-endemic regions. Here we report that 5-10% of malaria-exposed individuals, but none of the European blood donors tested, have high levels of LAIR1-containing antibodies that dominate the response to infected erythrocytes without conferring enhanced protection against febrile malaria. By analysing the antibody-producing B cell clones at the protein, cDNA and gDNA levels, we characterized additional LAIR1 insertions between the...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83390571,"asset_id":75740237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":111087489,"first_name":"Abdirahman","last_name":"Abdi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbdirahmanAbdi18","display_name":"Abdirahman 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class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70567664/Nationwide_assessment_of_insecticide_susceptibility_in_Anopheles_gambiae_populations_from_Zimbabwe">Nationwide assessment of insecticide susceptibility in Anopheles gambiae populations from Zimbabwe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70567664" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="159b08dd3fb771cb2eafbc46e41400a7" rel="nofollow" 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gambiae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles_gambiae?f_ri=7823"},{"id":3002174,"name":"Permethrin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Permethrin?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68011638" data-work_id="68011638" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68011638/Bionomics_and_Ecology_of_Anopheles_Litoralis_on_Bongao_Island_Tawi_Tawi_Province_Philippines_Implications_for_Vector_Control">Bionomics and Ecology of Anopheles Litoralis on Bongao Island, Tawi-Tawi Province, Philippines: Implications for Vector Control</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Entomological surveys were conducted to identify Anopheles malaria vector species, their feeding and resting behaviors, and characterization of larval habitats on Bongao Island, Tawi-tawi Province, in July and November, 2007. Survey... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68011638" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Entomological surveys were conducted to identify Anopheles malaria vector species, their feeding and resting behaviors, and characterization of larval habitats on Bongao Island, Tawi-tawi Province, in July and November, 2007. Survey parameters included all-evening human-landing collections (HLC), evening buffalo-baited trap (BBT) collections, daytime indoor and outdoor adult resting collections, adult female age-grading, identification of natural Plasmodium infections in mosquitoes, larval habitat identification and physical/biological characterization, and adult insecticide susceptibility assays. Both surveys revealed the predominant and putative malaria vector species on Bongao Island is Anopheles litoralis. Anophelesflavirostris was collected on only one occasion. The HLC during the July survey produced approximately 4 mosquitoes/human/night (mhn). The November survey yielded 1.27 mhn due, in part, to inclement weather conditions during time of sampling. Anopheles litoralis host ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68011638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f956dee557ad92bb0617ab98e404cc76" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78643444,"asset_id":68011638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78643444/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15225235" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MajhaliaTorno">Majhalia Torno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15225235" type="text/json">{"id":15225235,"first_name":"Majhalia","last_name":"Torno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MajhaliaTorno","display_name":"Majhalia Torno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MajhaliaTorno?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15225235/17035902/17218628/s65_majhalia.torno.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68011638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68011638"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68011638, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68011638", }); 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Survey parameters included all-evening human-landing collections (HLC), evening buffalo-baited trap (BBT) collections, daytime indoor and outdoor adult resting collections, adult female age-grading, identification of natural Plasmodium infections in mosquitoes, larval habitat identification and physical/biological characterization, and adult insecticide susceptibility assays. Both surveys revealed the predominant and putative malaria vector species on Bongao Island is Anopheles litoralis. Anophelesflavirostris was collected on only one occasion. The HLC during the July survey produced approximately 4 mosquitoes/human/night (mhn). The November survey yielded 1.27 mhn due, in part, to inclement weather conditions during time of sampling. Anopheles litoralis host ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78643444,"asset_id":68011638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15225235,"first_name":"Majhalia","last_name":"Torno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MajhaliaTorno","display_name":"Majhalia Torno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MajhaliaTorno?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15225235/17035902/17218628/s65_majhalia.torno.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":178,"name":"Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":30444,"name":"Plasmodium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium?f_ri=7823"},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=7823"},{"id":52973,"name":"Insecticide 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type="text/json">{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52973" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticide_Resistance">Insecticide Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52973" type="text/json">{"id":52973,"name":"Insecticide Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticide_Resistance?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49241927]'), work: {"id":49241927,"title":"Environmentally friendly tool to control mosquito populations without risk of insecticide resistance: the Lehmann’s funnel entry 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sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism">Polymorphism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3855" type="text/json">{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18925112]'), work: {"id":18925112,"title":"Hygiene hypothesis: Innate immunity, malaria and multiple 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High Vector Resistance to Pyrethroids and Carbamates in Zambia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors has the potential to compromise any insecticide-based malaria vector control program. To ensure that transmission-interrupting tools remain effective, and their choice is evidence... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81394201" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors has the potential to compromise any insecticide-based malaria vector control program. To ensure that transmission-interrupting tools remain effective, and their choice is evidence based, insecticide surveillance and monitoring is essential. This study assessed and compared the residual efficacy of an organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos methyl (ACTELLIC 300 CS, 0-2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl 0, 0-dimethylphosphorothioate) at 1 g/m2 and the pyrethroid deltamethrin (K-Othrine WG 250, (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R, 3R)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate) at 20 mg/m2 for indoor residual spraying on cement and mud-rendered walls inside houses. Insecticide susceptibility profiles of local malaria vectors were also assessed using World Health Organization standard protocols. The residual efficacy of ACTELLIC 300 CS on cement and mud walls lasted for 5 mo on both surfaces, with complete mortality ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81394201" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90a7aa66d7fa7c84bec31c5784fb20b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87451835,"asset_id":81394201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87451835/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="102506614" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JavanChanda">Javan Chanda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="102506614" type="text/json">{"id":102506614,"first_name":"Javan","last_name":"Chanda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JavanChanda","display_name":"Javan Chanda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JavanChanda?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102506614/41232331/33489958/s65_javan.chanda.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81394201 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81394201"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81394201, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81394201", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81394201]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81394201").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81394201").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81394201"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9521" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing">Housing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9521" type="text/json">{"id":9521,"name":"Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24882" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Entomology">Medical Entomology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24882" type="text/json">{"id":24882,"name":"Medical Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Entomology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81394201]'), work: {"id":81394201,"title":"Efficacy of ACTELLIC 300 CS, Pirimiphos Methyl, for Indoor Residual Spraying in Areas of High Vector Resistance to Pyrethroids and Carbamates in Zambia","created_at":"2022-06-13T07:58:21.919-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81394201/Efficacy_of_ACTELLIC_300_CS_Pirimiphos_Methyl_for_Indoor_Residual_Spraying_in_Areas_of_High_Vector_Resistance_to_Pyrethroids_and_Carbamates_in_Zambia?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_81394201","summary":"The selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors has the potential to compromise any insecticide-based malaria vector control program. To ensure that transmission-interrupting tools remain effective, and their choice is evidence based, insecticide surveillance and monitoring is essential. This study assessed and compared the residual efficacy of an organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos methyl (ACTELLIC 300 CS, 0-2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl 0, 0-dimethylphosphorothioate) at 1 g/m2 and the pyrethroid deltamethrin (K-Othrine WG 250, (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R, 3R)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate) at 20 mg/m2 for indoor residual spraying on cement and mud-rendered walls inside houses. Insecticide susceptibility profiles of local malaria vectors were also assessed using World Health Organization standard protocols. The residual efficacy of ACTELLIC 300 CS on cement and mud walls lasted for 5 mo on both surfaces, with complete mortality ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87451835,"asset_id":81394201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":102506614,"first_name":"Javan","last_name":"Chanda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JavanChanda","display_name":"Javan Chanda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JavanChanda?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102506614/41232331/33489958/s65_javan.chanda.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":9521,"name":"Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":24882,"name":"Medical Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Entomology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7823"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=7823"},{"id":52973,"name":"Insecticide Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticide_Resistance?f_ri=7823"},{"id":83906,"name":"Nitriles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitriles?f_ri=7823"},{"id":96081,"name":"Anopheles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles?f_ri=7823"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=7823"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=7823"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=7823"},{"id":222600,"name":"Anopheles gambiae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles_gambiae?f_ri=7823"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=7823"},{"id":845692,"name":"Pyrethroid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrethroid?f_ri=7823"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=7823"},{"id":2739944,"name":"Insect Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_Control?f_ri=7823"},{"id":3002174,"name":"Permethrin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Permethrin?f_ri=7823"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79132165" data-work_id="79132165" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79132165/Manifestation_and_Outcome_of_Severe_Malaria_in_Children_in_Northern_Ghana">Manifestation and Outcome of Severe Malaria in Children in Northern Ghana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79132165" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="75d8de6f027ed424a07795194d47a0db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85956151,"asset_id":79132165,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85956151/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39209333" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrankMockenhaupt">Frank Mockenhaupt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39209333" type="text/json">{"id":39209333,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Mockenhaupt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrankMockenhaupt","display_name":"Frank Mockenhaupt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrankMockenhaupt?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79132165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79132165"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79132165, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79132165", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79132165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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$(".js-view-count-work_79132165").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79132165").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79132165"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9620" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghana">Ghana</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9620" type="text/json">{"id":9620,"name":"Ghana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghana?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79132165]'), work: {"id":79132165,"title":"Manifestation and Outcome of Severe Malaria in Children in Northern Ghana","created_at":"2022-05-15T12:58:21.460-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79132165/Manifestation_and_Outcome_of_Severe_Malaria_in_Children_in_Northern_Ghana?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_79132165","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85956151,"asset_id":79132165,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39209333,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Mockenhaupt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrankMockenhaupt","display_name":"Frank Mockenhaupt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrankMockenhaupt?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":9620,"name":"Ghana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghana?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=7823"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=7823"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=7823"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=7823"},{"id":136346,"name":"Anemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anemia?f_ri=7823"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=7823"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=7823"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=7823"},{"id":1863718,"name":"The American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American?f_ri=7823"},{"id":1929419,"name":"Nino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nino?f_ri=7823"},{"id":2463800,"name":"Severity of Illness Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Severity_of_Illness_Index?f_ri=7823"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=7823"},{"id":3454956,"name":"Malaria Falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Falciparum?f_ri=7823"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":3772313,"name":"Case fatality rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_fatality_rate?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66801626" data-work_id="66801626" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66801626/Assessment_of_Genetic_Diversity_of_Plasmodium_Falciparum_Circumsporozoite_Protein_in_Sudan_The_RTS_S_Leading_Malaria_Vaccine_Candidate">Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium Falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein in Sudan; The RTS,S Leading Malaria Vaccine Candidate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The currently used malaria vaccine; the RTS,S, is designed based on the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). The PfCSP gene, besides having different polymorphic patterns, can vary between P. falciparum isolates due to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66801626" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The currently used malaria vaccine; the RTS,S, is designed based on the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). The PfCSP gene, besides having different polymorphic patterns, can vary between P. falciparum isolates due to geographical origin and host immune response. Such aspects are essential when considering the deployment of the RTS,S vaccine in a certain region. Therefore, in this study we assessed the genetic diversity of P. falciparum in Sudan based on the PfCSP gene by investigating the diversity at the N-terminal, central repeat, and the C-terminal regions. The results of the N-terminal region showed the presence of 2 different haplotypes with a haplotype diversity (Hapd) of 0.425 ± 0.00727. The presence of the unique insertion of NNNGDNGREGKDEDKRDGNN was reported. The KLKQP motif was conserved in all the studied isolates. At the central repeat region, 11 haplotypes were seen with a Hapd of 0.779 ± 0.00097. The analysis of the genetic diversity in the C-termi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66801626" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f7e37f3c8486dd30b0ae31b9dee771f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77853932,"asset_id":66801626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77853932/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58382600" href="https://uofk.academia.edu/EmmanuelSiddig">Emmanuel Siddig</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58382600" type="text/json">{"id":58382600,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Siddig","domain_name":"uofk","page_name":"EmmanuelSiddig","display_name":"Emmanuel Siddig","profile_url":"https://uofk.academia.edu/EmmanuelSiddig?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58382600/66848299/162310389/s65_emmanuel.siddig.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66801626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66801626"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66801626, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66801626", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66801626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66801626").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66801626").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66801626"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66801626]'), work: {"id":66801626,"title":"Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium Falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein in Sudan; The RTS,S Leading Malaria Vaccine Candidate","created_at":"2022-01-01T09:46:05.861-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66801626/Assessment_of_Genetic_Diversity_of_Plasmodium_Falciparum_Circumsporozoite_Protein_in_Sudan_The_RTS_S_Leading_Malaria_Vaccine_Candidate?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_66801626","summary":"The currently used malaria vaccine; the RTS,S, is designed based on the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). The PfCSP gene, besides having different polymorphic patterns, can vary between P. falciparum isolates due to geographical origin and host immune response. Such aspects are essential when considering the deployment of the RTS,S vaccine in a certain region. Therefore, in this study we assessed the genetic diversity of P. falciparum in Sudan based on the PfCSP gene by investigating the diversity at the N-terminal, central repeat, and the C-terminal regions. The results of the N-terminal region showed the presence of 2 different haplotypes with a haplotype diversity (Hapd) of 0.425 ± 0.00727. The presence of the unique insertion of NNNGDNGREGKDEDKRDGNN was reported. The KLKQP motif was conserved in all the studied isolates. At the central repeat region, 11 haplotypes were seen with a Hapd of 0.779 ± 0.00097. The analysis of the genetic diversity in the C-termi...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77853932,"asset_id":66801626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58382600,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Siddig","domain_name":"uofk","page_name":"EmmanuelSiddig","display_name":"Emmanuel Siddig","profile_url":"https://uofk.academia.edu/EmmanuelSiddig?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58382600/66848299/162310389/s65_emmanuel.siddig.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52084791 coauthored" data-work_id="52084791" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52084791/Molecular_surveillance_reveals_the_presence_of_pfhrp2_and_pfhrp3_gene_deletions_in_Plasmodium_falciparum_parasite_populations_in_Uganda_2017_2019">Molecular surveillance reveals the presence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in Uganda, 2017–2019</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the only RDTs recommended for malaria diagnosis in Uganda. However, the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2 and 3 (pfhrp2 and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52084791" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the only RDTs recommended for malaria diagnosis in Uganda. However, the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2 and 3 (pfhrp2 and pfhrp3) gene deletions threatens their usefulness as malaria diagnostic and surveillance tools. The pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions surveillance was conducted in P. falciparum parasite populations in Uganda. Methods Three-hundred (n = 300) P. falciparum isolates collected from cross-sectional malaria surveys in symptomatic individuals in 48 districts of eastern and western Uganda were analysed for the presence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. Presence of parasite DNA was confirmed by PCR amplification of the 18s rRNA gene, msp1 and msp2 single copy genes. Presence or absence of deletions was confirmed by amplification of exon1 and exon2 of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 using gene specific PCR. Results Overall, pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions were detected in 29/300 (9....</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52084791" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82a4ae7ed5cf0263449a2e001881e732" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69512276,"asset_id":52084791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69512276/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="163120696" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RhodaNamubiru">Rhoda Namubiru</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="163120696" type="text/json">{"id":163120696,"first_name":"Rhoda","last_name":"Namubiru","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RhodaNamubiru","display_name":"Rhoda Namubiru","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RhodaNamubiru?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/163120696/152320184/141916045/s65_rhoda.namubiru.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-52084791">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-52084791"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BoscoAgaba">Agaba Bosco</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-52084791'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-52084791').html(); 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However, the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2 and 3 (pfhrp2 and pfhrp3) gene deletions threatens their usefulness as malaria diagnostic and surveillance tools. The pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions surveillance was conducted in P. falciparum parasite populations in Uganda. Methods Three-hundred (n = 300) P. falciparum isolates collected from cross-sectional malaria surveys in symptomatic individuals in 48 districts of eastern and western Uganda were analysed for the presence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. Presence of parasite DNA was confirmed by PCR amplification of the 18s rRNA gene, msp1 and msp2 single copy genes. Presence or absence of deletions was confirmed by amplification of exon1 and exon2 of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 using gene specific PCR. Results Overall, pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions were detected in 29/300 (9....","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69512276,"asset_id":52084791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":163120696,"first_name":"Rhoda","last_name":"Namubiru","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RhodaNamubiru","display_name":"Rhoda Namubiru","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RhodaNamubiru?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/163120696/152320184/141916045/s65_rhoda.namubiru.png"},{"id":127678372,"first_name":"Agaba","last_name":"Bosco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BoscoAgaba","display_name":"Agaba Bosco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BoscoAgaba?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/127678372/32778401/29487977/s65_agaba.bosco.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51616911" data-work_id="51616911" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51616911/Private_sector_drug_shops_frequently_dispense_parenteral_anti_malarials_in_a_rural_region_of_Western_Uganda">Private sector drug shops frequently dispense parenteral anti-malarials in a rural region of Western Uganda</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51616911" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dac33099763e7e9ecfdbbb17da620958" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69263163,"asset_id":51616911,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69263163/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="128109106" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertBwambale1">Robert Bwambale</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="128109106" type="text/json">{"id":128109106,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Bwambale","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertBwambale1","display_name":"Robert Bwambale","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertBwambale1?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/128109106/63772987/52084233/s65_robert.bwambale.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51616911 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51616911"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51616911, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51616911", }); 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The purpose of the study was to estimate malaria endemicity and the fraction of malaria-attributable fevers in health facilities in Cotonou. A health care system... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33346626" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An estimated 40 % of the population in Benin lives in urban areas. The purpose of the study was to estimate malaria endemicity and the fraction of malaria-attributable fevers in health facilities in Cotonou. A health care system evaluation and a series of school parasitaemia surveys and health facility-based surveys were carried out during the dry season in of 2003, applying standard Rapid Urban Malaria Appraisal (RUMA) methodology. This study was part of a multi-site assessment supported by the Roll Back Malaria Partnership. The field work was carried out in February-March 2003. In 2002 and out of 289,342 consultations in the public health facilities of Cotonou there were 100,257 reported simple malaria cases (34.6%) and 12,195 complicated malaria cases (4.2%). In the school parasitaemia surveys, a malaria infection was found in 5.2 % of all samples. The prevalence rates of parasitaemia in the centre, intermediate and periphery zones were 2.6%, 9.0% and 2.5%, respectively. In the h...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33346626" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff101786ccaa73dadcbd334841bdea7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53405816,"asset_id":33346626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53405816/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65204597" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShrJieWang">Shr-Jie Wang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65204597" type="text/json">{"id":65204597,"first_name":"Shr-Jie","last_name":"Wang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShrJieWang","display_name":"Shr-Jie Wang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShrJieWang?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33346626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33346626"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33346626, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33346626", }); 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The purpose of the study was to estimate malaria endemicity and the fraction of malaria-attributable fevers in health facilities in Cotonou. A health care system evaluation and a series of school parasitaemia surveys and health facility-based surveys were carried out during the dry season in of 2003, applying standard Rapid Urban Malaria Appraisal (RUMA) methodology. This study was part of a multi-site assessment supported by the Roll Back Malaria Partnership. The field work was carried out in February-March 2003. In 2002 and out of 289,342 consultations in the public health facilities of Cotonou there were 100,257 reported simple malaria cases (34.6%) and 12,195 complicated malaria cases (4.2%). In the school parasitaemia surveys, a malaria infection was found in 5.2 % of all samples. The prevalence rates of parasitaemia in the centre, intermediate and periphery zones were 2.6%, 9.0% and 2.5%, respectively. In the h...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53405816,"asset_id":33346626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65204597,"first_name":"Shr-Jie","last_name":"Wang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShrJieWang","display_name":"Shr-Jie Wang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShrJieWang?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing 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u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="164" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology">Parasitology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="164" type="text/json">{"id":164,"name":"Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil">Brazil</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9821" type="text/json">{"id":9821,"name":"Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11002465]'), work: {"id":11002465,"title":"Real-time PCR diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax among blood 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data-work_id="13250735" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13250735/Malaria_associated_atypical_memory_B_cells_exhibit_markedly_reduced_B_cell_receptor_signaling_and_effector_function">Malaria-associated atypical memory B cells exhibit markedly reduced B cell receptor signaling and effector function</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13250735" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30444" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium">Plasmodium</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30444" type="text/json">{"id":30444,"name":"Plasmodium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13250735]'), work: {"id":13250735,"title":"Malaria-associated atypical memory B cells 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href="https://www.academia.edu/16334628/Migrants_as_a_Major_Risk_Group_for_Imported_Malaria_in_European_Countries">Migrants as a Major Risk Group for Imported Malaria in European Countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16334628" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b8ab07dfe943276b4966e8532a7deb08" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42517511,"asset_id":16334628,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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potent transmission-blocking activity in rodent models of malaria.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79397273" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1a1aaace45f1bbfedb838dd99c28b05" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86126263,"asset_id":79397273,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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} })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72680643" data-work_id="72680643" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72680643/Malaria_morbidity_and_mortality_in_Uganda">Malaria morbidity and mortality in Uganda</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda especially in children under five years. Transmission of malaria is perennial though there are seasonal exacerbations. Up to 70 per cent of outpatient cases and over 50 per... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72680643" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda especially in children under five years. Transmission of malaria is perennial though there are seasonal exacerbations. Up to 70 per cent of outpatient cases and over 50 per cent of inpatient admissions in the under fives are malaria cases. It is responsible for a specific death rate among this age group of 37/1000 and 18/1000 live births in high and low malaria endemic areas respectively or a total of 70,000–110,000 child health deaths annually. It is also the major killer of refugees and internally displaced people in Uganda. Malaria cases increased from 1,444,352 in 1995 to 2,923,620 in 1999. There is considerable malaria morbidity due to repeated low level and mostly non-febrile infections with the parasites resulting into chronic anaemia in children and pregnant women particularly primigravidae. Severe malarial anaemia is responsible for a case fatality rate of 8–25 per cent among paediatric admissions. It is resp...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72680643" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="73f775a2a6f2af7358a1152cb09988a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81513307,"asset_id":72680643,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81513307/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="138246067" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GertrudeKiwanuka">Gertrude Kiwanuka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="138246067" type="text/json">{"id":138246067,"first_name":"Gertrude","last_name":"Kiwanuka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GertrudeKiwanuka","display_name":"Gertrude Kiwanuka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GertrudeKiwanuka?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72680643 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72680643"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72680643, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72680643", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72680643]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72680643").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72680643").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72680643"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8828" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda">Uganda</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8828" type="text/json">{"id":8828,"name":"Uganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72680643]'), work: {"id":72680643,"title":"Malaria morbidity and mortality in Uganda","created_at":"2022-03-01T06:03:13.879-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72680643/Malaria_morbidity_and_mortality_in_Uganda?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_72680643","summary":"Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda especially in children under five years. 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Coverage of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) remains alarmingly low. Data was compiled from MiP programme reviews and performed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56525323" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) contributes to devastating maternal and neonatal outcomes. Coverage of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) remains alarmingly low. Data was compiled from MiP programme reviews and performed a literature search on access to and determinants of IPTp. National malaria control and reproductive health (RH) policies may be discordant. Integration may improve coverage. Medication stock-outs are a persistent problem. Quality improvement programmes are often not standardized. Capacity building varies across countries. Community engagement efforts primarily focus on promotion of services. The majority of challenges can be addressed at country level to improve IPTp coverage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56525323" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3abd996bfc6383cc62491e46fb543110" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71869576,"asset_id":56525323,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71869576/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49311602" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElaineRoman1">Elaine Roman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49311602" type="text/json">{"id":49311602,"first_name":"Elaine","last_name":"Roman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElaineRoman1","display_name":"Elaine Roman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElaineRoman1?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56525323 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56525323"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56525323, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56525323", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56525323]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56525323").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56525323").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56525323"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56525323]'), work: {"id":56525323,"title":"Determinants of uptake of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy: a review","created_at":"2021-10-08T04:17:37.720-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56525323/Determinants_of_uptake_of_intermittent_preventive_treatment_during_pregnancy_a_review?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_56525323","summary":"Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) contributes to devastating maternal and neonatal outcomes. 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49237594/Malaria_in_Indonesia_a_summary_of_recent_research_into_its_environmental_relationships">Malaria in Indonesia: a summary of recent research into its environmental relationships</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49237594" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b5a8c9eac2e20a87c139d5c3bf4fed6e" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49237594]'), work: {"id":49237594,"title":"Malaria in Indonesia: a summary of recent research into its environmental 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Vial","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HVial?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57137447/18246946/18221681/s65_h..vial.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":8501,"name":"Phospholipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phospholipids?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":30444,"name":"Plasmodium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=7823"},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":573267,"name":"Macaca Mulatta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaca_Mulatta?f_ri=7823"},{"id":758900,"name":"Lipid bilayers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipid_bilayers?f_ri=7823"},{"id":912092,"name":"Erythrocyte Membrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocyte_Membrane?f_ri=7823"},{"id":919274,"name":"Chloroquine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chloroquine?f_ri=7823"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=7823"},{"id":1145644,"name":"Lipid Bilayer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipid_Bilayer?f_ri=7823"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4209811" data-work_id="4209811" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4209811/Reviewing_the_literature_on_access_to_prompt_and_effective_malaria_treatment_in_Kenya_implications_for_meeting_the_Abuja_targets">Reviewing the literature on access to prompt and effective malaria treatment in Kenya: implications for meeting the Abuja targets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Effective case management is central to reducing malaria mortality and morbidity worldwide, but only a minority of those affected by malaria, have access to prompt effective treatment. In Kenya, the Division of Malaria Control... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4209811" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Effective case management is central to reducing malaria mortality and morbidity worldwide, but only a minority of those affected by malaria, have access to prompt effective treatment. In Kenya, the Division of Malaria Control is committed to ensuring that 80 percent of childhood fevers are treated with effective anti-malarial medicines within 24 hours of fever onset, but this target is largely unmet. This review aimed to document evidence on access to effective malaria treatment in Kenya, identify factors that influence access, and make recommendations on how to improve prompt access to effective malaria treatment. Since treatment-seeking patterns for malaria are similar in many settings in sub-Saharan Africa, the findings presented in this review have important lessons for other malaria endemic countries. Methods Internet searches were conducted in PUBMED (MEDLINE) and HINARI databases using specific search terms and strategies. Grey literature was obtained by soliciting reports from individual researchers working in the treatment-seeking field, from websites of major organizations involved in malaria control and from international reports. Results The review indicated that malaria treatment-seeking occurs mostly in the informal sector; that most fevers are treated, but treatment is often ineffective. Irrational drug use was identified as a problem in most studies, but determinants of this behaviour were not documented. Availability of non-recommended medicines over-the-counter and the presence of substandard anti-malarials in the market are well documented. Demand side determinants of access include perception of illness causes, severity and timing of treatment, perceptions of treatment efficacy, simplicity of regimens and ability to pay. Supply side determinants include distance to health facilities, availability of medicines, prescribing and dispensing practices and quality of medicines. Policy level factors are around the complexity and unclear messages regarding drug policy changes. Conclusion Kenya, like many other African countries, is still far from achieving the Abuja targets. The government, with support from donors, should invest adequately in mechanisms that promote access to effective treatment. Such approaches should focus on factors influencing multiple dimensions of access and will require the cooperation of all stakeholders working in malaria control.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4209811" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c0dc9195fffa42669b48f328853c8ef3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49985348,"asset_id":4209811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49985348/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5094036" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethJuma">Elizabeth Juma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5094036" type="text/json">{"id":5094036,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Juma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElizabethJuma","display_name":"Elizabeth Juma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethJuma?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5094036/2227211/2606810/s65_elizabeth.juma.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4209811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4209811"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4209811, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4209811", }); 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In Kenya, the Division of Malaria Control is committed to ensuring that 80 percent of childhood fevers are treated with effective anti-malarial medicines within 24 hours of fever onset, but this target is largely unmet. This review aimed to document evidence on access to effective malaria treatment in Kenya, identify factors that influence access, and make recommendations on how to improve prompt access to effective malaria treatment. Since treatment-seeking patterns for malaria are similar in many settings in sub-Saharan Africa, the findings presented in this review have important lessons for other malaria endemic countries. Methods Internet searches were conducted in PUBMED (MEDLINE) and HINARI databases using specific search terms and strategies. Grey literature was obtained by soliciting reports from individual researchers working in the treatment-seeking field, from websites of major organizations involved in malaria control and from international reports. Results The review indicated that malaria treatment-seeking occurs mostly in the informal sector; that most fevers are treated, but treatment is often ineffective. Irrational drug use was identified as a problem in most studies, but determinants of this behaviour were not documented. Availability of non-recommended medicines over-the-counter and the presence of substandard anti-malarials in the market are well documented. Demand side determinants of access include perception of illness causes, severity and timing of treatment, perceptions of treatment efficacy, simplicity of regimens and ability to pay. Supply side determinants include distance to health facilities, availability of medicines, prescribing and dispensing practices and quality of medicines. Policy level factors are around the complexity and unclear messages regarding drug policy changes. Conclusion Kenya, like many other African countries, is still far from achieving the Abuja targets. The government, with support from donors, should invest adequately in mechanisms that promote access to effective treatment. Such approaches should focus on factors influencing multiple dimensions of access and will require the cooperation of all stakeholders working in malaria control.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49985348,"asset_id":4209811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5094036,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Juma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElizabethJuma","display_name":"Elizabeth Juma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethJuma?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5094036/2227211/2606810/s65_elizabeth.juma.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":47665,"name":"Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Use?f_ri=7823"},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=7823"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823"},{"id":73757,"name":"Informal Sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informal_Sector?f_ri=7823"},{"id":187758,"name":"Case Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Management?f_ri=7823"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=7823"},{"id":611424,"name":"Sub Saharan Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sub_Saharan_Africa?f_ri=7823"},{"id":2549475,"name":"Health Services Accessibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Services_Accessibility?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5130224" data-work_id="5130224" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5130224/The_African_Millennium_Villages">The African Millennium Villages</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5130224" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43f10c12de6de00af5825807d2802e5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32334456,"asset_id":5130224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32334456/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6907069" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/RafaelFlor">Rafael Flor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6907069" type="text/json">{"id":6907069,"first_name":"Rafael","last_name":"Flor","domain_name":"columbia","page_name":"RafaelFlor","display_name":"Rafael Flor","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/RafaelFlor?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5130224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5130224"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5130224, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5130224", }); 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However, these combinations need to be administered for three days, which may limit adherence to treatment. The combination of dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6918391" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background The ACT recommended by WHO is very effective and well-tolerated. However, these combinations need to be administered for three days, which may limit adherence to treatment. The combination of dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine phosphate - trimethoprim (Artecom®, Odypharm Ltd), which involves treatment over two days, appears to be a good alternative, particularly in malaria-endemic areas. This study intends to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the combination dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine phosphate - trimethoprim (DPT) versus artemether - lumefantrine (AL) in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Senegal. Methods This was a randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial with a 28-day follow-up period comparing DPT to AL as the reference drug. The study involved patients of at least two years of age, suffering from acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria with fever. The WHO 2003 protocol was used. Results A total of 418 patients were included in the study and divided into two treatment groups: 212 in the DPT group and 206 in the AL group. The data analysis involved the 403 subjects who correctly followed the protocol (per protocol analysis), i.e. 206 (51.1%) in the DPT group and 197 (48.9%) in the AL group. The recovery rate at D14 was 100% in both treatment groups. The recovery rate at D28 was 99% in the DPT and AL groups before and after PCR results with one-sided 97.5% Confidence Interval of the rates difference > -1.90%. More than 96% of patients who received DPT were apyrexial 48 hours after treatment compared to 83.5% in the AL group (p < 0.001). More than 95% of the people in the DPT group had a parasite clearance time of 48 hours or less compared to approximately 90% in the AL group (p = 0.023). Both drugs were well tolerated. No serious adverse events were reported during the follow-up period. All of the adverse events observed were minor and did not result in the treatment being stopped in either treatment group. The main minor adverse events reported were vomiting, abdominal pain and pruritus. Conclusion The overall efficacy and tolerability of DPT are similar to those of AL. The ease of taking DPT and its short treatment course (two days) may help to improve adherence to treatment. Taken together, these findings make this medicinal product a treatment of choice for the effective management of malaria in Africa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6918391" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="130d4004630a88ae45b34b5cb8c7d3a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48669094,"asset_id":6918391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48669094/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11651805" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MoussaKone2">Moussa Kone</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11651805" type="text/json">{"id":11651805,"first_name":"Moussa","last_name":"Kone","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MoussaKone2","display_name":"Moussa Kone","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoussaKone2?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6918391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6918391"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6918391, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6918391", }); 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However, these combinations need to be administered for three days, which may limit adherence to treatment. The combination of dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine phosphate - trimethoprim (Artecom®, Odypharm Ltd), which involves treatment over two days, appears to be a good alternative, particularly in malaria-endemic areas. This study intends to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the combination dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine phosphate - trimethoprim (DPT) versus artemether - lumefantrine (AL) in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Senegal. Methods This was a randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial with a 28-day follow-up period comparing DPT to AL as the reference drug. The study involved patients of at least two years of age, suffering from acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria with fever. The WHO 2003 protocol was used. Results A total of 418 patients were included in the study and divided into two treatment groups: 212 in the DPT group and 206 in the AL group. The data analysis involved the 403 subjects who correctly followed the protocol (per protocol analysis), i.e. 206 (51.1%) in the DPT group and 197 (48.9%) in the AL group. The recovery rate at D14 was 100% in both treatment groups. The recovery rate at D28 was 99% in the DPT and AL groups before and after PCR results with one-sided 97.5% Confidence Interval of the rates difference \u003e -1.90%. More than 96% of patients who received DPT were apyrexial 48 hours after treatment compared to 83.5% in the AL group (p \u003c 0.001). More than 95% of the people in the DPT group had a parasite clearance time of 48 hours or less compared to approximately 90% in the AL group (p = 0.023). Both drugs were well tolerated. No serious adverse events were reported during the follow-up period. All of the adverse events observed were minor and did not result in the treatment being stopped in either treatment group. The main minor adverse events reported were vomiting, abdominal pain and pruritus. Conclusion The overall efficacy and tolerability of DPT are similar to those of AL. The ease of taking DPT and its short treatment course (two days) may help to improve adherence to treatment. Taken together, these findings make this medicinal product a treatment of choice for the effective management of malaria in Africa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48669094,"asset_id":6918391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11651805,"first_name":"Moussa","last_name":"Kone","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MoussaKone2","display_name":"Moussa Kone","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoussaKone2?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4205,"name":"Data Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical 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Ivoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cote_D_Ivoire?f_ri=7823"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13299659" data-work_id="13299659" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13299659/Knowlesi_malaria_newly_emergent_and_of_public_health_importance">Knowlesi malaria: newly emergent and of public health importance?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13299659]'), work: {"id":13299659,"title":"Knowlesi malaria: newly emergent and of public health importance?","created_at":"2015-06-25T22:30:09.711-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13299659/Knowlesi_malaria_newly_emergent_and_of_public_health_importance?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_13299659","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45496675,"asset_id":13299659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32551644,"first_name":"balbir","last_name":"singh","domain_name":"jjtu","page_name":"balbirsingh","display_name":"balbir 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13672176 coauthored" data-work_id="13672176" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13672176/Sickle_cell_disease_and_malaria_morbidity_a_tale_with_two_tails">Sickle cell disease and malaria morbidity: a tale with two tails</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13672176" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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Williams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32898188" type="text/json">{"id":32898188,"first_name":"Thomas n.","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThomasnWilliams","display_name":"Thomas n. Williams","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasnWilliams?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13672176">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13672176"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SObaro">Stephen Obaro</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13672176'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13672176').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13672176 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13672176"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13672176, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13672176", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13672176 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13672176; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13672176"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13672176 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13672176"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13672176; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13672176]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13672176").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13672176").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13672176"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5569" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sickle_Cell_Anemia">Sickle Cell Anemia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5569" type="text/json">{"id":5569,"name":"Sickle Cell Anemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sickle_Cell_Anemia?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17969" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy">Health Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17969" type="text/json">{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13672176]'), work: {"id":13672176,"title":"Sickle cell disease and malaria morbidity: a tale with two tails","created_at":"2015-07-05T17:27:36.704-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13672176/Sickle_cell_disease_and_malaria_morbidity_a_tale_with_two_tails?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_13672176","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45078475,"asset_id":13672176,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32898188,"first_name":"Thomas n.","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThomasnWilliams","display_name":"Thomas n. Williams","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasnWilliams?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32750789,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Obaro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SObaro","display_name":"Stephen Obaro","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SObaro?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":5569,"name":"Sickle Cell Anemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sickle_Cell_Anemia?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823"},{"id":98560,"name":"Sickle Cell Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sickle_Cell_Disease?f_ri=7823"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=7823"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=7823"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14215070" data-work_id="14215070" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14215070/Impact_of_malaria_and_helminth_infections_on_immunogenicity_of_the_human_papillomavirus_16_18_AS04_adjuvanted_vaccine_in_Tanzania">Impact of malaria and helminth infections on immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in Tanzania</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Endemic malaria and helminth infections in sub-Saharan Africa can act as immunological modulators and impact responses to standard immunizations. We conducted a cohort study to measure the influence of malaria and helminth infections on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14215070" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Endemic malaria and helminth infections in sub-Saharan Africa can act as immunological modulators and impact responses to standard immunizations. We conducted a cohort study to measure the influence of malaria and helminth infections on the immunogenicity of the bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine. We evaluated the association between malaria and helminth infections, and HPV-16/18 antibody responses among 298 Tanzanian females aged 10-25 years enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of the HPV-16/18 vaccine. Malaria parasitaemia was diagnosed by examination of blood smears, and helminth infections were diagnosed by examination of urine and stool samples, respectively. Geometric mean antibody titres (GMT) against HPV-16/18 antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parasitic infections were common; one-third (30.4%) of participants had a helminth infection and 10.2% had malaria parasitaemia. Overall, the vaccine induced high HPV-16/18 GMTs, and there was no evidence of a...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14215070" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3ed0126f3d1c13e5267b6aa82cef340" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41191262,"asset_id":14215070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41191262/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33201462" href="https://ucsf.academia.edu/JoelleBrown">Joelle Brown</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33201462" type="text/json">{"id":33201462,"first_name":"Joelle","last_name":"Brown","domain_name":"ucsf","page_name":"JoelleBrown","display_name":"Joelle Brown","profile_url":"https://ucsf.academia.edu/JoelleBrown?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14215070 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14215070"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14215070, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14215070", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14215070]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14215070").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14215070").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14215070"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23241" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23241" type="text/json">{"id":23241,"name":"Tanzania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14215070]'), work: {"id":14215070,"title":"Impact of malaria and helminth infections on immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in Tanzania","created_at":"2015-07-20T11:32:41.411-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14215070/Impact_of_malaria_and_helminth_infections_on_immunogenicity_of_the_human_papillomavirus_16_18_AS04_adjuvanted_vaccine_in_Tanzania?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_14215070","summary":"Endemic malaria and helminth infections in sub-Saharan Africa can act as immunological modulators and impact responses to standard immunizations. We conducted a cohort study to measure the influence of malaria and helminth infections on the immunogenicity of the bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine. We evaluated the association between malaria and helminth infections, and HPV-16/18 antibody responses among 298 Tanzanian females aged 10-25 years enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of the HPV-16/18 vaccine. Malaria parasitaemia was diagnosed by examination of blood smears, and helminth infections were diagnosed by examination of urine and stool samples, respectively. Geometric mean antibody titres (GMT) against HPV-16/18 antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parasitic infections were common; one-third (30.4%) of participants had a helminth infection and 10.2% had malaria parasitaemia. Overall, the vaccine induced high HPV-16/18 GMTs, and there was no evidence of a...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41191262,"asset_id":14215070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":41190900,"asset_id":14215070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33201462,"first_name":"Joelle","last_name":"Brown","domain_name":"ucsf","page_name":"JoelleBrown","display_name":"Joelle Brown","profile_url":"https://ucsf.academia.edu/JoelleBrown?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":23241,"name":"Tanzania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":50351,"name":"HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HUMAN_PAPILLOMAVIRUS?f_ri=7823"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=7823"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=7823"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=7823"},{"id":150847,"name":"Vaccine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccine?f_ri=7823"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=7823"},{"id":1021862,"name":"Lipid A","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipid_A?f_ri=7823"},{"id":1111004,"name":"Helminthiasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helminthiasis?f_ri=7823"},{"id":1362522,"name":"Aluminum Hydroxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aluminum_Hydroxide?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16147732" data-work_id="16147732" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16147732/Application_of_principal_component_analysis_to_study_topography_of_hypoxic_ischemic_brain_injury">Application of principal component analysis to study topography of hypoxic–ischemic brain injury</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16147732" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="34bfc363d6707c64bd1b9baa314ad48b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42669651,"asset_id":16147732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42669651/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35258465" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SSinghal1">S. Singhal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35258465" type="text/json">{"id":35258465,"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Singhal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SSinghal1","display_name":"S. Singhal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SSinghal1?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16147732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16147732"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16147732, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16147732", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16147732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16147732; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16147732"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16147732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16147732"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16147732; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16147732]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16147732").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16147732").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16147732"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16147732]'), work: {"id":16147732,"title":"Application of principal component analysis to study topography of hypoxic–ischemic brain injury","created_at":"2015-09-24T18:00:44.173-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16147732/Application_of_principal_component_analysis_to_study_topography_of_hypoxic_ischemic_brain_injury?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_16147732","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42669651,"asset_id":16147732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35258465,"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Singhal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SSinghal1","display_name":"S. Singhal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SSinghal1?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":505,"name":"Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=7823"},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=7823"},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=7823"},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823"},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823"},{"id":9339,"name":"Raman Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy?f_ri=7823"},{"id":14907,"name":"Industrial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Biotechnology?f_ri=7823"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=7823"},{"id":60285,"name":"Atmospheric sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":69100,"name":"Data Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Science?f_ri=7823"},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=7823"},{"id":519355,"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthopaedic_Surgery?f_ri=7823"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=7823"},{"id":2070034,"name":"Data Format","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Format?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20909406" data-work_id="20909406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20909406/Epidemiological_transition_of_some_diseases_in_Oman_a_situational_analysis">Epidemiological transition of some diseases in Oman: a situational analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the past 35 years Oman has undergone a rapid socioeconomic and epidemiological transition leading to a steep reduction in child and adult mortality and morbidity due to the decline of various communicable diseases, including... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20909406" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the past 35 years Oman has undergone a rapid socioeconomic and epidemiological transition leading to a steep reduction in child and adult mortality and morbidity due to the decline of various communicable diseases, including vaccine-preventable diseases. Good governance and planning, together with leadership and commitment by the government, has been a critical factor in this reduction. However, with increasing prosperity, lifestyle-related noncommunicable diseases have emerged as new health challenges to the country, with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity in the lead among other chronic conditions. Appropriate prevention strategies for reducing the burden of noncommunicable diseases are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20909406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ac6d722958c97b831a05cd1ef3a9dd5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41624247,"asset_id":20909406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41624247/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32996424" href="https://squ.academia.edu/ShyamGanguly">Prof. Shyam Ganguly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32996424" type="text/json">{"id":32996424,"first_name":"Prof. Shyam","last_name":"Ganguly","domain_name":"squ","page_name":"ShyamGanguly","display_name":"Prof. Shyam Ganguly","profile_url":"https://squ.academia.edu/ShyamGanguly?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32996424/10019447/11175576/s65_shyam.ganguly.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20909406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20909406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20909406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20909406", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20909406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20909406; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20909406"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20909406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20909406"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20909406; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20909406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20909406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20909406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20909406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3851" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity">Obesity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3851" type="text/json">{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7471" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style">Life Style</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7471" type="text/json">{"id":7471,"name":"Life Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7583" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Planning">Health Planning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7583" type="text/json">{"id":7583,"name":"Health Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Planning?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20909406]'), work: {"id":20909406,"title":"Epidemiological transition of some diseases in Oman: a situational analysis","created_at":"2016-01-27T02:47:01.535-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20909406/Epidemiological_transition_of_some_diseases_in_Oman_a_situational_analysis?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_20909406","summary":"During the past 35 years Oman has undergone a rapid socioeconomic and epidemiological transition leading to a steep reduction in child and adult mortality and morbidity due to the decline of various communicable diseases, including vaccine-preventable diseases. Good governance and planning, together with leadership and commitment by the government, has been a critical factor in this reduction. However, with increasing prosperity, lifestyle-related noncommunicable diseases have emerged as new health challenges to the country, with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity in the lead among other chronic conditions. Appropriate prevention strategies for reducing the burden of noncommunicable diseases are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41624247,"asset_id":20909406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32996424,"first_name":"Prof. Shyam","last_name":"Ganguly","domain_name":"squ","page_name":"ShyamGanguly","display_name":"Prof. Shyam Ganguly","profile_url":"https://squ.academia.edu/ShyamGanguly?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32996424/10019447/11175576/s65_shyam.ganguly.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7471,"name":"Life Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Style?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7583,"name":"Health Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Planning?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=7823"},{"id":13734,"name":"Communicable Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases?f_ri=7823"},{"id":24735,"name":"Cardiovascular disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_disease?f_ri=7823"},{"id":55966,"name":"Good Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Governance?f_ri=7823"},{"id":57633,"name":"Oman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oman?f_ri=7823"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=7823"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823"},{"id":65981,"name":"Needs Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Needs_Assessment?f_ri=7823"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus?f_ri=7823"},{"id":399434,"name":"Morbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morbidity?f_ri=7823"},{"id":559242,"name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_Diseases?f_ri=7823"},{"id":805916,"name":"Child mortality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_mortality?f_ri=7823"},{"id":876952,"name":"Communicable disease control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_disease_control?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69953311" data-work_id="69953311" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69953311/Fitness_characteristics_of_the_malaria_vector_Anopheles_funestus_during_an_attempted_laboratory_colonization">Fitness characteristics of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus during an attempted laboratory colonization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background The malaria vector Anopheles funestus is increasingly recognized as a dominant vector of residual transmission in many African settings. Efforts to better understand its biology and control are significantly impeded by the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69953311" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background The malaria vector Anopheles funestus is increasingly recognized as a dominant vector of residual transmission in many African settings. Efforts to better understand its biology and control are significantly impeded by the difficulties of colonizing it under laboratory conditions. To identify key bottlenecks in colonization, this study compared the development and fitness characteristics of wild An. funestus from Tanzania (FUTAZ) and their F1 offspring during colonization attempts. The demography and reproductive success of wild FUTAZ offspring were compared to that of individuals from one of the only An. funestus strains that has been successfully colonized (FUMOZ, from Mozambique) under similar laboratory conditions. Methods Wild An. funestus (FUTAZ) were collected from three Tanzanian villages and maintained inside an insectary at 70–85% RH, 25–27 °C and 12 h:12 h photoperiod. Eggs from these females were used to establish three replicate F1 laboratory generations. Lar...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69953311" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1cb3025343288827a750c0f051f0d003" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79855559,"asset_id":69953311,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79855559/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="143394784" href="https://glasgow.academia.edu/JasonMatthiopoulos">Jason Matthiopoulos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="143394784" type="text/json">{"id":143394784,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Matthiopoulos","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"JasonMatthiopoulos","display_name":"Jason Matthiopoulos","profile_url":"https://glasgow.academia.edu/JasonMatthiopoulos?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/143394784/71006991/59441901/s65_jason.matthiopoulos.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69953311 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69953311"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69953311, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69953311", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69953311 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69953311; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69953311"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69953311 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69953311"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69953311; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69953311]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69953311").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69953311").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69953311"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69953311]'), work: {"id":69953311,"title":"Fitness characteristics of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus during an attempted laboratory colonization","created_at":"2022-01-29T12:13:23.357-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69953311/Fitness_characteristics_of_the_malaria_vector_Anopheles_funestus_during_an_attempted_laboratory_colonization?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_69953311","summary":"Background The malaria vector Anopheles funestus is increasingly recognized as a dominant vector of residual transmission in many African settings. Efforts to better understand its biology and control are significantly impeded by the difficulties of colonizing it under laboratory conditions. To identify key bottlenecks in colonization, this study compared the development and fitness characteristics of wild An. funestus from Tanzania (FUTAZ) and their F1 offspring during colonization attempts. The demography and reproductive success of wild FUTAZ offspring were compared to that of individuals from one of the only An. funestus strains that has been successfully colonized (FUMOZ, from Mozambique) under similar laboratory conditions. Methods Wild An. funestus (FUTAZ) were collected from three Tanzanian villages and maintained inside an insectary at 70–85% RH, 25–27 °C and 12 h:12 h photoperiod. Eggs from these females were used to establish three replicate F1 laboratory generations. Lar...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79855559,"asset_id":69953311,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":143394784,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Matthiopoulos","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"JasonMatthiopoulos","display_name":"Jason Matthiopoulos","profile_url":"https://glasgow.academia.edu/JasonMatthiopoulos?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/143394784/71006991/59441901/s65_jason.matthiopoulos.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65187791" data-work_id="65187791" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65187791/Plasmodium_falciparum_pre_erythrocytic_stage_vaccine_development">Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Worldwide strategies between 2010 and 2017 aimed at controlling malarial parasites (mainly Plasmodium falciparum) led to a reduction of just 18% regarding disease incidence rates. Many biologically-derived anti-malarial vaccine candidates... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65187791" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Worldwide strategies between 2010 and 2017 aimed at controlling malarial parasites (mainly Plasmodium falciparum) led to a reduction of just 18% regarding disease incidence rates. Many biologically-derived anti-malarial vaccine candidates have been developed to date; this has involved using many experimental animals, an immense amount of work and the investment of millions of dollars. This review provides an overview of the current state and the main results of clinical trials for sporozoite-targeting vaccines (i.e. the parasite stage infecting the liver) carried out by research groups in areas having variable malaria transmission rates. However, none has led to promising results regarding the effective control of the disease, thereby making it necessary to complement such efforts at finding/introducing new vaccine candidates by adopting a multi-epitope, multi-stage approach, based on minimal subunits of the main sporozoite proteins involved in the invasion of the liver.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65187791" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2c48597db6d9ee44d9b8729fdfe938c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76894754,"asset_id":65187791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76894754/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="205098040" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnyCamargo4">Anny Camargo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="205098040" type="text/json">{"id":205098040,"first_name":"Anny","last_name":"Camargo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnyCamargo4","display_name":"Anny Camargo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnyCamargo4?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/205098040/65747404/54088527/s65_anny.camargo.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65187791 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65187791"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65187791, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65187791", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65187791]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65187791").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65187791").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65187791"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65187791]'), work: {"id":65187791,"title":"Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine development","created_at":"2021-12-20T05:29:22.579-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65187791/Plasmodium_falciparum_pre_erythrocytic_stage_vaccine_development?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_65187791","summary":"Worldwide strategies between 2010 and 2017 aimed at controlling malarial parasites (mainly Plasmodium falciparum) led to a reduction of just 18% regarding disease incidence rates. Many biologically-derived anti-malarial vaccine candidates have been developed to date; this has involved using many experimental animals, an immense amount of work and the investment of millions of dollars. This review provides an overview of the current state and the main results of clinical trials for sporozoite-targeting vaccines (i.e. the parasite stage infecting the liver) carried out by research groups in areas having variable malaria transmission rates. However, none has led to promising results regarding the effective control of the disease, thereby making it necessary to complement such efforts at finding/introducing new vaccine candidates by adopting a multi-epitope, multi-stage approach, based on minimal subunits of the main sporozoite proteins involved in the invasion of the liver.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76894754,"asset_id":65187791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":205098040,"first_name":"Anny","last_name":"Camargo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnyCamargo4","display_name":"Anny Camargo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnyCamargo4?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/205098040/65747404/54088527/s65_anny.camargo.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60972236" data-work_id="60972236" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60972236/Development_of_genetically_modified_mosquitoes_in_Africa">Development of genetically modified mosquitoes in Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60972236" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e5a526bc718c3ad0006dbc6011a29d54" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74182747,"asset_id":60972236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74182747/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42405226" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HMshinda">Hassan Mshinda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42405226" type="text/json">{"id":42405226,"first_name":"Hassan","last_name":"Mshinda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HMshinda","display_name":"Hassan Mshinda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HMshinda?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42405226/51862863/39953277/s65_hassan.mshinda.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60972236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60972236"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60972236, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60972236", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60972236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60972236; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60972236"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60972236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60972236"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60972236; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60972236]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60972236").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60972236").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60972236"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60972236]'), work: {"id":60972236,"title":"Development of genetically modified mosquitoes in Africa","created_at":"2021-11-03T22:25:33.400-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60972236/Development_of_genetically_modified_mosquitoes_in_Africa?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_60972236","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74182747,"asset_id":60972236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42405226,"first_name":"Hassan","last_name":"Mshinda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HMshinda","display_name":"Hassan Mshinda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HMshinda?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42405226/51862863/39953277/s65_hassan.mshinda.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=7823"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":323164,"name":"Genetically Modified","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetically_Modified?f_ri=7823"},{"id":473846,"name":"Culicidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culicidae?f_ri=7823"},{"id":676073,"name":"Biological Pest Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Pest_Control?f_ri=7823"},{"id":2002363,"name":"Insect Vectors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_Vectors?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60487296" data-work_id="60487296" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60487296/Reactive_Case_Detection_RACD_and_foci_investigation_strategies_in_malaria_control_and_elimination_a_review">Reactive Case Detection (RACD) and foci investigation strategies in malaria control and elimination: a review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Reactive case detection (RACD) and foci investigation are key strategies in malaria elimination and prevention of its re-establishment. They are a key part of surveillance that has been recommended by the World Health... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60487296" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Reactive case detection (RACD) and foci investigation are key strategies in malaria elimination and prevention of its re-establishment. They are a key part of surveillance that has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be considered as a core intervention and as one of the three pillars of the Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030. Methods A search using the key words “Reactive Case Detection”, “RACD”, “RCD” and “Malaria” was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Taylor and Francis online databases for studies published until 31st July 2019. The inclusion criteria for selection of articles for review included (1) how RACD is implemented in each country; (2) challenges faced in RACD implementation; (3) suggestions on how the effectiveness of RACD process can be improved. Results 411 titles were identified, 41 full text articles were screened and 29 were found eligible for inclusion in the review. Published literature on RACD, and case and foci inves...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60487296" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="998c15600835e758d0b6c86d9c82b0cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73910990,"asset_id":60487296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73910990/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45830061" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmandhiCaldera">Amandhi Caldera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45830061" type="text/json">{"id":45830061,"first_name":"Amandhi","last_name":"Caldera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmandhiCaldera","display_name":"Amandhi Caldera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmandhiCaldera?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60487296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60487296"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60487296, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60487296", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60487296]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60487296").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60487296").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60487296"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60487296]'), work: {"id":60487296,"title":"Reactive Case Detection (RACD) and foci investigation strategies in malaria control and elimination: a review","created_at":"2021-10-30T19:56:46.859-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60487296/Reactive_Case_Detection_RACD_and_foci_investigation_strategies_in_malaria_control_and_elimination_a_review?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_60487296","summary":"Background Reactive case detection (RACD) and foci investigation are key strategies in malaria elimination and prevention of its re-establishment. They are a key part of surveillance that has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be considered as a core intervention and as one of the three pillars of the Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030. Methods A search using the key words “Reactive Case Detection”, “RACD”, “RCD” and “Malaria” was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Taylor and Francis online databases for studies published until 31st July 2019. The inclusion criteria for selection of articles for review included (1) how RACD is implemented in each country; (2) challenges faced in RACD implementation; (3) suggestions on how the effectiveness of RACD process can be improved. Results 411 titles were identified, 41 full text articles were screened and 29 were found eligible for inclusion in the review. Published literature on RACD, and case and foci inves...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73910990,"asset_id":60487296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45830061,"first_name":"Amandhi","last_name":"Caldera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmandhiCaldera","display_name":"Amandhi Caldera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmandhiCaldera?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49119391" data-work_id="49119391" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49119391/_Identification_of_Anopheles_maculipennis_group_species_using_polymerase_chain_reaction_PCR_in_the_regions_of_Birecik_Bey%C5%9Fehir_and_Cankiri_">[Identification of Anopheles maculipennis group species using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the regions of Birecik, Beyşehir and Cankiri]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Malaria is the most important vector borne disease in the world and is endemic in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Most important vector species for this disease are found within the Anopheles maculipennis group that is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49119391" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Malaria is the most important vector borne disease in the world and is endemic in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Most important vector species for this disease are found within the Anopheles maculipennis group that is distributed in the Palaearctic Region. The aim of this study was to identify the species of this group distributed within the regions of Birecik, Beyşehir and Cankiri using molecular methods. The results of the molecular analysis indicated that only populations of An. sacharovi which is the main malaria vector in our country are found in Biricik. Anopheles maculipennis s.s, Anopheles melanoon and An. sacharovi were identified in the Beyşehir region and An. maculipennis s.s and An. Sacharovi, in the Cankiri region. The most abundant species in Beyşehir and Cankiri has been determined to be An. maculipennis s.s.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49119391" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3e0a95b6c9ff371b421cc5b0904b85e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67511473,"asset_id":49119391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67511473/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="97417576" href="https://hacettepe.academia.edu/SelimSualpCaglar">Selim Sualp Caglar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="97417576" type="text/json">{"id":97417576,"first_name":"Selim Sualp","last_name":"Caglar","domain_name":"hacettepe","page_name":"SelimSualpCaglar","display_name":"Selim Sualp Caglar","profile_url":"https://hacettepe.academia.edu/SelimSualpCaglar?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/97417576/22038432/21282769/s65_selim_sualp.caglar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49119391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49119391"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49119391, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49119391", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49119391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49119391; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49119391"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49119391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49119391"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49119391; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49119391]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49119391").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49119391").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49119391"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10966" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey">Turkey</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10966" type="text/json">{"id":10966,"name":"Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96081" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles">Anopheles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="96081" type="text/json">{"id":96081,"name":"Anopheles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49119391]'), work: {"id":49119391,"title":"[Identification of Anopheles maculipennis group species using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the regions of Birecik, Beyşehir and Cankiri]","created_at":"2021-06-03T22:13:24.278-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49119391/_Identification_of_Anopheles_maculipennis_group_species_using_polymerase_chain_reaction_PCR_in_the_regions_of_Birecik_Bey%C5%9Fehir_and_Cankiri_?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_49119391","summary":"Malaria is the most important vector borne disease in the world and is endemic in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Most important vector species for this disease are found within the Anopheles maculipennis group that is distributed in the Palaearctic Region. The aim of this study was to identify the species of this group distributed within the regions of Birecik, Beyşehir and Cankiri using molecular methods. The results of the molecular analysis indicated that only populations of An. sacharovi which is the main malaria vector in our country are found in Biricik. Anopheles maculipennis s.s, Anopheles melanoon and An. sacharovi were identified in the Beyşehir region and An. maculipennis s.s and An. Sacharovi, in the Cankiri region. The most abundant species in Beyşehir and Cankiri has been determined to be An. maculipennis s.s.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67511473,"asset_id":49119391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":97417576,"first_name":"Selim Sualp","last_name":"Caglar","domain_name":"hacettepe","page_name":"SelimSualpCaglar","display_name":"Selim Sualp Caglar","profile_url":"https://hacettepe.academia.edu/SelimSualpCaglar?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/97417576/22038432/21282769/s65_selim_sualp.caglar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":10966,"name":"Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":96081,"name":"Anopheles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=7823"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=7823"},{"id":973347,"name":"Ribosomal DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ribosomal_DNA?f_ri=7823"},{"id":2002363,"name":"Insect Vectors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_Vectors?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48087465" data-work_id="48087465" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48087465/Die_Malaria_im_R%C3%B6mischen_Kaiserreich_eine_bemerkenswerte_Textstelle_in_den_Digesten">Die Malaria im Römischen Kaiserreich: eine bemerkenswerte Textstelle in den Digesten</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue 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class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71004823" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasHassl">Andreas Hassl</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71004823" type="text/json">{"id":71004823,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Hassl","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndreasHassl","display_name":"Andreas Hassl","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasHassl?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48087465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48087465"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48087465, container: 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48087465]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48087465").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48087465").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48087465"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_History">Medical History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60428" type="text/json">{"id":60428,"name":"Medical History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_History?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48087465]'), work: {"id":48087465,"title":"Die Malaria im Römischen Kaiserreich: eine bemerkenswerte Textstelle in den Digesten","created_at":"2021-05-04T00:44:16.405-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48087465/Die_Malaria_im_R%C3%B6mischen_Kaiserreich_eine_bemerkenswerte_Textstelle_in_den_Digesten?f_ri=7823","dom_id":"work_48087465","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66882106,"asset_id":48087465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71004823,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Hassl","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndreasHassl","display_name":"Andreas Hassl","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasHassl?f_ri=7823","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":60428,"name":"Medical History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_History?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=7823"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=7823"},{"id":516060,"name":"Roman World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_World?f_ri=7823"},{"id":3149033,"name":"Plasmodium malariae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_malariae?f_ri=7823"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48031854" data-work_id="48031854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48031854/DDT_contamination_from_indoor_residual_spraying_for_malaria_control">DDT contamination from indoor residual spraying for malaria control</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48031854" data-share-source="work_strip" 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controversial. This study aimed to determine the positive yield of lumbar punctures in a setting where routine lumbar puncture is routinely carried out and to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14494242" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Performing routine lumbar punctures in children with febrile seizures has been controversial. This study aimed to determine the positive yield of lumbar punctures in a setting where routine lumbar puncture is routinely carried out and to determine if any other parameter could ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14494242" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b69a70b719c789c83127d10317177987" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44113629,"asset_id":14494242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44113629/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNzM3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33441517" href="https://atmenson.academia.edu/DanielAnsong">Daniel Ansong</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33441517" type="text/json">{"id":33441517,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Ansong","domain_name":"atmenson","page_name":"DanielAnsong","display_name":"Daniel Ansong","profile_url":"https://atmenson.academia.edu/DanielAnsong?f_ri=7823","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33441517/17953438/17965351/s65_daniel.ansong.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14494242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14494242"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14494242, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14494242", }); 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work_18226565" data-work_id="18226565" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18226565/Protective_effects_of_the_sickle_cell_gene_against_malaria_morbidity_and_mortality">Protective effects of the sickle cell gene against malaria morbidity and mortality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18226565" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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type="text/json">{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98560" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sickle_Cell_Disease">Sickle Cell Disease</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="98560" type="text/json">{"id":98560,"name":"Sickle Cell Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sickle_Cell_Disease?f_ri=7823","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18226565]'), work: {"id":18226565,"title":"Protective effects of the sickle cell gene against 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