Zeus - World History Encyclopedia

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Zeus is often referred to as the Father, as the god of thunder, and the 'cloud-gatherer'. Zeus controlled the weather and offered signs and omens. Zeus generally dispensed justice, guaranteeing order amongst both the..." data-pin-count="beside" > </a> </div> <h2>Definition</h2> <div id="tag_definition_text"> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="ci_info"> <div class="ci_author_image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="Mark Cartwright" src="/uploads/profile_photos/150-markzcartwright.JPG" width="50" height="50"> </div> <div class="ci_author trans block"> by <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="author" title="User Page: Mark Cartwright">Mark Cartwright</a> <br/> published on 25 May 2013 </div> </div> <div class="pre_article_section"> <div class="translations_header"> <div class="translations_title">Available in other languages: <a href="/trans/fr/1-538/zeus/" class="translation_link fr " rel="alternate">French</a>, <a href="/trans/it/1-538/zeus/" class="translation_link it " rel="alternate">Italian</a>, <a href="/trans/pt/1-538/zeus/" class="translation_link pt " rel="alternate">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/trans/es/1-538/zeus/" class="translation_link es " rel="alternate">Spanish</a>, <a href="/trans/tr/1-538/tanri-kral-zeus/" class="translation_link tr " rel="alternate">Turkish</a></div> </div> <div id="audio-outer-wrapper"> <iframe id="audio-frame-contents" data-src="/audioplayer/en/1-538/" height="80" width="100%" frameborder="no" scrolling="no"></iframe> </div> <script> pageReady.then(()=>{ jsQueue(()=>{ let litPlayer = $('#audio-frame-contents'); if (litPlayer) { litPlayer.attr('src',litPlayer.attr('data-src')); } }); }); </script> <style> #audio-outer-wrapper { height: 80px; width: 100%; margin: 1em 0em; } #audio-frame-contents { background-image: url("/template/images/loading-audio-3.png"); background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; max-height: 80px; } </style> <div class="pre_article_buttons no_print"> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Ancient_Greece+Dodona+God+greece+Greek_Mythology+Greek_Religion+jupiter+Leda+mythology+Sarpedon+sisyphus+Statue_of_Zeus_at_Olympia+zeus" class="topic_subscribe outline_button">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="/interestemails/?author=markzcartwright" class="outline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to author</a> <span class="outline_button print_button" onclick="printButtonClicked();">Print Article</span> <span class="outline_button pdf_button" onclick="pdfButtonClicked();">PDF</span> <script> function printButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ga4Event('print_button','clicked',AHE.canonicalPath); window.print(); }); } function pdfButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ahe_dialogue('/template/files/print-to-pdf-dialogue.php?v='+AHE.lastDeploy,400,null,'PDF') }); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="body"> <article> <figure class="definition_image"> <a href="/image/1245/head-of-zeus-artemesium-bronze/" title="Head of Zeus, Artemesium Bronze"> <picture>  <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/1245.jpg.webp?v=1742298964 300w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/1245.jpg.webp?v=1742298964 600w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/1245.jpg?v=1742298964 300w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/1245.jpg?v=1742298964 600w" type="image/jpeg"> <img src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/1245.jpg?v=1742298964" width="300" height="400" alt="Head of Zeus, Artemesium Bronze (by Robert H.Consoli, Copyright)" title="Head of Zeus, Artemesium Bronze (by Robert H.Consoli, Copyright)" class="tag_definition_image" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Head of Zeus, Artemesium Bronze</div><div class="figauthor">Robert H.Consoli (Copyright)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1245/head-of-zeus-artemesium-bronze/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1245/head-of-zeus-artemesium-bronze/","caption":"A detail of the Artemesium bronze believed to represent Zeus (or Poseidon), 460 BCE. (National Archaeological Museum, Athens).","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/1245.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Robert H.Consoli - Copyright - You cannot use, copy, distribute, or modify this item without explicit permission from the author.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Robert H.Consoli"},"creditText":"Robert H.Consoli / SquinchPix","dateModified":"2025-04-09T11:00:06+0000","datePublished":"2013-05-25T17:03:02+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Head of Zeus, Artemesium Bronze","height":"1333","isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"http://www.squinchpix.com/searchn.php?zoom_query=^4351&dmode=gallery"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1245/head-of-zeus-artemesium-bronze/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":true,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1245/head-of-zeus-artemesium-bronze/","width":"1000"} </script> <p>Zeus was the king of the <a href="/collection/58/the-12-olympian-gods/">12 Olympian gods</a> and the supreme <a href="/God/">god</a> in <a href="/Greek_Religion/">Greek religion</a>. Zeus is often referred to as the Father, as the god of thunder, and the 'cloud-gatherer'. Zeus controlled the weather and offered signs and omens. Zeus generally dispensed justice, guaranteeing order amongst both the gods and humanity from his seat high on Mt. Olympus.</p> <h3>Zeus & <a href="/Cronus/">Cronus</a></h3> <p>Zeus' father was Cronus and his mother <a href="/Rhea/">Rhea</a>. Cronus had usurped control of the heavens from his father Ouranos and he was constantly wary of not having the same thing happen to him from his own children. To pre-empt any takeover he, therefore, swallowed all of his children: <a href="/Hestia/">Hestia</a>, <a href="/demeter/">Demeter</a>, <a href="/Hera/">Hera</a>, <a href="/Hades/">Hades</a>, and <a href="/poseidon/">Poseidon</a>. However, Rhea saved her youngest child Zeus by wrapping a stone in swaddling clothes and giving this to Cronus to swallow. Zeus was spirited away to Mt. Dikte on the island of <a href="/crete/">Crete</a> where he was raised by the primeval goddess <a href="/Gaia/">Gaia</a> (Earth), or in some versions by the Nymphs. Amongst these was the <a href="/nymph/">Nymph</a> Amaltheia (in some versions of the myth she was a goat) who suckled the young god.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-1"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_1' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile"> </div> </div> <h3>Zeus Fights the Titans & <a href="/Giants/">Giants</a></h3> <p>On reaching adulthood Zeus made Cronus cough back up the children he had swallowed and Zeus then married his sister Hera. However, the lawless Titans, encouraged by Gaia, immediately tried to wrestle control of the world from the Olympian gods in a ten-year <a href="/disambiguation/battle/">battle</a> known as the Titanomachy. The Titans were the brothers and sisters of Cronus and it was only through the help of the Cyclopes - who made Zeus his lightning bolts - and the hundred-handed giants or Hecatoncheires (Briareos, Cottus and Gyges) that Zeus was finally able to imprison the Titans in <a href="/Tartarus/">Tartarus</a>, the deepest part of the Underworld. Making himself ruler of the skies, Zeus then gave dominion over the seas to Poseidon and of the Underworld to Hades.</p><div id="primis_intext"> <div id="3e3744ed-0893-4ec9-8757-582bfa65ad5c"></div> <div id="6b0cd791-ab2c-4669-b35a-8252ddaa7467"></div> <a href="https://link.worldhistory.org/youtube_intext" target="_blank" class="youtube_notice"> <svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>YouTube</title><path d="M23.498 6.186a3.016 3.016 0 0 0-2.122-2.136C19.505 3.545 12 3.545 12 3.545s-7.505 0-9.377.505A3.017 3.017 0 0 0 .502 6.186C0 8.07 0 12 0 12s0 3.93.502 5.814a3.016 3.016 0 0 0 2.122 2.136c1.871.505 9.376.505 9.376.505s7.505 0 9.377-.505a3.015 3.015 0 0 0 2.122-2.136C24 15.93 24 12 24 12s0-3.93-.502-5.814zM9.545 15.568V8.432L15.818 12l-6.273 3.568z"></path></svg> Follow us on YouTube!</a> </div> <script> </script> <div class="youtube-embed-wrapper"><div class="youtube-embed-container"><iframe data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/__Zoe2vCoXk?autoplay=0&cc_lang_pref=en" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen title="Zeus, God of the Sky and King of the Olympian Gods"></iframe></div></div> <p>The Olympians still could not reign peacefully, though, for Gaia then enlisted the help of the terrible and savage Giants to battle with Zeus in the Gigantomachy. The Olympians were this time helped by the great hero <a href="/hercules/">Hercules</a> and, after Zeus outwitted Gaia in her attempt to give the giants a magic herb, they once again won the battle for control of the world, not, however, before the Giants had created great destruction by moving mountains, islands and rivers.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-2"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_2' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile"> </div> </div> <p>Zeus's reign was only once more challenged when some of the gods, notably Hera, <a href="/athena/">Athena</a> and Poseidon, tried to takeover Zeus' role as head of the Olympian gods and bound him to his bed. The Father was, however, freed by one of the Hecatoncheires and the <em>status quo</em> restored.</p> <h3>Who were Zeus' Children?</h3> <p>Although first married (briefly it seems) to the <a href="/Titan/">Titan</a> Metis and then married to Hera, Zeus was infamous in <a href="/Greek_Mythology/">Greek mythology</a> for his adulterous affairs, during which he often used his magical power to transform himself into various incarnations to bed his prey. He, therefore, had many offspring:</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-3"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_3' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile desktop"> </div> </div> <ul> <li><strong><a href="/Hephaistos/">Hephaistos</a>, <a href="/Ares/">Ares</a>, <a href="/Hebe/">Hebe</a>, <a href="/Eileithyia/">Eileithyia</a></strong> - with Hera.</li> <li><strong>Athena</strong> - with Metis but as Zeus swallowed his wife in fear a son would usurp his position, Athena was born from Zeus' head and she became the god's favourite child.</li> <li><strong><a href="/apollo/">Apollo</a> & <a href="/artemis/">Artemis</a></strong> - with <a href="/Leto/">Leto</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="/Hermes/">Hermes</a> </strong>- with the Nymph Maia. Zeus, impressed by his trickery and <a href="/Silver/">silver</a> tongue, gave him the role of messenger of the gods.</li> <li><strong><a href="/Dionysos/">Dionysos</a></strong> - with Semele who, being tricked by a jealous Hera, asked to see Zeus in all his godly splendour and immediately expired as a consequence. Dionysos was born from Zeus' thigh as a result of his mother's premature <a href="/disambiguation/Death/">death</a>.</li> <li><strong>Hercules</strong> - with Alkmene and he was, therefore, forever the subject of a jealous Hera's scheming but on his death Zeus brought him to Mt. Olympus and made him into a god.</li> <li><strong><a href="/Perseus/">Perseus</a></strong> - with Danae, who was won over to the charms of Zeus when he appeared to her as golden rain in order to enter her chamber where she was imprisoned by her father Acrisius.</li> <li><strong><a href="/persephone/">Persephone</a> & Iacchus</strong>- with Demeter.</li> <li><strong>The <a href="/Fates/">Fates</a>, the <a href="/Horae/">Hours</a>, <a href="/Horae/">Horae</a> (<a href="/Horae/">Seasons</a>), Eunomia (Lawfulness), Dike (Justice), Eirene (Peace)</strong> - with <a href="/Themis/">Themis</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="/disambiguation/Helen/">Helen</a>, the <a href="/Castor_and_Pollux/">Dioskouroi</a> & Polydeuces</strong> - with <a href="/Leda/">Leda</a>, for whom he transformed himself into a swan.</li> <li><strong>Aglaea (Splendour), Euphrosyne (Joy) & Thalia (Good Cheer)</strong> - (the <a href="/Graces/">three Graces</a>) with Eurynome.</li> <li><strong>Minos, Rhadamanthys & <a href="/Sarpedon/">Sarpedon</a></strong> - with <a href="/Europa/">Europa</a> after Zeus disguised himself as a magnificent <a href="/White_Bull/">white bull</a> and whisked her off to Crete.</li> <li><strong>Epaphos</strong> - with Io.</li> <li><strong>Iasion</strong> - with <a href="/disambiguation/electra/">Electra</a>.</li> <li><strong>Arcas</strong> - with the Nymph Callisto - both son and mother were transformed into bears by a jealous Artemis but Zeus made them into constellations - Ursa Minor and Major.</li> <li><strong>The nine <a href="/muse/">Muses</a></strong> - with Mnemosyne after the couple slept together for nine consecutive nights.</li> </ul> <p>Zeus was also regarded as the founder of certain races, notably the Magnesians and the Macedonians. He also turned ants into the magnificent fighting Myrmidons for his son Aiakos, later to be led by <a href="/achilles/">Achilles</a> in the <a href="/Trojan_War/">Trojan War</a>.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="822"> <a href="/image/822/arcadian-silver-stater/" title="Arcadian Silver Stater" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/822.jpg.webp?v=1615097704 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/822.jpg.webp?v=1615097704 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/822.jpg?v=1615097704 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/822.jpg?v=1615097704 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/822.jpg?v=1615097704" alt="Arcadian Silver Stater" class="in_text_image" width="500" height="334" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Arcadian Silver Stater</div><div class="figauthor">Mark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/822/arcadian-silver-stater/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/822/arcadian-silver-stater/","caption":"Silver stater of the Archadian League, c. 360 BCE. 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He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director.","jobTitle":"Publishing Director","worksFor":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization"},"creditText":"Mark Cartwright / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2025-04-09T11:00:06+0000","datePublished":"2012-08-22T07:37:04+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Arcadian Silver Stater","height":"2592","isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/822/arcadian-silver-stater/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/822/arcadian-silver-stater/","width":"3888"} </script> </p> <h3>Who did Zeus Punish?</h3> <p>The god was also the great punisher. Those who did wrong or committed acts of impiety were severely punished, often for all time. The Titans were imprisoned in Tartarus and after acts of impiety against Zeus, Apollo and Poseidon were made to build the magnificent walls of <a href="/troy/">Troy</a> which proved so useful in the Trojan <a href="/war/">War</a>. An explanation for the war in <a href="/mythology/">mythology</a> was that Zeus sought to curb the rising population of humanity. Zeus also selected <a href="/disambiguation/paris/">Paris</a> as the judge in the famous beauty contest between <a href="/Aphrodite/">Aphrodite</a>, Hera and Athena, and when the young prince won Helen as his reward for choosing Aphrodite it was cited as another, more human cause for the Trojan War.</p> <div class="big_quote">...it is not possible in any way to evade the mind of Zeus. <a href="/hesiod/">Hesiod</a>, <em>Works & Days</em></div> <p>Other victims of Zeus' vengeance included The Titan <a href="/Prometheus/">Prometheus</a> who was condemned to have his liver eaten by an eagle every day after he stole fire from the gods and gave it to humankind. <a href="/Atlas/">Atlas</a> had to support the heavens for eternity because of his role in the Titanomachy. <a href="/sisyphus/">Sisyphus</a>, punished for his trickery, was condemned to forever roll a huge stone up a hill in the Underworld. <a href="/Asclepius/">Asclepius</a> was killed by one of Zeus' thunderbolts because the former's <a href="/disambiguation/medicine/">medicine</a> and his ability to raise the dead threatened the balance of power between men and gods. <a href="/Pandora/">Pandora</a>, the first woman was sent into the world by Zeus as punishment for receiving the gift of fire and she was to be the source of all mankind's misfortunes, carried with her in a box. Phineus, who was tricked by Hera into blinding his two sons, was himself blinded by Zeus who also sent the Harpies to continuously harass him. <a href="/Ixion/">Ixion</a> rashly declared his love for Hera and so Zeus banished him to Hades to be forever bound to a rotating wheel. Lycaon gave human flesh to Zeus to test his divinity and the god punished his impudence by turning him into a wolf. Salmoneus thought he was a god and pretended to be Zeus by throwing flaming torches for lightning bolts and riding his <a href="/chariot/">chariot</a> to make a noise like thunder but Zeus swiftly put a stop to his antics by killing him instantly with a real bolt of lightning. The list goes on but the message is clear, wrong-doing and lack of respect would be severely punished.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-4"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_4' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile desktop"> </div> </div> <h3>Zeus the Peacemaker</h3> <p>Despite the terrible punishments Zeus could inflict he was also a peacemaker, famously reconciling Apollo and Hermes when they fought over the first <a href="/Lyre/">lyre</a>. Similarly, Zeus resolved the conflict between Apollo and Hercules over the tripod from <a href="/delphi/">Delphi</a>. He also persuaded Hades to part with Persephone for part of each year and so end the terrible drought her mother Demeter had caused for the human race in protest at being held captive in the Underworld. For mere mortals, Zeus was at least fair-minded. At his feet Zeus had the jars of Fate - one full of bad things, another full of good things and he dispensed both with justice. Similarly, the time of a mortal's death was carefully weighed in Zeus' golden scales.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="2602"> <a href="/image/2602/temple-of-olympian-zeus-athens/" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/2602.jpg.webp?v=1710373143 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/2602.jpg.webp?v=1710373143 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/2602.jpg?v=1710373143 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/2602.jpg?v=1710373143 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/2602.jpg?v=1710373143" alt="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens" class="in_text_image" width="500" height="332" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens</div><div class="figauthor">Carole Raddato (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2602/temple-of-olympian-zeus-athens/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2602/temple-of-olympian-zeus-athens/","caption":"The remaining Corinthian columns of the 5th century BCE temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens. It was not completed until the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century CE, some 638 years after the project had begun.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/2602.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Carole Raddato - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Carole Raddato"},"creditText":"Carole Raddato / Flickr","dateModified":"2025-04-09T11:00:06+0000","datePublished":"2014-04-30T09:44:40+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens","height":1060,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://www.flickr.com/photos/carolemage/13992895766/in/set-72157625831396575"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2602/temple-of-olympian-zeus-athens/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2602/temple-of-olympian-zeus-athens/","width":1600} </script> </p> <h3>Sites Sacred to Zeus</h3> <p>As a major figure in the <a href="/disambiguation/greek/">Greek</a> <a href="/religion/">religion</a>, Zeus had an oracle, the oldest in fact, at <a href="/Dodona/">Dodona</a> in northern <a href="/greece/">Greece</a> where ascetic priests served an oracle which interpreted the sounds from the wind in the branches of the sacred oak trees and the babbling of water from the holy spring. Another great sanctuary dedicated to Zeus was at <a href="/Olympia/">Olympia</a> where every four years from 776 BCE the <a href="/Olympic_Games/">Olympic Games</a> drew crowds from all parts of the Greek world to honour the father of the gods and where 100 oxen were sacrificed to Zeus at the end of each Games. Also at Olympia, the massive 5th century BCE <a href="/temple/">temple</a> of Zeus housed the gigantic <a href="/gold/">gold</a> and ivory statue of the god by Pheidias which was one of <a href="/The_Seven_Wonders/">the Seven Wonders</a> of the ancient world. Other important sacred sites for the god were on Mt. Lycaios, in <a href="/Athens/">Athens</a>, <a href="/nemea/">Nemea</a>, <a href="/pergamon/">Pergamon</a>, Stratos, and in Libya.</p> <p>There were surprisingly few festivals in honour of Zeus, one was the Diasia of Athens. Generally, though, Zeus, as head of the Greek <a href="/Pantheon/">pantheon</a>, was omnipresent and so made no particular attachments to specific <a href="/city/">cities</a>. Zeus was, however, worshipped in most family homes where an altar was often dedicated to him in each courtyard, for as Zeus Herkeios, he protected the family hearth and property in general. He was also Zeus Xenios, the god of hospitality, Zeus Polieus, protector of cities, Zeus Horkios guardian of oaths and Zeus Soter, the protector and general benefactor to all.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-5"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_5' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile desktop"> </div> </div> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="407"> <a href="/image/407/zeus-or-poseidon-from-cape-artemisium/" title="Zeus or Poseidon from Cape Artemisium" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/407.jpg.webp?v=1725051609 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/407.jpg.webp?v=1725051609 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/407.jpg?v=1725051609 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/407.jpg?v=1725051609 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/407.jpg?v=1725051609" alt="Zeus or Poseidon from Cape Artemisium" class="in_text_image" width="375" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Zeus or Poseidon from Cape Artemisium</div><div class="figauthor">Mark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/407/zeus-or-poseidon-from-cape-artemisium/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/407/zeus-or-poseidon-from-cape-artemisium/","caption":"A bronze statue of Poseidon (or Zeus) from Cape Artemisium (460 BCE), National Archaeological Museum, Athens.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/407.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Mark Cartwright - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/markzcartwright/#person","name":"Mark Cartwright","url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/markzcartwright/","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/mark.cartwright.73"],"image":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/profile_photos/150-markzcartwright.JPG","description":"Mark is a full-time writer, researcher, historian, and editor. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director.","jobTitle":"Publishing Director","worksFor":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization"},"creditText":"Mark Cartwright / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2025-04-09T11:00:06+0000","datePublished":"2012-04-26T07:45:12+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Zeus or Poseidon from Cape Artemisium","height":"2048","isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/407/zeus-or-poseidon-from-cape-artemisium/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/407/zeus-or-poseidon-from-cape-artemisium/","width":"1536"} </script> </p> <h3>How Was Zeus Represented in Art?</h3> <p>In Greek art Zeus is almost always bearded and carries either a lightning bolt or sceptre. He was also strongly associated with bulls, oak trees and eagles, one of the latter sometimes appears at his side when he does not have his lightning bolt or sceptre. Zeus is a central figure in the east pediment of the <a href="/parthenon/">Parthenon</a> but without doubt the most majestic representation of the god is the <a href="/disambiguation/bronze/">bronze</a> statue from Artemesium (460 BCE) where he confidently stands, feet wide apart, about to launch a thunderbolt.</p> <p>Some scholars believe the figure is Poseidon but the art historian J.Boardman presents the convincing argument that the stance is much more familiar to representations of Zeus in Greek art (see the Dodona statue) and if the figure held a trident (much longer than a thunderbolt) it would obscure the face, an undesirable aesthetic consequence for <a href="/Greek_Sculpture/">Greek sculpture</a>. <a href="/Greek_Pottery/">Greek pottery</a> is another rich source of the myths involving Zeus, in particular scenes representing his many metamorphoses and Zeus also appeared on many coins, notably those of Elis.</p> </article> <div id="ci_rating_wrapper"> <div class="rating_label filter_label">Did you like this definition?</div> <div id="ci_rating_buttons_wrapper"> <div class="rating_button up base" data-rating="1"></div> <div class="rating_button down base" data-rating="-1"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sections_below_links"> <p> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Ancient_Greece+Dodona+God+greece+Greek_Mythology+Greek_Religion+jupiter+Leda+mythology+Sarpedon+sisyphus+Statue_of_Zeus_at_Olympia+zeus" class="topic_subscribe outline_button below_article">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="#ci_related_content_outer_wrapper" class="outline_button">Related Content</a> <a href="#books_preview" class="outline_button">Books</a> <a href="#citation_info" class="outline_button">Cite This Work</a> <a href="#ci_author_and_copyright" class="outline_button">License</a> </p> </div> <div class="editorial_review_notice"> <span class="editorial_review_header">Editorial Review</span> This human-authored article has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our <a href="/static/editorial-policy/">editorial policy</a>. </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="ad_Flexi_BottomLeft ahe-ad"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id="div-adcontainer-AHE_Flexi_BottomLeft" class="adcontainer worldhistory_below_content"> </div> </div> <style> .map_container.il { border: none; } .map_container h3 { text-align: center; } </style> <div id="references"> <h2>Bibliography</h2> <ul id="reference_list" class="ref_list bibliography"> <li id="bibID__b9dd7b91febe60605a42cfa567338016"> <cite class="bib_text">Ananiades, D. <i>Ancient Greece: Temples & Sanctuaries.</i> Toubis, Athens, 2010</cite> </li> <li id="bibID__61422e061ce7a47abde7bbd5b6a95b64"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0500201633/" rel="sponsored">Boardman, J. <i>Greek Sculpture.</i> Thames & Hudson, 1985.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__2bfcaa14ff025c175afc1f862191430f"> <cite class="bib_text">Carabatea, M. <i>Greek Mythology.</i> Pergamos, Peania, 2007</cite> </li> <li id="bibID__8cf3a4ef5b598dbed1ed17a6b51530a7"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0500202362/" rel="sponsored">Carpenter, T.H. <i>Art and Myth in Ancient Greece.</i> Thames & Hudson, 1991.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__09ab4ad5a9c9500c7363d00250e58269"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0674996224/" rel="sponsored">Hesiod. <i>Hesiod.</i> Loeb Classical Library, 2007.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__0f8ce159b1bb46bd0e072afde217e3c0"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0140275363/" rel="sponsored">Homer. <i>The Iliad.</i> Penguin Classics, 1998.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__d31c725fe6a9b6079031fa6a2223c7fc"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0143039954/" rel="sponsored">Homer. <i>The Odyssey.</i> Penguin Classics, 2006.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__71ef8eaa32adcf1bbe2f9ab02694181e"> <cite class="bib_text">Hope Moncrieff, A.R. <i>Classical Mythology.</i> Senate, London, 1994</cite> </li> <li id="bibID__a27ce3a523f9332b2bc1cfab9ddc49dc"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0199545561/" rel="sponsored">Hornblower, S. <i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary.</i> Oxford University Press, USA, 2012.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__f8962bc0af19579272762f406e37c7a2"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/142620373X/" rel="sponsored">National Geographic. <i>National Geographic Essential Visual History of World Mythology.</i> National Geographic, 2008.</a></cite> </li> </ul> <div class="book_promo_wrapper"></div> <span class="light affiliate_notice">World History Encyclopedia is an Amazon Associate and earns a commission on qualifying book purchases.</span> <div id="books_rec"> </div> <script> jsQueue(()=>{ $("ul.bibliography").sortList(); }); </script> </div> <div class="user_short_bio_wrapper"> <a href="/interestemails/?author=markzcartwright" class="headline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to this author</a> <h2>About the Author</h2> <div class="user_short_bio"> <div class="left_col"> </div> <div class="right_col"> <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="nofollow" title="Mark Cartwright"><img data-src="/uploads/profile_photos/150-markzcartwright.JPG?v=1588174056" width="100" height="100" alt="Mark Cartwright" class="avatar_image" /></a> <div class="user_name"> <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="author" title="Mark Cartwright">Mark Cartwright</a> </div> <div class="short_bio_text"> Mark is a full-time writer, researcher, historian, and editor. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. </div> <div class="sm_links"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/mark.cartwright.73/" title="Mark Cartwright" class="sm_tiny_sprite facebook no_external"></a> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/cartwright1797/" title="Mark Cartwright" class="sm_tiny_sprite pinterest no_external"></a> <a href="https://champagnecollection.weebly.com/" title=" Champagne Collection" class="sm_tiny_sprite website no_external" rel="ugc"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="translations_notice"> <h2 class="translations">Translations</h2> <a href="/trans/fr/1-538/zeus/" class="translation_link fr outline_button" rel="alternate">French</a> <a href="/trans/it/1-538/zeus/" class="translation_link it outline_button" rel="alternate">Italian</a> <a href="/trans/pt/1-538/zeus/" class="translation_link pt outline_button" rel="alternate">Portuguese</a> <a href="/trans/es/1-538/zeus/" class="translation_link es outline_button" rel="alternate">Spanish</a> <a href="/trans/tr/1-538/tanri-kral-zeus/" class="translation_link tr outline_button" rel="alternate">Turkish</a> <p>We want people all over the world to learn about history. Help us and <a href="/trans/x/1-538/edit/" class="translation_add_button" rel="nofollow">translate this definition</a> into another language!</p> </div> <div class="faq"> <h2>Questions & Answers</h2> <dl> <dt><h4>What is Zeus god of?</h4></dt> <dd>Zeus is the supreme god of Greek mythology, leader of the 12 Olympian gods.</dd> <dt><h4>How did Zeus become a god?</h4></dt> <dd>Zeus became a god because he was the son of the divine Titans Cronus and Rhea. Zeus escaped his father who wanted to kill him and then defeated him and the other Titans in battle.</dd> <dt><h4>How many children did Zeus have?</h4></dt> <dd>Zeus had many children but the most important were: Apollo, Athena, Hephaistos, Ares, Artemis, Hermes, Dionysos, Persephone, Hercules, and Perseus.</dd> </dl> </div> <style> .faq h4 { font-family: "Libre Baskerville", "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; } .faq { margin-bottom: 40px; } </style> <div id="ci_related_wrapper"> <div class="ci_related_content_outer_wrapper" id="ci_related_content_outer_wrapper"> <h2>Related Content</h2> <div id="ci_related_type_list"> <span class="filter_label">Filters:</span> <div rel="0" class="ci_type_0 ci_rel_type selected">All<span class="ci_rel_type_count"> </span></div> <div rel="1" class="ci_type_1 ci_rel_type ">Definitions<span class="ci_rel_type_count">38</span></div> <div rel="2" class="ci_type_2 ci_rel_type ">Articles<span class="ci_rel_type_count">9</span></div> <div rel="3" class="ci_type_3 ci_rel_type ">Images<span class="ci_rel_type_count">44</span></div> <div rel="6" class="ci_type_6 ci_rel_type ">Videos<span class="ci_rel_type_count">3</span></div> <div rel="9" class="ci_type_9 ci_rel_type ">Collections<span class="ci_rel_type_count">2</span></div> <div rel="10" class="ci_type_10 ci_rel_type ">Teaching Materials<span class="ci_rel_type_count">3</span></div> </div> <div id="ci_related_content"> <div class="ci_related_content_wrapper ci_two_cols three_cols"> <div class="columns"> <a href="/Sarpedon/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-19114" data-score="1202045" data-ci-type-id="1"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/12685.jpg.webp?v=1726598646 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/12685.jpg.webp?v=1726598646 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/12685.jpg?v=1726598646 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/12685.jpg?v=1726598646 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/12685.jpg?v=1726598646" width="360" height="202" alt="Sarpedon" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Sarpedon</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> Sarpedon is a figure from ancient Greek mythology, a Lycian prince... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sisyphus/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-13620" data-score="852527" data-ci-type-id="1"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/6158.jpg.webp?v=1742170450 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/6158.jpg.webp?v=1742170450 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/6158.jpg?v=1742170450 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/6158.jpg?v=1742170450 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/6158.jpg?v=1742170450" width="360" height="202" alt="Sisyphus" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Sisyphus</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> Sisyphus (or Sisyphos) is a figure from Greek mythology. He was... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Dodona/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-10080" data-score="838505" data-ci-type-id="1"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/3385.jpg.webp?v=1618738217 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/3385.jpg.webp?v=1618738217 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/3385.jpg?v=1618738217 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/3385.jpg?v=1618738217 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/3385.jpg?v=1618738217" width="360" height="202" alt="Dodona" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Dodona</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> Dodona in Epirus, north-west Greece, lies in a valley on the eastern... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Leda/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-13351" data-score="734448" data-ci-type-id="1"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/4441.jpg.webp?v=1643824802 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/4441.jpg.webp?v=1643824802 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/4441.jpg?v=1643824802 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/4441.jpg?v=1643824802 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/4441.jpg?v=1643824802" width="360" height="202" alt="Leda" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Leda</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> Leda is a figure from Greek mythology who was famously seduced... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Olympia_Fulvia_Morata/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-20654" data-score="450630" data-ci-type-id="1"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/15754.png.webp?v=1652876106 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/15754.png.webp?v=1652876106 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/15754.png?v=1652876106 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/15754.png?v=1652876106 720w" type="image/png"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/15754.png?v=1652876106" width="360" height="202" alt="Olympia Fulvia Morata" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Olympia Fulvia Morata</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> Olympia Fulvia Morata (l. 1526-1555, also given as Olimpia) was... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/jupiter/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-653" data-score="440599" data-ci-type-id="1"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/620.jpg.webp?v=1737498364 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/620.jpg.webp?v=1737498364 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/620.jpg?v=1737498364 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/620.jpg?v=1737498364 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/620.jpg?v=1737498364" width="360" height="202" alt="Jupiter" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Jupiter</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> Among the many gods of the Romans, Jupiter, the son of Saturn... </div> </div> </a> </div> <nav class="pagination"> <strong class="pagination_page">1</strong> <a href="#" class="pagination_page" data-page="2" rel="next ">2</a> <a href="#" class="pagination_page" data-page="3" rel="">3</a> <a href="#" class="pagination_page" data-page="4" rel="">4</a> <a href="#" class="pagination_page" data-page="5" rel="">5</a> <a href="#" class="pagination_page" data-page="6" rel="">6</a> <a href="#" class="pagination_page" data-page="7" rel="">7</a> <a href="#" class="pagination_page" data-page="8" rel="">8</a> <a href="#" class="pagination_page" data-page="9" rel="">9</a> <a href="#" class="pagination_page" data-page="10" rel="">10</a> <a href="#" data-page="2" rel="next">Next &rsaquo;</a> <a href="#" data-page="17" rel="">Last »</a> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var wrapper_selector_prefix = '#ci_related_wrapper '; 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(2013, May 25). <a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/zeus/" class="no_external">Zeus</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/zeus/ </p> </div> </div> <div class="citation_chicago"> <h4>Chicago Style</h4> <div class="citation_details citation_style"> <p> Cartwright, Mark. "<a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/zeus/" class="no_external">Zeus</a>." <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. Last modified May 25, 2013. https://www.worldhistory.org/zeus/. </p> </div> </div> <div class="citation_mla citation_style"> <h4>MLA Style</h4> <div class="citation_details"> <p> Cartwright, Mark. "<a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/zeus/" class="no_external">Zeus</a>." <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. World History Encyclopedia, 25 May 2013. Web. 09 Apr 2025. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ci_author_and_copyright" id="ci_author_and_copyright"> <h2>License & Copyright</h2> <p> Submitted by <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="author" title="User Page: Mark Cartwright">Mark Cartwright</a>, published on 25 May 2013. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en" rel="nofollow">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike</a>. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. <span class="no_print">Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.</span></p> </div> </main> <aside class="right_1_column"> <div id="editor_tools"> </div> <div class="timeline_outer_wrapper"> <div class="timeline_wrapper"> <h2>Timeline</h2> <a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/login/" title="Add Timeline Entry" class="outline_button" rel="nofollow">Add Event</a> <a href="/ajax/ajax_print_visual_timeline.php?tag=zeus&width=950&height=600" rel="nofollow" class="thickbox outline_button visual_timeline_button" title="Visual Timeline">Visual Timeline</a> <ul id="time_list"> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_3374" title=""> <div class="date">c. 800 BCE</div> The oracle of <a href="/zeus/">Zeus</a> is established at <a href="/Dodona/">Dodona</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_1394" title=""> <div class="date">776 BCE</div> First athletic games in honour of <a href="/zeus/">Zeus</a> are held at <a href="/Olympia/">Olympia</a> with one event, the <i>stadion</i> foot race. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_520" title=""> <div class="date">c. 700 BCE</div> <a href="/disambiguation/greek/">Greek</a> poet <a href="/hesiod/">Hesiod</a> writes his <i><a href="/Theogony/">Theogony</a></i> and <i><a href="/Works_and_Days/">Works and Days</a></i>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_1397" title=""> <div class="date">573 BCE</div> First athletic games at <a href="/nemea/">Nemea</a> in honour of <a href="/zeus/">Zeus</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_2806" title=""> <div class="date">c. 480 BCE</div> The huge <a href="/temple/">temple</a> of <a href="/zeus/">Zeus</a> is built at <a href="/agrigento/">Agrigento</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_1967" title=""> <div class="date">c. 460 BCE</div> The <a href="/disambiguation/bronze/">bronze</a> <a href="/poseidon/">Poseidon</a> or <a href="/zeus/">Zeus</a> statue (of Cape Artemesium) is sculpted. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_1325" title=""> <div class="date">c. 460 BCE - 457 BCE</div> <a href="/temple/">Temple</a> of <a href="/zeus/">Zeus</a> is built at <a href="/Olympia/">Olympia</a> with a statue of <a href="/apollo/">Apollo</a> dominating the west pediment and containing the cult statue of Zeus by <a href="/Phidias/">Phidias</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_1615" title=""> <div class="date">c. 430 BCE</div> The cult statue of <a href="/zeus/">Zeus</a> by <a href="/Phidias/">Phidias</a> is dedicated in the <a href="/temple/">Temple</a> of Zeus, <a href="/Olympia/">Olympia</a>. It is one of <a href="/The_Seven_Wonders/">the Seven Wonders</a> of the Ancient World. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_1498" title=""> <div class="date">c. 330 BCE</div> <a href="/temple/">Temple</a> of <a href="/zeus/">Zeus</a> built at <a href="/nemea/">Nemea</a>. </li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div id="mc_embed_signup"> <img loading="lazy" data-src="/template/images/newsletter-header-red.jpg" class="newsletter_banner" width="300" height="106" alt="Weekly Newsletter"> <form action="//ancient.us8.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=c3168e59d8bfba7986977db46&id=ac74a77c22" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate"> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll"> <p>History delivered to you once a week:</p> <div class="mc-field-group"> <input type="email" placeholder="Email address..." name="EMAIL" autocomplete="email" class="required email" id="mce-EMAIL" style="width:80%;" required> </div> <p>Are you a...?</p> <div class="mc-field-group input-group" style="margin-top: -10px;"> <input type="radio" value="1" name="group[5]" id="mce-group[5]-5-0" required><label for="mce-group[5]-5-0">History Enthusiast</label><br/> <input type="radio" value="2" name="group[5]" id="mce-group[5]-5-1" required><label for="mce-group[5]-5-1">Teacher</label><br/> <input type="radio" value="4" name="group[5]" id="mce-group[5]-5-2" required><label for="mce-group[5]-5-2">Student</label><br/> <input type="radio" value="8" name="group[5]" id="mce-group[5]-5-3" required><label for="mce-group[5]-5-3">Librarian</label> </div> <div id="mce-responses" class="clear"> <div class="response" id="mce-error-response" style="display:none"></div> <div class="response" id="mce-success-response" style="display:none"></div> </div>  <input type="hidden" name="tags" value="40497"> <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="button content_button red" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_c3168e59d8bfba7986977db46_ac74a77c22" tabindex="-1" value=""></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </form> </div>  </aside> <p id="footer_spacer"> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ad_Flexi_MobileSticky ahe-ad">  <div id="div-adcontainer-AHE_Flexi_MobileSticky" class="adcontainer"></div> </div> <div class="worldhistory_sticky_dynamic"></div> <a href="/membership/?utm_campaign=membership&utm_source=whe&utm_medium=sidetab_heart_en" id="membership_sidebar" title="Membership" class="no_membership_only"> <img src="/template/images/membership/membership-sidetab-en.svg?v=1744189012" width="29" height="133" alt="Membership" /> </a> <footer> <div class="print_membership_notice no_membership_only print_only"> <p>World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization publishing free history content that has been carefully researched and reviewed. 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