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mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Гуманізм rootpage-Гуманізм skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Перайсці да зместу</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Галоўнае меню" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Галоўнае меню</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Галоўнае меню</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Навігацыя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Адкрыць Галоўную старонку [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Галоўная старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Пра праект, чым можна заняцца, дзе што шукаць"><span>Супольнасць</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:RecentChanges" title="Пералік нядаўніх змяненняў у віксе. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія змены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:NewPages"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-Village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Random" title="Паказаць выпадковую старонку [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Выпадковая старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дзе можна атрымаць тлумачэнні."><span>Даведка</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Паведаміць пра памылку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпедыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be.svg" style="width: 7.625em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be.svg" width="117" height="12" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" aria-label="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Адмысловае:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be" class=""><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Змест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Змест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Этымалогія_і_азначэнне" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Этымалогія_і_азначэнне"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Этымалогія і азначэнне</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Этымалогія_і_азначэнне-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ідэі_гуманізму_ў_гісторыі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ідэі_гуманізму_ў_гісторыі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ідэі гуманізму ў гісторыі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ідэі_гуманізму_ў_гісторыі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Змест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Пераключыць змест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Пераключыць змест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Гуманізм</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 110 мовах." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 моў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – афрыкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="афрыкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismus" title="Humanismus – швейцарская нямецкая" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Humanismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарская нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo" title="Humanismo – арагонская" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Humanismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="मानवतावाद – ангіка" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मानवतावाद" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангіка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9)" title="إنسانوية (فلسفة) – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنسانوية (فلسفة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9)" title="تابنادميت (فلسافة) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تابنادميت (فلسافة)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="انسانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انسانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মানৱতাবাদ – асамская" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মানৱতাবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismu" title="Humanismu – астурыйская" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Humanismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizm" title="Humanizm – азербайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Humanizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="اومانیسم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اومانیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гуманизм – башкірская" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гуманизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкірская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гуманізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гуманізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Хуманизъм – балгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хуманизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="балгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মানবতাবাদ – бенгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মানবতাবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanouriezh" title="Humanouriezh – брэтонская" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Humanouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="брэтонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizam" title="Humanizam – баснійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Humanizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="баснійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%BC%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хүмүүнлигэй ухаан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүмүүнлигэй ухаан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – каталанская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ئۆمانیزم – цэнтральнакурдская" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆمانیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="цэнтральнакурдская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гуманизм – чувашская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гуманизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyneiddiaeth" title="Dyneiddiaeth – валійская" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dyneiddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismus" title="Humanismus – нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Humanismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizm" title="Humanizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Humanizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ανθρωπισμός – грэчаская" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανθρωπισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэчаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добры артыкул"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Humanism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo" title="Humanismo – эсперанта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Humanismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo" title="Humanismo – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Humanismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism – эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Humanism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo" title="Humanismo – баскская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Humanismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="انسان‌گرایی – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسان‌گرایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismi" title="Humanismi – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Humanismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – заходняя фрызская" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="заходняя фрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Daonnachas" title="An Daonnachas – ірландская" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Daonnachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="人文主義 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="人文主義" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo_(filosof%C3%ADa)" title="Humanismo (filosofía) – галісійская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Humanismo (filosofía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галісійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism – хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Humanism" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="הומניזם – іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הומניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="मानववाद – хіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मानववाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizam" title="Humanizam – харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Humanizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizmus" title="Humanizmus – венгерская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Humanizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Հումանիզմ – армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հումանիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo" title="Humanismo – інтэрлінгва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Humanismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="інтэрлінгва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo" title="Humanismo – іда" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Humanismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="іда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BAmanismi" title="Húmanismi – ісландская" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Húmanismi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ісландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umanesimo_(filosofia)" title="Umanesimo (filosofia) – італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Umanesimo (filosofia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="ヒューマニズム – японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒューマニズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – яванская" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ჰუმანიზმი – грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰუმანიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90y%CA%8At%CA%8A_w%C9%9Bt%CA%8A_l%C9%A9ma%C9%A3z%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гуманизм – казахская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гуманизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="인본주의 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인본주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%C3%AEzm" title="Humanîzm – курдская" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Humanîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гуманизм – кіргізская" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гуманизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кіргізская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismus" title="Humanismus – лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Humanismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismus" title="Humanismus – люксембургская" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Humanismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umanisme" title="Umanisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Umanisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ມະນຸສະຍະນິຍົມ – лаоская" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມະນຸສະຍະນິຍົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаоская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizmas" title="Humanizmas – літоўская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Humanizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="літоўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hum%C4%81nisms" title="Humānisms – латышская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Humānisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homanisma" title="Homanisma – малагасійская" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Homanisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – мінангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="мінангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Хуманизам – македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хуманизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="മാനവതാവാദം – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാനവതാവാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houmanismo" title="Houmanismo – мірандыйская" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Houmanismo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мірандыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismus" title="Humanismus – ніжненямецкая" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Humanismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ніжненямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – ніжнесаксонская" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ніжнесаксонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – нарвежская (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – нарвежская (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%C3%AEme" title="Humanîme – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Humanîme" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umanisme" title="Umanisme – аксітанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Umanisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксітанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umanime" title="Umanime – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Umanime" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizm" title="Humanizm – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Humanizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="بشرپالنه – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بشرپالنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo" title="Humanismo – партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Humanismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umanism" title="Umanism – румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Umanism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гуманизм – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуманизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umanesimu" title="Umanesimu – сардзінская" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Umanesimu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардзінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uman%C3%A8simu" title="Umanèsimu – сіцылійская" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Umanèsimu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сіцылійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism – шатландская" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Humanism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шатландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="انسانيت واد – сіндхі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انسانيت واد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="сіндхі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizam" title="Humanizam – сербскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Humanizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="මානවවාදය – сінгальская" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මානවවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сінгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Humanism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizmus_(%C4%BEudomilnos%C5%A5)" title="Humanizmus (ľudomilnosť) – славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Humanizmus (ľudomilnosť)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizem" title="Humanizem – славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Humanizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizmi" title="Humanizmi – албанская" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Humanizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Хуманизам – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хуманизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme – сунда" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Humanisme" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Humanism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="మానవతావాదం – тэлугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మానవతావాదం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Инсонгароӣ – таджыкская" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Инсонгароӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджыкская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="มนุษยนิยม – тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มนุษยนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismo" title="Humanismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Humanismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCmanizm" title="Hümanizm – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hümanizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гуманизм – тувінская" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Гуманизм" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гуманізм – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуманізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="انسان دوستی – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انسان دوستی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanizm" title="Humanizm – узбекская" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Humanizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_nh%C3%A2n_v%C4%83n" title="Chủ nghĩa nhân văn – в’етнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa nhân văn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="в’етнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="人文主义 – ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人文主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yinzvwnzcujyi" title="Yinzvwnzcujyi – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yinzvwnzcujyi" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="人文主义 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人文主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%AEn-b%C3%BBn-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Jîn-bûn-chú-gī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jîn-bûn-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="人文主義 – кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="人文主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q46158#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Правіць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC"><span>Стварыць кнігу</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>Спампаваць як PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC&printable=yes" title="Друкавальная версія гэтай старонкі [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link 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vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">З Вікіпедыі, свабоднай энцыклапедыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be" dir="ltr"><p><b>Гуманізм</b> (ад <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова">лац.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">humanitas</span> — чалавечнасць, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова">лац.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">humanus</span> — чалавечны, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова">лац.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">homo</span> — чалавек) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Светапогляд">светапогляд</a>, у цэнтры якога знаходзіцца ідэя <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Чалавек">чалавека</a> як найвышэйшай каштоўнасці; узнік як філасофская плынь у эпоху <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Адраджэнне">Адраджэння</a>. </p><p>Гуманізм сцвярджае каштоўнасць чалавека як асобы, яго правы на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Свабода">свабоду</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Шчасце">шчасце</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%86%D1%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Развіццё (няма такой старонкі)">развіццё</a>, праяву сваіх здольнасцей. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Этымалогія_і_азначэнне"><span id=".D0.AD.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.96.D1.8F_.D1.96_.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.87.D1.8D.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Этымалогія і азначэнне</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Этымалогія і азначэнне" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Этымалогія і азначэнне"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Слова «гуманізм» паходзіць ад лацінскага паняцця humanitas, упершыню выкарыстанага <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Цыцэрон">Цыцэронам</a> для апісання каштоўнасцей, звязаных з ліберальнай адукацыяй, чымсьці накшталт сучаснага мастацтва, філасофіі, гісторыі, літаратуры. Слова зноў усплыло падчас італьянскага Адраджэння, калі umanista дасягнула англійскай мовы ў XVI стагоддзі. Слова не выкарыстоўваўся як -ізм, а як -іст для апісання групы людзей, якія вывучаюць і прапагандуюць адукацыю на аснове класічнай літаратуры. У пачатку XIX стагоддзя ён выкарыстоўваўся ў Германіі як гуманізм з рознымі значэннямі, і адтуль ён зноў увайшоў у англійскую мову з двума рознымі абазначэннямі, адзін з якіх звязаны з вывучэннем класічнай літаратуры, які застаўся акадэмічным тэрмінам, а другі быў больш папулярызаваны і азначаў нерэлігійны падыход да жыцця, што азначае антытэзу тэізму. Хутчэй за ўсё, менавіта баварскі тэолаг Фрыдрых Імануіл Нітамер увёў тэрмін гуманізм для апісання новай класічнай праграмы, якую ён планаваў прапанаваць у нямецкіх сярэдніх школах. Неўзабаве свет прынялі іншыя навукоўцы, такія як Георг Фойгт і Якаў Буркхарт. У XX стагоддзі гэтае слова ўдакладнілася, дайшоўшы да сучаснага значэння, што азначае натуралістычны падыход да жыцця з акцэнтам на дабрабыт і свабоду людзей. </p><p>Даць вызначэнне гуманізму — складаная задача, якая раскрывае супярэчнасці вакол гуманізму. З аднаго боку, гуманізм вызначаецца як заступнік чалавечай свабоды і годнасці, з другога — ён звязаны з прыгнётам (праз тое, што ён з’яўляецца пабочным прадуктам сучаснасці). У 1974 годзе філосаф Сідні Хук вызначыў гуманізм, або гуманістаў, па негатыўных характарыстыках. Па-першае, гуманісты выступаюць супраць навязвання адной культуры ў розных цывілізацыях, не належаць да царквы ці ўсталяванай рэлігіі, не падтрымліваюць дыктатуры, не апраўдваюць гвалт за сацыяльныя рэформы або больш лаяльныя да арганізацыі, чым іх абстрактныя каштоўнасці. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ідэі_гуманізму_ў_гісторыі"><span id=".D0.86.D0.B4.D1.8D.D1.96_.D0.B3.D1.83.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.96.D0.B7.D0.BC.D1.83_.D1.9E_.D0.B3.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.96"></span>Ідэі гуманізму ў гісторыі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Ідэі гуманізму ў гісторыі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Ідэі гуманізму ў гісторыі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дантэ Аліг’еры">Дантэ Аліг’еры</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Леанарда да Вінчы">Леанарда да Вінчы</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Франчэска Петрарка">Франчэска Петрарка</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Джавані Бакача">Джавані Бакача</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Энеа Сільвіа Пікаламіні">Энеа Сільвіа Пікаламіні</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Папства">папа</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B9_II" title="Пій II">Пій II</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор">Томас Мор</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B7_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Томас Стэрнз Эліят">Томас Стэрнз Эліят</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%93%D1%91%D1%82%D1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Іаган Вольфганг Гётэ">Іаган Вольфганг Гётэ</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4785216">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Асветніцтва" data-name="Эпоха Асветніцтва" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" 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Тэрэзія">Марыя Тэрэзія</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Францыя</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="П’ер Бейль">П’ер Бейль</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бернар Ле Баўе дэ Фантэнель (няма такой старонкі)">Фантэнель</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%E2%80%99%D1%91" title="Шарль Луі дэ Мантэск’ё">Шарль Луі Мантэск’ё</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Франсуа Кенэ">Франсуа Кенэ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Вальтэр">Вальтэр</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6-%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жорж-Луі Леклерк дэ Бюфон">Жорж-Луі Леклерк дэ Бюфон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Жан-Жак Русо">Жан-Жак Русо</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Дэні Дзідро">Дэні Дзідро</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Клод Адрыян Гельвецый">Гельвецый</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жан ля Рон д’Аламбер">Жан Д’Аламбер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Поль Анры Гольбах">Гольбах</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Маркіз дэ Сад">Маркіз дэ Сад</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мары Жан Антуан Нікола Кандарсэ (няма такой старонкі)">Кандарсэ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Антуан Ларан Лавуазье">Лавуазье</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Алімпія дэ Гуж (няма такой старонкі)">Алімпія дэ Гуж</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F,_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA,_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Энцыклапедыя, або Тлумачальны слоўнік навук, мастацтваў і рамёстваў (няма такой старонкі)"><i>Французскія энцыклапедысты</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Германія</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эрхард Вейгель (няма такой старонкі)">Эрхард Вейгель</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86" title="Готфрыд Лейбніц">Готфрыд Лейбніц</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_II_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Фрыдрых II Вялікі">Фрыдрых II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Імануіл Кант">Імануіл Кант</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Готхальд Эфраім Лесінг">Готхальд Эфраім Лесінг</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Томас Абт (няма такой старонкі)">Томас Абт</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Ёган Готфрыд Гердэр">Ёган Готфрыд Гердэр</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BF%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Адам Вейсгаўпт (няма такой старонкі)">Адам Вейсгаўпт</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%91%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Ёган Вольфганг фон Гётэ">Ёган Вольфганг фон Гётэ</a></li> <li><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Добры артыкул"><img alt="✰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Blue_star_unboxed.svg/13px-Blue_star_unboxed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Blue_star_unboxed.svg/20px-Blue_star_unboxed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Blue_star_unboxed.svg/26px-Blue_star_unboxed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="13" data-file-height="13" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фрыдрых Шылер">Фрыдрых Шылер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Карл Фрыдрых Гаус">Карл Фрыдрых Гаус</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мазэс Мендэльсон (няма такой старонкі)">Мазэс Мендэльсон</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Англія">Англія</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шатландскае Асветніцтва (няма такой старонкі)">Шатландыя</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Гобс">Томас Гобс</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Джон Лок">Джон Лок</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ісаак Ньютан">Ісаак Ньютан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джозеф Адзісан (няма такой старонкі)">Джозеф Адзісан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рычард Сціл (няма такой старонкі)">Рычард Сціл</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сэмюэл Джонсан (няма такой старонкі)">Сэмюэл Джонсан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джон Уілкс (няма такой старонкі)">Джон Уілкс</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Эдмунд Бёрк">Эдмунд Бёрк</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эдуард Гібан">Эдуард Гібан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96_%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Джэрэмі Бэнтам">Джэрэмі Бэнтам</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82" title="Мэры Уолстанкрафт">Мэры Уолстанкрафт</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%AE%D0%BC" title="Дэвід Юм">Дэвід Юм</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82" title="Адам Сміт">Адам Сміт</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джэймс Босуэл (няма такой старонкі)">Джэймс Босуэл</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Адам Фергюсон (няма такой старонкі)">Адам Фергюсон</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джон Мілер (няма такой старонкі)">Джон Мілер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BA" title="Джозеф Блэк">Джозеф Блэк</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Томас Рыд (няма такой старонкі)">Томас Рыд</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фрэнсіс Хатчэсан (няма такой старонкі)">Фрэнсіс Хатчэсан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уільям Робэртсан (няма такой старонкі)">Уільям Робэртсан</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Італія</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Джамбатыста Віка">Джамбатыста Віка</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чэзарэ Бекарыя (няма такой старонкі)">Чэзарэ Бекарыя</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Нідэрланды</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Гуга Гроцый">Гуга Гроцый</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бенедыкт Спіноза">Бенедыкт Спіноза</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Рэч Паспалітая">Рэч Паспалітая</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Францішак Багамолец">Францішак Багамолец</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Станіслаў Канарскі">Станіслаў Канарскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Станіслаў Аўгуст Панятоўскі">Станіслаў Аўгуст Панятоўскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Ігнацы Красіцкі">Ігнацы Красіцкі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Гуга Калантай">Гуга Калантай</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Ігнацы Патоцкі">Ігнацы Патоцкі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%86" title="Станіслаў Сташыц">Станіслаў Сташыц</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Ян Снядэцкі">Ян Снядэцкі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Юльян Урсын Нямцэвіч">Юльян Урсын Нямцэвіч</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Анджэй Снядэцкі">Анджэй Снядэцкі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Казімір Лышчынскі">Казімір Лышчынскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Адам Нарушэвіч">Адам Станіслаў Нарушэвіч</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Сімяон Полацкі">Сімяон Полацкі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Ілья Капіевіч">Ілья Капіевіч</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82" title="Казімір Нарбут">Казімір Нарбут</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82-%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Марцін Пачобут-Адляніцкі">Марцін Пачобут-Адляніцкі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Іахім Храптовіч">Іахім Храптовіч</a></li></ul> <p><i>гл. таксама</i>: <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Адукацыйная камісія">Адукацыйная камісія Рэчы Паспалітай</a> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Расійская імперыя">Расійская імперыя</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_I_(%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96)" title="Пётр I (імператар расійскі)">Пётр I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_II" title="Кацярына II">Кацярына II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кацярына Раманаўна Дашкова (няма такой старонкі)">Кацярына Дашкова</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%85_%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Анцівох Дзмітрыевіч Кантэмір">Анцівох Кантэмір</a></li> <li><a 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hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Бенджамін Франклін">Бенджамін Франклін</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дэвід Рытэнхаўс (няма такой старонкі)">Дэвід Рытэнхаўс</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Джон Адамс">Джон Адамс</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Томас Пейн">Томас Пейн</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Джэферсан">Томас Джэферсан</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a 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