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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Tribal_Religions_in_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Tribal_Religions_in_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of Tribal Religions in India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Tribal_Religions_in_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg/340px-2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg/510px-2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg/680px-2011_Census_Scheduled_Tribes_distribution_map_India_by_state_and_union_territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a><figcaption>Scheduled Tribes distribution map in India by state and union territory according to the 2011 Census.</figcaption></figure> <p>Roughly 8.6 per cent of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>'s population is made up of "<a href="/wiki/Scheduled_castes_and_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled castes and tribes">Scheduled Tribes</a>" (STs), traditional tribal communities. In India those who are not Christians, Muslims, Jews, or Zoroastrians are identified as Hindus. The reason being varied beliefs and practices allowed in Hindusim and according of Hindusim as a geographical identity than merely Religious ones. Though, many of the Scheduled Tribes have modes of worship not typical to mainstream Hindusim but ontologically form part of the cultural practices of the land, as Nature or ancestral worship, with varying degrees of <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribal_religions_in_India&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 816.31914770654px; border-left-color:#FB9A99"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FB9A99"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FB9A99"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; 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top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 73.038950184909px; border-left-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 25.742620821277px; border-left-color:#FF7F00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FF7F00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FF7F00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.028749131935px 13.903483209767px 0 0; border-top-color:#E31A1C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#E31A1C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:81.742649871992px 57.603291502352px 0 0; border-top-color:#33A02C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#33A02C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:20.955030024564px 97.779786851218px 0 0; border-top-color:#1F78B4"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#1F78B4"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>State/UT wise distribution of 7.9 million <abbr title="Other Religions and Persuasions">ORP</abbr> of India, 2011 census<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1F78B4; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jharkhand" title="Religion in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> (53.36%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#33A02C; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_West_Bengal" title="Religion in West Bengal">West Bengal</a> (11.87%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E31A1C; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madhya_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> (7.55%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF7F00; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a> (6.23%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6A3D9A; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> (6.03%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B15928; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> (4.57%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A6CEE3; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> (3.25%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B2DF8A; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> (2.95%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FB9A99; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> (2.25%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> Other (1.94%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census of India</a>, about 7.9 million (7,937,734) out of 1.21 billion people did not adhere to any of the subcontinent's main religious communities of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>. The census listed <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrians">Zoroastrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, and various specified and unspecified tribal religions separately under the header "Other Religions and Persuasions".<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of these religious census groupings, the most numerous are <a href="/wiki/Sarna_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarna (religion)">Sarna</a> (4.9 million respondents), <a href="/wiki/Gondi_people" title="Gondi people">Gondi</a> (1 million), <a href="/wiki/Sari_Dharam" title="Sari Dharam">Sari Dharam</a> (506,000), <a href="/wiki/Donyi-Poloism" class="mw-redirect" title="Donyi-Poloism">Donyi-Poloism</a> (331,000); <a href="/wiki/Sanamahi_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanamahi religion">Sanamahi</a> (222,000) and <a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi</a> (139,000), with all other religions numbering less than 100,000 respondents, including 18,000 for "tribal religion", 5,600 for "nature religion", and 4,100 "animists".<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Scheduled Tribes account 89.39% (7,095,408) of total ORP in India.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs">Customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribal_religions_in_India&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tribal people observe their festivals, which have no direct conflict with any religion, and they conduct marriage among them according to their tribal custom. They have their own way of life to maintain all privileges in matters connected with marriage and succession, according to their customary tribal faith.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In keeping with the nature of <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religion</a> generally, these particular religions often involve traditions of <a href="/wiki/Ancestor_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestor worship">ancestor worship</a> or worship of spirits of natural features.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The various tribes can be categorised into different major linguistic groupings, such as <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andamanese_languages" title="Andamanese languages">Andamanese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 25% of the <a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oraon_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Oraon people">Oraon people</a>, and 60% of the <a href="/wiki/Kharia_language" title="Kharia language">Kharia</a> people of Jharkhand (population about 130,000), are Christian. Altogether, 43% of <a href="/wiki/Kharia_people" title="Kharia people">Kharia</a> population is Hindu while 46% is Christian. However, almost two-thirds (63%) of the <a href="/wiki/Santhal_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Santhal people">Santhal</a>, over 40% of <a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ho_people" title="Ho people">Ho</a> tribal population are Hindus. Tribal groups in the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> were similarly affected by both <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> in the late 20th century. The small hunting-and-gathering groups in the union territory of <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">the Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> have been under severe pressure of cultural assimilation.<sup id="cite_ref-tr_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tr-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribal_religions_in_India&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Indian legal system, all the native or <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religions">indigenous religions</a> of India fall broadly under Hinduism, since the constitution does not classify only <a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic religions</a> as <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> as used in the colloquial norm. The term <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%90%8F%83%F0%90%8E%A1%F0%90%8E%AF%F0%90%8E%A2%F0%90%8F%81#Old_Persian" class="extiw" title="wikt:𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁">"Hindu" is derived from Persian</a> meaning "<a href="/wiki/Indo_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo subcontinent">Indo</a>" (or Indian), hence the official word "Hinduism" broadly refers to all the native cultures of the Indian subcontinent. The 1955 Hindu Marriage Act "[defines] as Hindus anyone who is not a <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jew</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Tribal_Religions_in_India">List of Tribal Religions in India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribal_religions_in_India&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of Tribal Religions in India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanamahi">Sanamahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songsarek" class="mw-redirect" title="Songsarek">Songsarek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_Niam_Khasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka Niam Khasi (page does not exist)">Ka Niam Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niamtre" title="Niamtre">Niamtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangfrah" title="Rangfrah">Rangfrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wancho_Religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wancho Religion (page does not exist)">Wancho Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nocte_Religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nocte Religion (page does not exist)">Nocte Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwa_people_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiwa people (India)">Tiwa Religion </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom religion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keoliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keoliya (page does not exist)">Keoliya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daikhoism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daikhoism (page does not exist)">Daikhoism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aronban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aronban (page does not exist)">Aronban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokhimon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokhimon (page does not exist)">Lokhimon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sat_Sang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sat Sang (page does not exist)">Sat Sang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honghari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honghari (page does not exist)">Honghari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumulang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cumulang (page does not exist)">Cumulang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyaoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyaoism">Dyaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siangsawn_Pasian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siangsawn Pasian (page does not exist)">Siangsawn Pasian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krama_Religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krama Religion (page does not exist)">Krama Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_Dharam" title="Sari Dharam">Sari Dharam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiratism" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiratism">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yumaism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yumaism (page does not exist)">Yumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_Dharam" title="Sari Dharam">Sari Dharam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onge_Religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onge Religion (page does not exist)">Onge Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jarawa_Religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jarawa Religion (page does not exist)">Jarawa Religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koyapunem" class="mw-redirect" title="Koyapunem">Koyapunem</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribal_religions_in_India&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk Hinduism">Folk Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalashism" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalashism">Kalashism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuristanis#Pre-Islamic_religion" title="Nuristanis">Kafirism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribal_religions_in_India&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11398/download/14511/DDW00C-01%20Appendix%20MDDS.xlsx">"C-01 Appendix: Details of religious community shown under 'Other religions and persuasions' in main table C01 - 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(xlsx)</span>. <i>Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India</i>. 21 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India&rft.atitle=C-01+Appendix%3A+Details+of+religious+community+shown+under+%27Other+religions+and+persuasions%27+in+main+table+C01+-+2011&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F11398%2Fdownload%2F14511%2FDDW00C-01%2520Appendix%2520MDDS.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATribal+religions+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114034625/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html">"ST-14: Scheduled Tribe population by religious community, 2011"</a>. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html">the original</a> on 14 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ST-14%3A+Scheduled+Tribe+population+by+religious+community%2C+2011&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FSCST-Series%2FST14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATribal+religions+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Educational_Research_and_Training" title="National Council of Educational Research and Training">National Council of Educational Research and Training</a>. "Social and Political Life - III". Publication Department, NCERT, 2009, p.83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924051948/https://www.wordsinthebucket.com/indian-tribal-languages-1">"Tribal Languages in India – Introduction (1/4)"</a>. 2019-09-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wordsinthebucket.com/indian-tribal-languages-1">the original</a> on 2019-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tribal+Languages+in+India+%E2%80%93+Introduction+%281%2F4%29&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordsinthebucket.com%2Findian-tribal-languages-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATribal+religions+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tr-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tr_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/india/57.htm">"The Green Revolution in India"</a>. <i>U.S. Library of Congress (released in <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>)</i>. Library of Congress Country Studies<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Library+of+Congress+%28released+in+public+domain%29&rft.atitle=The+Green+Revolution+in+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Findia%2F57.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATribal+religions+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavanaugh2009" class="citation cs2">Cavanaugh, William T. (2009), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythofreligiousv0000cava"><i>The Myth of Religious Violence : Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict: Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict</i></a></span>, Oxford University Press, p. 88, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195385045.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385045.001.0001</a></cite><span 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religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_harmony_in_India" title="Religious harmony in India">Religious harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_thinkers_of_India" title="Religious thinkers of India">Religious thinkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Ministry of Minority Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribal_religions_in_India&oldid=1258316099">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribal_religions_in_India&oldid=1258316099</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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