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University of Minnesota">Shyamala Rajender v. University of Minnesota</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251680060">.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-above{font-style:italic;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-red-header{background-color:red;color:white;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-green-header{background-color:green;color:white;font-weight:bold}</style><table class="infobox scotus ib-court-case"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Rajender v. University of Minnesota</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Minnesota" title="United States District Court for the District of Minnesota">United States District Court for the District of Minnesota</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i> Shyamala Rajender, et al. v. The University of Minnesota and the Regents of the University of Minnesota </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decided</th><td class="infobox-data">July 24, 1982</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Docket nos.</th><td class="infobox-data">Civ. No. 4-73-435</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data">546 <a href="/wiki/F._Supp." class="mw-redirect" title="F. Supp.">F. Supp.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/546/158/1870245/">158</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Case history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subsequent actions</th><td class="infobox-data">563 F. Supp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/563/401/1591413/">401</a> (D. Minn. 1983), judgment rev'd in part, vacated in part, 730 <a href="/wiki/F.2d" class="mw-redirect" title="F.2d">F.2d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/730/1110/345083/">1110</a> (<a href="/wiki/8th_Cir." class="mw-redirect" title="8th Cir.">8th Cir.</a> 1984).</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Court membership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge sitting</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miles_Lord" title="Miles Lord">Miles Lord</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Rajender v. University of Minnesota</b></i> was a landmark <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class action</a> lawsuit dealing with <a href="/wiki/Sexual_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual discrimination">sexual discrimination</a> at an American university.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case was filed on September 5, 1973, by Shyamala Rajender, an assistant professor of chemistry at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rajender accused the university of engaging in employment discrimination on the basis of sex and national origin after she was turned down for a <a href="/wiki/Tenure" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenure">tenure</a>-track position despite being recommended for the position by several university committees.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit was certified as a <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class action</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Minnesota" title="United States District Court for the District of Minnesota">United States District Court for the District of Minnesota</a> on February 13, 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After eleven weeks of trial, the suit was settled in 1980 by a <a href="/wiki/Consent_decree" title="Consent decree">consent decree</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rajender received $100,000 and Judge <a href="/wiki/Miles_Lord" title="Miles Lord">Miles Lord</a> enjoined the university from discriminating against women on the basis of sex.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rajender's attorneys were awarded approximately $2 million in fees.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit had a lasting impact on US colleges and universities.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajender_v._University_of_Minnesota&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_class-action_lawsuits" title="List of class-action lawsuits">List of class-action lawsuits</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajender_v._University_of_Minnesota&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlazer-Raymo1999" class="citation book cs1">Glazer-Raymo, Judith (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shatteringmythsw0000glaz"><i>Shattering the Myths: Women in Academe</i></a></span>. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shatteringmythsw0000glaz/page/94">94</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shattering+the+Myths%3A+Women+in+Academe&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Glazer-Raymo&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshatteringmythsw0000glaz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARajender+v.+University+of+Minnesota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWidener2023" class="citation journal cs1">Widener, Andrea (March 7, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cen.acs.org/careers/women-in-science/Shyamala-Rajender-fought-back-against-discrimination/101/i9">"How Shyamala Rajender fought back against discrimination"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_%26_Engineering_News" title="Chemical & Engineering News">Chemical & Engineering News</a></i>. <b>101</b> (9). <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-2347">0009-2347</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.atitle=How+Shyamala+Rajender+fought+back+against+discrimination&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=9&rft.date=2023-03-07&rft.issn=0009-2347&rft.aulast=Widener&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcen.acs.org%2Fcareers%2Fwomen-in-science%2FShyamala-Rajender-fought-back-against-discrimination%2F101%2Fi9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARajender+v.+University+of+Minnesota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkGarnerHigonnetKatrak1996" class="citation book cs1">Clark, VèVè; Garner, Shirley Nelson; Higonnet, Margaret; et al., eds. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antifeminisminac00veve"><i>Antifeminism in the academy</i></a></span>. Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antifeminisminac00veve/page/210">210–211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antifeminism+in+the+academy&rft.pages=210-211&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fantifeminisminac00veve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARajender+v.+University+of+Minnesota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Rajender v. University of Minnesota</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/546/158/1870245/">546 F. Supp. 158</a>, 160–61 (<a href="/wiki/D._Minn." class="mw-redirect" title="D. Minn.">D. Minn.</a> 1982).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rajender</i>, 546 F. Supp. at 161. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/100392">https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/100392</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohlstedtFischer2009" class="citation journal cs1">Kohlstedt, Sally G.; Fischer, Suzanne M. (2009). "Unstable Networks Among Women in Academe: the Legal Case of Shyamala Rajender". <i>Centaurus</i>. <b>51</b> (1): 37–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0498.2008.00131.x">10.1111/j.1600-0498.2008.00131.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19618550">19618550</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Centaurus&rft.atitle=Unstable+Networks+Among+Women+in+Academe%3A+the+Legal+Case+of+Shyamala+Rajender&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-62&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1600-0498.2008.00131.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19618550&rft.aulast=Kohlstedt&rft.aufirst=Sally+G.&rft.au=Fischer%2C+Suzanne+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARajender+v.+University+of+Minnesota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeap1993" class="citation book cs1">Leap, Terry L. (1993). <i>Tenure, discrimination, and the courts</i>. Cornell University. p. 186.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tenure%2C+discrimination%2C+and+the+courts&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Leap&rft.aufirst=Terry+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARajender+v.+University+of+Minnesota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipp1987" class="citation news cs1">Shipp, E. R. (November 8, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/08/education/the-litigious-groves-of-academe.html">"The Litigious Groves of Academe"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Litigious+Groves+of+Academe&rft.date=1987-11-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Shipp&rft.aufirst=E.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F11%2F08%2Feducation%2Fthe-litigious-groves-of-academe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARajender+v.+University+of+Minnesota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajender_v._University_of_Minnesota&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YwoIEAAAQBAJ">Up Against the Ivory Tower</a>, a memoir by Shyamala Rajender</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="University_of_Minnesota,_Twin_Cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Minnesota campus"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Minnesota,_Twin_Cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota"><span style="color:white">University of Minnesota, Twin Cities</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;"><div><b>Located in</b>: <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul"><span style="color:white">Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Colleges<br />and schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_College_of_Biological_Sciences" title="University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences">College of Biological Sciences</a></li> <li>College of Continuing Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota-Twin_Cities_College_of_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Minnesota-Twin Cities College of Design">College of Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_School_of_Dentistry" title="University of Minnesota School of Dentistry">School of Dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_College_of_Education_and_Human_Development" title="University of Minnesota College of Education and Human Development">College of Education and Human Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_College_of_Food,_Agricultural_and_Natural_Resource_Sciences" title="University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences">College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_School_of_Journalism_and_Mass_Communication" title="University of Minnesota School of Journalism and Mass Communication">School of Journalism and Mass Communication </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Law_School" title="University of Minnesota Law School">Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_College_of_Liberal_Arts" title="University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts">College of Liberal Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlson_School_of_Management" title="Carlson School of Management">Carlson School of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Medical_School" title="University of Minnesota Medical School">Medical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_School_of_Nursing" title="University of Minnesota School of Nursing">School of Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_College_of_Pharmacy" title="University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy">College of Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Humphrey School of Public Affairs">Humphrey School of Public Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_School_of_Public_Health" title="University of Minnesota School of Public Health">School of Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_College_of_Science_and_Engineering" title="University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering">College of Science and Engineering</a></li> <li>College of Veterinary Medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_in_the_Schools" title="College in the Schools">College in the Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Research centers<br />and institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study_at_University_of_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Advanced Study at University of Minnesota">Institute for Advanced Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Babbage Institute">Charles Babbage Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_on_the_Environment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute on the Environment (page does not exist)">Institute on the Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Geometry_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Geometry Center">The Geometry Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroupLens_Research" title="GroupLens Research">GroupLens Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heller-Hurwicz_Economics_Institute" title="Heller-Hurwicz Economics Institute">Heller-Hurwicz Economics Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_History_Research_Center" title="Immigration History Research Center">Immigration History Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Infectious_Disease_Research_and_Policy" title="Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy">Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Law_and_Politics" title="Institute for Law and Politics">Institute for Law and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Mathematics_and_its_Applications" title="Institute for Mathematics and its Applications">Institute for Mathematics and its Applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Cancer_Center" title="Masonic Cancer Center">Masonic Cancer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Population_Center" title="Minnesota Population Center">Minnesota Population Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Engineering_and_Technology_Education" title="National Center for Engineering and Technology Education">National Center for Engineering and Technology Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Geospatial_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Polar Geospatial Center">The Polar Geospatial Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_primate_research" title="University of Minnesota primate research">University of Minnesota primate research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soudan_Underground_Mine_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Soudan Underground Mine State Park">Soudan Underground Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Supercomputing_Institute" title="University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute">University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I._Fine_Theoretical_Physics_Institute" title="William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute">William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Future_Anterior" title="Future Anterior">Future Anterior</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mechademia" title="Mechademia">Mechademia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Management_Information_Systems_Quarterly" title="Management Information Systems Quarterly">Management Information Systems Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Law_Review" title="Minnesota Law Review">Minnesota Law Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Journal_of_International_Law" title="Minnesota Journal of International Law">Minnesota Journal of International Law</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Transport_and_Land_Use" title="Journal of Transport and Land Use">Journal of Transport and Land Use</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AD%C4%8Dazo_%C5%A0a_Review" title="Wíčazo Ša Review">Wíčazo Ša Review</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Athletics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers">Golden Gophers</a> <ul><li>Basketball <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_men%27s_basketball" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball">men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women%27s_basketball" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers women's basketball">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_football" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women%27s_gymnastics" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers women's gymnastics">Gymnastics</a></li> <li>Ice hockey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey">men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women%27s_soccer" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers women's soccer">Soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women%27s_volleyball" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers women's volleyball">Volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_wrestling" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Lyle_Robbie_Stadium" title="Elizabeth Lyle Robbie Stadium">Elizabeth Lyle Robbie Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Bolstad_Golf_Course" title="Les Bolstad Golf Course">Les Bolstad Golf Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M_Arena_at_Mariucci" title="3M Arena at Mariucci">3M Arena at Mariucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Stadium_(University_of_Minnesota)" title="Memorial Stadium (University of Minnesota)">Memorial Stadium</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Metrodome" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome">Metrodome</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Field" title="Northrop Field">Northrop Field</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridder_Arena" title="Ridder Arena">Ridder Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebert_Field" title="Siebert Field">Siebert Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Bank_Stadium" title="Huntington Bank Stadium">Huntington Bank Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Arena" title="Williams Arena">Williams Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldy_Gopher" title="Goldy Gopher">Goldy Gopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski-U-Mah_(slogan)" title="Ski-U-Mah (slogan)">Ski-U-Mah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_Spirit_Squads" title="Minnesota Golden Gophers Spirit Squads">Spirit Squads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Marching_Band" title="University of Minnesota Marching Band">Minnesota Marching Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Rouser" title="Minnesota Rouser">Minnesota Rouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_March" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesota March">Minnesota March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_Gopher_Victory" title="Go Gopher Victory">Go Gopher Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Minnesota" title="Our Minnesota">Our Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Fight" title="Minnesota Fight">Minnesota Fight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail!_Minnesota" title="Hail! Minnesota">Hail! Minnesota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference" title="Big Ten Conference">Big Ten Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Collegiate_Hockey_Association" title="Western Collegiate Hockey Association">Western Collegiate Hockey Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Brown_Jug_(college_football_trophy)" title="Little Brown Jug (college football trophy)">Little Brown Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota%E2%80%93Wisconsin_football_rivalry" title="Minnesota–Wisconsin football rivalry">Paul Bunyan's Axe/Slab of Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa%E2%80%93Minnesota_football_rivalry" title="Iowa–Minnesota football rivalry">Floyd of Rosedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Star_College_Cup" title="North Star College Cup">North Star College Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Armory" title="University of Minnesota Armory">Armory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Bell Museum of Natural History">Bell Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Children%27s_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Minnesota Children's Hospital">Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffman_Memorial_Union" title="Coffman Memorial Union">Coffman Memorial Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Old_Campus_Historic_District" title="University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District">Old Campus Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastcliff_(mansion)" title="Eastcliff (mansion)">Eastcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_E._Nash_Gallery" title="Katherine E. Nash Gallery">Katherine E. Nash Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Libraries" title="University of Minnesota Libraries">Library System</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean-Nickolaus_Tretter_Collection_in_Gay,_Lesbian,_Bisexual_and_Transgender_Studies" title="Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection in Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Studies">Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection in GLBT Studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Ford_Bell_Library" title="James Ford Bell Library">James Ford Bell Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kautz_Family_YMCA_Archives" title="Kautz Family YMCA Archives">Kautz Family YMCA Archives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Library" title="Walter Library">Walter Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Moos_Health_Sciences_Tower" title="Malcolm Moos Health Sciences Tower">Moos Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Cancer_Center" title="Masonic Cancer Center">Masonic Cancer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McNamara_Alumni_Center" title="McNamara Alumni Center">McNamara Alumni Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Minnesota Medical Center">Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Auditorium" title="Northrop Auditorium">Northrop Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rarig_Center" title="Rarig Center">Rarig Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Steam_Plant" title="Southeast Steam Plant">Southeast Steam Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weisman_Art_Museum" title="Weisman Art Museum">Weisman Art Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Campus_Shuttle" title="University of Minnesota Campus Shuttle">Campus Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Bridge_Number_9" title="Northern Pacific Bridge Number 9">Dinkytown Bikeway Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gopher_Way" title="The Gopher Way">Gopher Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Green_Line_(Minnesota)" title="Metro Green Line (Minnesota)">METRO Green Line</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Bank_station" title="West Bank station">West Bank station</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Bank_station" title="East Bank station">East Bank station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stadium_Village_station" title="Stadium Village station">Stadium Village station</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_of_M_Transitway" title="U of M Transitway">Transitway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Avenue_Bridge_(Minneapolis)" title="Washington Avenue Bridge (Minneapolis)">Washington Ave. Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Flats" title="Bohemian Flats">Bohemian Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar-Riverside,_Minneapolis" title="Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis">Cedar-Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkytown" title="Dinkytown">Dinkytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rounds_Scenic_Byway" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Rounds Scenic Byway">Grand Rounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_National_River_and_Recreation_Area" title="Mississippi National River and Recreation Area">Mississippi National River and Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Mall" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Mall">Northrop Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_Village,_Minneapolis" title="Stadium Village, Minneapolis">Stadium Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_and_Professional_Student_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate and Professional Student Assembly">GAPSA</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Daily" title="Minnesota Daily">Minnesota Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesota Republic">Minnesota Republic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUOM" title="KUOM">Radio K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Solar_Vehicle_Project" title="University of Minnesota Solar Vehicle Project">Solar Vehicle Project</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wake_Student_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wake Student Magazine">The Wake</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Centennial_Showboat" title="Minnesota Centennial Showboat">Minnesota Centennial Showboat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shyamala_Rajender_v._University_of_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Shyamala Rajender v. University of Minnesota">Shyamala Rajender v. University of Minnesota</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Starvation_Experiment" title="Minnesota Starvation Experiment">Starvation Experiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Minnesota_people#Alumni" title="List of University of Minnesota people">Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Minnesota_people#Faculty" title="List of University of Minnesota people">Faculty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #7A0019; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCC33, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCC33;"><div> <ul><li><b>Founded</b>: 1851</li> <li><b>Students</b>: 54,890</li> <li><b>Endowment</b>: 3.281 billion</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Minnesota" title="Category:University of Minnesota"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; 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