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searchaux" style="display:none">A serial communication protocol for two-channel digital audio</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"i2s" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/IIS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="IIS (disambiguation)">IIS (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/IS2_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="IS2 (disambiguation)">IS2 (disambiguation)</a>, or <a href="/wiki/I2_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="I2 (disambiguation)">I2 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox-table"><caption class="infobox-title">I²S bus</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/Serial_communication" title="Serial communication">Serial communication</a> <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">bus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips Semiconductor</a>, known today as <a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Semiconductors</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designed</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> 1986<span class="noprint">; 38 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1986</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Data signal</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/Push%E2%80%93pull_output" title="Push–pull output">Push-pull</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> 1 data line (SD) +<br />2 clock lines (SCK, WS)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Protocol</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/Serial_communication" title="Serial communication">Serial</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Inter-Integrated Circuit Sound</b> (<b>I²S</b>, pronounced "eye-squared-ess"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Serial_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial bus">serial</a> interface protocol for transmitting two-channel, digital audio as <a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">pulse-code modulation</a> (PCM) between <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> (IC) components of an electronic device. An I²S bus separates clock and serial data signals, resulting in simpler receivers than those required for asynchronous communications systems that need to recover the clock from the data stream. Alternatively, I²S is spelled <b>I2S</b> (pronounced eye-two-ess) or <b>IIS</b> (pronounced eye-eye-ess). Despite a similar name, I²S is unrelated to <a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C2%B2S&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The protocol standard was introduced in 1986 by Philips Semiconductor (now <a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Semiconductors</a>) and was first revised June 5, 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i2s-spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The standard was last revised on February 17, 2022 and updated terms <a href="/wiki/Master/slave_(technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master/slave (technology)"><i>master</i> and <i>slave</i></a> to <i>controller</i> and <i>target</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nxp-spec2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nxp-spec2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C2%B2S&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I2S_Timing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/I2S_Timing.svg/500px-I2S_Timing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/I2S_Timing.svg/750px-I2S_Timing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/I2S_Timing.svg/1000px-I2S_Timing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Digital_timing_diagram" title="Digital timing diagram">Timing diagram</a> of I²S</figcaption></figure> <p>As shown in the diagram, the protocol requires the following lines: </p> <ul><li>Serial clock (<b>SCK</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i2s-spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a.k.a. bit clock (BCLK).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Word select (<b>WS</b>);<sup id="cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i2s-spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a.k.a. left-right clock (LRCLK)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or frame sync (FS).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 0 = Left channel, 1 = Right channel<sup id="cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i2s-spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Serial data (<b>SD</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i2s-spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a.k.a. SDATA, SDIN, SDOUT, DACDAT, ADCDAT<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The protocol may also include the following lines: </p> <ul><li>Master clock (typically 256 x LRCLK); not part of the standard,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is commonly included for synchronizing the internal operation of the analog/digital converters<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A multiplexed data line for upload</li></ul> <p>The bit clock pulses once for each discrete bit of data on the data lines. The bit clock frequency is the product of the <a href="/wiki/Sample_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample rate">sample rate</a>, the number of bits per channel and the number of channels. So, for example, CD Audio with a sample frequency of 44.1 kHz, with 16 bits of precision and two channels (stereo) has a bit clock frequency of: </p> <dl><dd>44.1 kHz × 16 × 2 = 1.4112 MHz</dd></dl> <p>The word select clock lets the device know whether channel 1 (WS = 0) or channel 2 (WS = 1) is currently being sent, because I²S allows two channels to be sent on the same data line. It is a 50% duty-cycle signal that has the same frequency as the sample frequency. For stereo material, the I²S specification states that left audio is transmitted on the low cycle of the word select clock and the right channel is transmitted on the high cycle. It is typically synchronized to the falling edge of the serial clock, as the data is latched on the rising edge.<sup id="cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i2s-spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word select clock changes one bit clock period before the MSB is transmitted. This enables, for example, the receiver to store the previous word and clear the input for the next.<sup id="cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i2s-spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Data is <a href="/wiki/Signed_number_representations" title="Signed number representations">signed</a>, encoded as <a href="/wiki/Two%27s_complement" title="Two's complement">two's complement</a> with the MSB (<a href="/wiki/Most_significant_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Most significant bit">most significant bit</a>) <a href="/wiki/Bit_endianness" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit endianness">first</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i2s-spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows the number of bits per frame to be arbitrary, with no negotiation required between transmitter and receiver.<sup id="cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i2s-spec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_an_audio_interconnect">As an audio interconnect</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C2%B2S&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As an audio interconnect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:I%C2%B2S#Audio_Interconnect" title="Talk:I²S">talk page</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/I%C2%B2S" title="Special:EditPage/I²S">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In audio equipment, I²S is sometimes used as an external link between a CD player or digital audio streaming device and an external <a href="/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter" title="Digital-to-analog converter">digital-to-analog converter</a>, as opposed to a purely internal connection within one player box. This may form an alternative to the commonly used <a href="/wiki/AES/EBU" class="mw-redirect" title="AES/EBU">AES/EBU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toslink" class="mw-redirect" title="Toslink">Toslink</a> or <a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a> standards. </p><p>The I²S connection was not intended to be used via cables, and most integrated circuits will not have the correct impedance for coaxial cables. As the impedance adaptation error associated with the different line lengths can cause differences in propagation delay between the clock line and data line, this can result in synchronization problems between the SCK, WS and data signals, mainly at high sampling frequencies and bitrates. As the I²S bus doesn't have any error detection mechanism, this can cause significant decoding errors. </p><p>There is no standard interconnecting cable for this application. Some manufacturers simply provide three <a href="/wiki/BNC_connector" title="BNC connector">BNC connectors</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Modular_connector#8P8C" title="Modular connector">8P8C ("RJ45")</a> socket or a <a href="/wiki/D-subminiature" title="D-subminiature">DE-9</a> connector. Others like <a href="/wiki/Audio_Alchemy" title="Audio Alchemy">Audio Alchemy</a> (now defunct) used <a href="/wiki/DIN_connector" title="DIN connector">DIN connectors</a>. <a href="/wiki/PS_Audio" title="PS Audio">PS Audio</a>, Musica Pristina and Wyred4Sound use an HDMI connector.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch manufacturer Van Medevoort has implemented Q-link in some of its equipment, which transfers I²S over 4 RCA connectors (data, MCK, LRCK, BCK). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C2%B2S&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serial_peripheral_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial peripheral interface">Serial peripheral interface</a> – Synchronous serial communication interface<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a> – Standardized digital audio interface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division multiplexing</a> – Multiplexing technique for digital signals</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C2%B2S&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-i2s-spec-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i2s-spec_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102004400/http://www.nxp.com/acrobat_download/various/I2SBUS.pdf">"I²S Specification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philips Semiconductors. June 5, 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nxp.com/acrobat_download/various/I2SBUS.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 2, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I%C2%B2S+Specification&rft.pub=Philips+Semiconductors&rft.date=1996-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nxp.com%2Facrobat_download%2Fvarious%2FI2SBUS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C2%B2S" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nxp-spec2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nxp-spec2022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/user-manual/UM11732.pdf">"UM11732 I2S bus specification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NXP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UM11732+I2S+bus+specification&rft.pub=NXP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nxp.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fuser-manual%2FUM11732.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C2%B2S" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2012" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Jerad (January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/technical-articles/MS-2275.pdf">"Technical Article MS-2275: Common Inter-IC Digital Interfaces for Audio Data Transfer"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Analog Devices, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technical+Article+MS-2275%3A+Common+Inter-IC+Digital+Interfaces+for+Audio+Data+Transfer&rft.pub=Analog+Devices%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012-01&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Jerad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.analog.com%2Fmedia%2Fen%2Ftechnical-documentation%2Ftechnical-articles%2FMS-2275.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C2%B2S" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/102588/mclk-in-i2s-audio-protocol">"MCLK in I2S audio protocol"</a>. <i>electronics.stackexchange.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-04</span></span>. <q>Clock source for the delta-sigma modulators and digital filters. ... It is the clock that is used by the audio codec ... to time and/or drive its own internal operation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=electronics.stackexchange.com&rft.atitle=MCLK+in+I2S+audio+protocol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felectronics.stackexchange.com%2Fquestions%2F102588%2Fmclk-in-i2s-audio-protocol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C2%B2S" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e2e.ti.com/support/data_converters/audio_converters/f/64/t/504731">"PCM1781 (or any I2S DAC) clock sources - Audio Converters Forum - Audio Converters - TI E2E Community"</a>. <i>e2e.ti.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-04</span></span>. <q>True, the master (modulator) clock is not part of the I2S standard</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=e2e.ti.com&rft.atitle=PCM1781+%28or+any+I2S+DAC%29+clock+sources+-+Audio+Converters+Forum+-+Audio+Converters+-+TI+E2E+Community&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe2e.ti.com%2Fsupport%2Fdata_converters%2Faudio_converters%2Ff%2F64%2Ft%2F504731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C2%B2S" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArbona2010" class="citation web cs1">Arbona, Jorge (September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slaa469/slaa469.pdf">"Application Report SLAA469 Audio Serial Interface Configurations for Audio Codecs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <q>Audio converters based on the delta-sigma (ΔΣ) architecture require an internal master clock that operates at a much faster rate than the target sample rate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Application+Report+SLAA469+Audio+Serial+Interface+Configurations+for+Audio+Codecs&rft.date=2010-09&rft.aulast=Arbona&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ti.com%2Flit%2Fan%2Fslaa469%2Fslaa469.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C2%B2S" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGowan2010" class="citation web cs1">McGowan, Paul (2010-04-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diyaudio.com/community/threads/i2s-standards-from-ps-audio.164366/">"I2S standards from PS Audio"</a>. <i>diyAudio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=diyAudio&rft.atitle=I2S+standards+from+PS+Audio&rft.date=2010-04-02&rft.aulast=McGowan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diyaudio.com%2Fcommunity%2Fthreads%2Fi2s-standards-from-ps-audio.164366%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C2%B2S" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C2%B2S&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102004400/http://www.nxp.com/acrobat_download/various/I2SBUS.pdf">I²S Specification</a> - Philips/NXP</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223115501/http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~nelson/courses/elec5260_6260/Inter-IC%20Sound%20%28I2S%29%20Bus2.pdf">I²S and STM32F4 Slides</a> - Auburn University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edn.com/design/consumer/4390981/Common-inter-IC-digital-interfaces-for-audio-data-transfer-">Common inter-IC digital interfaces for audio data transfer</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/tech_articles/MS-2275.pdf">PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912212958/http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/tech_articles/MS-2275.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-09-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">computer buses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_bus" title="System bus">System bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-side_bus" title="Back-side bus">Back-side bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(electrical_engineering)" title="Daisy chain (electrical engineering)">Daisy chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_bus" title="Control bus">Control bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Address_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Address bus">Address bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_contention" title="Bus contention">Bus contention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_mastering" title="Bus mastering">Bus mastering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_on_a_chip" title="Network on a chip">Network on a chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_and_play" title="Plug and play">Plug and play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates#Computer_buses" title="List of interface bit rates">List of bus bandwidths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-50_bus" title="SS-50 bus">SS-50 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100 bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAXBI_bus" title="VAXBI bus">VAXBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBus_(SPARC)" title="MBus (SPARC)">MBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STD_Bus" title="STD Bus">STD Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-Bus" title="Q-Bus">Q-Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Card_Bus" title="Europe Card Bus">Europe Card Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Industry Standard Architecture">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEbus" title="STEbus">STEbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_II" title="Amiga Zorro II">Zorro II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Zorro_III" title="Amiga Zorro III">Zorro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Automated_Measurement_and_Control" title="Computer Automated Measurement and Control">CAMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTBUS" title="FASTBUS">FASTBUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Pin_Count" title="Low Pin Count">LPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Precision_Bus" title="HP Precision Bus">HP Precision Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Extended Industry Standard Architecture">EISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMEbus" title="VMEbus">VME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VME_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="VME eXtensions for Instrumentation">VXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXS" title="VXS">VXS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPX" title="VPX">VPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuBus" title="NuBus">NuBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Channel_architecture" title="Micro Channel architecture">MCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBus" title="SBus">SBus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VESA_Local_Bus" title="VESA Local Bus">VLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSC_bus" title="GSC bus">HP GSC bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Port_Architecture" title="Ultra Port Architecture">UPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI-X" title="PCI-X">PCI Extended (PCI-X)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_eXtensions_for_Instrumentation" title="PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation">PXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express (PCIe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port" title="Accelerated Graphics Port">AGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compute_Express_Link" title="Compute Express Link">Compute Express Link (CXL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Media_Interface" title="Direct Media Interface">Direct Media Interface (DMI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidIO" title="RapidIO">RapidIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnect" title="Intel QuickPath Interconnect">Intel QuickPath Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVLink" title="NVLink">NVLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinity Fabric">Infinity Fabric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Ultra_Path_Interconnect" title="Intel Ultra Path Interconnect">Intel Ultra Path Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coherent_Accelerator_Processor_Interface" title="Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface">Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceWire" title="SpaceWire">SpaceWire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ST-506/ST-412" title="ST-506/ST-412">ST-506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Small_Disk_Interface" title="Enhanced Small Disk Interface">ESDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Peripheral_Interface" title="Intelligent Peripheral Interface">IPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_Module_Device" title="Storage Module Device">SMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA (PATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_and_Tag" title="Bus and Tag">Bus and Tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Storage_Systems_Interconnect" title="Digital Storage Systems Interconnect">DSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIPPI" title="HIPPI">HIPPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">Serial ATA (SATA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI" title="Serial Attached SCSI">SAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESCON" title="ESCON">ESCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Storage_Architecture" title="Serial Storage Architecture">SSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATAe</a></li> <li>PCI Express (via <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">AHCI</a> or <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a> logical device interface)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripheral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Apple Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_SIO" title="Atari SIO">Atari SIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Control_Bus" title="Digital Control Bus">DCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_bus" title="Commodore bus">Commodore bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-IL" title="HP-IL">HP-IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIL_bus" title="HIL bus">HIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-423" title="RS-423">RS-423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_(connector)" title="Lightning (connector)">Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMX512#DMX512-A" title="DMX512">DMX512-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE-488" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE-488">IEEE-488 (GPIB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1284" title="IEEE 1284">IEEE-1284 (parallel port)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE-1394 (FireWire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNI/O" title="UNI/O">UNI/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Wire" title="1-Wire">1-Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a> (<a href="/wiki/ACCESS.bus" title="ACCESS.bus">ACCESS.bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_Management_Bus" title="Power Management Bus">PMBus</a>, <a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I3C_(bus)" title="I3C (bus)">I3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface" title="Serial Peripheral Interface">SPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">D²B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel SCSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profibus" title="Profibus">Profibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Link" title="Camera Link">Camera Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_External_Cabling" title="PCI Express">External PCIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAT_Lightpipe" title="ADAT Lightpipe">ADAT Lightpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">AES3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_High_Definition_Audio" title="Intel High Definition Audio">Intel HD Audio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I²S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MADI" title="MADI">MADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McASP" title="McASP">McASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">TOSLINK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">ExpressCard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Embedded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">Multidrop bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoreConnect" title="CoreConnect">CoreConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Microcontroller_Bus_Architecture" title="Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture">AMBA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Advanced_eXtensible_Interface" title="Advanced eXtensible Interface">AXI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_(computer_bus)" title="Wishbone (computer bus)">Wishbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLIMbus" title="SLIMbus">SLIMbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.</small><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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