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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Slavery_as_It_Is" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Slavery_as_It_Is"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span><i>American Slavery as It Is</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Slavery_as_It_Is-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archival_material" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archival_material"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Archival material</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archival_material-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A" title="أنجلينا غريمكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنجلينا غريمكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Angelina Grimké" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Angelina Grimké" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Emily_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Emily Grimké – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Angelina Emily Grimké" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Angelina Grimké" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Angelina Grimké" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Emily_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Emily Grimké – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Angelina Emily Grimké" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EC%A0%A4%EB%A6%AC%EB%82%98_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%BC%EC%BC%80" title="안젤리나 그림케 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안젤리나 그림케" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Grimke" title="Angelina Grimke – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angelina Grimke" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Angelina Grimké" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86" title="ആഞ്ജലിന ഗ്രിമ്കെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആഞ്ജലിന ഗ്രിമ്കെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9_Weld" title="Angelina Grimké Weld – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Angelina Grimké Weld" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="انجیلینا ګریمکي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انجیلینا ګریمکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Angelina Grimké" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B5,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гримке, Анжелина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гримке, Анжелина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9_Weld" title="Angelina Grimké Weld – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Angelina Grimké Weld" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2849426#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American abolitionist and feminist (1805–1879)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For her great-niece, the poet and author, see <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Weld_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Weld Grimké">Angelina Weld Grimké</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Grimk%C3%A9_sisters" title="Grimké sisters">Grimké sisters</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Angelina Emily Grimké</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9.jpg/225px-Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1805-02-20</span>)</span>February 20, 1805<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 26, 1879<span style="display:none">(1879-10-26)</span> (aged 74)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyde Park, Massachusetts">Hyde Park, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Politician, abolitionist, suffragist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Weld" title="Theodore Dwight Weld">Theodore Dwight Weld</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="May 1838">1838</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Angelina_Emily_Grimk%C3%A9_Weld_(1805%E2%80%931879).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Signature_of_Angelina_Emily_Grimk%C3%A9_Weld_%281805%E2%80%931879%29.png/150px-Signature_of_Angelina_Emily_Grimk%C3%A9_Weld_%281805%E2%80%931879%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Signature_of_Angelina_Emily_Grimk%C3%A9_Weld_%281805%E2%80%931879%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="159" data-file-height="32" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Angelina Emily Grimké Weld</b> (February 20, 1805 – October 26, 1879) was an American <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a>, political activist, <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a> advocate, and supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's suffrage movement">women's suffrage movement</a>. At one point she was the best known, or "most notorious," woman in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Todras_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Todras-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 100, 104">: 100, 104 </span></sup> She and her sister <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Moore Grimké</a> were considered the only notable examples of white Southern women <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">abolitionists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lerner1963_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lerner1963-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sisters lived together as adults, while Angelina was the wife of abolitionist leader <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Weld" title="Theodore Dwight Weld">Theodore Dwight Weld</a>. </p><p>Although raised in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, Angelina and Sarah spent their entire adult lives in the North. Angelina's greatest fame was between 1835, when <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a> published a letter of hers in his anti-slavery newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Liberator_(anti-slavery_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Liberator (anti-slavery newspaper)">The Liberator</a></i>, and May 1838, when she gave a speech to abolitionists with a hostile, noisy, stone-throwing crowd outside <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hall_(Philadelphia)" title="Pennsylvania Hall (Philadelphia)">Pennsylvania Hall</a>. The essays and speeches she produced in that period were incisive arguments to end slavery and to advance women's rights. </p><p>Drawing her views from <a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural rights theory">natural rights theory</a> (as set forth in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>), the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, Christian beliefs in the Bible, and her own childhood memories of the cruel slavery and racism in the South, Grimké proclaimed the injustice of denying freedom to any man or woman.<sup id="cite_ref-Lerner1963_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lerner1963-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When challenged for speaking in public to mixed audiences of men and women in 1837, she and her sister Sarah fiercely defended women's right to make speeches and participate in political discourse. </p><p>In May 1838, Angelina married <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Weld" title="Theodore Dwight Weld">Theodore Dwight Weld</a>, a prominent abolitionist. They lived in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> with her sister Sarah and raised three children, Charles Stuart (1839), Theodore Grimké (1841), and Sarah Grimké Weld (1844).<sup id="cite_ref-Michals_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michals-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They earned a living by running two schools, the latter located in the <a href="/wiki/Raritan_Bay_Union" title="Raritan Bay Union">Raritan Bay Union</a> utopian community. After the Civil War ended, the Grimké–Weld household moved to <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyde Park, Massachusetts">Hyde Park, Massachusetts</a>, where they spent their final years. Angelina and Sarah were active in the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association">Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_background">Family background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grimké was born in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, to <a href="/wiki/John_Faucheraud_Grimk%C3%A9" title="John Faucheraud Grimké">John Faucheraud Grimké</a> and Mary Smith, both from wealthy <a href="/wiki/Planter_class" title="Planter class">planter</a> families. Her father was an <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Church in the United States of America">Anglican</a> lawyer, planter, politician, and judge, a Revolutionary War veteran, and a distinguished member of Charleston society. Her mother Mary was a descendant of South Carolina Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Smith_(governor_of_South_Carolina)" title="Thomas Smith (governor of South Carolina)">Thomas Smith</a>. Her parents owned a <a href="/wiki/Plantations_in_the_American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantations in the American South">plantation</a> and were major slaveholders. Angelina was the youngest of 14 children. Her father believed women should be subordinate to men and provided education to only his male children, but the boys shared their studies with their sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-Michals_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michals-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years_and_religious_activity">Early years and religious activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years and religious activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both Mary and John Grimké were strong advocates of the traditional, upper-class, Southern values that permeated their rank of Charleston society. Mary would not permit the girls to socialize outside the prescribed elite social circles, and John remained a slaveholder his entire life. </p><p>Nicknamed "Nina", young Angelina Grimké was very close to her older sister <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Moore Grimké</a>, who, at the age of 13, persuaded her parents to allow her to be Angelina's godmother. The two sisters maintained a close relationship throughout their lives, and lived together for most of their lives, albeit with several short periods of separation. </p><p>Even as a child, Angelina was described in family letters and diaries as the most self-righteous, curious, and self-assured of all her siblings. In her biography <i>The Grimké Sisters from South Carolina</i>, historian <a href="/wiki/Gerda_Lerner" title="Gerda Lerner">Gerda Lerner</a> writes: "It never occurred to [Angelina] that she should abide by the superior judgment of her male relatives or that anyone might consider her inferior, simply for being a girl."<sup id="cite_ref-Lerner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lerner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 67">: 67 </span></sup> More so than her elder sister (and later, fellow abolitionist) Sarah, Angelina seemed to be naturally inquisitive and outspoken, a trait which often offended her traditional family and friends. </p><p>When the time came for her confirmation in the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a> at the age of 13, Angelina refused to recite the creed of faith. An inquisitive and rebellious girl, she concluded that she could not agree with it and would not complete the confirmation ceremony. Angelina converted to the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> faith in April 1826, aged 21. </p><p>Angelina was an active member of the Presbyterian church. A proponent of biblical study and interfaith education, she taught a Sabbath school class and also provided religious services to her family's slaves—a practice her mother originally frowned upon, but later participated in. Grimké became a close friend of the pastor of her church, Rev. William McDowell. McDowell was a Northerner who had previously been the pastor of a Presbyterian church in New Jersey. Grimké and McDowell were both very opposed to the institution of slavery, on the grounds that it was a morally deficient system that violated Christian law and human rights. McDowell advocated patience and prayer over direct action and argued that abolishing slavery "would create even worse evils".<sup id="cite_ref-Lerner1963_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lerner1963-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This position was unacceptable to the young Angelina. </p><p>In 1829, she addressed the issue of slavery at a meeting in her church and said that all members of the congregation should openly condemn the practice. Because she was such an active member of the church community, her audience was respectful when it declined her proposal. By this time the church had come to terms with slavery, finding biblical justification and urging good Christian slaveholders to exercise paternalism and improve the treatment of their slaves. But Angelina lost faith in the values of the Presbyterian church and in 1829 she was officially expelled.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (October 2019)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup> With her sister Sarah's support, Angelina adopted the tenets of the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Quaker</a> faith. The Quaker community was very small in Charleston, and she quickly set out to reform her friends and family. However, given her self-righteous nature, her condescending comments about others tended to offend more than persuade. After deciding that she could not fight slavery while living in the South among white slaveowners, she followed her older sister Sarah to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. She would never see Charleston or her mother again.<sup id="cite_ref-Todras_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Todras-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 34">: 34 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism">Activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Grimk%C3%A9_sisters" title="Grimké sisters">Grimké sisters</a></div> <p>The Grimké sisters joined a Philadelphia chapter of the Quakers. During this period, they remained relatively ignorant of certain political issues and debates; the only periodical they read regularly was <a href="/wiki/The_Friend_(Quaker_magazine)" title="The Friend (Quaker magazine)"><i>The Friend</i></a>, the weekly paper of the Society of Friends. <i>The Friend</i> provided limited information on current events and discussed them only within the context of the Quaker community. Thus, at the time, Grimké was unaware of (and therefore uninfluenced by) events such as the <a href="/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Hayne_debate" title="Webster–Hayne debate">Webster–Hayne debates</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maysville_Road_veto" title="Maysville Road veto">Maysville Road veto</a>, as well as controversial public figures such as <a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Frances Wright</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For a time in Philadelphia, Angelina lived with her widowed sister, Anna Grimké Frost. The younger woman was struck by the lack of options for widowed women, which during this period were mostly limited to remarriage. Generally, women of the upper classes did not work outside the home. Realizing the importance of education, Angelina decided to become a teacher. She briefly considered attending the <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Female_Seminary" title="Hartford Female Seminary">Hartford Female Seminary</a>, an institution founded and run by her future adversary <a href="/wiki/Catharine_Beecher" title="Catharine Beecher">Catharine Beecher</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but she remained in Philadelphia for the time being. </p><p>Over time, she became frustrated by the Quaker community's lack of involvement in the contemporary debate on slavery. In the first two decades after the Revolution, its preachers had traveled in the South to preach manumission of slaves, but increased demand in the domestic market with the development of cotton in the Deep South ended that window of freedom. She began to read more abolitionist literature, including the periodicals <i>The Emancipator</i> and William Lloyd Garrison's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Liberator_(anti-slavery_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Liberator (anti-slavery newspaper)">The Liberator</a></i> (in which she would later be published). Sarah and the traditional Quakers disapproved of Angelina's interest in radical abolitionism, but she became steadily more involved in the movement. She began to attend anti-slavery meetings and lectures, and joined the newly organized <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Female_Anti-Slavery_Society" title="Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society">Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society</a> in 1835. </p><p>In the fall of 1835, violence erupted when the controversial abolitionist <a href="/wiki/George_Thompson_(abolitionist)" title="George Thompson (abolitionist)">George Thompson</a> spoke in public. William Lloyd Garrison wrote an article in <i>The Liberator</i> in the hopes of calming the rioting masses. Angelina had been steadily influenced by Garrison's work, and this article inspired her to write him a personal letter on the subject. The letter stated her concerns and opinions on the issues of abolitionism and mob violence, as well as her personal admiration for Garrison and his values. Garrison was so impressed with Grimké's letter, which he called "soul-thrilling,"<sup id="cite_ref-Todras_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Todras-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 55">: 55 </span></sup> that he published it in the next issue of <i>The Liberator,</i> praising her for her passion, expressive writing style, and noble ideas. The letter, reprinted in the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Evangelist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Evangelist (page does not exist)">New York Evangelist</a></i> and elsewhere,<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 114">: 114 </span></sup> gave Angelina great standing among many abolitionists, but its publication offended and stirred controversy within the Orthodox Quaker meeting, which openly condemned such radical activism, especially by a woman. Sarah Grimké asked her sister to withdraw the letter, concerned that such publicity would alienate her from the Quaker community. Though initially embarrassed by the letter's publication, Angelina refused. The letter was later reprinted in the <i>New York Evangelist</i> and other abolitionist papers; it was also included in a pamphlet with Garrison's <i>Appeal to the Citizens of Boston</i>. In 1836, Grimké wrote "An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South", urging Southern women to petition their state legislatures and church officials to end slavery. It was published by the <a href="/wiki/American_Anti-Slavery_Society" title="American Anti-Slavery Society">American Anti-Slavery Society</a>. Scholars consider it a high point of Grimké's sociopolitical agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fall of 1836, the Grimké sisters were invited to Ohio to attend the American Anti-Slavery Society's two-week training conference for anti-slavery agents; they were the only women in the group. There they met <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Weld" title="Theodore Dwight Weld">Theodore Dwight Weld</a>, a trainer and one of the Society's leading agents; Angelina and Theodore later married. During the following winter, the sisters were commissioned to speak at women's meetings and organize women's anti-slavery societies in the New York City region and nearby New Jersey. In May, 1837, they joined leading women abolitionists from Boston, New York, and Philadelphia in holding the first <a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavery_Convention_of_American_Women" title="Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women">Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women</a>, held to expand women's anti-slavery actions to other states. </p><p>Immediately after this convention, the sisters went by invitation of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society to <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> abolitionists were accused of distorting and exaggerating the realities of slavery, and the sisters were asked to speak throughout New England on their firsthand knowledge. Almost from the beginning, their meetings were open to men. Although defenders later claimed that the sisters addressed mixed audiences only because men insisted on coming, primary evidence indicates that their meetings were open to men by deliberate design, not only to carry their message to male as well as female hearers, but as a means of breaking women's fetters and establish "a new order of things."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, in addition to petitioning, women were transgressing social <a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">mores</a> by speaking in public. In response, a state convention of Massachusetts' Congregational ministers, meeting at the end of June, issued a pastoral letter condemning public work by women and urging local churches to close their doors to the Grimkés' presentations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As the sisters spoke throughout Massachusetts during the summer of 1837, the controversy over women abolitionists' public and political work fueled a growing controversy over women's rights and duties, both within and outside the anti-slavery movement. Angelina responded to Catharine Beecher's letter with open letters of her own, <i>Letters to Catharine Beecher,</i> printed first in <i>The New England Spectator</i> and <i>The Liberator</i>, and then in book form in 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-ia700401.us.archive.org_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ia700401.us.archive.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarah Grimké wrote <i>Letters on the Province of Woman, addressed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_S._Parker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary S. Parker (page does not exist)">Mary S. Parker</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which appeared first in the <i>Liberator</i> before being published in book form. Addressed to the president of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Female_Anti-Slavery_Society" title="Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society">Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society</a>, who in the wake of the pastoral letter wanted women abolitionists to withdraw from public work, Sarah's letters were a strong defense of women's right and duty to participate on equal terms with men in all such work. </p><p>In February 1838, Angelina addressed a committee of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts State Legislature">Massachusetts State Legislature</a>, becoming the first woman in the United States to address a legislative body. She not only spoke against slavery, but defended women's right to petition, both as a moral-religious duty and as a political right. Abolitionist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_F._Wallcut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert F. Wallcut (page does not exist)">Robert F. Wallcut</a> stated that "Angelina Grimké's serene, commanding eloquence enchained attention, disarmed prejudice and carried her hearers with her."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> On May 17, 1838, two days after her marriage,<sup id="cite_ref-Michals_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michals-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angelina spoke at a racially integrated abolitionist gathering at the new <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hall_(Philadelphia)" title="Pennsylvania Hall (Philadelphia)">Pennsylvania Hall</a> in Philadelphia. As she spoke, an unruly mob outside of the hall grew more and more aggressive, shouting threats at Angelina and the other attendees. Rather than stop her speech, Angelina incorporated their interruptions into her speech:</p><blockquote><p>Men, brethren and fathers -- mothers, daughters and sisters, what came ye out for to see? A reed shaken with the wind? Is it curiosity merely, or a deep sympathy with the perishing slave, that has brought this large audience together? [A yell from the mob without the building.] Those voices without ought to awaken and call out our warmest sympathies. Deluded beings! "they know not what they do." They know not that they are undermining their own rights and their own happiness, temporal and eternal. Do you ask, "what has the North to do with slavery?" Hear it -- hear it. Those voices without tell us that the spirit of slavery is <i>here</i>, and has been roused to wrath by our abolition speeches and conventions: for surely liberty would not foam and tear herself with rage, because her friends are multiplied daily, and meetings are held in quick succession to set forth her virtues and extend her peaceful kingdom. This opposition shows that slavery has done its deadliest work in the hearts of our citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Rioters outside the building began to throw bricks and stones, breaking the windows of the hall. Angelina continued the speech, and after her conclusion, the abolitionist women left the building arm-in-arm, a white woman with a Black woman, for the latter's protection. Within hours, Pennsylvania Hall was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">arson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angelina was the final speaker in the Hall. </p><p>Angelina's lectures were critical not only of Southern slaveholders but also of Northerners who tacitly complied with the status quo, by purchasing slave-made products and exploiting slaves through the commercial and economic exchanges they made with slave owners in the South. They were met with a considerable amount of opposition, both because Angelina was a female and because she was an abolitionist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_writings">Major writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Major writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two of Grimké's most notable works were her essay "An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South" and her series of letters to Catharine Beecher.<sup id="cite_ref-ia700401.us.archive.org_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ia700401.us.archive.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_Appeal_to_the_Christian_Women_of_the_South_(1836)"><span id="An_Appeal_to_the_Christian_Women_of_the_South_.281836.29"></span><i>An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South</i> (1836)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South (1836)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South</i>, published by the <a href="/wiki/American_Anti-Slavery_Society" title="American Anti-Slavery Society">American Anti-Slavery Society</a>, is unique because it is the only written appeal made by a Southern woman to other Southern women regarding the abolition of slavery, written in the hope that Southern women would not be able to resist an appeal made by one of their own. The style of the essay is very personal in nature and uses simple language and firm assertions to convey her ideas. Angelina's <i>Appeal</i> was widely distributed by the American Anti-Slavery Society, and was received with great acclaim by radical abolitionists. However, it was also received with great criticism by her former Quaker community and was publicly burned in South Carolina.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>The Appeal</i> makes seven main arguments: </p> <ul><li>First: that slavery is contrary to the Declaration of Independence;</li> <li>Second: that slavery is contrary to the first charter of human rights bestowed upon man in the Bible;</li> <li>Third: that the argument that slavery was prophesied, gives no excuse to slaveholders for encroaching on another man's natural rights;</li> <li>Fourth: that slavery was never supposed to exist under patriarchal dispensation;</li> <li>Fifth: that slavery never existed under Hebrew Biblical law;</li> <li>Sixth: that slavery in America "reduces man to a thing";</li> <li>Seventh, that slavery is contrary to the teachings of Jesus Christ and his apostles.</li></ul> <p>In this way, and as a devout believer, Angelina uses the beliefs of the Christian religion to attack the idea of slavery: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Did not Jesus condemn slavery? Let us examine some of his precepts. "<i>Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them</i>", Let every slaveholder apply these queries to his own heart; Am I willing to be a slave—Am I willing to see my wife the slave of another—Am I willing to see my mother a slave, or my father, my sister or my brother? If not, then in holding others as slaves, I am doing what I would not wish to be done to me or any relative I have; and thus have I broken this golden rule which was given me to walk by.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South" (1836)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>After walking through the seven-step theological argument against slavery, Angelina states the reasons for directing her plea toward Southern women in particular. She acknowledges a foreseeable objection: that even if a Southern woman agrees that slavery is sinful, she has no legislative power to enact change. To this, Grimké responds that a woman has four duties on the issue: to read, to pray, to speak, and to act. While women do not have the political power to enact change on their own, she points out that these women are "the wives and mothers, the sisters and daughters of those who do." Her vision, however, was not so simple as what would later be called "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republican_Motherhood.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republican Motherhood. (page does not exist)">Republican Motherhood.</a>" She also exhorts women to speak and act on their moral opposition to slavery and to endure whatever persecution might result as a consequence. She dismisses the notion that women are too weak to withstand such consequences. Thus, she proposes the notion of women as empowered political actors on the slavery issue, without even touching on the question of suffrage. </p><p>Angelina also states, in a reply letter to Catharine E. Beecher, what she believes to be the abolitionist's definition of slavery: "Man cannot rightfully hold his fellow man as property. Therefore, we affirm that every slaveholder is a man-stealer; To steal a man is to rob him of himself." She reiterates well-known principles from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> regarding the equality of man. Grimké argues that "a man is a man, and as a man he has inalienable rights, among which is the right to personal liberty ... No circumstances can ever justify a man in holding his fellow man as property ... The claim to him as property is an annihilation of his rights to himself, which is the foundation upon which all his other rights are built."<sup id="cite_ref-Angelina_Grimké_1836_572-577_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angelina_Grimké_1836_572-577-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The essay also reflects Angelina's lifelong enthusiasm for the universal education of women and slaves. Her <i>Appeal</i> emphasizes the importance of women's educating their slaves or future laborers: "Should [your slaves] remain [in your employ] teach them, and have them taught the common branches of an English education; they have minds and those minds, ought to be improved."<sup id="cite_ref-Angelina_Grimké_1836_572-577_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angelina_Grimké_1836_572-577-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letters_to_Catharine_Beecher"><i>Letters to Catharine Beecher</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Letters to Catharine Beecher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angelina's <i>Letters to Catharine Beecher</i> began as a series of essays made in response to Beecher's <i>An Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism with Reference to the Duty of American Females,</i> which was addressed directly to Grimké. The series of responses that followed Beecher's essay were written with the moral support of her future husband, Weld, and were published in both <i>The Emancipator</i> and <i>The Liberator</i> before being reprinted as a whole in book form by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Knapp" title="Isaac Knapp">Isaac Knapp</a>, the <i>Liberator'</i>s printer, in 1838. </p><p>Beecher's essay argues against the participation of women in the abolitionist movement on the grounds that women hold a subordinate position to men as "a beneficent and immutable Divine law". It argues, "Men are the proper persons to make appeals to the rulers whom they appoint ... [females] are surely out of their place in attempting to do it themselves." Grimké's responses were a defense of both abolitionist and feminist movements. The arguments made in support of abolitionism reflect many of the points that Weld made in the <a href="/wiki/Lane_Seminary" title="Lane Seminary">Lane Seminary</a> debates. Openly critical of the <a href="/wiki/American_Colonization_Society" title="American Colonization Society">American Colonization Society</a>, Grimké states her personal appreciation for people of color and writes, "[I]t is because I love the colored Americans that I want them to stay in this country; and in order to make it a happy home to them, I am trying to talk down, and write down, and live down this horrible prejudice."<sup id="cite_ref-Angelina_Grimké_1837_510-514_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angelina_Grimké_1837_510-514-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Angelina's <i>Letters</i> are recognized widely as an early feminist argument, although only two of the letters address feminism and woman's suffrage. <i>Letter XII</i> reflects some of the rhetorical style of the Declaration of Independence and is indicative of Grimké's religious values. She argues that all humans are moral beings and should be judged as such, regardless of their sex: "Measure her rights and duties by the unerring standard of moral being ... and then the truth will be self-evident, that whatever it is morally right for a man to do, it is morally right for a woman to do. I recognize no rights but human rights—I know nothing of men's rights and women's rights; for in Christ Jesus, there is neither male nor female. It is my solemn conviction, that, until this principle of equality is recognized and embodied in practice, the Church can do nothing effectual for the permanent reformation of the world."<sup id="cite_ref-Angelina_Grimké_1837_510-514_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angelina_Grimké_1837_510-514-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grimké directly responds to Beecher's traditionalist argument on the place of women in all spheres of human activity: "I believe it is the woman's right to have a voice in all the laws and regulations by which she is to be governed, whether in Church or State: and that the present arrangements of society, on these points, are a violation of human rights, a rank usurpation of power, a violent seizure and confiscation of what is sacredly and inalienably hers."<sup id="cite_ref-Angelina_Grimké_1837_510-514_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angelina_Grimké_1837_510-514-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Slavery_as_It_Is"><i>American Slavery as It Is</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: American Slavery as It Is"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1839 she, her husband Theodore Dwight Weld and her sister Sarah published <i><a href="/wiki/American_Slavery_as_It_Is" class="mw-redirect" title="American Slavery as It Is">American Slavery as It Is</a></i>, an encyclopedia of slave mistreatment, which became the second most important work of abolitionist literature after <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i> (1852), of <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a>, who recorded her indebtedness to <i>American Slavery as It Is</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Theodore_Weld_and_Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Wedding of Theodore Weld and Angelina Grimké">Wedding of Theodore Weld and Angelina Grimké</a></div> <p>In 1831, Grimké was courted by Edward Bettle, the son of Samuel Bettle and Jane Temple Bettle, a family of prominent Orthodox Friends. Diaries show that Bettle intended to marry Grimké, though he never actually proposed. Sarah supported the match. However, in the summer of 1832, a large cholera epidemic broke out in Philadelphia. Grimké agreed to take in Bettle's cousin Elizabeth Walton, who, unbeknownst to anyone at the time, was dying of the disease. Bettle, who regularly visited his cousin, contracted the disease and died from it shortly thereafter. Grimké was heartbroken and directed all of her energy into her activism. </p><p>Grimké first met <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Weld" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Weld">Theodore Weld</a> in October 1836, at an abolitionist training meeting in Ohio that Weld was leading, She was greatly impressed with Weld's speeches and wrote in a letter to a friend that he was "a man raised up by God and wonderfully qualified to plead the cause of the oppressed." In the two years before they married, Weld encouraged Grimké's activism, arranging for many of her lectures and the publication of her writings. They confessed their love for each other in letters in February 1838. Grimké wrote to Weld stating she didn't know why he did not like her. He replied "you are full of pride and anger" and then in letters twice the size of the rest he wrote: "And I have loved you since the first time I met you." On May 14, 1838, two days before <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hall_(Philadelphia)#Wednesday,_May_16" title="Pennsylvania Hall (Philadelphia)">her speech at Pennsylvania Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_abolitionist_Weld%E2%80%93Grimk%C3%A9_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="The abolitionist Weld–Grimké wedding">they were married in Philadelphia</a>, writing—actually improvising—their vows, with a black minister and a white minister leading the guests in prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Weld was said to have been supportive of Angelina's desire to remain politically active after their marriage, she eventually retreated to a life of domesticity due to failing health. Sarah lived with the couple in New Jersey, and the sisters continued to correspond and visit with their friends in the abolitionist and emerging women's rights movements. They operated a school in their home, and later a boarding school at <a href="/wiki/Raritan_Bay_Union" title="Raritan Bay Union">Raritan Bay Union</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">utopian community</a>. At the school, they taught the children of other noted abolitionists, including <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a>. In the years after the Civil War, they raised funds to pay for the graduate education of their two mixed-race nephews, the sons of their brother Henry W. Grimké (1801–1852) and an enslaved woman he owned. The sisters paid for <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Archibald Grimké">Archibald Henry Grimké</a> and Rev. <a href="/wiki/Francis_James_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Francis James Grimké">Francis James Grimké</a> to attend <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Princeton Theological Seminary">Princeton Theological Seminary</a>, respectively. Archibald became a lawyer and later an ambassador to Haiti and Francis became a Presbyterian minister. Both became leading civil rights activists. Archibald's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Weld_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Weld Grimké">Angelina Weld Grimké</a>, became a poet and author. </p><p>Sarah Grimké died in 1873. The following year, Angelina suffered a paralyzing stroke, which afflicted her until her death. Her grave is unmarked, apparently at her own request.<sup id="cite_ref-Todras_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Todras-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 147">: 147 </span></sup> In 1880, Weld published an <i>In memory</i> volume, containing the remarks from her funeral and Sarah's, and others that had been contributed.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archival_material">Archival material</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Archival material"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The papers of the Grimké family are in the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Historical_Society" title="South Carolina Historical Society">South Carolina Historical Society</a>, Charleston, South Carolina. The Weld–Grimké papers are at the <a href="/wiki/William_L._Clements_Library" title="William L. Clements Library">William L. Clements Library</a>, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1880, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Weld" title="Theodore Dwight Weld">Theodore Weld</a> published a volume titled <i>In Memory: Angelina Grimké Weld</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first volume of <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Woman_Suffrage" title="History of Woman Suffrage">History of Woman Suffrage</a></i>, published in 1881, is inscribed to the memory of the Grimké sisters, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Grimké sisters and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Weld" title="Theodore Dwight Weld">Theodore Dwight Weld</a> are featured prominently in the juvenile fiction book <i>The Forge and the Forest</i> (1975) by Betty Underwood.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Angelina Grimké is memorialized in <a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a>'s 1979 artwork <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dinner_Party" title="The Dinner Party">The Dinner Party</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-brooklyn_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brooklyn-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, the Grimké sisters were inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Grimké sisters appear as main characters in <a href="/wiki/Ain_Gordon" title="Ain Gordon">Ain Gordon</a>'s 2013 play <i>If She Stood</i>, commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Painted_Bride_Art_Center" title="Painted Bride Art Center">Painted Bride Art Center</a> in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016 Angelina Grimké was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Abolition_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="National Abolition Hall of Fame">National Abolition Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"The Grimké Sisters at Work on <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Weld" title="Theodore Dwight Weld">Theodore Dwight Weld</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/American_Slavery_As_It_Is" title="American Slavery As It Is">American Slavery As It Is</a></i> (1838)" is a poem by Melissa Range, published in the September 30, 2019, issue of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>. </p><p>In November 2019, a newly reconstructed bridge over the Neponset River in Hyde Park was renamed for the Grimké sisters. It is now known as the Grimké Sisters Bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Grimké sisters are remembered on the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Women%27s_Heritage_Trail" title="Boston Women's Heritage Trail">Boston Women's Heritage Trail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, a play recounting her speech was performed in the space where Angelina spoke to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">Massachusetts Senate</a> chamber; <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/suffrage-in-black-and-white.htm">A Light Under the Dome</a></i> was written by Patrick Gabridge and directed by Courtney O'Connor, and starring Amanda Collins as Angelina.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimk%C3%A9_sisters" title="Grimké sisters">Grimké sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Todras-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Todras_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Todras_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Todras_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Todras_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTodras1999" class="citation book cs1">Todras, Ellen H. (1999). <i>Angelina Grimké, Voice of Abolition</i>. North Haven, Connecticut: Linnet Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0208024859" title="Special:BookSources/0208024859"><bdi>0208024859</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Angelina+Grimk%C3%A9%2C+Voice+of+Abolition&rft.place=North+Haven%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Linnet+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0208024859&rft.aulast=Todras&rft.aufirst=Ellen+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lerner1963-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lerner1963_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lerner1963_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lerner1963_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerda Lerner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716330">"The Grimke Sisters and the Struggle Against Race Prejudice"</a>, <i>The Journal of Negro History</i>, Vol. 48, No. 4 (October 1963), pp. 277–91. Retrieved September 21, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michals-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Michals_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michals_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michals_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichals2015" class="citation web cs1">Michals, Debra (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/angelina-grimke-weld">"Angelina Grimké Weld"</a>. <i>National Women's History Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Women%27s+History+Museum&rft.atitle=Angelina+Grimk%C3%A9+Weld&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Michals&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenshistory.org%2Feducation-resources%2Fbiographies%2Fangelina-grimke-weld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lerner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lerner_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLerner1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerda_Lerner" title="Gerda Lerner">Lerner, Gerda</a> (1967). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grimkesistersfro0000lern"><i>The Grimké Sisters From South Carolina</i></a></span>. New York: Schocken Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8052-0321-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8052-0321-9"><bdi>978-0-8052-0321-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grimk%C3%A9+Sisters+From+South+Carolina&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Schocken+Books&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-8052-0321-9&rft.aulast=Lerner&rft.aufirst=Gerda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgrimkesistersfro0000lern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLerner2004" class="citation book cs1">Lerner, Gerda (2004). <i>The Grimké Sisters from South Carolina: Pioneers for Women's Rights and Abolition</i>. University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0807855669" title="Special:BookSources/978-0807855669"><bdi>978-0807855669</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grimk%C3%A9+Sisters+from+South+Carolina%3A+Pioneers+for+Women%27s+Rights+and+Abolition&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0807855669&rft.aulast=Lerner&rft.aufirst=Gerda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perry-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Perry_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Perry_(author)" title="Mark Perry (author)">Perry, Mark</a> (2001). <i>Lift Up Thy Voice. The Sarah and Angelica Grimké Family's Journey from Slaveholders to Civil Rights leaders</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0142001031" title="Special:BookSources/0142001031"><bdi>0142001031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lift+Up+Thy+Voice.+The+Sarah+and+Angelica+Grimk%C3%A9+Family%27s+Journey+from+Slaveholders+to+Civil+Rights+leaders&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0142001031&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Grimke-sisters">"Grimké sisters American abolitionists"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Grimk%C3%A9+sisters+American+abolitionists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FGrimke-sisters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Million, Joelle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ydeGAAAAMAAJ"><i>Woman's Voice, Woman's Place: Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Women's Rights Movement</i></a>, Praeger, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97877-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97877-X">0-275-97877-X</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ia700401.us.archive.org-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ia700401.us.archive.org_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ia700401.us.archive.org_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimké1836" class="citation web cs1">Grimké, Angelina Emily (May 7, 1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/appealtochristian00grim">"The Anti-Slavery Examiner : Appeal to the Christian women of the South"</a>. New York : American Anti-slavery Society – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Anti-Slavery+Examiner+%3A+Appeal+to+the+Christian+women+of+the+South&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+American+Anti-slavery+Society&rft.date=1836-05-07&rft.aulast=Grimk%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Angelina+Emily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fappealtochristian00grim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grimké, Sarah Moore (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lettersonequali00grimgoog"><i>Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman: Addressed to Mary S. Parker</i></a>. Archive.org. Retrieved 2015-04-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatharine_Henry1997" class="citation journal cs1">Katharine Henry (1997). "Angelina Grimké's Rhetoric of Exposure". <i>American Quarterly</i>. <b>49</b> (2): 328–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Faq.1997.0015">10.1353/aq.1997.0015</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143719673">143719673</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Angelina+Grimk%C3%A9%27s+Rhetoric+of+Exposure&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=328-55&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Faq.1997.0015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143719673%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Katharine+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2939t.html">"Angelina Grimké Weld's speech"</a>. <i>www.pbs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pbs.org&rft.atitle=Angelina+Grimk%C3%A9+Weld%27s+speech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Faia%2Fpart4%2F4h2939t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarol.2010" class="citation book cs1">Carol., Berkin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilwarwivesliv00caro"><i>Civil War Wives: the lives and times of Angelina Grimké Weld, Varina Howell Davis, and Julia Dent Grant</i></a> (1st Vintage Civil War Library ed.). New York: Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400095780" title="Special:BookSources/9781400095780"><bdi>9781400095780</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/503042151">503042151</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+Wives%3A+the+lives+and+times+of+Angelina+Grimk%C3%A9+Weld%2C+Varina+Howell+Davis%2C+and+Julia+Dent+Grant&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st+Vintage+Civil+War+Library&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F503042151&rft.isbn=9781400095780&rft.aulast=Carol.&rft.aufirst=Berkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcivilwarwivesliv00caro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grimké, Angelina (1836), p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/abesaegat.html">Reprint</a> at utc.iath.virginia.edu. Retrieved April 11, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angelina_Grimké_1836_572-577-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Angelina_Grimké_1836_572-577_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angelina_Grimké_1836_572-577_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimké,_Angelina1836" class="citation journal cs1">Grimké, Angelina (1836). "<i>An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South</i>". <i>American Political Thought</i>: 572–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-92886-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-92886-0"><bdi>978-0-393-92886-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Thought&rft.atitle=An+Appeal+to+the+Christian+Women+of+the+South&rft.pages=572-77&rft.date=1836&rft.isbn=978-0-393-92886-0&rft.au=Grimk%C3%A9%2C+Angelina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angelina_Grimké_1837_510-514-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Angelina_Grimké_1837_510-514_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angelina_Grimké_1837_510-514_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angelina_Grimké_1837_510-514_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimké,_Angelina1837" class="citation journal cs1">Grimké, Angelina (1837). "Letter to Catharine Beecher". <i>American Political Thought</i>: 510–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-92886-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-92886-0"><bdi>978-0-393-92886-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Thought&rft.atitle=Letter+to+Catharine+Beecher&rft.pages=510-14&rft.date=1837&rft.isbn=978-0-393-92886-0&rft.au=Grimk%C3%A9%2C+Angelina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (April 2015)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rapley, Rob (writer), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/transcript/abolitionists-transcript/">"The Abolitionists" part 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301152147/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/transcript/abolitionists-transcript/">Archived</a> March 1, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Experience">The American Experience</a></i> (TV series, season 24, episode 9), PBS (January 8, 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeld1885" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Weld" title="Theodore Dwight Weld">Weld, Theodore Dwight</a> (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inmemoryangelin00weldgoog/page/n1/mode/2up"><i>In Memory: Angelina Grimké Weld</i></a>. Boston.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory%3A+Angelina+Grimk%C3%A9+Weld&rft.place=Boston&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Weld&rft.aufirst=Theodore+Dwight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finmemoryangelin00weldgoog%2Fpage%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/28020/pg28020-images.html">"History of Woman Suffrage, Volume I"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></i>. <q>These volumes are affectionately inscribed to the memory of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Frances Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Martineau" title="Harriet Martineau">Harriet Martineau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angelina Grimké</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Sophia_White_Griffing" title="Josephine Sophia White Griffing">Josephine S. Griffing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha C. Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harriot_Kezia_Hunt" title="Harriot Kezia Hunt">Harriot K. Hunt</a>, M.D., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_W._Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariana W. Johnson (page does not exist)">Mariana W. Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Cary" title="Alice Cary">Alice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Cary" title="Phoebe Cary">Phebe Carey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Preston" title="Ann Preston">Ann Preston</a>, M.D., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lydia_Mott_(activist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lydia Mott (activist) (page does not exist)">Lydia Mott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Farnham" title="Eliza Farnham">Eliza W. Farnham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Folger_Fowler" title="Lydia Folger Fowler">Lydia F. Fowler</a>, M.D., <a href="/wiki/Paulina_Wright_Davis" title="Paulina Wright Davis">Paulina Wright Davis</a>, whose earnest lives and fearless words, in demanding political rights for women, have been, in the preparation of these pages, a constant inspiration to the editors</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Gutenberg&rft.atitle=History+of+Woman+Suffrage%2C+Volume+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fcache%2Fepub%2F28020%2Fpg28020-images.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnderwood1975" class="citation book cs1">Underwood, Betty (1975). <i>The Forge and the Forest</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0395204924" title="Special:BookSources/978-0395204924"><bdi>978-0395204924</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forge+and+the+Forest&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0395204924&rft.aulast=Underwood&rft.aufirst=Betty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brooklyn-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brooklyn_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/angelina_grimke.php">"Angelina Grimke"</a>. <i>Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art: The Dinner Party: Heritage Floor</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elizabeth+A.+Sackler+Center+for+Feminist+Art%3A+The+Dinner+Party%3A+Heritage+Floor&rft.atitle=Angelina+Grimke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynmuseum.org%2Feascfa%2Fdinner_party%2Fheritage_floor%2Fangelina_grimke.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150412052418/http://www.greatwomen.org/inductee/angelina-grimk-weld/">"Angelina Grimké Weld"</a>. National Women's Hall of Fame (greatwomen.org). Retrieved April 11, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/sarah-grimk/">"Grimké, Sarah | Women of the Hall"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grimk%C3%A9%2C+Sarah+%26%23124%3B+Women+of+the+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenofthehall.org%2Finductee%2Fsarah-grimk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salisbury, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301095840/http://articles.philly.com/2013-04-26/news/38819759_1_early-women-mob-timbuktu">"Painted Bride productions on 19th century women touch familiar issues"</a>, <i>Philadelphia Inquirer</i> (April 26, 2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalabolitionhalloffameandmuseum.org/inductees1.html">"Inductees"</a>. <i>NATIONAL ABOLITION HALL OF FAME AND MUSEUM</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NATIONAL+ABOLITION+HALL+OF+FAME+AND+MUSEUM&rft.atitle=Inductees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalabolitionhalloffameandmuseum.org%2Finductees1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.gov/news/city-bridge-named-honor-grimke-sisters">"City bridge named in honor of the Grimké sisters"</a>. November 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+bridge+named+in+honor+of+the+Grimk%C3%A9+sisters&rft.date=2019-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.gov%2Fnews%2Fcity-bridge-named-honor-grimke-sisters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bwht.org/downtown/#5">"Downtown"</a>. <i>Boston Women's Heritage Trail</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Women%27s+Heritage+Trail&rft.atitle=Downtown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbwht.org%2Fdowntown%2F%235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2024" class="citation web cs1">Cole, Courtney (August 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/massachusetts-state-house-a-light-under-the-dome/?intcid=CNM-00-10abd1h">"Massachusetts State House the unlikely stage for new play by Boston theater company - CBS Boston"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Massachusetts+State+House+the+unlikely+stage+for+new+play+by+Boston+theater+company+-+CBS+Boston&rft.date=2024-08-09&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fboston%2Fnews%2Fmassachusetts-state-house-a-light-under-the-dome%2F%3Fintcid%3DCNM-00-10abd1h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>In Memory. Angelina Grimké Weld</i> (1880)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Emancipation of Angelina Grimke</i> (1974)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Arguing About Slavery</i> (1995)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeplair1989" class="citation book cs1">Ceplair, Larry (1989). <i>The Public Years of Sarah and Angelina Grimké. Selected Writings 1835–1839</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/023106800X" title="Special:BookSources/023106800X"><bdi>023106800X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Public+Years+of+Sarah+and+Angelina+Grimk%C3%A9.+Selected+Writings+1835%E2%80%931839&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=023106800X&rft.aulast=Ceplair&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2004" class="citation journal cs1">Nelson, Robert K. (Spring 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_social_history/v037/37.3nelson.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Forgetfulness of Sex': Devotion and Desire in the Courtship Letters of Angelina Grimké and Theodore Dwight Weld"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Social_History" title="Journal of Social History">Journal of Social History</a></i>. <b>37</b> (3): 663–679. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjsh.2004.0018">10.1353/jsh.2004.0018</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144261184">144261184</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Project_MUSE" class="mw-redirect" title="Project MUSE">Project MUSE</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social+History&rft.atitle=%27The+Forgetfulness+of+Sex%27%3A+Devotion+and+Desire+in+the+Courtship+Letters+of+Angelina+Grimk%C3%A9+and+Theodore+Dwight+Weld&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=663-679&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjsh.2004.0018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144261184%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fjournals%2Fjournal_of_social_history%2Fv037%2F37.3nelson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of a <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article about <span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Grimk%C3%A9,_Sarah_Moore_and_Angelina_Emily" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Grimké, Sarah Moore and Angelina Emily">Angelina Grimké</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/3200">Works by Angelina Grimké</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Grimké%2C%20Angelina%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Angelina%20Grimké%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Grimké%2C%20Angelina%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Angelina%20Grimké%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Grimké%2C%20A%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Angelina%20Grimké%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Grimké%2C%20Angelina%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Angelina%20Grimké%22%20OR%20%28Angelina+Grimk%2A%29%29%20OR%20%28%221805-1879%22%20AND%20%28%22Grimké%22%20OR%20Grimke%29%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Angelina Grimké</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/15634">Works by Angelina Grimké</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/search?action=search&query=content:%22angelina%20grimke%22:and&limit=subscription:y&min=1&max=30">Materials on Angelina Grimké at Project MUSE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberspacei.com/jesusi/peace/abolitionism/grimke.htm">An article from Cyberspacei.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031008213502/http://www.bartleby.com/65/gr/Grimke-An.html">An entry from the Columbia Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcYivpmTYBM">The Abolitionists – The Abolitionists, Part One, Chapter 1</a> (about Angelina Grimké). <a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a>, <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67Swj2usumY">Preview</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SCbkCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT47">Angelina Grimke Weld:</a> Address at <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hall_(Philadelphia)" title="Pennsylvania Hall (Philadelphia)">Pennsylvania Hall</a>, 1838; in <a href="/wiki/Google_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Google books">google books</a>, Chapter 3 (no pagination)</li> <li>Michals, Debra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/angelina-grimke-weld">"Angelina Grimke Weld"</a>. National Women's History Museum, 2015.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2849426#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2849426#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2849426#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081408446">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61639729">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/10567/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpYtGFBxCGKTFJGkxtkDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118907581">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50031655">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb105005968">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb105005968">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35152002">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2015894386&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070518734">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007426838305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14249276">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15672771?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/843463">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118907581">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033481121">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64g2hxz">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6251n3r">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF[Weld1880" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Weld" title="Theodore Dwight Weld">[Weld, Theodore Dwight]</a> (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inmemoryangelin00weldgoog/page/n9"><i>In Memory. Angelina Grimké Weld [In Memory of Sarah Moore Grimké]</i></a>. Boston: "Printed Only for Private Circulation" [Theodore Dwight Weld].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Memory.+Angelina+Grimk%C3%A9+Weld+%5BIn+Memory+of+Sarah+Moore+Grimk%C3%A9%5D&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=%22Printed+Only+for+Private+Circulation%22+%5BTheodore+Dwight+Weld%5D&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=%5BWeld&rft.aufirst=Theodore+Dwight%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finmemoryangelin00weldgoog%2Fpage%2Fn9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumpkin1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_DuPre_Lumpkin" title="Katharine DuPre Lumpkin">Lumpkin, Katharine DuPre</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/74008914"><i>The Emancipation of Angelina Grimke</i></a>. University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807812327" title="Special:BookSources/9780807812327"><bdi>9780807812327</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/74008914">74008914</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emancipation+of+Angelina+Grimke&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F74008914&rft.isbn=9780807812327&rft.aulast=Lumpkin&rft.aufirst=Katharine+DuPre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flccn.loc.gov%2F74008914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1995" class="citation book cs1">Miller, William Lee (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arguingaboutslav00mill"><i>Arguing About Slavery. John Quincy Adams and the Great Battle in the United States Congress</i></a>. New York: Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-56922-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-56922-2"><bdi>978-0-394-56922-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arguing+About+Slavery.+John+Quincy+Adams+and+the+Great+Battle+in+the+United+States+Congress&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-394-56922-2&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=William+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farguingaboutslav00mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelina+Grimk%C3%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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