The Socio Demographic Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Youth Undergoing Domestic Violence in Kenya

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>The Socio Demographic Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Youth Undergoing Domestic Violence in Kenya</title> <meta name="description" content="The Socio Demographic Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Youth Undergoing Domestic Violence in Kenya"> <meta name="keywords" content="Age, education level, gender, post-traumatic stress disorder."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Socio Demographic Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Youth Undergoing Domestic Violence in Kenya"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Muchiri Josephine"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Qdero Agnes"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/06/06"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="18"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="6"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="146"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="149"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/pdf"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value=""> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 33093</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mt-3 mb-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem">The Socio Demographic Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Youth Undergoing Domestic Violence in Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muchiri%20Josephine">Muchiri Josephine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qdero%20Agnes"> Qdero Agnes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The current study was conducted during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) period, soon after the lifting of the lockdown measures and schools had just re-opened. It investigated the sociodemographic correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among adolescents (13-18 years) who had undergone domestic violence (DV) in Kajiado County, Kenya. The adolescents were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire to ascertain the forms of DV experienced, and those who met the criteria were assessed for the presence of PTSD using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). Overall, 93 (90.3%) had experienced DV, and 57 (61.3%) had PTSD; where the severity and prevalence of PTSD increased with increased age, and it also increased significantly among those in higher academic levels, indicating that PTSD prevalence was chronic and additionally influenced by increased academic pressure. Social connections seemed to mitigate PTSD prevalence, whereas, regarding the family background, those living with guardians seemed to have more severe PTSD. </p> <iframe src="https://publications.waset.org/10013673.pdf" style="width:100%; height:400px;" frameborder="0"></iframe> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Age" title="Age">Age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=education%20level" title=" education level"> education level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=post-traumatic%20stress%20disorder." title=" post-traumatic stress disorder."> post-traumatic stress disorder.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/the-socio-demographic-correlates-of-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-among-youth-undergoing-domestic-violence-in-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> <p class="card-text"><strong>References:</strong></p> <br>[1] World Health Organization. (2020). Child Abuse. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-abuse. <br>[2] Dillon, G., Hussain, R., Loxton, D., & Rahman, S. (2016). Mental and physical health and intimate partner violence against women: A review of the literature. International Journal of Family Medicine, https://doi: 10.1155/2013/313909 <br>[3] Devries, K. M., Knight, L., Child, J. C., Kyegombe, N., Hossain, M., Lees, S., Naker, D. (2017). Witnessing intimate partner violence and child abuse in Ugandan children: A cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open, 7(2). https://Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013583 <br>[4] Jowf, A.G.I, Ahmed, Z.T, An, N., Reijnders, R.A, Ambrosino, E., Rutten, B.P., de Nijs, L., Eijssen,L.T. (2022). A Public Health Perspective of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. International Journal Environmental Research on Public Health,19(11):6474. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116474. <br>[5] PMID: 35682057; PMCID: PMC9180718. <br>[6] American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Arlington, VA. <br>[7] Dillon, G., Hussain, R., Loxton, D., & Rahman, S. (2016). Mental and physical health and intimate partner violence against women: A review of the literature. International Journal of Family Medicine, https://doi: 10.1155/2013/313909 <br>[8] Karakurt, G., Smith, D., & Whiting, J. (2014). Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Women's Mental Health. Journal of Family Violence, 29(7), 693–702. doi:10. 1007/s10896-014-9633-2 <br>[9] Trevillion, K., Oram, S., Feder, G., & Howard, L. M. (2012). Experiences of domestic violence and mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 7(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051740 <br>[10] Tsavoussis, A., Stawicki, S. P., Stoicea, N., & Papadimos, T. J. (2014). Child-witnessed domestic violence and its adverse effects on brain development: A call for societal self-examination and awareness. Frontiers in Public Health, 2. https://10.3389/fpubh.2014.00178 <br>[11] Brown, J., Burnette, M. L., & Cerulli, C. (2014). Correlations between sexual abuse histories, perceived danger, and PTSD among intimate partner violence victims. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(15), 2709-2725. <br>[12] Wagman, J. A., Namatovu, F., Nalugoda, F., Kiwanuka, D., Nakigozi, G., Gray, R., & Serwadda, D. (2013). A public health approach to intimate partner violence prevention in Uganda: The share project. Violence Against Women, 18(12), 1390-1412. <br>[13] Bonnie, R. J., Backes, E. P., Alegria, M., Diaz, A., & Brindis, C. D. (2019). Fulfilling the promise of adolescence: realizing opportunity for all youth. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 65(4), 440–442. <br>[14] Karlsberg, S. H., & Elklit, S. H. (2014). Victimization and PTSD in a rural Kenyan youth sample. Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 8, 91-101. doi: 10.2174/1745017901208010091 <br>[15] Behere, A.P., Basnet, P., Campbell, P. (2017). Effects of Family Structure on Mental Health of Children: A Preliminary Study. Indian J Psychol Med. 39(4), 457-463. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.211767. PMID: 28852240; PMCID: PMC5559994. <br>[16] Kabiru, C. W., Elung’ata, P., Mojola, S. A., & Beguy, D. (2014). Adverse life events and delinquent behavior among Kenyan adolescents: A cross-sectional study on the protective role of parental monitoring, religiosity, and self-esteem. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 8(1), 1-11. <br>[17] Jokinen, T., Alexander, E.C., Manikam, L. et al. (2021). A Systematic Review of Household and Family Alcohol Use and Adolescent Behavioural Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 52, 554–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01038-w <br>[18] Xiong T, Milios A, McGrath PJ, Kaltenbach E. (2022). The influence of social support on posttraumatic stress symptoms among children and adolescents: a scoping review and meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol.,13(1):2011601. doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.2011601. PMID: 35340789; PMCID: PMC8942489. <br>[19] Affrunti, N.W., Suárez, L., Simpson, D. (2018). Community violence and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in urban youth: The moderating influence of friend and parent support. J Community Psychol. J;46(5):636-650. doi: 10.1002/jcop.21963. Epub 2018 Feb 27. PMID: 31682288. <br>[20] Quinlan-Davidson, M, Kiss L, Devakumar D, Cortina-Borja M, Eisner M, Tourinho Peres MF. (2021). The role of social support in reducing the impact of violence on adolescents' mental health in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One. 6,16(10):e0258036. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258036. PMID: 34613984; PMCID: PMC8494303. <br>[21] Steare, T. Monoz, G.C. & Lewis, G.(2023). The association between academic pressure and adolescent mental health problems: A systematic review CC-BY 4.0 International license. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.24.23284938doi: medRx. </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

The Socio Demographic Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Youth Undergoing Domestic Violence in Kenya