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Ten Tigers of Canton - Wikipedia

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</li> <li id="toc-So_Chan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#So_Chan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>So Chan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-So_Chan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leung_Kwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leung_Kwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Leung Kwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leung_Kwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chan_Cheung-tai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chan_Cheung-tai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Chan Cheung-tai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chan_Cheung-tai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tam_Chai-kwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tam_Chai-kwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Tam Chai-kwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tam_Chai-kwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chau_Tai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chau_Tai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Chau Tai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chau_Tai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ده ببر کانتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ده ببر کانتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%AD%ED%98%B8" title="광동십호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광동십호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tien_tijgers_van_Guangdong" title="Tien tijgers van Guangdong – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tien tijgers van Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%86%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="สิบพยัคฆ์กวางตุ้ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สิบพยัคฆ์กวางตุ้ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton%27un_On_Kaplan%C4%B1" title="Kanton&#039;un On Kaplanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanton&#039;un On Kaplanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Ten Tigers of Canton</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional&#160;Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">廣東十虎</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified&#160;Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">广东十虎</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Guǎngdōng Shí Hǔ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kuang-tung Shih Hu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Gwǎngdōng Shŕ Hǔ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[kwa&#768;ŋtʊ&#769;ŋ&#160;ʂɻ̩&#780;&#160;xu&#768;]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Gwóngdūng Sahp Fú</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Gwong<sup>2</sup>dung<sup>1</sup> Sap<sup>6</sup> Fu<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">&#91;kʷɔ̌ːŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>tʊːŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>sɐ̀p<span class="wrap"> </span>fǔː&#93;</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">Chinese martial arts (Wushu)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shi_DeRu_and_Shi_DeYang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Shi_DeRu_and_Shi_DeYang.jpg/230px-Shi_DeRu_and_Shi_DeYang.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Shi_DeRu_and_Shi_DeYang.jpg/345px-Shi_DeRu_and_Shi_DeYang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Shi_DeRu_and_Shi_DeYang.jpg/460px-Shi_DeRu_and_Shi_DeYang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2154" data-file-height="1476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="font-size:115%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Styles_of_Chinese_martial_arts" title="Styles of Chinese martial arts">Styles of Chinese martial arts</a><hr /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_martial_arts" title="List of Chinese martial arts">List of Chinese martial arts</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F2F5A9; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">Terms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Na" title="Chin Na">Chin Na</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fa_jin" title="Fa jin">Fa jin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_(term)" title="Kung fu (term)">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neigong" title="Neigong">Neigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijia" title="Neijia">Neijia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Qi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qigong" title="Qigong">Qigong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifu" title="Shifu">Shifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">Yin and yang</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F2F5A9; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">Historical locations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunlun_Mountains" title="Kunlun Mountains">Kunlun Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Emei" title="Mount Emei">Mount Emei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hua" title="Mount Hua">Mount Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudang_Mountains" title="Wudang Mountains">Wudang Mountains</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F2F5A9; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">Legendary figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Sanfeng" title="Zhang Sanfeng">Zhang Sanfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fong_Sai-yuk" title="Fong Sai-yuk">Fong Sai-yuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yim_Wing-chun" title="Yim Wing-chun">Yim Wing-chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Ching-Yuen" title="Li Ching-Yuen">Li Ching-Yuen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Immortals" title="Eight Immortals">Eight Immortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Elders" title="Five Elders">Five Elders</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F2F5A9; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">Historical individuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizu of Song">Emperor Taizu of Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiguan" title="Hong Xiguan">Hong Xiguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Haichuan" title="Dong Haichuan">Dong Haichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Luchan" title="Yang Luchan">Yang Luchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Heung" title="Chan Heung">Chan Heung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Quanyou" title="Wu Quanyou">Wu Quanyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong_Fei-hung" title="Wong Fei-hung">Wong Fei-hung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Lutang" title="Sun Lutang">Sun Lutang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shuwen" title="Li Shuwen">Li Shuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_Yuanjia" title="Huo Yuanjia">Huo Yuanjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ziping" title="Wang Ziping">Wang Ziping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Fake" title="Chen Fake">Chen Fake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ip_Man" title="Ip Man">Ip Man</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ten Tigers of Canton</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F2F5A9; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">Modern celebrities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_Yeung" title="Bolo Yeung">Bolo Yeung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammo_Hung" title="Sammo Hung">Sammo Hung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_Li" title="Jet Li">Jet Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnie_Yen" title="Donnie Yen">Donnie Yen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Zhao" title="Vincent Zhao">Vincent Zhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jin_(actor)" title="Zhang Jin (actor)">Zhang Jin (actor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_To" title="Dennis To">Dennis To</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F2F5A9; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_martial_arts" title="Vietnamese martial arts">Vietnamese martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">Wushu (sport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_martial_arts" title="Template:Chinese martial arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_martial_arts" title="Template talk:Chinese martial arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_martial_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese martial arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ten Tigers of Canton</b> or <b>Ten Tigers of Guangdong</b><sup id="cite_ref-Kim_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> refers to a group of ten Chinese martial artists from <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong Province</a> lived around the 19th century during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. They were said to be the greatest fighters in <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> during the Qing era. Much of their existence has been embellished by folk legends and stories passed down from generation to generation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ten_Tigers'_martial_arts"><span id="Ten_Tigers.27_martial_arts"></span>Ten Tigers' martial arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Ten Tigers&#039; martial arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ten Tigers of Canton traced their martial arts lineage to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Shaolin_Monastery" title="Southern Shaolin Monastery">Southern Shaolin Monastery</a> 南少林寺 in the Jiulian Mountains 九連山 in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian Province</a> 福建省. Southern Shaolin Kung Fu is a branch of the better known <a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a> 少林寺 on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Song" title="Mount Song">Mount Song</a> 嵩山 in <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan Province</a> 河南省. As such, the Ten Tigers' martial arts styles resemble those of <a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Kung_Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaolin Kung Fu">Shaolin Kung Fu</a> 少林武功. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ten_Tigers_of_Canton">Ten Tigers of Canton</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Ten Tigers of Canton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wong_Yan-lam">Wong Yan-lam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Wong Yan-lam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Wong Yan-lam</b> or <b>Wang Yinlin</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">王隐林</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">王隱林</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Wáng Yǐnlín</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Wong<sup>4</sup> Jan<sup>2</sup>-lam<sup>4</sup></span></i>), also romanised as <b>Wong Yein-lam</b>, was a student of the Tibetan monk Xinglong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">星龍</span></span>), a master of the "Lion's Roar" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">獅子吼</span></span>) style of martial arts. Wong mastered this style, which later split into the Hop Family Fist (<span lang="zh">俠家拳</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xiájiā quán</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Haap<sup>6</sup>gaa<sup>1</sup> kyun<sup>4</sup></span></i>), Lama Style (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">喇嘛派</span></span>), and White Crane Fist (<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_White_Crane" title="Tibetan White Crane">Tibetan White Crane</a> 西藏白鶴拳).<sup id="cite_ref-southmet_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wong_Ching-ho">Wong Ching-ho</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Wong Ching-ho"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Wong Ching-ho</b> or <b>Huang Chengke</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">黄澄可</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">黃澄可</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Huáng Chéngkě</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Wong<sup>4</sup> Cing<sup>4</sup>-ho<sup>2</sup></span></i>), also romanised as <b>Wong Cheng-ho</b>, was a student of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luk_Ah-choi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luk Ah-choi (page does not exist)">Luk Ah-choi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>&#58; <span lang="zh-Hant">陸阿采</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>&#58; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Lù Acǎi</span></i>). He is portrayed in popular fiction as specialising in the Nine Dragons Fist (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">九龍拳</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-southmet_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="So_Hak-fu">So Hak-fu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: So Hak-fu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>So Hak-fu</b> or <b>Su Heihu</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">苏黑虎</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">蘇黑虎</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Sū Hēihǔ</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Sou<sup>1</sup> Hak<sup>1</sup>-fu<sup>2</sup></span></i>), also romanised as <b>Sou Hark-fu</b>, was a student of the Shaolin monk Zhaode 少林僧人兆德. He was trained in the <a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Kung_Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaolin Kung Fu">Southern Shaolin Style</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南少林派</span></span>) but later created his own style, which is known as <a href="/wiki/Hak_Fu_Mun" title="Hak Fu Mun">Black Tiger Style</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">黑虎門</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-southmet_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wong_Kei-ying">Wong Kei-ying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Wong Kei-ying"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wong_Kei-ying" title="Wong Kei-ying">Wong Kei-ying</a></b> or <b>Huang Qiying</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">黄麒英</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">黃麒英</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Huáng Qíyīng</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Wong<sup>4</sup> Kei<sup>4</sup>-jing<sup>1</sup></span></i>), also romanised as <b>Wong Khei-yin</b>, was a student of Luk Ah-choi. He is best known for his skill in <a href="/wiki/Hung_Ga" title="Hung Ga">Hung Ga</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洪家</span></span>)of which he was one of the progenitors.<sup id="cite_ref-southmet_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also was the father of <a href="/wiki/Wong_Fei-hung" title="Wong Fei-hung">Wong Fei-hung</a> 黃飛鴻, who wasn't one of the Ten Tigers but is sometimes referred to as the <i>Tiger after the Ten Tigers</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lai_Yan-chiu">Lai Yan-chiu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Lai Yan-chiu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lai Yan-chiu</b> or <b>Li Renchao</b> (<span lang="zh">黎仁超</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Lí Rénchāo</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Lai<sup>4</sup> Jan<sup>4</sup>-ciu<sup>1</sup></span></i>) was a practitioner of the <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a> Fist (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">客家拳</span></span>), which was also known as Southern Praying Mantis (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南螳螂</span></span>). He was also known for his skill in the Seven Stars Fist (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">七星拳</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-southmet_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="So_Chan">So Chan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: So Chan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/So_Chan" title="So Chan">So Chan</a></b> or <b>Su Can</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">苏灿</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">蘇燦</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Sū Càn</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Sou<sup>1</sup> Can<sup>3</sup></span></i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Hung_Ga" title="Hung Ga">Hung Ga</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洪家</span></span>) practitioner. He was famous for his skill in Drunken Fist (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">醉拳</span></span>) and Shaolin Staff (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">少林棍</span></span>). He is more commonly known by his nickname "<b>So Hut-yee</b>" or "<b>Su Qi'er</b>" (<span lang="zh-Hans">苏乞儿</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">蘇乞兒</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Sū Qǐ'er</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Sou<sup>1</sup> Hat<sup>1</sup>-ji<sup>4</sup></span></i>), which means "<b>Beggar So</b>".<sup id="cite_ref-southmet_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Like <a href="/wiki/Wong_Fei-hung" title="Wong Fei-hung">Wong Fei-hung</a> 黃飛鴻, he is also regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">folk hero</a> in Chinese popular culture and has been the subject of films such as <i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Beggars" title="King of Beggars">King of Beggars</a></i> (1992) and <i><a href="/wiki/True_Legend" title="True Legend">True Legend</a></i> (2010). He also appeared as a supporting character in some movies about Wong Fei-hung, most notably <i><a href="/wiki/Drunken_Master" title="Drunken Master">Drunken Master</a></i> (1978). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leung_Kwan">Leung Kwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Leung Kwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Leung_Kwan" title="Leung Kwan">Leung Kwan</a></b> or <b>Liang Kun</b> (<span lang="zh">梁坤</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Liáng Kūn</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Loeng<sup>4</sup> Kwan<sup>1</sup></span></i>) was primarily known as one of the progenitors of <a href="/wiki/Hung_Ga" title="Hung Ga">Hung Ga</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洪家</span></span>) but practiced the uncategorized southern shaolin style. He was known for his skill in the Iron Wire Fist (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鐵線拳</span></span>). He is more commonly known by his nickname "<b>Iron Bridge Three</b>" (<span lang="zh-Hans">铁桥三</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">鐵橋三</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tiě Qiáo Sān</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Tit<sup>3</sup> Kiu<sup>4</sup> Saam<sup>1</sup></span></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-southmet_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> because of the extraordinary strength he acquired through the practice of the iron wire fist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chan_Cheung-tai">Chan Cheung-tai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Chan Cheung-tai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Chan Cheung-tai</b> or <b>Chen Changtai</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">陈长泰</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">陳長泰</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Chén Chángtài</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Can<sup>4</sup> Coeng<sup>4</sup>-taai<sup>3</sup></span></i>) specialised in the martial art Iron Finger (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鐵指</span></span>). He was nicknamed "<b>Iron Finger Chan</b>" (<span lang="zh-Hans">铁指陈</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">鐵指陳</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tiě Zhǐ Chén</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Tit<sup>3</sup> Zi<sup>2</sup> Can<sup>2</sup></span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-southmet_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tam_Chai-kwan">Tam Chai-kwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Tam Chai-kwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Tam Chai-kwan</b> or <b>Tan Jijun</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">谭济筠</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">譚濟筠</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tán Jìjūn</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Taam<sup>4</sup> Zai<sup>3</sup>-gwan<sup>1</sup></span></i>) was a practitioner of the <a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu</a> 花都省 style of <a href="/wiki/Hung_Ga" title="Hung Ga">Hung Ga</a> 洪家拳 and Tam Ga (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">譚家</span></span>). He was nicknamed "<b>Three Legs Tam</b>" (<span lang="zh-Hans">三脚谭</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">三腳譚</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Sān Jiǎo Tán</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Saam<sup>1</sup> Goek<sup>3</sup> Taam<sup>4</sup></span></i>) for the three types of kicks he used.<sup id="cite_ref-southmet_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chau_Tai">Chau Tai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Chau Tai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Chau Tai</b> or <b>Zhou Tai</b> (<span lang="zh">周泰</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōu Tài</span></i>; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Zau<sup>1</sup> Taai<sup>3</sup></span></i>), also romanised as <b>Jau Taai</b> and <b>Chow Thye</b>, was known for his "soft-hand" techniques and his mastery of the <a href="/wiki/Gun_(staff)" title="Gun (staff)">long staff</a>. He created the martial art Zhou Family Bagua Staff (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周家八卦棍</span></span>), who has been passed down for generations in his family. He was also a master of <a href="/wiki/Choy_Li_Fut" title="Choy Li Fut">Choy Li Fut</a> 蔡李佛, which he integrated into his other martial arts styles. His descendants, Hung Chau (great-grandson) and Michael Chau (great-great-grandson), reside in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-southmet_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ten Tigers first appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_films_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong films of 1978">1978</a> film <i>Ten Tigers of Shaolin</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">廣東十虎</span></span>) produced by Mei Lam Film Production Company. </p><p>The Ten Tigers appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_films_of_1979" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong films of 1979">1979</a> <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Tigers_from_Kwangtung" title="Ten Tigers from Kwangtung">Ten Tigers from Kwangtung</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">廣東十虎與後五虎</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> produced by the <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Brothers_Studio" title="Shaw Brothers Studio">Shaw Brothers Studio</a>. It featured a star-studded cast of Shaw Studio actors, including the <a href="/wiki/Venom_Mob" title="Venom Mob">Venom Mob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ti_Lung" title="Ti Lung">Ti Lung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fu_Sheng" title="Alexander Fu Sheng">Alexander Fu</a>. </p><p>A fictionalized version of the Ten Tigers were featured in the 2004 film <i><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(2004_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (2004 film)">Around the World in 80 Days</a></i>, with <a href="/wiki/Sammo_Hung" title="Sammo Hung">Sammo Hung</a> making a special appearance as <a href="/wiki/Wong_Fei-hung" title="Wong Fei-hung">Wong Fei-hung</a>. Wong and the Ten Tigers assisted the protagonists in liberating the village of Lanzhou. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a> produced a 40-episodes TV drama series titled <i>Ten Tigers of Guangdong</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">英雄之廣東十虎</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Eleventh_Tiger" title="The Eleventh Tiger">The Eleventh Tiger</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/BBC_Books" title="BBC Books">BBC Books</a> original novel set in the Doctor Who universe by <a href="/wiki/David_A._McIntee" title="David A. McIntee">David A. McIntee</a>, the Ten Tigers are featured, with <a href="/wiki/Wong_Kei-ying" title="Wong Kei-ying">Wong Kei-ying</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wong_Fei-hung" title="Wong Fei-hung">Wong Fei-hung</a> as major characters in the story. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The electronic music artist <a href="/wiki/Bonobo_(musician)" title="Bonobo (musician)">Bonobo</a> has a track called "Ten Tigers" on his 2013 album <a href="/wiki/The_North_Borders" title="The North Borders">The North Borders</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Tigers_of_Canton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kim-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kim_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim, Sun-Jin. Tuttle Dictionary of the Martial Arts of Korea, China &amp; Japan. [1996] (1996). Tuttle publishing. Korea. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8048-2016-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8048-2016-3">0-8048-2016-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-southmet-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-southmet_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southmet_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southmet_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southmet_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southmet_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southmet_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southmet_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southmet_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southmet_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-southmet_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">王春芙, 王春英, 陳朝華, Southern Metropolitan daily Guangzhou publications (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">南方都市報廣州專刊副</span></span>). Guangdong's past &amp; present. (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">廣東的前世今生</span></span>). Using for name verifications. Originally in simplified characters. Published by 花城出版社. Digitized Aug 7, 2007 University of Michigan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080002/Guangdong">shi hu xing yi wu xi</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐mjpz6 Cached time: 20241122151433 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.534 seconds Real time usage: 0.635 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3464/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 50938/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 780/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 23116/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.358/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 13340868/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 563.349 1 -total 45.02% 253.606 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese 17.80% 100.280 1 Template:Chinese_martial_arts 17.09% 96.266 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists 14.33% 80.740 1 Template:Short_description 11.15% 62.841 1 Template:Reflist 8.98% 50.590 2 Template:Pagetype 8.22% 46.322 1 Template:IPA-yue 7.92% 44.624 1 Template:ISBN 7.89% 44.425 1 Template:IPA --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:930106-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122151433 and revision id 1237887415. 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