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Parasitismo - Wikipedia, a enciclopedia libre

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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Parasitismo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 92 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84" title="تطفل – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تطفل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B7" title="تبرزيط – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تبرزيط" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitismu" title="Parasitismu – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Parasitismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitizm" title="Parazitizm – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Parazitizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84" title="انگل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="انگل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Паразітызм – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паразітызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Паразытызм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паразытызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Паразитизъм – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Паразитизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="পরজীবিতা – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরজীবিতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitizam" title="Parazitizam – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Parazitizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitisme" title="Parasitisme – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parasitisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مشەخۆری – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مشەخۆری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitismus" title="Parazitismus – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parazitismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arfilyn" title="Arfilyn – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arfilyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitisme" title="Parasitisme – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Parasitisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitismus" title="Parasitismus – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parasitismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Παρασιτισμός – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παρασιτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism" title="Parasitism – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Parasitism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitismo" title="Parazitismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parazitismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitismo" title="Parasitismo – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parasitismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism" title="Parasitism – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Parasitism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitismo" title="Parasitismo – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Parasitismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84" title="انگل – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انگل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loisinta" title="Loisinta – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Loisinta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitisme" title="Parasitisme – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parasitisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasiit" title="Parasiit – frisón setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Parasiit" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faoighiche" title="Faoighiche – gaélico escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Faoighiche" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA" title="טפילות – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טפילות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="परजीविता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परजीविता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitizam" title="Parazitizam – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Parazitizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitis" title="Parazitis – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Parazitis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89l%C5%91sk%C3%B6d%C5%91" title="Élősködő – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Élősködő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մակաբուծություն – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մակաբուծություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitismo" title="Parasitismo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Parasitismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitisme" title="Parasitisme – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parasitisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraziteso" title="Paraziteso – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Paraziteso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sn%C3%ADkjul%C3%ADf" title="Sníkjulíf – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sníkjulíf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parassitismo" title="Parassitismo – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parassitismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F" title="寄生 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="寄生" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პარაზიტიზმი – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პარაზიტიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijjen%E1%B9%ADedt" title="Tijjenṭedt – cabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tijjenṭedt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Паразитизм – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Паразитизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಪರಜೀವಿಕೆ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪರಜೀವಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%9D_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="기생 (생물학) – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기생 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvil" title="Arvil – córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Arvil" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мителер – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мителер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitismus" title="Parasitismus – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Parasitismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitizmas" title="Parazitizmas – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Parazitizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraz%C4%ABtisms" title="Parazītisms – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Parazītisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katsentsitra" title="Katsentsitra – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Katsentsitra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Паразитизам – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Паразитизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="പരാദം – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പരാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Шимэгчлэл – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шимэгчлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE" title="परजीवीपणा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="परजीवीपणा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitisme" title="Parasitisme – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parasitisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitisme" title="Parasitisme – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parasitisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasittisme" title="Parasittisme – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Parasittisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasittisme" title="Parasittisme – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Parasittisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitisme" title="Parasitisme – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Parasitisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxxantuu" title="Maxxantuu – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Maxxantuu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%80" title="ପରଜୀବୀ – odiá" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପରଜୀବୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odiá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪਰਜੀਵੀਪੁਣਾ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਰਜੀਵੀਪੁਣਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paso%C5%BCytnictwo" title="Pasożytnictwo – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pasożytnictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85" title="پرازيتيزم – paxto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پرازيتيزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitismo" title="Parasitismo – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parasitismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atam" title="Atam – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Atam" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitism" title="Parazitism – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Parazitism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Паразитизм – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Паразитизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Паразиттар – iacuto" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Паразиттар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacuto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مفت خور – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مفت خور" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism" title="Parasitism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Parasitism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitizmus" title="Parazitizmus – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Parazitizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zajedavstvo" title="Zajedavstvo – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zajedavstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisvetasimba" title="Chisvetasimba – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chisvetasimba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitizmi" title="Parazitizmi – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Parazitizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Паразитизам – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Паразитизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism" title="Parasitism – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Parasitism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimelea" title="Kimelea – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kimelea" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="ஒட்டுண்ணி வாழ்வு – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒட்டுண்ணி வாழ்வு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="పరాన్నజీవనం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పరాన్నజీవనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%84%D1%82%D1%85%D3%AF%D1%80" title="Муфтхӯр – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муфтхӯр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="ปรสิต – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปรสิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitismo" title="Parasitismo – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Parasitismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitlik" title="Parazitlik – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Parazitlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Паразитизм – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Паразитизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="طفیلیت – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طفیلیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazitizm" title="Parazitizm – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Parazitizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BD_sinh" title="Ký sinh – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ký sinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F" title="寄生 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="寄生" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პარაზიტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პარაზიტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F" title="寄生 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="寄生" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F" title="寄生 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="寄生" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186517#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-04-1000_artigos_icona_título" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikiproxecto_1000_artigos_de_calidade_para_alumnado_de_12_a_16_anos" title="1000 12/16"><img alt="1000 12/16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en 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/></a><figcaption>Un peixe <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithognathus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithognathus (a páxina aínda non existe)">Lithognathus</a></i> co parasito <i><a href="/wiki/Cymothoa_exigua" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymothoa exigua">Cymothoa exigua</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa" title="Bioloxía">bioloxía</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ecolox%C3%ADa" title="Ecoloxía">ecoloxía</a>, o <b>parasitismo</b> é unha <a href="/wiki/Relaci%C3%B3n_interespec%C3%ADfica" title="Relación interespecífica">relación interespecífica</a> en que un organismo (<a href="/wiki/Parasito" title="Parasito">parasito</a>) obtén beneficio doutro, provocándolle un dano paulatino que non lle provoca á vítima a morte inmediata. Tradicionalmente, <i>parasito</i> refírese a un organismo visible a simple vista, ou un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macroparasito&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Macroparasito (a páxina aínda non existe)">macroparasito</a> (como o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helminto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Helminto (a páxina aínda non existe)">helminto</a>). Os microparasitos son moito máis pequenos, como os <a href="/wiki/Protozoos" title="Protozoos">protozoos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bartel_Ober_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bartel_Ober-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virus</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">bacterias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Combes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Combes-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Exemplos de parasitos inclúen plantas como o <a href="/wiki/Visgo" title="Visgo">visgo</a> e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuscuta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuscuta (a páxina aínda non existe)">cuscuta</a>, e animais como os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancilostom%C3%ADase&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancilostomíase (a páxina aínda non existe)">ancilostomíases</a>. </p><p>Ó contrario que os <a href="/wiki/Depredaci%C3%B3n" title="Depredación">depredadores</a>, os parasitos polo xeral non matan ó seu anfitrión, son moitos máis pequenos ca el e poden vivir do seu anfitrión durante un período de tempo extenso. Os parasitos presentan un alto grao de especialización, e <a href="/wiki/Reproduci%C3%B3n" title="Reprodución">reprodúcense</a> tan axiña como os seus anfritrións. Exemplos clásicos son os que se producen entre <a href="/wiki/Vertebrados" title="Vertebrados">vertebrados</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cestodos" title="Cestodos">cestodos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trematodos" title="Trematodos">trematodos</a>, a especie <i><a href="/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium">Plasmodium</a></i> e <a href="/wiki/Pulga" title="Pulga">pulgas</a>. O <a href="/wiki/Parasitoide" title="Parasitoide">parasitoide</a> é unha estratexia da evolución dentro do parasitismo no que o parasito mata o seu anfitrión.<sup id="cite_ref-PoulinRandhawa2015_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoulinRandhawa2015-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parasitismo&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parasitismo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Leong, K. L.; Yoshimura, M. A.; Kaya, H. K.; Williams, H. (1997-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9028932/">"Instar susceptibility of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) to the neogregarine parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha"</a>. <i>Journal of Invertebrate Pathology</i> <b>69</b> (1): 79–83. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2011">0022-2011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9028932">9028932</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fjipa.1996.4634">10.1006/jipa.1996.4634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AParasitismo&amp;rft.atitle=Instar+susceptibility+of+the+monarch+butterfly+%28Danaus+plexippus%29+to+the+neogregarine+parasite%2C+Ophryocystis+elektroscirrha&amp;rft.au=Kaya%2C+H.+K.&amp;rft.au=Williams%2C+H.&amp;rft.au=Yoshimura%2C+M.+A.&amp;rft.aufirst=K.+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Leong&amp;rft.chron=1997-01&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0022-2011&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&amp;rft.pages=79-83&amp;rft.volume=69&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F9028932%2F&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fjipa.1996.4634&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9028932&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bartel_Ober-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bartel_Ober_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bartel, Rebecca; Oberhauser, Karen; De Roode, Jacob; Atizer, Sonya (febreiro de 2011). "Monarch butterfly migration and parasite transmission in eastern North America". <i>Ecology</i> <b>92</b> (2): 342–351. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21618914">21618914</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1890%2F10-0489.1">10.1890/10-0489.1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AParasitismo&amp;rft.atitle=Monarch+butterfly+migration+and+parasite+transmission+in+eastern+North+America&amp;rft.au=Atizer%2C+Sonya&amp;rft.au=De+Roode%2C+Jacob&amp;rft.au=Oberhauser%2C+Karen&amp;rft.aufirst=Rebecca&amp;rft.aulast=Bartel&amp;rft.chron=febreiro+de+2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Ecology&amp;rft.pages=342-351&amp;rft.volume=92&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1890%2F10-0489.1&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21618914&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Combes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Combes_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Claude Combes, <i>The Art of being a Parasite</i>, University of Chicago Press, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoulinRandhawa2015-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PoulinRandhawa2015_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Poulin, Robert; Randhawa, Haseeb S. (febreiro de 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413784">"Evolution of parasitism along convergent lines: from ecology to genomics"</a>. <i>Parasitology</i> <b>142</b> (Suppl 1): S6–S15. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413784">4413784</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229807">24229807</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0031182013001674">10.1017/S0031182013001674</a>.</cite><span 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href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2706757">2706757</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/parasitism">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">GEC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0129718.xml">0129718</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4173322-8">4173322-8</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.jstor.org/topic/parasitism">parasitism</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85097918">sh85097918</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MAG: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/8225673">8225673</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Dieta">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565985">00565985</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional da República Checa">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph908347">ph908347</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_t%C3%A9cnica_nacional_de_Praga" title="Biblioteca técnica nacional de Praga">PSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psh.techlib.cz/skos/PSH998">998</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <hr /> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Este artigo tan só é un bosquexo"><img alt="Este artigo tan só é un bosquexo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kuickshow.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_kuickshow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kuickshow.svg/45px-Nuvola_apps_kuickshow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kuickshow.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_kuickshow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="line-height: 110%;">&#160;<span style="font-size:95%"><i>Este artigo&#160;sobre <a href="/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa" title="Bioloxía">bioloxía</a> é, polo de agora, só un bosquexo. <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parasitismo&amp;action=edit">Traballa nel</a></span> para axudar a contribuír a que a Galipedia <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mantemento" title="Wikipedia:Mantemento">mellore e medre</a>.</i></span><br />&#160;<i><span style="font-size:85%">Existen igualmente outros <a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Biolox%C3%ADa_en_progreso" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Bioloxía en progreso">artigos relacionados con este tema</a> nos que tamén podes contribuír.</span></i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7649cfcddd‐chz99 Cached time: 20241127124905 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.232 seconds Real time usage: 0.601 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 406/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15855/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 570/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 12/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5631/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.159/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5460685/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 13/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 265.497 1 -total 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