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title="Turnkeule – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turnkeule" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanzamiento_de_mazas" title="Lanzamiento de mazas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lanzamiento de mazas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%86" title="میل گرفتن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میل گرفتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a 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For the football club, see <a href="/wiki/Iran_Club" title="Iran Club">Iran Club</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Indian_club" title="Special:EditPage/Indian club">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Indian+club%22">"Indian club"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Indian+club%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Indian+club%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Indian+club%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Indian+club%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Indian+club%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_clubs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Indian_clubs.jpg/170px-Indian_clubs.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Indian_clubs.jpg/255px-Indian_clubs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Indian_clubs.jpg/340px-Indian_clubs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1928" /></a><figcaption>A pair of painted Indian clubs from the late 19th century <a href="/wiki/Clubs_(rhythmic_gymnastics)" title="Clubs (rhythmic gymnastics)">as used in rhythmic gymnastics</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Indian clubs</b>, or <b>meels</b>, are a type of <a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">exercise</a> equipment used to present resistance in movement to develop strength and mobility. They consist of juggling-club shaped wooden clubs of varying sizes and weights, which are swung in certain patterns as part of a strength exercise program. They can range in weight from a few pounds each to special clubs that can weigh as much as up to 100 pounds. They were used in carefully choreographed routines in which the clubs were swung in unison by a group of exercisers, led by an instructor,‌ the way it is still practiced in <a href="/wiki/Varzesh-e_Bastani" class="mw-redirect" title="Varzesh-e Bastani">Varzesh-e Bastani</a> in Iran and similar to 21st-century <a href="/wiki/Aerobics" title="Aerobics">aerobics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zumba" title="Zumba">zumba</a> classes. The routines would vary according to the group's ability along with the weights of the clubs being used. When the 19th-century British colonists came across exercising clubs in India, they named them Indian clubs. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_club&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_Figure_-_5th-7th_Century_CE_-_Moghalmari_Artefact_-_Kolkata_2014-09-14_7873.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Stone_Figure_-_5th-7th_Century_CE_-_Moghalmari_Artefact_-_Kolkata_2014-09-14_7873.JPG/191px-Stone_Figure_-_5th-7th_Century_CE_-_Moghalmari_Artefact_-_Kolkata_2014-09-14_7873.JPG" decoding="async" width="191" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Stone_Figure_-_5th-7th_Century_CE_-_Moghalmari_Artefact_-_Kolkata_2014-09-14_7873.JPG/286px-Stone_Figure_-_5th-7th_Century_CE_-_Moghalmari_Artefact_-_Kolkata_2014-09-14_7873.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Stone_Figure_-_5th-7th_Century_CE_-_Moghalmari_Artefact_-_Kolkata_2014-09-14_7873.JPG/382px-Stone_Figure_-_5th-7th_Century_CE_-_Moghalmari_Artefact_-_Kolkata_2014-09-14_7873.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3387" data-file-height="5661" /></a><figcaption>Stone figure using an exercise equipment similar to Indian clubs, 5th-7th century CE found in <a href="/wiki/Moghalmari" title="Moghalmari">Moghalmari</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Club swinging is believed to have originated in Persia and India by soldiers as a method of improving strength, agility, balance and physical ability.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gada_(mace)" title="Gada (mace)">Gada</a> club is a blunt mace from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. Made either of wood or metal, it consists essentially of a spherical head mounted on a shaft, with a spike on the top. The gada is one of the traditional pieces of training equipment in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_physical_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu physical culture">Hindu physical culture</a>, and is common in the <a href="/wiki/Akhara" title="Akhara">akhara</a> of north India. Maces of various weights and heights are used depending on the strength and skill level of the practitioner. For training purposes, one or two wooden gada (<i><a href="/wiki/Mudgar" title="Mudgar">mudgar</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are swung behind the back in several different ways; this is particularly useful for building grip strength and shoulder endurance. Mudgar are mentioned in the Indian treatise <a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a> written by <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Kautilya</a> dated to the 4th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Tamil Nadu, the southern state of India, there exists a cultural practice akin to the club exercises known as Karalakattai. This tradition encompasses 64 distinct types of swings and exercises designed to target various muscles and body parts. Historically, this age-old training equipment was purportedly prevalent in households across Tamilnadu nearly 2000 years ago. Practitioners of Karalakattai suggest its origins trace back to the era of <a href="/wiki/Kumari_Kandam" title="Kumari Kandam">Kumari Kandam</a>, also referred to as <a href="/wiki/Lemuria" title="Lemuria">Lemuria</a>, a period of historical significance in the region. </p><p>Several <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryan era</a> coins depict club swinging; the <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta era</a> gold coin also depicts one of its kings performing club swinging with Gada. Gandharan fifth century schist used as wrestler's weight with Gada carved on it indicates that Gada might have been used as a training tool.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manasollasa" title="Manasollasa">Manasollasa</a> written in the twelfth century explicitly describes training exercises and club swinging along with wrestling. The thirteenth century text, <a href="/wiki/Malla_Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Malla Purana">Malla Purana</a>, discusses Lord Krishna and Balarama's prescriptions regarding wrestlers’ bodies and training methods such as club swinging; the text exhibits that the club swinging has long been a regulated practice. A Rajput painting from 1610 AD shows athletes performing various acrobatics including club swinging while dancing on Raga Desahka.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Mughal painting from 1670 depicts Indian athletes using Indian clubs and performing other exercises such as weightlifting, <a href="/wiki/Mallakhamba" title="Mallakhamba">mallakhamb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the nineteenth century when the British adopted Indian clubs they were remodelled into lightweight clubs bearing little resemblance to their traditional counterparts. Whereas traditional clubs weighed up to seventy pounds, those recommended, and adopted by Britain's army, weighed four.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While torches and other stick-like objects have been used in <a href="/wiki/Juggling" title="Juggling">juggling</a> for centuries, the modern <a href="/wiki/Juggling_club" title="Juggling club">juggling club</a> was inspired by Indian clubs, which were first repurposed for juggling by DeWitt Cook <a href="/wiki/History_of_juggling" title="History of juggling">in the 1800s</a>. </p><p>Exceptionally popular during the fitness movement of the late <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>, used by military cadets and well-heeled ladies alike, they appeared as a gymnastic event in the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Olympics</a>. Gymnasiums were built solely to cater to club exercise groups. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries they became increasingly common in Europe, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">British Commonwealth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p><p>Circa 1913/14 the Bodyguard unit of the British <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragette</a> movement carried Indian clubs as concealed weapons for use against the truncheons of the police.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The popularity of Indian clubs waned in Europe during the 1920s and 1930s as organized sports became more prevalent. Regimented exercise routines, like those requiring Indian clubs, were relegated to professional athletes and the military, who had access to more effective and modern <a href="/wiki/Strength_training" title="Strength training">strength training</a> equipment. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahlavan_takhti_meel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Pahlavan_takhti_meel.jpg/145px-Pahlavan_takhti_meel.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Pahlavan_takhti_meel.jpg/218px-Pahlavan_takhti_meel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Pahlavan_takhti_meel.jpg/290px-Pahlavan_takhti_meel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>A pair of meels held by Iranian wrestler <a href="/wiki/Gholamreza_Takhti" title="Gholamreza Takhti">Gholamreza Takhti</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are physical fitness enthusiasts reviving the usage of Indian Clubs in the early 21st century, citing the <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_exercise" title="Aerobic exercise">aerobic exercise</a> and safety advantages over traditional free weight regimens. There are nostalgic replicas of the original clubs being manufactured, as well as modern engineering updates to the concept, such as the Clubbell.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persian_clubs">Persian clubs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_club&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Persian clubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exercise clubs similar to indian clubs are also found in <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, where they are referred to as meels or mils (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">میل</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">mil</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_2004_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_2004-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest records of this type of resistance device being used by wrestlers predates the 19th century, in ancient <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>. Their practice has continued to the present day, in the <a href="/wiki/Varzesh-e_Bastani" class="mw-redirect" title="Varzesh-e Bastani">Varzesh-e Bastani</a> or Varzesh-e Pahlavani tradition practiced in the <a href="/wiki/Zurkaneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurkaneh">zurkaneh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. The late <a href="/wiki/Iron_Sheik" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Sheik">Iron Sheik</a> was a known practitioner of Persian Clubs. </p><p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Dogu.jpg/220px-Dogu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Dogu.jpg/330px-Dogu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Dogu.jpg/440px-Dogu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2648" data-file-height="952" /></a><figcaption><i>Chi Ishi</i> weighted levers</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_version">Japanese version</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_club&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Japanese version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hojo_und%C5%8D#Chi_Ishi" title="Hojo undō">Chi'ishi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karate</a> conditioning equipment and its exercise pattern was inspired by the gada and mugdar. The war clubs were also inspired by gada.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_club&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_club_swinging_team,_St_Paul%27s_Young_Men%27s_Club,_Ipswich,_1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian (British Raj) club swinging team, 1890s."><img alt="Indian (British Raj) club swinging team, 1890s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Indian_club_swinging_team%2C_St_Paul%27s_Young_Men%27s_Club%2C_Ipswich%2C_1890s.jpg/120px-Indian_club_swinging_team%2C_St_Paul%27s_Young_Men%27s_Club%2C_Ipswich%2C_1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Indian_club_swinging_team%2C_St_Paul%27s_Young_Men%27s_Club%2C_Ipswich%2C_1890s.jpg/180px-Indian_club_swinging_team%2C_St_Paul%27s_Young_Men%27s_Club%2C_Ipswich%2C_1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Indian_club_swinging_team%2C_St_Paul%27s_Young_Men%27s_Club%2C_Ipswich%2C_1890s.jpg/240px-Indian_club_swinging_team%2C_St_Paul%27s_Young_Men%27s_Club%2C_Ipswich%2C_1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="759" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indian (British Raj) club swinging team, 1890s.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_wrestler_exercising._1973.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An Indian pehlwan (wrestler) training with clubs c. 1973."><img alt="An Indian pehlwan (wrestler) training with clubs c. 1973." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Indian_wrestler_exercising._1973.JPG/83px-Indian_wrestler_exercising._1973.JPG" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Indian_wrestler_exercising._1973.JPG/125px-Indian_wrestler_exercising._1973.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Indian_wrestler_exercising._1973.JPG/167px-Indian_wrestler_exercising._1973.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="1916" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Indian pehlwan (wrestler) training with clubs c. 1973.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CarteDeVisiteSimDKehoeLate1800s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carte de visite of Sim D. Kehoe, who brought Indian clubs to the United States from England."><img alt="Carte de visite of Sim D. Kehoe, who brought Indian clubs to the United States from England." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CarteDeVisiteSimDKehoeLate1800s.jpg/73px-CarteDeVisiteSimDKehoeLate1800s.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CarteDeVisiteSimDKehoeLate1800s.jpg/109px-CarteDeVisiteSimDKehoeLate1800s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CarteDeVisiteSimDKehoeLate1800s.jpg/146px-CarteDeVisiteSimDKehoeLate1800s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Carte_de_visite" title="Carte de visite">Carte de visite</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sim_D._Kehoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sim D. Kehoe (page does not exist)">Sim D. Kehoe</a>, who brought Indian clubs to the United States from England.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Men_Working_Out_at_Zurkhaneh_(House_of_Strength)_-_Yazd_-_Central_Iran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Men working out at Zurkhaneh (House of Strength) in Iran."><img alt="Men working out at Zurkhaneh (House of Strength) in Iran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Men_Working_Out_at_Zurkhaneh_%28House_of_Strength%29_-_Yazd_-_Central_Iran.jpg/120px-Men_Working_Out_at_Zurkhaneh_%28House_of_Strength%29_-_Yazd_-_Central_Iran.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Men_Working_Out_at_Zurkhaneh_%28House_of_Strength%29_-_Yazd_-_Central_Iran.jpg/180px-Men_Working_Out_at_Zurkhaneh_%28House_of_Strength%29_-_Yazd_-_Central_Iran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Men_Working_Out_at_Zurkhaneh_%28House_of_Strength%29_-_Yazd_-_Central_Iran.jpg/240px-Men_Working_Out_at_Zurkhaneh_%28House_of_Strength%29_-_Yazd_-_Central_Iran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Men working out at Zurkhaneh (House of Strength) in Iran.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_club&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clubs_(rhythmic_gymnastics)" title="Clubs (rhythmic gymnastics)">clubs (rhythmic gymnastics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettlebell" title="Kettlebell">Kettlebell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Athlete" title="Newark Athlete">Newark Athlete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toss_juggling" title="Toss juggling">Toss juggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_club_swinging" title="Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's club swinging">Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's club swinging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Indian_clubs" title="Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's Indian clubs">Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's Indian clubs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_club&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=55570">"The Therapeutic Benefits of Indian Club Swinging"</a>. <i>www.dynamicchiropractic.com</i>. 2011-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dynamicchiropractic.com&rft.atitle=The+Therapeutic+Benefits+of+Indian+Club+Swinging&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dynamicchiropractic.com%2Fmpacms%2Fdc%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D55570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeffernan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Heffernan, Conor (2017-05-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09523367.2017.1374248">"What's Wrong with a Little Swinging? Indian Clubs as a Tool of Suppression and Rebellion in Post-Rebellion India"</a>. <i>The International Journal of the History of Sport</i>. <b>34</b> (7–8): 554–577. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09523367.2017.1374248">10.1080/09523367.2017.1374248</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0952-3367">0952-3367</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+the+History+of+Sport&rft.atitle=What%27s+Wrong+with+a+Little+Swinging%3F+Indian+Clubs+as+a+Tool+of+Suppression+and+Rebellion+in+Post-Rebellion+India&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=7%E2%80%938&rft.pages=554-577&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09523367.2017.1374248&rft.issn=0952-3367&rft.aulast=Heffernan&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F09523367.2017.1374248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasulisAimesDissanayake1993" class="citation book cs1">Kasulis, Thomas P.; Aimes, Roger T.; Dissanayake, Wimal (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lBYz5jgA4-8C&q=mugdar&pg=PA88"><i>Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice</i></a>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791410806" title="Special:BookSources/9780791410806"><bdi>9780791410806</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Self+as+Body+in+Asian+Theory+and+Practice&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780791410806&rft.aulast=Kasulis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+P.&rft.au=Aimes%2C+Roger+T.&rft.au=Dissanayake%2C+Wimal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlBYz5jgA4-8C%26q%3Dmugdar%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=574592&partId=1">"exercise-club"</a>. <i>British Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=exercise-club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fresearch%2Fcollection_online%2Fcollection_object_details.aspx%3FobjectId%3D574592%26partId%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Arthasastra_English_Translation">"Arthasastra_English_Translation : R Shamasastry : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"</a>. <i>Internet Archive</i>. p. 70<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Arthasastra_English_Translation+%3A+R+Shamasastry+%3A+Free+Download%2C+Borrow%2C+and+Streaming&rft.pages=70&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FArthasastra_English_Translation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Castro2003" class="citation journal cs1">Di Castro, Angelo Andrea (2003). "A Late Gandharan Wrestlers' Weight". <i>East and West</i>. <b>53</b> (1/4): 257–265. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29757580">29757580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+and+West&rft.atitle=A+Late+Gandharan+Wrestlers%27+Weight&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.pages=257-265&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29757580%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Di+Castro&rft.aufirst=Angelo+Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?assetId=123705001&objectId=183952&partId=1">"painting"</a>. <i>British Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=painting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fresearch%2Fcollection_online%2Fcollection_object_details.aspx%3FassetId%3D123705001%26objectId%3D183952%26partId%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jameelcentre.ashmolean.org/collection/6980/9856/0/15059">"Wrestlers exercising, illustrating the musical mode Deshakh Ragini"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wrestlers+exercising%2C+illustrating+the+musical+mode+Deshakh+Ragini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjameelcentre.ashmolean.org%2Fcollection%2F6980%2F9856%2F0%2F15059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeffernan2016" class="citation thesis cs1">Heffernan, Conor (2016-07-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261930"><i>Indian club swinging in nineteenth and twentieth-century India and England</i></a> (MPhil thesis). Faculty of History, University of Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17863%2FCAM.7166">10.17863/CAM.7166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Indian+club+swinging+in+nineteenth+and+twentieth-century+India+and+England&rft.degree=MPhil&rft.inst=Faculty+of+History%2C+University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=2016-07-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17863%2FCAM.7166&rft.aulast=Heffernan&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repository.cam.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F1810%2F261930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPankhurst2015" class="citation book cs1">Pankhurst, Emmeline (2015-09-24). <i>My own story</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BarBend&rft.atitle=The+Surprising+Benefits+of+Club+Training+for+Strength+-+BarBend&rft.date=2016-11-15&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbarbend.com%2Fsurprising-benefits-club-training-strength%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_2004-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_2004_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3647621.stm">"Muscular Shias return to roots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 22 April 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Muscular+Shias+return+to+roots&rft.date=2004-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F3647621.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924026906168"><i>Specimens of the Popular Poetry of Persia: As Found in the Adventures and Improvisations of Kurroglou, the Bandit-minstrel of Northern Persia and in the Songs of the People Inhabiting the Shores of the Caspian Sea</i></a>. Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. 1842. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924026906168/page/n474">457</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Specimens+of+the+Popular+Poetry+of+Persia%3A+As+Found+in+the+Adventures+and+Improvisations+of+Kurroglou%2C+the+Bandit-minstrel+of+Northern+Persia+and+in+the+Songs+of+the+People+Inhabiting+the+Shores+of+the+Caspian+Sea&rft.pages=457&rft.pub=Oriental+Translation+Fund+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.date=1842&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924026906168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+club" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihpra.org/war_clubs.htm">Club History</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_club&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Meels">Meels</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semlyen.net/cosmosjugglers/lib/contents.htm"><i>Modern Club Swinging and Pole Spinning: Free Downloadable Book</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dd>*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semlyen.net/cosmosjugglers/lib/bibcs.htm">Club Swinging Bibliography</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFsQeDFbptc">Documentary video of Iranian Club Swinging</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejmas.com/pt/ptart_lewis_1101.htm"><i>Exercises with Clubs</i>, by Dio Lewis, M.D., 1862</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejmas.com/pt/dandfclub.html">Indian Club Exercises from <i>Athletic Sports for Boys</i>, by Dick and Fitzgerald, 1866</a></dd> <dd>*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejmas.com/pt/ptart_dick_0101.htm"><i>Dick's Indian-Club Exercises</i>, 1887</a></dd> <dd>*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejmas.com/pt/ptart_ymca_0401.htm"><i>Gymnastic Nomenclature for Apparatus and Indian Club Movements</i>, 1949</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indianclubsdumbb00doug"><i>Indian clubs and dumb bells</i>, by J H Dougherty, 1901</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Juggling" title="Juggling">Juggling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Object_manipulation" title="Object manipulation">object manipulation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Juggling_pattern" title="Juggling pattern">Patterns</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Forms_of_juggling" title="Forms of juggling">forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_(juggling)" title="Box (juggling)">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_(juggling)" title="Cascade (juggling)">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claw_(juggling)" title="Claw (juggling)">Claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columns_(juggling)" title="Columns (juggling)">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(juggling)" title="Flash (juggling)">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(juggling)" title="Fountain (juggling)">Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana_(juggling)" title="Havana (juggling)">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joggling" title="Joggling">Joggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jollyball" title="Jollyball">Jollyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills%27_Mess" title="Mills' Mess">Mills' Mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(juggling)" title="Multiplex (juggling)">Multiplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_notation" title="Juggling notation">Notation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siteswap" title="Siteswap">Siteswap</a>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_siteswaps" title="List of siteswaps">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_(juggling)" title="Passing (juggling)">Passing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubenstein%27s_Revenge" title="Rubenstein's Revenge">Rubenstein's Revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shower_(juggling)" title="Shower (juggling)">Shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toss_juggling" title="Toss juggling">Toss</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indian_club" title="Indian club"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Indian_clubs.jpg/60px-Indian_clubs.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Indian_clubs.jpg/90px-Indian_clubs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Indian_clubs.jpg/120px-Indian_clubs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1928" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_skill_toys" title="List of skill toys">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_ball" title="Juggling ball">Ball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bean_bag" title="Bean bag">Bean bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouncy_ball" title="Bouncy ball">Bouncy ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacky_sack" title="Hacky sack">Hacky sack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cigar_box_(juggling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cigar box (juggling)">Cigar box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_club" title="Juggling club">Club</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup-and-ball" title="Cup-and-ball">Cup-and-ball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kendama" title="Kendama">Kendama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_dance" title="Fan dance">Fan dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerboard_(skateboard)" title="Fingerboard (skateboard)">Fingerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagging_dance" title="Flagging dance">Flagging dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_throwing" title="Flag throwing">Flag throwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat_manipulation" title="Hat manipulation">Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzi" title="Jianzi">Jianzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife_juggling" title="Knife juggling">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_spinning" title="Plate spinning">Plate spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_ring" title="Juggling ring">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torch_(juggling)" title="Torch (juggling)">Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_roping" title="Trick roping">Trick roping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups<br />and <a href="/wiki/Juggling_convention" title="Juggling convention">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_convention" title="Juggling convention">Juggling Conventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Circus_Arts_Festival" title="Bay Area Circus Arts Festival">BACAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Juggling_Convention" title="British Juggling Convention">BJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Juggling_Convention" title="European Juggling Convention">EJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Juggling_Convention" title="Israeli Juggling Convention">IJC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_competition" title="Juggling competition">Competitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combat_(juggling)" title="Combat (juggling)">Combat juggling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jugglers%27_Association" title="International Jugglers' Association">IJA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_Information_Service" title="Juggling Information Service">JIS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_world_records" title="Juggling world records">JISCON</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_show" title="Renegade show">Renegade show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Juggling_Federation" title="World Juggling Federation">WJF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balance_(ability)" title="Balance (ability)">Balance</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Twirling" title="Twirling">twirling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrojax" title="Astrojax">Astrojax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskimo_yo-yo" title="Eskimo yo-yo">Alaskan yo-yo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_twirling" title="Baton twirling">Baton twirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabolo" title="Diabolo">Chinese yo-yo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo-copter" title="Bamboo-copter">Chinese top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_manipulation" title="Coin manipulation">Coin manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_juggling" title="Contact juggling">Contact juggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_sticks" title="Devil sticks">Devil sticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_fan" title="Fire fan">Fire fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_staff" title="Fire staff">Fire staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flair_bartending" title="Flair bartending">Flair bartending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooping" title="Hooping">Hooping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoop_rolling" title="Hoop rolling">Hoop rolling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemari" title="Kemari">Kemari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(juggling)" title="Meteor (juggling)">Meteor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keepie_uppie" title="Keepie uppie">Keepie uppie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_spinning" title="Pen spinning">Pen spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">Poi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poi_definitions" title="Poi definitions">tricks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_top" title="Spinning top">Top</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rattleback" title="Rattleback">Rattleback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-yo" title="Yo-yo">Yo-yo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_juggling_culture" title="Modern juggling culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_juggling" title="History of juggling">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_in_ancient_China" title="Juggling in ancient China">Ancient China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jugglers" title="List of jugglers">Jugglers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_robot" title="Juggling robot">Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Juggling terminology">Terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_world_records" title="Juggling world records">World records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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