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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>National flags</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-National_flags-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle National flags subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-National_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Civil flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>War flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>International flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maritime_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maritime_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Maritime flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maritime_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shapes_and_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shapes_and_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Shapes and designs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Shapes_and_designs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Shapes and designs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Shapes_and_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parts_of_a_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parts_of_a_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Parts of a flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parts_of_a_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vertical_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vertical_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Vertical flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vertical_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religious flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_and_political_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_and_political_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Diplomatic and political flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_and_political_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Personal flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vehicle_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicle_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vehicle flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vehicle_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swimming_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swimming_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Swimming flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swimming_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Railway flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flagpoles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flagpoles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Flagpoles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flagpoles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flagpoles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flagpoles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Record_heights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Record_heights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Record heights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Record_heights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoisting_the_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoisting_the_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Hoisting the flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoisting_the_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flags_in_communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flags_in_communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Flags in communication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flags_in_communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 176 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag" title="Vlag – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vlag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagge" title="Flagge – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Flagge" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%85_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%8B%E1%88%9B" title="ሰንደቅ ዓላማ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰንደቅ ዓላማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9F" title="Абираҟ – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абираҟ" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_(%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="علم (راية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم (راية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera" title="Bandera – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bandera" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܐܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D6%80%D6%85%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Դրօշակ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Դրօշակ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flambur%C3%A3" title="Flamburã – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Flamburã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drap%C3%A9l" title="Drapél – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Drapél" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera" title="Bandera – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bandera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poyvi" title="Poyvi – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Poyvi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayraq" title="Bayraq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bayraq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="بايراق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بايراق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="পতাকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পতাকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AE-chh%C3%AC" title="Kî-chhì – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kî-chhì" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Байраҡ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Байраҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3" title="Сцяг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сцяг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3" title="Сьцяг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьцяг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="झंडा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="झंडा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagayway" title="Wagayway – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Wagayway" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Знаме – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Знаме" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahn" title="Fahn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Fahn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava" title="Zastava – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zastava" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banniel" title="Banniel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Banniel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera" title="Bandera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bandera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Ялав – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ялав" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlajka" title="Vlajka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vlajka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera" title="Bandera – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Bandera" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baner" title="Baner – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Baner" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag" title="Flag – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faahne" title="Faahne – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Faahne" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagge" title="Flagge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flagge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipp" title="Lipp – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lipp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σημαία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σημαία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera" title="Bandera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bandera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flago" title="Flago – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flago" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera" title="Bandera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bandera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85" title="پرچم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرچم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhanda" title="Jhanda – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jhanda" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B8gg" title="Fløgg – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fløgg" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapeau" title="Drapeau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Drapeau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagge" title="Flagge – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Flagge" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratach" title="Bratach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bratach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brattagh" title="Brattagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Brattagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira" title="Bandeira – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bandeira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85" title="Байракх – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Байракх" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%DB%8A%D9%82" title="بيدۊق – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="بيدۊق" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0_(%EC%83%81%EC%A7%95)" title="기 (상징) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기 (상징)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hae" title="Hae – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hae" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B7" title="Դրոշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դրոշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="ध्वज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ध्वज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava" title="Zastava – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zastava" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardo" title="Standardo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Standardo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera" title="Bendera – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bendera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandiera" title="Bandiera – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bandiera" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%B4%E1%90%83%E1%92%BB%E1%92%AA%E1%91%8E" title="ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Тырыса – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тырыса" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1ni" title="Fáni – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fáni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandiera" title="Bandiera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bandiera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C" title="דגל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דגל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gend%C3%A9ra" title="Gendéra – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gendéra" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfalasoq" title="Erfalasoq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Erfalasoq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F" title="ಬಾವುಟ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾವುಟ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera" title="Bandera – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Bandera" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Байракъ – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Байракъ" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="დროშა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დროშა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fana" title="Fana – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Fana" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83" title="Ту – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ту" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibendera" title="Ibendera – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ibendera" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera" title="Bendera – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bendera" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%A7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Дӧрапас – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Дӧрапас" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapo" title="Drapo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Drapo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala" title="Ala – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ala" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%83" title="Туу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Туу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8A" title="Ттугъ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ттугъ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexillum" title="Vexillum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vexillum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karogs" title="Karogs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karogs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%80" title="ТӀаратӀ – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="ТӀаратӀ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97liava" title="Vėliava – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vėliava" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%9Bnd%C9%9B%CC%81l%C9%9B" title="Bɛndɛ́lɛ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bɛndɛ́lɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagu" title="Flagu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Flagu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1szl%C3%B3" title="Zászló – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zászló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Знаме – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Знаме" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95" title="പതാക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പതാക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="ध्वज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ध्वज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="შილა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შილა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_(%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2)" title="علم (رمز) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم (رمز)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera" title="Bendera – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bendera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AC" title="Gì – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gì" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira" title="Bandeira – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bandeira" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B6" title="အလံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အလံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuila" title="Kuila – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kuila" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag" title="Vlag – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vlag" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlagge" title="Vlagge – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vlagge" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="झन्डा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="झन्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="ध्वांय् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ध्वांय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%97" title="旗 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="旗" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85" title="Байракх – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Байракх" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagg" title="Flagg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flagg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagg" title="Flagg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Flagg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couleu" title="Couleu – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Couleu" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flage" title="Flage – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Flage" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandi%C3%A8ra" title="Bandièra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bandièra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Тисте – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тисте" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayroq" title="Bayroq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bayroq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9D%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਝੰਡਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਝੰਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%BE%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="جھنڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جھنڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F" title="အလံႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အလံႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera" title="Bandera – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bandera" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="بیرغ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بیرغ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="ទង់ជាតិ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទង់ជាតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaga" title="Flaga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Flaga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira" title="Bandeira – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bandeira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayraq" title="Bayraq – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bayraq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapel" title="Drapel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drapel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laphara" title="Laphara – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Laphara" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Прапор – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Прапор" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Флаг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флаг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Былаах – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Былаах" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/hata" title="hata – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="hata" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%CA%BBa" title="Fuʻa – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Fuʻa" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%83" title="ध्वजः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ध्वजः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱪᱤᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱤᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamuri" title="Flamuri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Flamuri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannera" title="Bannera – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bannera" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92" title="කොඩි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොඩි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag" title="Flag – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flag" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%88" title="جهنڊو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جهنڊو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlajka" title="Vlajka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlajka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava" title="Zastava – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zastava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%A7" title="Ꙁнамѧ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙁнамѧ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fana" title="Fana – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fana" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calan" title="Calan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Calan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%A7" title="ئاڵا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاڵا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Застава – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Застава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava" title="Zastava – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zastava" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%C3%A9ra" title="Bandéra – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bandéra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippu" title="Lippu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lippu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagga" title="Flagga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flagga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watawat" title="Watawat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Watawat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="கொடி (சின்னம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொடி (சின்னம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annay" title="Annay – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Annay" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Байрак – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Байрак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="တုင်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="တုင်း" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పతాకం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పతాకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%87" title="ธง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B4%E1%88%AB" title="ባንዴራ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ባንዴራ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Парчам – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Парчам" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%98" title="ᎦᏓᏘ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏓᏘ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooh%C3%AB%C3%B6%27o" title="Hoohëö'o – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Hoohëö'o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayrak" title="Bayrak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bayrak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C3%BDdak" title="Baýdak – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Baýdak" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyiang_a%CC%B1toot_shi" title="Tyiang a̱toot shi – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Tyiang a̱toot shi" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Тук – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Тук" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Прапор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прапор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85" title="پرچم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرچم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiz" title="Geiz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Geiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandiera" title="Bandiera – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bandiera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1_c%E1%BB%9D" title="Lá cờ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lá cờ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4n" title="Stän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Stän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipp" title="Lipp – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lipp" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapea" title="Drapea – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Drapea" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panteera" title="Panteera – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Panteera" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandira" title="Bandira – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bandira" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%97%E5%B8%9C" title="旗帜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="旗帜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F" title="פאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80s%C3%AC%C3%A1" title="Àsìá – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àsìá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%97" title="旗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="旗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmale" title="Desmale – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Desmale" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%97%E5%B9%9F" title="旗幟 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="旗幟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egop" title="Egop – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Egop" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondira" title="Bondira – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Bondira" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asya" title="Asya – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Asya" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menira" title="Menira – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Menira" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flag" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Flag" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14660" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Piece of fabric with a distinctive design and colours</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Flag_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Flag (disambiguation)">Flag (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_Flags_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/United_Nations_Flags_-_cropped.jpg/330px-United_Nations_Flags_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/United_Nations_Flags_-_cropped.jpg/500px-United_Nations_Flags_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/United_Nations_Flags_-_cropped.jpg/960px-United_Nations_Flags_-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4384" data-file-height="2923" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> members' <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flags</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lenini_m%C3%A4etipp_(J._K%C3%BCnnap).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lenini_m%C3%A4etipp_%28J._K%C3%BCnnap%29.jpg/330px-Lenini_m%C3%A4etipp_%28J._K%C3%BCnnap%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lenini_m%C3%A4etipp_%28J._K%C3%BCnnap%29.jpg/500px-Lenini_m%C3%A4etipp_%28J._K%C3%BCnnap%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lenini_m%C3%A4etipp_%28J._K%C3%BCnnap%29.jpg/960px-Lenini_m%C3%A4etipp_%28J._K%C3%BCnnap%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4444" data-file-height="2883" /></a><figcaption>Setting up a flag could also possess the meaning of conquering something. <a href="/wiki/Jaan_K%C3%BCnnap" title="Jaan Künnap">Jaan Künnap</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Estonia" title="Flag of Estonia">flag of Estonia</a> at the top of <a href="/wiki/Lenin_Peak" title="Lenin Peak">Lenin Peak</a> (7,134 m [23,406 feet]) in 1989.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>flag</b> is a piece of <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">fabric</a> (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design. It is used as a <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbol</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Signalling" class="mw-redirect" title="Signalling">signalling</a> device, or for decoration. The term <i>flag</i> is also used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">graphic design</a> employed, and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_flag" title="Maritime flag">maritime environment</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">semaphore</a> is used). Many flags fall into groups of similar designs called <a href="/wiki/Flag_families" title="Flag families">flag families</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study of flags is known as "<a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">vexillology</a>" from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">vexillum</i></span>, meaning "flag" or "<a href="/wiki/Banner" title="Banner">banner</a>". </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flags</a> are <a href="/wiki/Patriotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotic">patriotic</a> symbols with widely varied interpretations that often include strong <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> associations because of their original and ongoing use for that purpose. Flags are also used in <a href="/wiki/Messaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Messaging">messaging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>, or for <a href="/wiki/Decorative" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorative">decorative</a> purposes. </p><p>Some military units are called "flags" after their use of flags. A <i>flag</i> (Arabic: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">لواء</span></span>) is equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> in Arab countries. In Spain, a <i>flag</i> (Spanish: <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">bandera</i></span></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a>-equivalent in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Legion" title="Spanish Legion">Spanish Legion</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_flags" title="History of flags">History of flags</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_flag,_Shadad_Kerman,_Iran.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bronze_flag%2C_Shadad_Kerman%2C_Iran.JPG/250px-Bronze_flag%2C_Shadad_Kerman%2C_Iran.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bronze_flag%2C_Shadad_Kerman%2C_Iran.JPG/255px-Bronze_flag%2C_Shadad_Kerman%2C_Iran.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Bronze_flag%2C_Shadad_Kerman%2C_Iran.JPG 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Bronze flag Derafsh Shahdad found in <a href="/wiki/Shahdad" title="Shahdad">Shahdad</a>, Iran, third millennium BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of the flag is unknown<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it remains unclear when the first flag was raised.<sup id="cite_ref-archive.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ships with vexilloids were represented on predynastic Egyptian pottery <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3500 BC</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-archive.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In antiquity, <a href="/wiki/Field_sign" title="Field sign">field signs</a> that can be categorised as <a href="/wiki/Vexilloid" title="Vexilloid">vexilloid</a> or "flag-like" were used in warfare, originating in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a> or <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid">Sassanid</a> battle standard <a href="/wiki/Derafsh_Kaviani" title="Derafsh Kaviani">Derafsh Kaviani</a>, and the standards of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">Roman legions</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Aquila_(Roman)" title="Aquila (Roman)">eagle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Caesar">Augustus Caesar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Legio_X_Fretensis" title="Legio X Fretensis">Xth legion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Draconarius" title="Draconarius">dragon standard</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a>; the latter was allowed to fly freely in the wind, carried by a horseman, but depictions suggest that it bore more similarity to an elongated <a href="/wiki/Dragon_kite" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon kite">dragon kite</a> than to a simple flag. </p><p>While the origin of the flag remains a mystery, the oldest flag discovered is made of bronze: a <a href="/wiki/Derafsh" title="Derafsh">Derafsh</a> or 'flag-like' Shahdad, which was found in <a href="/wiki/Shahdad" title="Shahdad">Shahdad</a>, Iran, and dates back to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2400 BC</span>. It features a seated man and a kneeling woman facing each other, with a star in between. This iconography was found in other Iranian Bronze Age pieces of art.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Flags made of cloth were almost certainly<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the invention of the ancient peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient China">Ancient China</a>. Chinese flags had iconography such as a red bird, a white tiger, or a blue dragon, and royal flags were to be treated with a level of respect similar to that given to the ruler. Indian flags were often triangular and decorated with attachments such as a <a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">yak</a>'s tail and the state umbrella.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The term ''state umbrella'' needs explanation. (July 2023)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Silk flags either spread to the Near East from China or it was just the <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> itself, later fashioned by people who had independently conceptualized a rectangular cloth attached to a pole.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flags were probably transmitted to Europe via the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>, where plainly coloured flags were used due to <a href="/wiki/Aniconism_in_Islam" title="Aniconism in Islam">Islamic proscriptions</a>. They are often mentioned in the early history of Islam and may have been copied from India.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Europe, during the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>, flags came to be used primarily as a <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_flag" title="Heraldic flag">heraldic device</a> in battle, allowing easier identification of a knight over only the heraldic icon painted on the shield. Already during the high medieval period, and increasingly during the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_state" class="mw-redirect" title="City state">city states</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medieval_commune" title="Medieval commune">communes</a> such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> also began to use flags as field signs. Regimental flags for individual units became commonplace during the <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern period">Early Modern period</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sujagi_(1871).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sujagi_%281871%29.jpg/170px-Sujagi_%281871%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sujagi_%281871%29.jpg/255px-Sujagi_%281871%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sujagi_%281871%29.jpg/340px-Sujagi_%281871%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4008" data-file-height="4513" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Sujagi" title="Sujagi">Sujagi</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Eo_Jae-yeon" title="Eo Jae-yeon">Eo Jae-yeon</a>, captured in 1871</figcaption></figure> <p>During the peak of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_sail" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of sail">sailing age</a>, beginning in the early 17th century, it was customary (and later a legal requirement) for ships to fly flags designating their nationality;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these flags eventually evolved into the national flags and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime flags">maritime flags</a> of today. Flags also became the preferred means of <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communications</a> at sea, resulting in various systems of flag signals; <i>see, <a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">International maritime signal flags</a></i>. </p><p>Use of flags beyond a military or naval context began with the rise of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> by the end of the 18th century, although some flags date back earlier. The flags of countries such as Austria, Denmark or Turkey have legendary origins while many others, including those of Poland and Switzerland, grew out of the heraldic emblems of the Middle Ages. The 17th century saw the birth of several <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flags</a> through revolutionary struggle. One of these was the flag of the Netherlands, which appeared during the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">80-year Dutch rebellion</a> which began in 1568 against Spanish domination.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Political change and social reform, allied with a growing sense of nationhood among ordinary people, led to the creation of new nations and flags all over the world in the 19th and 20th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_flags">National flags</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flag</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flags_at_half-staff_outside_Central_Plaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flags_at_half-staff_outside_Central_Plaza.jpg/250px-Flags_at_half-staff_outside_Central_Plaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flags_at_half-staff_outside_Central_Plaza.jpg/330px-Flags_at_half-staff_outside_Central_Plaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flags_at_half-staff_outside_Central_Plaza.jpg/500px-Flags_at_half-staff_outside_Central_Plaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Flags at <a href="/wiki/Half-mast" title="Half-mast">half-mast</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Central_Plaza,_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Plaza, Hong Kong">Central Plaza, Hong Kong</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/2008_Sichuan_earthquake" title="2008 Sichuan earthquake">2008 Sichuan earthquake</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Flag of Saudi Arabia">Flag of Saudi Arabia</a> is exempted.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeting_Place_Monument.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Meeting_Place_Monument.JPG/250px-Meeting_Place_Monument.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Meeting_Place_Monument.JPG/330px-Meeting_Place_Monument.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Meeting_Place_Monument.JPG/500px-Meeting_Place_Monument.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2662" /></a><figcaption>Tribal flags at Meeting Place Monument/Flag Plaza at the Oklahoma State Capitol</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most popular uses of a flag is to symbolise a <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">country</a>. Some <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flags</a> have been particularly inspirational to other nations, countries, or subnational entities in the design of their own flags. Some prominent examples include: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dannebrog_isams%C3%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dannebrog_isams%C3%B8.jpg/250px-Dannebrog_isams%C3%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dannebrog_isams%C3%B8.jpg/330px-Dannebrog_isams%C3%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dannebrog_isams%C3%B8.jpg/500px-Dannebrog_isams%C3%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The Danish national flag (Dannebrog) waving in <a href="/wiki/Sams%C3%B8" title="Samsø">Samsø</a> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Denmark" title="Flag of Denmark">flag of Denmark</a>, the <i>Dannebrog</i>, is attested in 1478, and is the oldest national flag still in use.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It inspired the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Cross_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Cross Flag">cross design</a> of the other <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Norway" title="Flag of Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden" title="Flag of Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iceland" title="Flag of Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Finland" title="Flag of Finland">Finland</a>, and regional Scandinavian flags for the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Flag of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_%C3%85land" title="Flag of Åland">Åland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sk%C3%A5neland" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Skåneland">Scania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bornholm" title="Flag of Bornholm">Bornholm</a>, as well as flags for the non-Scandinavian <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Shetland" title="Flag of Shetland">Shetland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Orkney" title="Flag of Orkney">Orkney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Netherlands" title="Flag of the Netherlands">flag of the Netherlands</a> is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Tricolour_(flag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricolour (flag)">tricolour</a>. Its three colours of red, white and blue go back to <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>'s time, the ninth century. The coastal region of what today is the Netherlands was then known for its cloth in these colours. Maps from the early 16th century already put flags in these colours next to this region, like Texeira's map of 1520. A century before that, during the 15th century, the three colours were mentioned as the coastal signals for this area, with the three bands straight or diagonal, single or doubled. As <a href="/wiki/State_flag" title="State flag">state flag</a> it first appeared around 1572 as the <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Flag" title="Prince's Flag">Prince's Flag</a> in orange–white–blue. Soon the more famous red–white–blue began appearing, becoming the prevalent version from around 1630. Orange made a comeback during the civil war of the late 18th century, signifying the orangist or pro-<a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">stadtholder</a> party. During World War II the pro-Nazi <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">NSB</a> used it. Any symbolism has been added later to the three colours, although the orange comes from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a>. This use of orange comes from Nassau, which today uses orange-blue, not from Orange, which today uses red-blue. However, the usual way to show the link with the House of Orange-Nassau is the orange pennant above the red-white-blue. It is said that the Dutch Tricolour has inspired<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> many flags but most notably those of Russia, <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_New_York_City" title="Flags of New York City">New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Africa" title="Flag of South Africa">South Africa</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928%E2%80%931994)" title="Flag of South Africa (1928–1994)">1928–94 flag</a> as well the current flag). As the probable inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/Russian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian flag">Russian flag</a>, it is the source too for the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Slavic colours">pan-Slavic colours</a> red, white and blue, adopted by many <a href="/wiki/Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic peoples">Slavic</a> states and peoples as their symbols; examples are <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovakia" title="Flag of Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Serbia" title="Flag of Serbia">Serbia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovenia" title="Flag of Slovenia">Slovenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shelley_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelley-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The national <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">flag of France</a> was designed in 1794. As a forerunner of revolution, France's tricolour flag style has been adopted by other nations. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Belgium" title="Flag of Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ireland" title="Flag of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mexico" title="Flag of Mexico">Mexico</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Union_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Flag</a> (Union Jack) of the United Kingdom is the most commonly used. British colonies typically flew a flag based on one of the ensigns based on this flag, and many former colonies have retained the design to acknowledge their cultural history. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Australia" title="Flag of Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Fiji" title="Flag of Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_Zealand" title="Flag of New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tuvalu" title="Flag of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, and also the Canadian provinces of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Manitoba" title="Flag of Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ontario" title="Flag of Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_British_Columbia" title="Flag of British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, and the American state of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hawaii" title="Flag of Hawaii">Hawaii</a>; <i>see <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_based_on_British_ensigns" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags based on British ensigns">commons:Flags based on British ensigns</a></i>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">flag of the United States</a> is nicknamed <i>The Stars and Stripes</i> or <i>Old Glory</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some nations imitated this flag to symbolise their similarity to the United States or the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Liberia" title="Flag of Liberia">Liberia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Chile" title="Flag of Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Flag of the Republic of China">Taiwan (ROC)</a>, and the French region of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Brittany" title="Flag of Brittany">Brittany</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1975%E2%80%931987).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/500px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ethiopia" title="Flag of Ethiopia">Flag of Ethiopia</a>'s colours inspired the colours of many African national flags.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> was seen as a model by emerging African states of the 1950s and 1960s, as it was one of the oldest independent states in Africa. Accordingly, its <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ethiopia" title="Flag of Ethiopia">flag</a> became the source of the <a href="/wiki/Pan-African_colours" title="Pan-African colours">Pan-African colours</a>, or 'Rasta colours'. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Benin" title="Flag of Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Togo" title="Flag of Togo">Togo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Senegal" title="Flag of Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ghana" title="Flag of Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mali" title="Flag of Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guinea" title="Flag of Guinea">Guinea</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" title="Flag of Turkey">flag of Turkey</a>, which is very similar to the last flag of the old <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, has been an inspiration for the flag designs of many other Muslim nations. During the time of the Ottomans the <a href="/wiki/Crescent" title="Crescent">crescent</a> began to be associated with <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and this is reflected on the flags of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Algeria" title="Flag of Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Azerbaijan" title="Flag of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Comoros" title="Flag of the Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" title="Flag of Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mauritania" title="Flag of Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Pakistan" title="Flag of Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tunisia" title="Flag of Tunisia">Tunisia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Maldives">Maldives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Arab colours">Pan-Arab colours</a>, green, white, red and black, are derived from the flag of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Great Arab Revolt</a> as seen on the flags of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jordan" title="Flag of Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" title="Flag of Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kuwait" title="Flag of Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sudan" title="Flag of Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" title="Flag of Syria">Syria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Flag of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Western Sahara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Egypt" title="Flag of Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iraq" title="Flag of Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Yemen" title="Flag of Yemen">Yemen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian flag">Palestine</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Flag of the Soviet Union">Soviet flag</a>, with its golden symbols of the <a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle" title="Hammer and sickle">hammer and sickle</a> on a red field, was an inspiration to flags of other <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> states, such as <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_East_Germany" title="Flag of East Germany">East Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" title="Flag of Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Angola" title="Flag of Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Afghanistan" title="Flag of Afghanistan">Afghanistan (1978–1980)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mozambique" title="Flag of Mozambique">Mozambique</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Venezuela" title="Flag of Venezuela">flag of Venezuela</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Miranda" title="Francisco de Miranda">Francisco de Miranda</a> to represent the independence movement in Venezuela that later gave birth to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Gran_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a>, inspired the flags of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Colombia" title="Flag of Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ecuador" title="Flag of Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Federal_Territory_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Federal Territory (Malaysia)">Federal Territories in Malaysia</a>, all sharing three bands of yellow, blue and red with the flag of Venezuela.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Argentina" title="Flag of Argentina">flag of Argentina</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Belgrano" title="Manuel Belgrano">Manuel Belgrano</a> during the war of independence, was the inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces of Central America">United Provinces of Central America</a>'s flag, which in turn was the origin for the flags of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guatemala" title="Flag of Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Honduras" title="Flag of Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_El_Salvador" title="Flag of El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nicaragua" title="Flag of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>.</li></ul> <p>National flag designs are often used to signify nationality in other forms, such as <a href="/wiki/Flag_patch" title="Flag patch">flag patches</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_flags">Civil flags</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Civil_flag" title="Civil flag">Civil flag</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:337px;max-width:337px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-right:10px;width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Peru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Civil flag of Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/250px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/330px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="State flag of Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/160px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/320px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The civil and state flags of <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> share the same red and white bands, but only the state flag (right) is <a href="/wiki/Defacement_(flag)" title="Defacement (flag)">defaced</a> with the national ensign.</div></div></div></div> <p>A <i>civil</i> flag is a version of the national flag that is flown by civilians on non-government installations or craft. The use of civil flags was more common in the past, in order to denote buildings or ships that were not crewed by the military. In some countries the civil flag is the same as the <a href="/wiki/War_flag" title="War flag">war flag</a> or <a href="/wiki/State_flag" title="State flag">state flag</a>, but without the coat of arms, such as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Spain</a>, and in others it is an alteration of the war flag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_flags">War flags</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/War_flag" title="War flag">War flag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colours,_standards_and_guidons" class="mw-redirect" title="Colours, standards and guidons">Colours, standards and guidons</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/250px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/330px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/500px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Standard for the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Ensign" title="Royal Air Force Ensign">Ensign of the RAF</a> displays the RAF <a href="/wiki/Roundel" title="Roundel">roundel</a> that is also displayed on the fuselage and wings of British warplanes.</figcaption></figure> <p>Several countries, including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_Ensign" title="White Ensign">White Ensign</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> have had <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">unique flags</a> flown by their <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces">armed forces</a> separately, rather than the <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flag</a>. </p><p>Other countries' armed forces (such as those of the United States or Switzerland) use their standard <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">national flag</a>; in addition, the U.S. has alongside flags and seals designed from long tradition for each of its six uniformed military services/military sub-departments in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a>. The Philippines' armed forces may use their <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">standard national flag</a>, but during times of war the flag is turned upside down. <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bulgaria" title="Flag of Bulgaria">Bulgaria's flag</a> is also turned upside down during times of war. These are also considered war flags, though the terminology only applies to the flag's military usage. </p><p>Large versions of the war flag flown on the <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warships</a> of countries' <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">navies</a> are known as <a href="/wiki/Battle_ensign" title="Battle ensign">battle ensigns</a>. In addition, besides flying the national standard or a military services' emblem flag at a military fort, base, station or post and at sea at the stern (rear) or main top mast of a warship, a <a href="/wiki/Jack_(flag)" title="Jack (flag)">Naval Jack flag</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Maritime_flag" title="Maritime flag">maritime flags</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennant_(commissioning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennant (commissioning)">pennants</a> and emblems are flown at the bow (front). In times of war waving a white flag is a banner of truce, talks/negotiations or surrender. </p><p>Four distinctive African flags currently in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> were flown in action by <a href="/wiki/Itsekiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Itsekiri">Itsekiri</a> ships under the control of <a href="/wiki/Nana_Olomu" title="Nana Olomu">Nana Olomu</a> during the conflict in the late 19th century. One is the flag generally known as the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Benin_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Benin Empire">Benin Empire flag</a> and one is referred to as Nana Olomu's flag.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_flags">International flags</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/500px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">Flag of the United Nations</a>, sky blue field with north polar view looking down on a world map in white with two olive branches wreaths curved around. First version presented April–June 1945 to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations Organization</a> (UNO) at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">San Francisco Conference</a>, second version adopted by the U.N., December 1946</figcaption></figure> <p>Among international flags are the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_symbols#Flag" title="Olympic symbols">Olympic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_NATO" title="Flag of NATO">NATO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_symbols#Flag" title="Paralympic symbols">Paralympic flags</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maritime_flags">Maritime flags</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maritime_flag" title="Maritime flag">Maritime flag</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arndt_Flag_Tallinn_31_July_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Arndt_Flag_Tallinn_31_July_2014.JPG/250px-Arndt_Flag_Tallinn_31_July_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Arndt_Flag_Tallinn_31_July_2014.JPG/330px-Arndt_Flag_Tallinn_31_July_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Arndt_Flag_Tallinn_31_July_2014.JPG/500px-Arndt_Flag_Tallinn_31_July_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ensign_(flag)" title="Ensign (flag)">Ensigns</a> are flown on boats to indicate the country of registration of the boat.</figcaption></figure> <p>Flags are particularly important at sea, where they can mean the difference between life and death, and consequently where the rules and regulations for the flying of flags are strictly enforced. A national flag flown at sea is known as an <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(flag)" title="Ensign (flag)">ensign</a>. A courteous, peaceable <a href="/wiki/Merchant_navy" title="Merchant navy">merchant ship</a> or <a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">yacht</a> customarily flies its ensign (in the usual ensign position), together with the flag of whatever nation it is currently visiting at the mast (known as a <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtesy flag">courtesy flag</a>). To fly one's ensign alone in foreign waters, a foreign port or in the face of a foreign warship traditionally indicates a willingness to fight, with <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a>, for the right to do so. As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, this custom is still taken seriously by many naval and port authorities and is readily enforced in many parts of the world by boarding, confiscation and other civil penalties. In some countries <a href="/wiki/Yacht_ensign" title="Yacht ensign">yacht ensigns</a> are different from merchant ensigns in order to signal that the yacht is not carrying <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">cargo</a> that requires a <a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">customs</a> declaration. Carrying commercial cargo on a boat with a yacht ensign is deemed to be <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a> in many jurisdictions. Traditionally, a vessel flying under the courtesy flag of a specific nation, regardless of the vessel's country of registry, is considered to be operating under the law of her 'host' nation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Kilo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICS_Kilo.svg/220px-ICS_Kilo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICS_Kilo.svg/330px-ICS_Kilo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICS_Kilo.svg/440px-ICS_Kilo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The international maritime signal flag <i>Kilo</i> (letter <i>K</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a system of <a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">international maritime signal flags</a> for numerals and letters of the alphabet. Each flag or pennant has a specific meaning when flown individually. As well, <a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">semaphore flags</a> can be used to communicate on an <i>ad hoc</i> basis from ship to ship over short distances. </p><p>Another category of maritime flag flown by some <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States government</a> ships is the <a href="/wiki/Distinctive_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinctive mark">distinctive mark</a>. Although the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> has its own service ensign, all other U.S. government ships fly the national ensign as their service ensign, following <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> practice. To distinguish themselves from ships of the Navy, such ships historically have flown their parent organisation's flag from a forward mast as a distinctive mark. Today, for example, commissioned ships of the <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA) fly the <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration#Flag" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA flag</a> as a distinctive mark. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shapes_and_designs">Shapes and designs</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nepal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/250px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/330px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/500px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nepal" title="Flag of Nepal">flag of Nepal</a>, a non-rectangular flag that is a <a href="/wiki/Pennon" title="Pennon">double-pennon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ohio.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/250px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/330px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/500px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>The Ohio flag, a <a href="/wiki/Pennon" title="Pennon">pennon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mauritania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/250px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/330px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/500px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mauritania" title="Flag of Mauritania">flag of Mauritania</a>, a yellow crescent and star on a green field between two red stripes.</figcaption></figure> <p>Flags are usually rectangular in shape (often in the ratio 2:3, 1:2, or 3:5), but may be of any shape or size that is practical for flying, including square, triangular, or swallow tailed. A more unusual flag shape is that of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nepal" title="Flag of Nepal">flag of Nepal</a>, which is in the shape of two stacked triangles. Other unusually shaped flags include the civil flags of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ohio" title="Flag of Ohio">Ohio</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Swallowtail_(flag)" title="Swallowtail (flag)">swallowtail</a>); <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tampa,_Florida" title="Flag of Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Ohio" title="Pike County, Ohio">Pike County, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many flags are dyed through and through to be inexpensive to manufacture, such that the reverse side is the <a href="/wiki/Mirror_image" title="Mirror image">mirror image</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Obverse" class="mw-redirect" title="Obverse">obverse</a> (front) side, generally the side displayed when, from the observer's point of view, the flag flies from pole-side left to right. This presents two possibilities: </p> <ol><li>If the design is <a href="/wiki/Symmetric" class="mw-redirect" title="Symmetric">symmetrical</a> in an axis parallel to the flag pole, obverse and reverse will be identical despite the mirror-reversal, such as the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">Indian Flag</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">Canadian Flag</a></li> <li>If not, the obverse and reverse will present two variants of the same design, one with the <a href="/wiki/Flag_terminology#Description_of_standard_flag_parts_and_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag terminology">hoist</a> on the left (usually considered the obverse side), the other with the hoist on the right (usually considered the reverse side of the flag). This is very common and usually not disturbing if there is no text in the design.</li></ol> <p>Some complex flag designs are not intended to be shown on both sides, requiring separate obverse and reverse sides if made correctly. In these cases there is a design element (usually text) which is not symmetric and should be read in the same direction, regardless of whether the hoist is to the viewer's left or right. These cases can be divided into two types: </p> <ol><li>The same (asymmetric) design may be duplicated on both sides. Such flags can be manufactured by creating two identical through and through flags and then sewing them back to back, though this can affect the resulting combination's responsiveness to the wind. Depictions of such flags may be marked with the symbol <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Equal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/IFIS_Equal.svg/21px-IFIS_Equal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/IFIS_Equal.svg/32px-IFIS_Equal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/IFIS_Equal.svg/42px-IFIS_Equal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span>, indicating the reverse is congruent to (rather than a mirror image of) the obverse.</li> <li>Rarely, the reverse design may differ, in whole or in part, from that of the obverse. Examples of <a href="/wiki/Flags_whose_reverse_differs_from_the_obverse" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags whose reverse differs from the obverse">flags whose reverse differs from the obverse</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Paraguay" title="Flag of Paraguay">flag of Paraguay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Oregon" title="Flag of Oregon">flag of Oregon</a>, and the historical <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Flag of the Soviet Union">flag of the Soviet Union</a>. Depictions of such flags may be marked with the symbol <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Two-sided.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/IFIS_Two-sided.svg/21px-IFIS_Two-sided.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/IFIS_Two-sided.svg/32px-IFIS_Two-sided.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/IFIS_Two-sided.svg/42px-IFIS_Two-sided.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="13" /></a></span>.</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kiribati.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/220px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/330px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/440px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kiribati" title="Flag of Kiribati">flag of Kiribati</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Banner_of_arms" title="Banner of arms">banner of arms</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Common designs on flags include crosses, stripes, and divisions of the surface, or <i>field</i>, into bands or quarters—patterns and principles mainly derived from <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a>. A heraldic coat of arms may also be flown as a <a href="/wiki/Banner#Heraldic_banners" title="Banner">banner of arms</a>, as is done on both the state <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Maryland" title="Flag of Maryland">flag of Maryland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kiribati" title="Flag of Kiribati">flag of Kiribati</a>. </p><p>The <i>de jure</i> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" title="Flag of Libya">flag of Libya</a> under <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, which consisted of a rectangular field of green, was for a long period the only national flag using a single colour and no design or insignia. However, other historical states have also used flags without designs or insignia, such as the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Soviet Republic of Hungary</a> and the more recent <a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Sultanate of Muscat and Oman</a>, whose flags were both a plain field of red. </p><p>Colours are normally described with common names, such as "red", but may be further specified using <a href="/wiki/Colorimetry" title="Colorimetry">colourimetry</a>. </p><p>The largest flag flown from a flagpole worldwide, according to Guinness World Records, is the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Flag of the United Arab Emirates">flag of the United Arab Emirates</a> flown in <a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a>. This flag was 2,448.56 m<sup>2</sup> (26,356.1 sq ft).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest flag ever made was the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Qatar" title="Flag of Qatar">flag of Qatar</a>; the flag, which measures at 101,978 m<sup>2</sup> (1,097,680 sq ft), was completed in December 2013 in <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parts_of_a_flag">Parts of a flag</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_vexillology" title="Glossary of vexillology">Glossary of vexillology</a></div> <p>The general parts of a flag are: canton (the upper inner section of the flag), field or ground (the entire flag except the canton), the hoist (the edge used to attach the flag to the hoist), and the fly (the furthest edge from the hoist end).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vertical_flags">Vertical flags</h3></div> <p>Vertical flags are sometimes used in lieu of the standard horizontal flag in central and eastern Europe, particularly in the German-speaking countries. This practice came about because the relatively brisk wind needed to display horizontal flags is not common in these countries.<sup id="cite_ref-DGF_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGF-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_Types.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_Types.svg/330px-Flag_Types.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_Types.svg/500px-Flag_Types.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_Types.svg/960px-Flag_Types.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1509" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The standard <b>horizontal flag</b> (no. 1 in the preceding illustration) is nonetheless the form most often used even in these countries.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NTB-Buchs-Campus_with_national_and_international_flags.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NTB-Buchs-Campus_with_national_and_international_flags.jpg/250px-NTB-Buchs-Campus_with_national_and_international_flags.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NTB-Buchs-Campus_with_national_and_international_flags.jpg/330px-NTB-Buchs-Campus_with_national_and_international_flags.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NTB-Buchs-Campus_with_national_and_international_flags.jpg/500px-NTB-Buchs-Campus_with_national_and_international_flags.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Vertical flags seen in Switzerland</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>vertical flag</b> (German: <i>Hochformatflagge</i> or <i>Knatterflagge</i>; no. 2) is a vertical form of the standard flag. The flag's design may remain unchanged (No. 2a) or it may change, e.g. by changing horizontal stripes to vertical ones (no. 2b). If the flag carries an emblem, it may remain centred or may be shifted slightly upwards.<sup id="cite_ref-DGF_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGF-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>vertical flag for hoisting from a beam</b> (German: <i>Auslegerflagge</i> or <i>Galgenflagge</i>; no. 3) is additionally attached to a horizontal beam, ensuring that it is fully displayed even if there is no wind.<sup id="cite_ref-DGF_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGF-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>vertical flag for hoisting from a horizontal pole</b> (German: <i>Hängeflagge</i>; no. 4) is hoisted from a horizontal pole, normally attached to a building. The topmost stripe on the horizontal version of the flag faces away from the building.<sup id="cite_ref-DGF_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGF-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>vertical flag for hoisting from a crossbar</b> or <a href="/wiki/Banner" title="Banner">banner</a> (German: <i>Bannerflagge</i>; no. 5) is firmly attached to a horizontal crossbar from which it is hoisted, either by a vertical pole (no. 5a) or a horizontal one (no. 5b). The topmost stripe on the horizontal version of the flag normally faces to the left.<sup id="cite_ref-DGF_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGF-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_flags">Religious flags</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_national_symbols" title="Religion in national symbols">Religion in national symbols</a></div> <p>Flags can play many different roles in religion. In <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prayer_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer flags">prayer flags</a> are used, usually in sets of five differently coloured flags. Several flags and banners including the <a href="/wiki/Black_Standard" title="Black Standard">Black Standard</a> are <a href="/wiki/Islamic_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic flags">associated with Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_national_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in national flags">national flags</a> and other flags include religious symbols such as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_with_Christian_symbolism" title="List of flags with Christian symbolism">cross</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Star_and_crescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Star and crescent">crescent</a>, or a reference to a patron saint.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flags are also adopted by religious groups and flags such as the <a href="/wiki/Jain_flag" title="Jain flag">Jain flag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nishan_Sahib" title="Nishan Sahib">Nishan Sahib</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Bhagwa_Dhwaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagwa Dhwaj">Saffron flag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian flag">Christian flag</a> are used to represent a whole religion.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pro2.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poland (Gorzów Wlkp.). Religious flags"><img alt="Poland (Gorzów Wlkp.). Religious flags" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pro2.2.jpg/120px-Pro2.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pro2.2.jpg/250px-Pro2.2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="797" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Poland (Gorzów Wlkp.). Religious flags</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian flag adopted by several Protestant denominations"><img alt="Christian flag adopted by several Protestant denominations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Christian_flag.svg/120px-Christian_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Christian_flag.svg/250px-Christian_flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Christian flag</a> adopted by several <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> denominations</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:In-jain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jain flag (on occasion, the bottom black bar is replaced with a dark blue one)"><img alt="Jain flag (on occasion, the bottom black bar is replaced with a dark blue one)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/In-jain.svg/120px-In-jain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/In-jain.svg/250px-In-jain.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jain_flag" title="Jain flag">Jain flag</a> (on occasion, the bottom black bar is replaced with a dark blue one)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Buddhism.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buddhist flag"><img alt="Buddhist flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/120px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/250px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag">Buddhist flag</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nishan_Sahib.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nishan Sahib (the Sikh flag)"><img alt="Nishan Sahib (the Sikh flag)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nishan_Sahib.svg/120px-Nishan_Sahib.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nishan_Sahib.svg/180px-Nishan_Sahib.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nishan_Sahib.svg/240px-Nishan_Sahib.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="418" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nishan_Sahib" title="Nishan Sahib">Nishan Sahib</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> flag)</div> </li> </ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="sport"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_sports">In sports</h2></div> <p>Because of their ease of signalling and identification, flags are often used in <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a>. </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assistant_referee_(association_football)" title="Assistant referee (association football)">linesmen</a> carry small flags along the touch lines. They use the flags to indicate to the <a href="/wiki/Referee_(Football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Referee (Football)">referee</a> potential infringements of the laws, or who is entitled to possession of the ball that has gone out of the field of play, or, most famously, raising the flag to indicate an <a href="/wiki/Offside_(association_football)" title="Offside (association football)">offside</a> offence. Officials called <i>touch judges</i> use flags for similar purposes in both codes of <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Referee" title="Referee">referees</a> use <a href="/wiki/Penalty_flag" title="Penalty flag">penalty flags</a> to indicate that a foul has been committed in game play. The phrase used for such an indication is <i>flag on the play</i>. The flag itself is a small, weighted handkerchief, tossed on the field at the approximate point of the infraction; the intent is usually to sort out the details after the current play from scrimmage has concluded. In American football, the flag is yellow; in Canadian football the flag is orange, but at the professional level the flag is yellow. In both the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>, coaches also use red challenge flags to indicate that they wish to contest a ruling on the field.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">yacht racing</a>, flags are used to communicate information from the race committee boat to the racers. Different flags hoisted from the committee boat may communicate a false start, changes in the course, a cancelled race, or other important information. Racing boats themselves may also use flags to symbolise a protest or distress. The flags are often part of the nautical alphabetic system of <a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">International maritime signal flags</a>, in which 26 different flags designate the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F1_chequered_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/F1_chequered_flag.svg/250px-F1_chequered_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/F1_chequered_flag.svg/330px-F1_chequered_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/F1_chequered_flag.svg/500px-F1_chequered_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Flag flown at a <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">car race</a> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">auto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_sport" title="Motorcycle sport">motorcycle racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racing_flags" title="Racing flags">racing flags</a> are used to communicate with drivers. Most famously, a checkered flag of black and white squares indicates the end of the race, and victory for the leader. A yellow flag is used to indicate caution requiring slow speed and a red flag requires racers to stop immediately. A black flag is used to indicate penalties.</li></ul> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Racing_flags" title="Racing flags">Racing flags</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li>In addition, fans of almost all sports wave flags in the stands to indicate their support for the participants. Many sports teams have their own flags, and, in individual sports, fans will indicate their support for a player by waving the flag of his or her home country.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_the_flag" title="Capture the flag">Capture the flag</a> is a popular children's sport.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a> a green flag is used to indicate a goal while a white flag is used to indicate a point</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(Australian_rules_football)" title="Umpire (Australian rules football)">goal umpire</a> will wave two flags to indicate a goal (worth six points) and a single flag to indicate a behind (worth one point).</li> <li>For safety, <a href="/wiki/Diver_down_flag" title="Diver down flag">dive flags</a> indicate the locations of underwater <a href="/wiki/SCUBA_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="SCUBA diving">scuba divers</a> or that diving operations are being conducted in the vicinity.</li> <li>In water sports such as wakeboarding and Water-Skiing, an orange flag is held in between runs to indicate someone is in the water.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, the hole is almost always marked with a flag. The flagpole is designed to fit centered within the base of the hole and is removable. Many courses will use colour-coded flags to determine a hole location at the front, middle or rear of the green. However, colour-coded flags are not used in the professional tours. (A rare example of a golf course that does not use flags to mark the hole is the East Course of <a href="/wiki/Merion_Golf_Club" title="Merion Golf Club">Merion Golf Club</a>, which instead uses flagpoles topped by <a href="/wiki/Merion_Golf_Club#Wicker_baskets" title="Merion Golf Club">wicker baskets</a>.)</li> <li>Flag poles with flags of all shapes and sizes are used by marching bands, drum corps, and winter guard teams use flags as a method of visual enhancement in performances.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_and_political_flags">Diplomatic and political flags</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_flag" title="Diplomatic flag">Diplomatic flag</a></div> <p>Some countries use diplomatic flags, such as the United Kingdom (see <a href="/wiki/File:British_Ambassador_Ensign.svg" title="File:British Ambassador Ensign.svg">image of the Embassy flag</a>) and the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (see <a href="/wiki/File:Embassador_Flag_of_Thailand.svg" title="File:Embassador Flag of Thailand.svg">image of the Embassy flag</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> movement uses <a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)">red flags</a> to represent their cause. The <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchist</a> movement has a variety of different flags, but the primary flag associated with them is the <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism#Black_flag" title="Anarchist symbolism">black flag</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, the anarchists used the red-and-black bisected flag. In the 20th century, the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_flag_(gay_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainbow flag (gay movement)">rainbow flag</a> was adopted as a symbol of the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_social_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT social movements">LGBT social movements</a>. Its derivatives include the <a href="/wiki/Bisexual_pride_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual pride flag">Bisexual pride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transgender_pride_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender pride flag">Transgender pride flags</a>. </p><p>Some of these political flags have become national flags, such as the red flag of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and national socialist banners for <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. The present <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Portugal" title="Flag of Portugal">Flag of Portugal</a> is based on what had been the political flag of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Republican_Party" title="Portuguese Republican Party">Portuguese Republican Party</a> previous to the <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">5 October 1910 revolution</a> which brought this party to power. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_flags">Personal flags</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Personal_flag_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Personal_flag_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg/250px-Personal_flag_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Personal_flag_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg/330px-Personal_flag_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Personal_flag_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg/500px-Personal_flag_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Personal flag of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout history, <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchs</a> have often had personal flags (including <a href="/wiki/Royal_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal standard">royal standards</a>), representing the royal person, including in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> of national monarchies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicle_flags">Vehicle flags</h2></div> <p>Flags are often representative of an individual's affinity or allegiance to a country, team or business and can be presented in various ways. A popular trend that has surfaced revolves around the idea of the 'mobile' flag in which an individual displays their particular flag of choice on their vehicle. These items are commonly referred to as car flags and are usually manufactured from high strength polyester material and are attached to a vehicle via a <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a> pole and clip window attachment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Swimming_flags">Swimming flags</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flags_-_swim_between_the.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flags_-_swim_between_the.png/250px-Flags_-_swim_between_the.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Flags_-_swim_between_the.png 1.5x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption>Open swimming area</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flags_crossed_-_do_not_swim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flags_crossed_-_do_not_swim.png/250px-Flags_crossed_-_do_not_swim.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Flags_crossed_-_do_not_swim.png 1.5x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption>Closed swimming area</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_at_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Red_flag_at_beach.jpg/170px-Red_flag_at_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Red_flag_at_beach.jpg/255px-Red_flag_at_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Red_flag_at_beach.jpg/340px-Red_flag_at_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Red flag at a beach in Ireland, indicating that the water is not safe for swimming</figcaption></figure> <p>In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the Philippines, Ireland and the United Kingdom, a pair of red-yellow flags is used to mark the limits of the bathing area on a beach, usually guarded by <a href="/wiki/Surf_lifesaving" title="Surf lifesaving">surf lifesavers</a>. If the beach is closed, the poles of the flags are crossed. The flags are coloured with a red triangle and a yellow triangle making a rectangular flag, or a red rectangle over a yellow rectangle. On many Australian beaches there is a slight variation with beach condition signalling. A red flag signifies a closed beach (in the UK also other dangers), yellow signifies strong current or difficult swimming conditions, and green represents a beach safe for general swimming. In Ireland, a red and yellow flag indicates that it is safe to swim; a red flag that it is unsafe; and no flag indicates that there are no lifeguards on duty. Blue flags may also be used away from the yellow-red lifesaver area to designate a zone for surfboarding and other small, non-motorised watercraft. </p><p>Reasons for closing the beach include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dangerous_rip" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangerous rip">dangerous rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a> warning</li> <li>no <a href="/wiki/Lifeguard" title="Lifeguard">lifeguards</a> in attendance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">overpolluted</a> water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">sharks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave" title="Wave">waves</a> too strong</li></ul> <p>A surf flag exists, divided into four quadrants. The top left and bottom right quadrants are black, and the remaining area is white. </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Signal flag</a> "India" (a black circle on a yellow square) is frequently used to denote a "blackball" zone where surfboards cannot be used but other water activities are permitted. </p><p>The United States uses beach warning flags created by the <a href="/wiki/International_Life_Saving_Federation" title="International Life Saving Federation">International Life Saving Federation</a> and endorsed and conditionally approved by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Lifesaving_Association" title="United States Lifesaving Association">United States Lifesaving Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Railway_flags">Railway flags</h2></div> <p>Railways use a number of coloured flags. When used as wayside signals they usually use the following meanings (exact meanings are set by the individual railroad company): </p> <ul><li>red = stop</li> <li>yellow = proceed with caution</li> <li>green or white = proceed.</li> <li>a flag of any colour waved vigorously means stop</li> <li>a blue flag on the side of a locomotive means that it should not be moved because someone is working on it (or on the train attached to it). A blue flag on a track means that nothing on that track should be moved. The flag can only be removed by the person or group that placed it. In the railway dominated steel industry this principle of "blue flag and tag" was extended to all operations at Bethlehem Steel, <a href="/wiki/Lackawanna,_New_York" title="Lackawanna, New York">Lackawanna, New York</a>. If a man went inside a large machine or worked on an electrical circuit for example, his blue flag and tag was sacrosanct.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "<a href="/wiki/Lockout-tagout" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockout-tagout">Lock Out/Tag Out</a>" practice is similar and now used in other industries to comply with safety regulations.</li></ul> <p>At night, the flags are replaced with lanterns showing the same colours. </p><p>Flags displayed on the front of a moving locomotive are an acceptable replacement for classification lights and usually have the following meanings (exact meanings are set by the individual railroad company): </p> <ul><li>white = extra (not on the timetable)</li> <li>green = another section following</li> <li>red = last section</li></ul> <p>Additionally, a railroad brakeman will typically carry a red flag to make his or her hand signals more visible to the engineer. <a href="/wiki/Railway_signal" title="Railway signal">Railway signals</a> are a development of railway flags.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flagpoles">Flagpoles</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flagpole" title="Flagpole">Flagpole</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SienaFlagpole1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SienaFlagpole1.jpg/250px-SienaFlagpole1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="453" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SienaFlagpole1.jpg/330px-SienaFlagpole1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SienaFlagpole1.jpg/500px-SienaFlagpole1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="3027" /></a><figcaption>One of the two 60-foot-tall flagpoles in the <a href="/wiki/Siena_Cathedral" title="Siena Cathedral">Siena Cathedral</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montaperti" title="Battle of Montaperti">battle of Montaperti</a> (1260), Bocca degli Abati, a Sienese spy, brought Florence's flag down, causing panic among the Florentine soldiers and ultimately their defeat.</figcaption></figure> <p>A flagpole, flagmast, flagstaff, or staff can be a simple support made of wood or metal. If it is taller than can be easily reached to raise the flag, a cord is used, looping around a pulley at the top of the pole with the ends tied at the bottom. The flag is fixed to one lower end of the cord, and is then raised by pulling on the other end. The cord is then tightened and tied to the pole at the bottom. The pole is usually topped by a flat plate or ball called a "<a href="/wiki/Truck_(rigging)" title="Truck (rigging)">truck</a>" (originally meant to keep a wooden pole from splitting) or a <a href="/wiki/Finial" title="Finial">finial</a> in a more complex shape. Very high flagpoles may require more complex support structures than a simple pole, such as a <a href="/wiki/Guyed_mast" title="Guyed mast">guyed mast</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dwajasthambam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwajasthambam">Dwajasthambam</a> are flagpoles commonly found at the entrances of <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Record_heights">Record heights</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagpole,_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg/250px-Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg/330px-Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg/340px-Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The former flagpole in Kew Gardens, taken shortly before its removal in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 26 December 2021, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_flagpoles_by_height" title="List of flagpoles by height">tallest free-standing flagpole</a> in the world is the Cairo Flagpole, located in the <a href="/wiki/New_Administrative_Capital" title="New Administrative Capital">New Administrative Capital</a> under construction in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> at a height of 201.952 m (662.57 ft), exceeding the former record holders, the <a href="/wiki/Jeddah_Flagpole" title="Jeddah Flagpole">Jeddah Flagpole</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> (height: 171 m; 561 ft), the <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe_Flagpole" title="Dushanbe Flagpole">Dushanbe Flagpole</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jeddah_Flagpole_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeddah_Flagpole-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (height: 165 m; 541 ft) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Flag_Square" title="National Flag Square">National Flagpole</a> in <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (height: 162 m; 531 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flagpole in North Korea is the fourth tallest flagpole in the world, however, it is not free-standing. It is a radio tower supported flagpole. Many of these were built by American company Trident Support: the Dushanbe Flagpole, the National Flagpole in Azerbaijan, the <a href="/wiki/Ashgabat_Flagpole" title="Ashgabat Flagpole">Ashgabat flagpole</a> in Turkmenistan at 133 m (436 ft); the <a href="/wiki/Aqaba_Flagpole" title="Aqaba Flagpole">Aqaba Flagpole</a> in Jordan at 130 m (430 ft); the <a href="/wiki/Raghadan_Flagpole" title="Raghadan Flagpole">Raghadan Flagpole</a> in Jordan at 126.8 m (416 ft); and the Abu Dhabi Flagpole in the United Arab Emirates at 122 m (400 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current tallest flagpole in India (and the tallest flying the tricolour) is the 110-metre (360 ft) flagpole in <a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a>, Karnataka which was first hoisted on 12 March 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tallest flagpole in the United Kingdom from 1959 until 2013 stood in <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a>. It was made from a Canadian Douglas-fir tree and was 68.5 m (225 ft) in height.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current tallest flagpole in the United States (and the tallest flying an American flag) is the 400-foot (120 m) pole completed before <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> 2014 and custom-made with an 11-foot (3.4 m) base in concrete by <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbine</a> manufacturer Broadwind Energy. It is situated on the north side of the <a href="/wiki/Acuity_Insurance" title="Acuity Insurance">Acuity Insurance</a> headquarters campus along <a href="/wiki/Interstate_43" title="Interstate 43">Interstate 43</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sheboygan,_Wisconsin" title="Sheboygan, Wisconsin">Sheboygan, Wisconsin</a>, and is visible from <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Grove,_Wisconsin" title="Cedar Grove, Wisconsin">Cedar Grove</a>. The pole can fly a 220-pound flag in light wind conditions and a heavier 350-pound flag in higher wind conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3></div> <p>Flagpoles can be designed in one piece with a taper (typically a steel taper or a <a href="/wiki/Entasis" title="Entasis">Greek entasis</a> taper),<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or be made from multiple pieces to make them able to expand. In the United States, <a href="/wiki/ANSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI">ANSI/NAAMM</a> guide specification FP-1001-97 covers the engineering design of metal flagpoles to ensure safety. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bickleigh_,_Bickleigh_Maize_Maze_-_Flagpole_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223767.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flagpole of modest size, with simple truck"><img alt="Flagpole of modest size, with simple truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bickleigh_%2C_Bickleigh_Maize_Maze_-_Flagpole_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223767.jpg/150px-Bickleigh_%2C_Bickleigh_Maize_Maze_-_Flagpole_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223767.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bickleigh_%2C_Bickleigh_Maize_Maze_-_Flagpole_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223767.jpg/225px-Bickleigh_%2C_Bickleigh_Maize_Maze_-_Flagpole_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223767.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bickleigh_%2C_Bickleigh_Maize_Maze_-_Flagpole_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223767.jpg/300px-Bickleigh_%2C_Bickleigh_Maize_Maze_-_Flagpole_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223767.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flagpole of modest size, with simple <a href="/wiki/Truck_(rigging)" title="Truck (rigging)">truck</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_flag_at_Auckland_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large flagpole, showing structured truck (New Zealand)"><img alt="Large flagpole, showing structured truck (New Zealand)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/New_Zealand_flag_at_Auckland_Airport.jpg/250px-New_Zealand_flag_at_Auckland_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/New_Zealand_flag_at_Auckland_Airport.jpg/330px-New_Zealand_flag_at_Auckland_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/New_Zealand_flag_at_Auckland_Airport.jpg/500px-New_Zealand_flag_at_Auckland_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Large flagpole, showing structured <a href="/wiki/Truck_(rigging)" title="Truck (rigging)">truck</a> (New Zealand)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_official_flags_of_New_Caledonia_on_same_flagpole.png" class="mw-file-description" title="New Caledonia has two flags, flown here in Nouméa, the capital city, on a single flagpole with a crossbar"><img alt="New Caledonia has two flags, flown here in Nouméa, the capital city, on a single flagpole with a crossbar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Two_official_flags_of_New_Caledonia_on_same_flagpole.png/250px-Two_official_flags_of_New_Caledonia_on_same_flagpole.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Two_official_flags_of_New_Caledonia_on_same_flagpole.png/330px-Two_official_flags_of_New_Caledonia_on_same_flagpole.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Two_official_flags_of_New_Caledonia_on_same_flagpole.png/500px-Two_official_flags_of_New_Caledonia_on_same_flagpole.png 2x" data-file-width="2296" data-file-height="1722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> has two flags, flown here in <a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a" title="Nouméa">Nouméa</a>, the capital city, on a single flagpole with a crossbar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thanjavur_periya_kovil-tamil_nadu.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dwajasthambam (flagpole) at Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India"><img alt="Dwajasthambam (flagpole) at Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Thanjavur_periya_kovil-tamil_nadu.JPG/250px-Thanjavur_periya_kovil-tamil_nadu.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Thanjavur_periya_kovil-tamil_nadu.JPG/330px-Thanjavur_periya_kovil-tamil_nadu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3040" data-file-height="4277" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dwajasthambam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwajasthambam">Dwajasthambam</a> (flagpole) at <a href="/wiki/Brihadeeswarar_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Brihadeeswarar Temple">Brihadeeswarar Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur,_Tamil_Nadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu">Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu</a>, India</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hoisting_the_flag">Hoisting the flag</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_Day_Citizenship_Ceremony_2011_(5475200349).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Australia_Day_Citizenship_Ceremony_2011_%285475200349%29.jpg/250px-Australia_Day_Citizenship_Ceremony_2011_%285475200349%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Australia_Day_Citizenship_Ceremony_2011_%285475200349%29.jpg/330px-Australia_Day_Citizenship_Ceremony_2011_%285475200349%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Australia_Day_Citizenship_Ceremony_2011_%285475200349%29.jpg/500px-Australia_Day_Citizenship_Ceremony_2011_%285475200349%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Australia" title="Flag of Australia">Flag of Australia</a> at a flag-hoisting ceremony on <a href="/wiki/Australian_Citizenship_Day" title="Australian Citizenship Day">Australian Citizenship Day</a> 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Hoisting the flag is the act of raising the flag on the flagpole. Raising or lowering flags, especially national flags, usually involves ceremonies and certain sets of rules, depending on the country, and usually involve the performance of a <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a>. </p><p>A flag-raising squad is a group of people, usually troops, cadets, or students, that march in and bring the flags for the flag-hoisting ceremony. Flag-hoisting ceremonies involving flag-raising squads can be simple or elaborate, involving large numbers of squads. Elaborate flag-hoisting ceremonies are usually performed on national holidays. </p><p>The cord or rope that ties a flag to its pole is called a halyard. Flags may have a strip of fabric along the hoist side called a <i>heading</i> for the halyard to pass through, or a pair of <a href="/wiki/Grommet" title="Grommet">grommets</a> for the halyard to be threaded through. Flags may also be held in position using <a href="/wiki/Inglefield_clip" title="Inglefield clip">Inglefield clips</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flags_in_communication">Flags in communication</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Signals_A-Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Semaphore_Signals_A-Z.jpg/250px-Semaphore_Signals_A-Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Semaphore_Signals_A-Z.jpg/330px-Semaphore_Signals_A-Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Semaphore_Signals_A-Z.jpg/500px-Semaphore_Signals_A-Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5613" data-file-height="3967" /></a><figcaption>Semaphore signals for the letters of the English alphabet</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Semaphore</a> is a form of communication that utilises flags. The signalling is performed by an individual using two flags (or lighted wands), the positions of the flags indicating a symbol. The person who holds the flags is known as the signalman. This form of communication is primarily used by <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">naval</a> signallers. This technique of signalling was adopted in the early 19th century and is still used in various forms today.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The colours of the flags can also be used to communicate. For example; a white flag means, among other things, surrender or peace, a red flag can be used as a warning signal, and a black flag can mean war, or determination to defeat enemies. </p><p>Orientation of a flag is also used for communication, though the practice is rarely used given modern communication systems. Raising a flag upside-down was indicative that the raising force controlled that particular area, but that it was in severe distress.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <dl><dt>Lists and galleries of flags</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_sovereign_state_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallery of sovereign state flags">Gallery of sovereign state flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flag_names" title="List of flag names">List of flag names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_flags" title="Lists of flags">Lists of flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_national_flags" title="Timeline of national flags">Timeline of national flags</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Notable flag-related topics</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_families" title="Flag families">Flag families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">False flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Day" title="Flag Day">Flag Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_desecration" title="Flag desecration">Flag desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_protocol" title="Flag protocol">Flag protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_patch" title="Flag patch">Flag patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_throwing" title="Flag throwing">Flag throwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_vexillology" title="Glossary of vexillology">Glossary of vexillology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pledge of Allegiance (United States)">Pledge of Allegiance (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard-bearer" title="Standard-bearer">Standard-bearer</a> (also enumerates various types of standards, both flag types and immobile ensigns)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_World_(website)" title="Flags of the World (website)">Flags of the World</a>, an Internet-based vexillological association and resource</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsock" title="Windsock">Windsock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZnamierowski2013" class="citation book cs1">Znamierowski, Alfred (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OwueMQEACAAJ"><i>The World Encyclopedia of Flags: The Definitive Guide to International Flags, Banners, Standards and Ensigns, with Over 1400 Illustration</i></a>. Lorenz Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">100–</span>129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7548-2629-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7548-2629-3"><bdi>978-0-7548-2629-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Encyclopedia+of+Flags%3A+The+Definitive+Guide+to+International+Flags%2C+Banners%2C+Standards+and+Ensigns%2C+with+Over+1400+Illustration&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E129&rft.pub=Lorenz+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7548-2629-3&rft.aulast=Znamierowski&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOwueMQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inglefield, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archive.org_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive.org_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1975" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Whitney (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/flagsthroughages00smit"><i>Flags through the ages and across the world</i></a>. Internet Archive. New York. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-059093-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-059093-9"><bdi>978-0-07-059093-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flags+through+the+ages+and+across+the+world&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=New+York&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-07-059093-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fflagsthroughages00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-heraldry">Flag | heraldry</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. Retrieved February 15, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraefTavernier2012" class="citation book cs1">Graef, Katrien De; Tavernier, Jan (7 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qsmtxmD5kWcC&q=shahdad+standard&pg=PA19"><i>Susa and Elam. Archaeological, Philological, Historical and Geographical Perspectives.: Proceedings of the International Congress Held at Ghent University, December 14–17, 2009</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004207400" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004207400"><bdi>978-9004207400</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Susa+and+Elam.+Archaeological%2C+Philological%2C+Historical+and+Geographical+Perspectives.%3A+Proceedings+of+the+International+Congress+Held+at+Ghent+University%2C+December+14%E2%80%9317%2C+2009.&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2012-12-07&rft.isbn=978-9004207400&rft.aulast=Graef&rft.aufirst=Katrien+De&rft.au=Tavernier%2C+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqsmtxmD5kWcC%26q%3Dshahdad%2Bstandard%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPittmanN.Y.)1984" class="citation book cs1">Pittman, Holly; N.Y.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York (12 December 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qbnyh2YH2KQC&q=shahdad+standard&pg=PA24"><i>Art of the Bronze Age: Southeastern Iran, Western Central Asia, and the Indus Valley</i></a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870993657" title="Special:BookSources/9780870993657"><bdi>9780870993657</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+of+the+Bronze+Age%3A+Southeastern+Iran%2C+Western+Central+Asia%2C+and+the+Indus+Valley&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1984-12-12&rft.isbn=9780870993657&rft.aulast=Pittman&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft.au=N.Y.%29%2C+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art+%28New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQbnyh2YH2KQC%26q%3Dshahdad%2Bstandard%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHansenEhrenberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Hansen, Donald P.; Ehrenberg, Erica (12 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6lDgYxV0DN8C&q=shahdad+standard&pg=PA227"><i>Leaving No Stones Unturned: Essays on the Ancient Near East and Egypt in Honor of Donald P. Hansen</i></a>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781575060552" title="Special:BookSources/9781575060552"><bdi>9781575060552</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leaving+No+Stones+Unturned%3A+Essays+on+the+Ancient+Near+East+and+Egypt+in+Honor+of+Donald+P.+Hansen&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2017-12-12&rft.isbn=9781575060552&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Donald+P.&rft.au=Ehrenberg%2C+Erica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6lDgYxV0DN8C%26q%3Dshahdad%2Bstandard%26pg%3DPA227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHakemiArcheologiche1997" class="citation book cs1">Hakemi, Ali; Archeologiche, Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente Centro Scavi e Ricerche (12 December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M2QMAQAAMAAJ&q=shahdad+standard"><i>Shahdad: archaeological excavations of a bronze age center in Iran</i></a>. IsMEO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120410176" title="Special:BookSources/9788120410176"><bdi>9788120410176</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shahdad%3A+archaeological+excavations+of+a+bronze+age+center+in+Iran&rft.pub=IsMEO&rft.date=1997-12-12&rft.isbn=9788120410176&rft.aulast=Hakemi&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.au=Archeologiche%2C+Istituto+italiano+per+il+Medio+ed+Estremo+Oriente+Centro+Scavi+e+Ricerche&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM2QMAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dshahdad%2Bstandard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1975" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Whitney (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/flagsthroughages00smit"><i>Flags through the ages and across the world</i></a>. Internet Archive. New York. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-059093-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-059093-9"><bdi>978-0-07-059093-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flags+through+the+ages+and+across+the+world&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=New+York&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-07-059093-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fflagsthroughages00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Articles 90–94 of the <a href="/wiki/UN_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Convention on the Law of the Sea">UN Convention on the Law of the Sea</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inglefield, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inglefield, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/oldest-continuously-used-national-flag/">"Oldest continuously used national flag"</a>. <i>Guinness World Records</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guinness+World+Records&rft.atitle=Oldest+continuously+used+national+flag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2Foldest-continuously-used-national-flag%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-flag/">National Flag -The official website of Denmark</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203070136/http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-flag/">Archived</a> 2018-02-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Earlier use of the white cross on red is attested by an armorial (Netherlands) of 1370-1386. In later monastic tradition, the Dannebrog made its first, miraculous appearance at the Battle of Lindanise on 15 June 1219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeroen_Temperman2010" class="citation book cs1">Jeroen Temperman (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Khag6tbsIn4C&pg=PA88"><i>State Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law: Towards a Right to Religiously Neutral Governance</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus Nijhoff Publishers">Martinus Nijhoff Publishers</a>. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004181489" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004181489"><bdi>978-9004181489</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423140657/https://books.google.com/books?id=Khag6tbsIn4C&pg=PA88">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2007</span>. <q>Many predominantly Christian states show a cross, symbolising Christianity, on their national flag. The so-called Scandinavian crosses or Nordic crosses on the flags of the Nordic countries–Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden–also represent Christianity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Religion+Relationships+and+Human+Rights+Law%3A+Towards+a+Right+to+Religiously+Neutral+Governance&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-9004181489&rft.au=Jeroen+Temperman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKhag6tbsIn4C%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Whitney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-France">"flag of France | History & Meaning"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=flag+of+France+%7C+History+%26+Meaning&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fflag-of-France&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shelley-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shelley_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShelley,_Fred_M.2013" class="citation book cs1">Shelley, Fred M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5qlXatHRJtMC&q=Pan-Slavic+flag&pg=PR16"><i>Nation Shapes: The Story behind the World's Borders</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. xvi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610691062" title="Special:BookSources/9781610691062"><bdi>9781610691062</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nation+Shapes%3A+The+Story+behind+the+World%27s+Borders&rft.pages=xvi&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781610691062&rft.au=Shelley%2C+Fred+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5qlXatHRJtMC%26q%3DPan-Slavic%2Bflag%26pg%3DPR16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Whitney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-the-United-States-of-America">"Flag of the United States of America"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Flag+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fflag-of-the-United-States-of-America&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Whitney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Liberia">"Flag of Liberia"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Flag+of+Liberia&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fflag-of-Liberia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyril Glassé , <i>The New Encyclopedia of Islam</i> (revised ed. 2001), s.v. "Moon" (p. 314).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928144651/http://www.rog.nmm.ac.uk/upload/amaxus_pdf/amaxus_conWebDoc_229.pdf">"Welcome to the Royal Museums Greenwich Blogs - Royal Museums Greenwich Blogs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rog.nmm.ac.uk/upload/amaxus_pdf/amaxus_conWebDoc_229.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+Royal+Museums+Greenwich+Blogs+-+Royal+Museums+Greenwich+Blogs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rog.nmm.ac.uk%2Fupload%2Famaxus_pdf%2Famaxus_conWebDoc_229.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohiostatehouse.org/museum/county-flags/pike">"Pike"</a>. <i>County Flags</i>. Columbus, Ohio: <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Statehouse" title="Ohio Statehouse">Ohio Statehouse</a> Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC. December 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Qatar+breaks+record+for+world%27s+largest+flag&rft.date=2013-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-25414490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/flags/flag_terminology.htm">"The Parts of a Flag"</a>. <i>Flag Terminology</i>. NSTATE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flag+Terminology&rft.atitle=The+Parts+of+a+Flag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netstate.com%2Fstates%2Fsymb%2Fflags%2Fflag_terminology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DGF-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DGF_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DGF_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DGF_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DGF_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DGF_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flaggenkunde.de/deutscheflaggen/d-typ.htm">"Flaggentypen"</a>. German Vexillological Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Flaggenkunde e. V., DGF)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flaggentypen&rft.pub=German+Vexillological+Society+%28Deutsche+Gesellschaft+f%C3%BCr+Flaggenkunde+e.+V.%2C+DGF%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flaggenkunde.de%2Fdeutscheflaggen%2Fd-typ.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">German Federal Ministry of the Interior</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protokoll-inland.de/PI/DE/Beflaggung/Allgemeines/Hissflagge/hissflagge_node.html">Hissflagge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120908125818/http://www.protokoll-inland.de/PI/DE/Beflaggung/Allgemeines/Hissflagge/hissflagge_node.html">Archived</a> 2012-09-08 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></i>, accessed 20 February 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">German Federal Ministry of the Interior</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protokoll-inland.de/PI/DE/Beflaggung/Allgemeines/Hochformatflagge/hochformatflagge_node.html">Hochformatflagge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120803075053/http://www.protokoll-inland.de/PI/DE/Beflaggung/Allgemeines/Hochformatflagge/hochformatflagge_node.html">Archived</a> 2012-08-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, accessed 20 February 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">German Federal Ministry of the Interior</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protokoll-inland.de/PI/DE/Beflaggung/Allgemeines/Auslegerflagge/auslegerflagge_node.html">Auslegerflagge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120803085923/http://www.protokoll-inland.de/PI/DE/Beflaggung/Allgemeines/Auslegerflagge/auslegerflagge_node.html">Archived</a> 2012-08-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, accessed 20 February 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">German Federal Ministry of the Interior</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protokoll-inland.de/PI/DE/Beflaggung/Allgemeines/Haengeflagge/haengeflagge_node.html">Hängeflagge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120803082212/http://www.protokoll-inland.de/PI/DE/Beflaggung/Allgemeines/Haengeflagge/haengeflagge_node.html">Archived</a> 2012-08-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, accessed 20 February 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">German Federal Ministry of the Interior</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protokoll-inland.de/PI/DE/Beflaggung/Allgemeines/Haengeflagge/haengeflagge_node.html">Hängeflagge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120803082212/http://www.protokoll-inland.de/PI/DE/Beflaggung/Allgemeines/Haengeflagge/haengeflagge_node.html">Archived</a> 2012-08-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, accessed 20 February 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Cook2002" class="citation book cs1">David Cook (2002). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studiesmuslimapo00cook"><i>Studies in Muslim Apocalyptic</i></a></span>. Darwin Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studiesmuslimapo00cook/page/n105">197</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780878501427" title="Special:BookSources/9780878501427"><bdi>9780878501427</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Muslim+Apocalyptic&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Darwin+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780878501427&rft.au=David+Cook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstudiesmuslimapo00cook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span> from Majlisi,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/11/25/64-countries-have-religious-symbols-on-their-national-flags/">"64 countries have religious symbols on their national flags"</a>. 25 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=64+countries+have+religious+symbols+on+their+national+flags&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2014%2F11%2F25%2F64-countries-have-religious-symbols-on-their-national-flags%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMayled2002" class="citation book cs1">Mayled, Jon (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H9jKt0dLz1IC"><i>Sikhism</i></a>. Heinemann. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-33627-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-435-33627-1"><bdi>978-0-435-33627-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikhism&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-435-33627-1&rft.aulast=Mayled&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH9jKt0dLz1IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hssuk.org/the-bhagwa-dhwaj-saffron-flag/">"The Bhagwa Dhwaj (Saffron Flag)"</a>. <i>Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh (UK)</i>. 28 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221203065338/https://hssuk.org/the-bhagwa-dhwaj-saffron-flag/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindu+Swayamsevak+Sangh+%28UK%29&rft.atitle=The+Bhagwa+Dhwaj+%28Saffron+Flag%29&rft.date=2023-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhssuk.org%2Fthe-bhagwa-dhwaj-saffron-flag%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">"Resolution". <i>Federal Council Bulletin</i>. <span class="nowrap">25–</span>27. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Docket+No.+79-2597&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oshrc.gov%2Fdecisions%2Fhtml_1990%2F79-2597.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCalvert2004" class="citation web cs1">Calvert, J.B. (25 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mysite.du.edu/~etuttle/rail/sigs.htm">"Early Railway Signals"</a>. University of Denver<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Railway+Signals&rft.pub=University+of+Denver&rft.date=2004-07-25&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmysite.du.edu%2F~etuttle%2Frail%2Fsigs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alf_Hiltebeitel" title="Alf Hiltebeitel">Hiltebeitel, Alf</a> (1991). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=diPh4qYtjPUC">The Cult of Draupadi, Volume 2: On Hindu Ritual and the Goddess</a></i>. University of Chicago Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226340473" title="Special:BookSources/0226340473">0226340473</a>. pp. 91–92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jeddah_Flagpole-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jeddah_Flagpole_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/news/634401">"Jeddah Flagpole inaugurated"</a>. arabnews.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jeddah+Flagpole+inaugurated&rft.pub=arabnews.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fsaudi-arabia%2Fnews%2F634401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Former record: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404114645/https://news.tj/ru/news/v-dushanbe-na-samom-vysokom-flagshtoke-v-mire-podnyat-flag-foto">"Wer baut den hoechsten Fahnenmast"</a>. Asia Plus. September 9, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.tj/ru/news/v-dushanbe-na-samom-vysokom-flagshtoke-v-mire-podnyat-flag-foto">the original</a> on April 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wer+baut+den+hoechsten+Fahnenmast&rft.pub=Asia+Plus&rft.date=2008-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.tj%2Fru%2Fnews%2Fv-dushanbe-na-samom-vysokom-flagshtoke-v-mire-podnyat-flag-foto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/tajikistan/8157189/Tajikistan-takes-flag-pole-war-to-new-heights.html">"Flag of Azerbaijan"</a></span>. Telegraph.co.uk. July 3, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/tajikistan/8157189/Tajikistan-takes-flag-pole-war-to-new-heights.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flag+of+Azerbaijan&rft.pub=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.date=2008-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Ftajikistan%2F8157189%2FTajikistan-takes-flag-pole-war-to-new-heights.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/out-of-eden-walk/articles/2017-09-looking-afghanistan-turn-left-enormous-flagpole/?sf111671937=1#!">"Looking for Afghanistan? Turn Left at the Enormous Flagpole"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. 2017-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Looking+for+Afghanistan%3F+Turn+Left+at+the+Enormous+Flagpole&rft.date=2017-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.org%2Fprojects%2Fout-of-eden-walk%2Farticles%2F2017-09-looking-afghanistan-turn-left-enormous-flagpole%2F%3Fsf111671937%3D1%23%21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/tallest-flag-in-india-attari-border-indian-national-flag-belgaum-ramesh-jarkiholi-largest-biggest-flagpole-flag-hoisting-rules-and-regulation/206890">"Karnataka's Belgaum is now home to India's tallest flag"</a>. <i>Times Now News</i>. 13 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Now+News&rft.atitle=Karnataka%27s+Belgaum+is+now+home+to+India%27s+tallest+flag&rft.date=2018-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesnownews.com%2Fthe-buzz%2Farticle%2Ftallest-flag-in-india-attari-border-indian-national-flag-belgaum-ramesh-jarkiholi-largest-biggest-flagpole-flag-hoisting-rules-and-regulation%2F206890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/countrys-tallest-tricolour-to-be-hoisted-in-belagavi/articleshow/63249848.cms">"Tallest flag in India: Country's tallest tricolour to be hoisted in Belagavi"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. Mar 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Tallest+flag+in+India%3A+Country%27s+tallest+tricolour+to+be+hoisted+in+Belagavi&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fhubballi%2Fcountrys-tallest-tricolour-to-be-hoisted-in-belagavi%2Farticleshow%2F63249848.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817234628/http://www.kew.org/press/flagpole.html">"Timber! Steeplejacks to dismantle Kew Flagpole"</a>. Kew.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/press/flagpole.html">the original</a> on 2016-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timber%21+Steeplejacks+to+dismantle+Kew+Flagpole&rft.pub=Kew.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fpress%2Fflagpole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeyandt2014" class="citation news cs1">Weyandt, Janet (25 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403170745/http://www.sheboyganpress.com/article/20140525/SHE0101/305250197/High-flying-Up-time-Memorial-Day-Acuity-flag-world-s-tallest">"High-flying: Up in time for Memorial Day, Acuity flag is world's tallest"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sheboygan_Press" title="The Sheboygan Press">The Sheboygan Press</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheboyganpress.com/article/20140525/SHE0101/305250197/High-flying-Up-time-Memorial-Day-Acuity-flag-world-s-tallest">the original</a> on 3 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sheboygan+Press&rft.atitle=High-flying%3A+Up+in+time+for+Memorial+Day%2C+Acuity+flag+is+world%27s+tallest&rft.date=2014-05-25&rft.aulast=Weyandt&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sheboyganpress.com%2Farticle%2F20140525%2FSHE0101%2F305250197%2FHigh-flying-Up-time-Memorial-Day-Acuity-flag-world-s-tallest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050228014231/http://lingoinc.com/tapers.htm">"Cone Tapered vs. Venetian Entasis Tapered"</a>. Lingo Flagpoles Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lingoinc.com/tapers.htm">the original</a> on 2005-02-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cone+Tapered+vs.+Venetian+Entasis+Tapered&rft.pub=Lingo+Flagpoles+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flingoinc.com%2Ftapers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inglefield, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anbg.gov.au/flags/semaphore.html">"Semaphore Flag Signalling System"</a>. ANBG.gov.au<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Semaphore+Flag+Signalling+System&rft.pub=ANBG.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anbg.gov.au%2Fflags%2Fsemaphore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScanlon" class="citation news cs1">Scanlon, Caitlin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.military.com/flag-day/flag-ettiquette-dos-and-donts.html">"Flag Etiquette Do's and Don'ts"</a>. <i>Military.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military.com&rft.atitle=Flag+Etiquette+Do%27s+and+Don%27ts&rft.aulast=Scanlon&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fflag-day%2Fflag-ettiquette-dos-and-donts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2></div> <ul><li>Inglefield, Eric (1979 edition). <i>Flags</i>. Ward Lock, London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0706356527" title="Special:BookSources/0706356527">0706356527</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP163%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P163%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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aria-labelledby="Vexillology125" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vexillology" title="Template:Vexillology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vexillology" title="Template talk:Vexillology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vexillology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vexillology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vexillology125" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_flags" title="History of flags">History of flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillography" title="Vexillography">Vexillography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_vexillology" title="Glossary of vexillology">Glossary of vexillology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tincture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexilloid" title="Vexilloid">Vexilloid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flag_families" title="Flag families">Design features</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_ensign" title="British ensign">British ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_pale" title="Canadian pale">Canadian pale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_(flag)" title="Canton (flag)">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">Chevron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_flag" title="Heraldic flag">Heraldic flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_cross_flag" title="Nordic cross flag">Nordic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_vexillology" title="Portuguese vexillology">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_flag" title="Pride flag">Pride flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">Saltire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_depicting_the_Southern_Cross" title="Flags depicting the Southern Cross">Southern cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_fess" title="Spanish fess">Spanish fess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triband_(flag)" title="Triband (flag)">Triband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricolour">Tricolour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_colours,_standards_and_guidons" title="Military colours, standards and guidons">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_colours,_standards_and_guidons" title="Historical colours, standards and guidons">Historical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquila_(Roman)" title="Aquila (Roman)">Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draco_(military_standard)" title="Draco (military standard)">Draco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labarum" title="Labarum">Labarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillum" title="Vexillum">Vexillum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_by_color_combination" title="List of flags by color combination">Color schemes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_colours" title="Pan-African colours">Pan-African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" title="Pan-Arab colors">Pan-Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Flag" title="Arab Liberation Flag">Arab Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Revolt" title="Flag of the Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_tricolour" title="Malay tricolour">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_colors" title="Pan-Slavic colors">Pan-Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures in heraldry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Flag_Society" title="Australian Flag Society">Australian Flag Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Flag_Association" title="Australian National Flag Association">Australian National Flag Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Heraldic_and_Vexillological_Association" title="Croatian Heraldic and Vexillological Association">Croatian Heraldic and Vexillological Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Institute" title="Flag Institute">Flag Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_World_(website)" title="Flags of the World (website)">Flags of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogical_Society_of_Ireland" title="Genealogical Society of Ireland">Genealogical Society of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Waters_Association_of_Vexillology" title="Great Waters Association of Vexillology">Great Waters Association of Vexillology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Vexillological_Associations" title="International Federation of Vexillological Associations">International Federation of Vexillological Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Centre_of_Vexillological_Studies" title="Italian Centre of Vexillological Studies">Italian Centre of Vexillological Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Heraldry_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Heraldry Society">Macedonian Heraldry Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Flag_Society" title="Nordic Flag Society">Nordic Flag Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Vexillological_Association" title="North American Vexillological Association">North American Vexillological Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Vexillological_Association" title="Southern African Vexillological Association">Southern African Vexillological Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Society_of_Vexillology" title="Spanish Society of Vexillology">Spanish Society of Vexillology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Heraldry" title="State Council of Heraldry">State Council of Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Heraldry_Society" title="Ukrainian Heraldry Society">Ukrainian Heraldry Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Crampton_Library" title="William Crampton Library">William Crampton Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lists_of_flags" title="Template:Lists of flags"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lists_of_flags" title="Template talk:Lists of flags"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lists_of_flags" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lists of flags"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_flags430" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">flags</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_flags" title="Lists of flags">Master list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Heraldry_and_vexillology/World_Flags" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Heraldry and vexillology/World Flags">Reference list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_flag" title="Pan-African flag">African derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_flags" title="List of Arab flags">Arab states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_with_Christian_symbolism" title="List of flags with Christian symbolism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_flag" title="Civil flag">Civil flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_flags_of_sovereign_states" title="List of national flags of sovereign states">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_date_of_current_flag_adoption" title="List of sovereign states by date of current flag adoption">Date of Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state_standards" class="extiw" title="commons:Head of state standards">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Historical_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Historical flags">Historical flags</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_sovereign_states" title="List of former sovereign states">Former sovereign states</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_extinct_states" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags of extinct states">Formerly independent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_national_flags" title="Timeline of national flags">Timeline</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gallery_pages_of_Sovereign-state_flags_by_year" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gallery pages of Sovereign-state flags by year">By year</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic flags">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_flag" title="State flag">State flag</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:State_ensigns" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:State ensigns">State flags and ensigns</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sovereign-state_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Sovereign-state flags">Sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Special_or_fictional_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Special or fictional flags">Special and fictional</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_unrecognized_states" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags of unrecognized states">Unrecognized</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_armed_forces_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of armed forces flags">Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Army_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Army flags">Army and Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Air_force_ensigns" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Air force ensigns">Air Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft_insignia" title="Military aircraft insignia">Air Forces Roundels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin_flash" class="mw-redirect" title="Fin flash">Air Forces Fin Flashes</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Maritime_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Maritime flags">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ministry_of_Defense_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ministry of Defense flags">Ministry of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ensign" title="Naval ensign">Naval ensigns</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Naval_jacks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Naval jacks">Naval Jack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile civil service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Border_and_coast_guard_ensigns" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Border and coast guard ensigns">Border and Coast Guard Forces</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Police_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Police flags">Police Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Civil_air_ensigns" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Civil air ensigns">Civil air</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Civil_and_merchant_ensigns" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Civil and merchant ensigns">Civil and Merchant Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_ensign" title="Civil ensign">Civil ensign</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:House_flags_(shipping)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:House flags (shipping)">House flag</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pilot_boat_flags_and_ensigns" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pilot boat flags and ensigns">Pilot boat flags and ensigns</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yacht_ensigns" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yacht ensigns">Yacht flags and ensigns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_country_subdivisions" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags of country subdivisions">Country subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/City_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:City flags">Cities</a> <ul><li><i><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_and_coat_of_arms_of_national_capitals" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags and coat of arms of national capitals">Capitals</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cultural_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Cultural flags">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Dependent territory flags">Dependent territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_flag" title="Ethnic flag">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_International_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of International Organizations">International Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_micronations" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags of micronations">Micronations</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_Nations_at_the_Olympics_and_the_Paralympics" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags of the Nations at the Olympics and the Paralympics">Olympics and the Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Political_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Political flags">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_flag" title="Pride flag">Pride flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_flag_proposals" title="List of national flag proposals">Proposals</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Religious_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Religious flags">Religious</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_by_design" title="List of flags by design">By design</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_national_flags_by_design" title="List of national flags by design">National</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_by_design" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of flags by design">Gallery</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flag_elements" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Flag elements">By elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_animals" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Astronomical flags">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bicolor_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Bicolor flags">Bicolor</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_bordered_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of bordered flags">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_based_on_British_ensigns" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags based on British ensigns">British ensigns</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_buildings" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with buildings">Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_with_cantons" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of flags with cantons">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_with_circles" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of flags with circles">Circles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_by_color" title="List of flags by color">Color</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_by_number_of_colors" title="List of flags by number of colors">by number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_by_color_combination" title="List of flags by color combination">by combination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_with_crescents" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of flags with crescents">Crescents</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_crosses" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with crosses">Crosses</a> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_flags_with_the_Cross_of_Trier_in_heraldry" class="extiw" title="commons:List of flags with the Cross of Trier in heraldry">Cross of Trier</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Cross_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Nordic Cross flags">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Saints_banners" class="extiw" title="commons:Saints banners">Saints banners</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_saints%27_crosses" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with saints' crosses">Saints' crosses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_devices" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with devices">Devices</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_with_diamonds" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of flags with diamonds">Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Geographical_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Geographical flags">Geographical</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_with_headgear" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of flags with headgear">Headgear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inscribed_flags" title="List of inscribed flags">Inscriptions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_with_Arabic-language_text" title="List of flags with Arabic-language text">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_with_English-language_text" title="List of flags with English-language text">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_with_Latin-language_text" title="List of flags with Latin-language text">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_with_Russian-language_text" title="List of flags with Russian-language text">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_with_Spanish-language_text" title="List of flags with Spanish-language text">Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_keys" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with keys">Keys</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_maps" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_nautical_designs" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with nautical designs">Nautical</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_with_plants" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of flags with plants">Plants</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with people">People</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_quartered_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of quartered flags">Quartered</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solid_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Solid flags">Solids</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_stars" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with stars">Stars</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_trees" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with trees">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_with_triangles" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of flags with triangles">Triangles</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_triband_flags" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of triband flags">Tribands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_with_reverses_that_differ_from_the_obverse" title="List of flags with reverses that differ from the obverse">Two-sided</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flags_with_watercraft" class="extiw" title="commons:Flags with watercraft">Watercraft</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_with_weapons" class="extiw" title="commons:Gallery of flags with weapons">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By shape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-quadrilateral_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-quadrilateral flags">Non-quadrilateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_proportions_of_national_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by proportions of national flags">Proportions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Africa" title="Flags of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Algerian_flags" title="List of Algerian flags">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angolan_flags" title="List of Angolan flags">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Beninese_flags" title="List of Beninese flags">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Botswanan_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Botswanan flags (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Burkinabe_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Burkinabe flags (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Burundian_flags" title="List of Burundian flags">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cameroonian_flags" title="List of Cameroonian flags">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Cape_Verdean_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Cape Verdean flags (page does not exist)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Central_African_Republic_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Central African Republic flags (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Chadian_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Chadian flags (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Comorian_flags" title="List of Comorian flags">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of flags of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_flags_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of flags of the Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Djibouti_flags" title="List of Djibouti flags">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_flags" title="List of Egyptian flags">Egypt</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_regions_of_Egypt" title="Flags of regions of Egypt">Governorates</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="List of flags of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eritrean_flags" title="List of Eritrean flags">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Emaswati_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Emaswati flags (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ethiopian_flags" title="List of Ethiopian flags">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gabonese_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gabonese flags">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gambian_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gambian flags">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ghana_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ghana flags">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guinean_flags" title="List of Guinean flags">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Bissau-Guinean_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Bissau-Guinean flags (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Ivorian_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Ivorian flags (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Kenya" title="List of flags of Kenya">Kenya</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_counties_of_Kenya" title="Flags of counties of Kenya">counties</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Lesotho_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Lesotho flags (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberian_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Liberian flags">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Libyan_flags" title="List of Libyan flags">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malagasy_flags" title="List of Malagasy flags">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malawian_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Malawian flags">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malian_flags" title="List of Malian flags">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mauritanian_flags" title="List of Mauritanian flags">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mauritian_flags" title="List of Mauritian flags">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Moroccan_flags" title="List of Moroccan flags">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mozambican_flags" title="List of Mozambican flags">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Namibian_flags" title="List of Namibian flags">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerien_flags" title="List of Nigerien flags">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_flags" title="List of Nigerian flags">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rwandan_flags" title="List of Rwandan flags">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9an_flags" title="List of São Toméan flags">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Senegalese_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Senegalese flags (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Seychellois_flags" title="List of Seychellois flags">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sierra_Leone_flags" title="List of Sierra Leone flags">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Somali_flags" title="List of Somali flags">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_flags" title="List of South African flags">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Sudanese_flags" title="List of South Sudanese flags">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sudanese_flags" title="List of Sudanese flags">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tanzanian_flags" title="List of Tanzanian flags">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Togolese_flags" title="List of Togolese flags">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tunisian_flags" title="List of Tunisian flags">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ugandan_flags" title="List of Ugandan flags">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zambian_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Zambian flags">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zimbabwean_flags" title="List of Zimbabwean flags">Zimbabwe</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rhodesian_flags" title="List of Rhodesian flags">Rhodesia</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_flags" title="List of Antarctic flags">Antarctica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands">Adélie Land</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Tierra_del_Fuego_Province,_Argentina" title="Flag of the Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina">Argentine Antarctica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Australia" title="Flag of Australia">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory" title="Flag of the British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Magallanes" title="Flag of Magallanes">Chilean Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Norway" title="Flag of Norway">Peter I Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Norway" title="Flag of Norway">Queen Maud Land</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_Zealand" title="Flag of New Zealand">Ross Dependency</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Asia" title="Flags of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Afghan_flags" title="List of Afghan flags">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Armenian_flags" title="List of Armenian flags">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijani_flags" title="List of Azerbaijani flags">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bahraini_flags" title="List of Bahraini flags">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_flags" title="List of Bangladeshi flags">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bhutanese_flags" title="List of Bhutanese flags">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bruneian_flags" title="List of Bruneian flags">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cambodian_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cambodian flags">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_flags" title="List of Chinese flags">China</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_flags" title="List of Hong Kong flags">Hong Kong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Macanese_flags" title="List of Macanese flags">Macau</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cypriot_flags" title="List of Cypriot flags">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_flags" title="List of Egyptian flags">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of flags of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_flags" title="List of Indian flags">India</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flags" title="List of Indian state flags">states</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_rank_flags" title="Indian Armed Forces rank flags">armed forces</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of flags of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_flags" title="List of Iranian flags">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="List of flags of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Israel" title="List of flags of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_flags" title="List of Japanese flags">Japan</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Japanese_prefectures" title="Flags of Japanese prefectures">prefectures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Japanese_municipal_flags" title="Lists of Japanese municipal flags">municipalities</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Jordanian_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Jordanian flags (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kazakh_flags" title="List of Kazakh flags">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_flags" title="List of Korean flags">Korea</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Korean_flags" title="List of North Korean flags">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Korean_flags" title="List of South Korean flags">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kuwaiti_flags" title="List of Kuwaiti flags">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kyrgyz_flags" title="List of Kyrgyz flags">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Laos" title="List of flags of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lebanese_flags" title="List of Lebanese flags">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_flags" title="List of Malaysian flags">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_flags" title="List of Maldivian flags">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongolian_flags" title="List of Mongolian flags">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Burmese_flags" title="List of Burmese flags">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Nepal" title="List of flags of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Omani_flags" title="List of Omani flags">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_flags" title="List of Pakistani flags">Pakistan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_flags" title="List of Palestinian flags">Palestine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of flags of the Philippines">Philippines</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Flags of the provinces of the Philippines">provinces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_coastwise_emblem" title="Philippine coastwise emblem">coastwise emblem</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Qatari_flags" title="List of Qatari flags">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_flags" title="List of Russian flags">Russia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Flags of the federal subjects of Russia">federal subjects</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sakha_flags" title="List of Sakha flags">Sakha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_navy_flags" title="List of Russian navy flags">Russian Navy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saudi_Arabian_flags" title="List of Saudi Arabian flags">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Singaporean_flags" title="List of Singaporean flags">Singapore</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="commons:Флаги Союза Советских Социалистических Республик">Soviet Union</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Soviet_Republics" title="Flags of the Soviet Republics">republics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_USSR_navy_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of USSR navy flags">Soviet Navy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_flags" title="List of Sri Lankan flags">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Syrian_flags" title="List of Syrian flags">Syria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_flags" title="List of Taiwanese flags">Taiwan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Tajik_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Tajik flags (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_flags" title="List of Thai flags">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_East_Timorese_flags" title="List of East Timorese flags">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_flags" title="List of Turkish flags">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkmen_flags" title="List of Turkmen flags">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="List of flags of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uzbek_flags" title="List of Uzbek flags">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Vietnam" title="List of flags of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yemenite_flags" title="List of Yemenite flags">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Europe" title="Flags of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_flags" title="List of Albanian flags">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Andorran_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Andorran flags">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Armenian_flags" title="List of Armenian flags">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Austrian_flags" title="List of Austrian flags">Austria</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_coats_of_arms_of_the_Austrian_states" title="Flags and coats of arms of the Austrian states">states</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Austria-Hungary" title="Flags of Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijani_flags" title="List of Azerbaijani flags">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belarusian_flags" title="List of Belarusian flags">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belgian_flags" title="List of Belgian flags">Belgium</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Brussels" title="List of flags of Brussels">Brussels</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of flags of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bulgarian_flags" title="List of Bulgarian flags">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_flags" title="List of Croatian flags">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cypriot_flags" title="List of Cypriot flags">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Czech_flags" title="List of Czech flags">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_flags" title="List of Danish flags">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_flags" title="List of Estonian flags">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Finland" title="List of flags of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_flags" title="List of French flags">France</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_France" title="Flags of the regions of France">regions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_communal_flags_in_France" title="List of communal flags in France">communes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Breton_flags" title="List of Breton flags">Brittany</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Corsican_flags" title="List of Corsican flags">Corsica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="List of flags of Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Occitan_flags" title="List of Occitan flags">Occitanie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Pays_de_la_Loire" title="List of flags of Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_flags" title="French colonial flags">French Empire</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of flags of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_flags" title="List of German flags">Germany</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_German_states" title="Flags of German states">states</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_flags_of_Germany" title="List of district flags of Germany">districts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_German_municipal_flags" title="Lists of German municipal flags">municipalities</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_flags" title="List of Greek flags">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_flags" title="List of Hungarian flags">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Icelandic_flags" title="List of Icelandic flags">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Ireland" title="List of flags of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Italy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_regions_of_Italy" title="Flags of regions of Italy">regions</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kazakh_flags" title="List of Kazakh flags">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Kosovo" title="List of flags of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Latvia" title="List of flags of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liechtensteinian_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Liechtensteinian flags">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Lithuania" title="List of flags of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Luxembourg" title="List of flags of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Malta" title="List of flags of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Moldovan_flags" title="List of Moldovan flags">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mon%C3%A9gasque_flags" title="List of Monégasque flags">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Montenegro" title="List of flags of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of flags of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Dutch_royal_family" title="Flags of the Dutch royal family">royal standards</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_provinces_of_the_Netherlands" title="Flags of the provinces of the Netherlands">provinces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_flags_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of municipal flags of the Netherlands">municipalities</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_North_Macedonia" title="List of flags of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_flags" title="List of Norwegian flags">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_flags" title="List of Polish flags">Poland</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_naval_and_maritime_flags" title="List of Polish naval and maritime flags">naval and maritime</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Polish_voivodeships" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of Polish voivodeships">voivodeships</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_flags" title="List of Portuguese flags">Portugal</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_personal_standards_of_the_Kings_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of personal standards of the Kings of Portugal">personal standards</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_municipal_flags" title="List of Portuguese municipal flags">municipalities</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_flags" title="List of Romanian flags">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_flags" title="List of Russian flags">Russia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Flags of the federal subjects of Russia">federal subjects</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sakha_flags" title="List of Sakha flags">Sakha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_navy_flags" title="List of Russian navy flags">Russian Navy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sammarinese_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sammarinese flags">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_flags" title="List of Serbian flags">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_flags" title="List of Slovak flags">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_flags" title="List of Slovenian flags">Slovenia</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="commons:Флаги Союза Советских Социалистических Республик">Soviet Union</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Soviet_Republics" title="Flags of the Soviet Republics">republics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_USSR_navy_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of USSR navy flags">Soviet Navy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_flags" title="List of Spanish flags">Spain</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Flags of the autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_flags_of_Spain" title="List of provincial flags of Spain">provinces</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Sweden" title="List of flags of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_flags" title="List of Swiss flags">Switzerland</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Flags and arms of cantons of Switzerland">cantons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_arms_of_municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Flags and arms of municipalities of Switzerland">municipalities</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_flags" title="List of Turkish flags">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ukrainian_flags" title="List of Ukrainian flags">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_Ukraine" title="Flags of the regions of Ukraine">oblasts</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_flags" title="List of United Kingdom flags">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_flags" title="List of English flags">England</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornish_flags" title="List of Cornish flags">Cornwall</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_used_in_Northern_Ireland" title="List of flags used in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_flags" title="List of Scottish flags">Scotland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_flags" title="List of Welsh flags">Wales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Flags of cities, towns and villages in the United Kingdom">cities, towns and villages</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historical_flags_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_overseas_territories" title="Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories">British Empire</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_Papacy" title="List of flags of the Papacy">Vatican City/Holy See</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_flags" title="List of Yugoslav flags">Yugoslavia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_North_America" title="Flags of North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antiguan_and_Barbudan_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Antiguan and Barbudan flags">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bahamian_flags" title="List of Bahamian flags">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barbadian_flags" title="List of Barbadian flags">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belizean_flags" title="List of Belizean flags">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_flags" title="List of Canadian flags">Canada</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_lieutenant_governors_of_Canada" title="Flags of the lieutenant governors of Canada">lieutenant governors</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Costa_Rican_flags" title="List of Costa Rican flags">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_flags" title="List of Cuban flags">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dominican_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dominican flags">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dominican_Republic_flags" title="List of Dominican Republic flags">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Salvadoran_flags" title="List of Salvadoran flags">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grenadian_flags" title="List of Grenadian flags">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guatemalan_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Guatemalan flags">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Haitian_flags" title="List of Haitian flags">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Honduran_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Honduran flags (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jamaican_flags" title="List of Jamaican flags">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_flags" title="List of Mexican flags">Mexico</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/State_flags_of_Mexico" title="State flags of Mexico">states</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_municipal_flags" title="List of Mexican municipal flags">municipalities</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nicaraguan_flags" title="List of Nicaraguan flags">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Panamanian_flags" title="List of Panamanian flags">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kittitian_and_Nevisian_flags" title="List of Kittitian and Nevisian flags">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Saint_Lucian_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Saint Lucian flags (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Saint_Vincentian_and_Grenadinian_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Saint Vincentian and Grenadinian flags (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_flags" title="List of Trinidadian and Tobagonian flags">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" title="Flags of the U.S. states and territories">states and territories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ensign_of_the_United_States" title="Ensign of the United States">ensigns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_of_the_United_States" title="Jack of the United States">jacks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Flags of the United States Armed Forces">armed forces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Rican_flags" title="List of Puerto Rican flags">Puerto Rico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="Flags of the Confederate States of America">CSA</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Oceania" title="Flags of Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_flags" title="List of Australian flags">Australia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Governors_of_the_Australian_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of the Governors of the Australian states">state governors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Christmas_Island" title="List of flags of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="List of flags of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Norfolk_Island" title="List of flags of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Micronesian_flags" title="List of Micronesian flags">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fijian_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fijian flags">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_I-Kiribati_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of I-Kiribati flags (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marshallese_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Marshallese flags">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nauruan_Flags" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nauruan Flags">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_flags" title="List of New Zealand flags">New 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>176 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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