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src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Cloramina" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Cloramina" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Cloramina" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Cloramina" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Síntesi_i_reaccions_químiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Síntesi_i_reaccions_químiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Síntesi i reaccions químiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Síntesi_i_reaccions_químiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usos_en_el_tractament_d'aigües" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usos_en_el_tractament_d'aigües"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usos en el tractament d'aigües</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usos_en_el_tractament_d'aigües-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Situacions_en_què_caldria_eliminar_la_cloramina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situacions_en_què_caldria_eliminar_la_cloramina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Situacions en què caldria eliminar la cloramina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Situacions_en_què_caldria_eliminar_la_cloramina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cloramines_orgàniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cloramines_orgàniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cloramines orgàniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cloramines_orgàniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cloramina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 26 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="أحادي كلورامين - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أحادي كلورامين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloramin" title="Chloramin - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chloramin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochloramin" title="Monochloramin - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Monochloramin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Χλωραμίνη - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χλωραμίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochloramine" title="Monochloramine - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Monochloramine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloramino" title="Kloramino - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kloramino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloramina" title="Cloramina - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cloramina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloramina" title="Kloramina - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kloramina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klooriamiini" title="Klooriamiini - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Klooriamiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Միաքլորամին - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միաքլորամին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloramina" title="Kloramina - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kloramina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clorammine" title="Clorammine - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Clorammine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3" title="クロラミン - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クロラミン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хлорамин - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хлорамин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%AF%BC" title="클로라민 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="클로라민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlooramine" title="Chlooramine - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chlooramine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroamina" title="Chloroamina - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chloroamina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloramina" title="Cloramina - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cloramina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloramin%C4%83" title="Cloramină - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cloramină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хлорамин - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хлорамин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hloroamin" title="Hloroamin - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hloroamin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хлороамин - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хлороамин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloramin" title="Kloramin - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kloramin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="குளோரமீன் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குளோரமீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Хлорамін - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хлорамін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA" title="氯胺 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氯胺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q409375#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cloramina" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Cloramina" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cloramina"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cloramina"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Cloramina" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Cloramina" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&oldid=30841008" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Cloramina&id=30841008&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCloramina"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCloramina"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Cloramina"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cloramina&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chloramine" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q409375" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Test_tube_icon.svg/22px-Test_tube_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Test_tube_icon.svg/33px-Test_tube_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Test_tube_icon.svg/44px-Test_tube_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></span>Cloramina</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Substància química</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q113145171" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q113145171">tipus d'entitat química</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409375?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Massa molecular</th><td class="infobox-data">50,988 Da <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409375?uselang=ca#P2067" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: #b0d1ad;">Estructura química</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Fórmula química</th><td class="infobox-data"><big>ClH₂N</big> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409375?uselang=ca#P274" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Chloramine-2D.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chloramine-2D.png/300px-Chloramine-2D.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chloramine-2D.png/450px-Chloramine-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chloramine-2D.png/600px-Chloramine-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="714" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P233" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P233">SMILES canònic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="" style="width:100%;" align="left"></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdkdepict-openchem.rhcloud.com/depict/bow/svg?smi=%241&zoom=2.0&annotate=none">Model 2D</a><br />NCl <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409375?uselang=ca#P233" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P234" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P234">Identificador InChI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?&model=InChI=InChI=1S/ClH2N/c1-2/h2H2">Model 3D</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409375?uselang=ca#P234" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: #b0d1ad;">Propietat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Punt de fusió</th><td class="infobox-data">−66 °C <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409375?uselang=ca#P2101" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>cloramina</b> (monocloramina) és un <a href="/wiki/Compost_qu%C3%ADmic" title="Compost químic">compost químic</a> la <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Fórmula química">fórmula</a> del qual és NH₂Cl. Normalment s'utilitza en solució diluïda quan s'empra com a <a href="/wiki/Desinfectant" title="Desinfectant">desinfectant</a>. El terme <i>cloramina</i> també es refereix a un grup de <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_org%C3%A0nica" title="Química orgànica">compostos orgànics</a> que segueixen les fórmules R₂NCl i RNCl₂ (en què R és un radical orgànic). La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicloramina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicloramina (encara no existeix)">dicloramina</a> (NHCl₂) i el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triclorur_de_nitrogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triclorur de nitrogen (encara no existeix)">triclorur de nitrogen</a> (NCl₃) també són ben coneguts. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Síntesi_i_reaccions_químiques"><span id="S.C3.ADntesi_i_reaccions_qu.C3.ADmiques"></span>Síntesi i reaccions químiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Síntesi i reaccions químiques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La cloramina és un compost altament inestable en forma concentrada, però encara ho és molt més com a líquid pur. La cloramina pura es descompon violentament per sobre de −40 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No obstant això, la cloramina és bastant estable en solució diluïda, i aquesta considerable estabilitat és la base de les seves aplicacions. </p><p>La cloramina es prepara mitjançant la <a href="/wiki/Reacci%C3%B3_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Reacció química">reacció química</a> entre l'<a href="/wiki/Amon%C3%ADac" title="Amoníac">amoníac</a> i l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80cid_hipoclor%C3%B3s" title="Àcid hipoclorós">àcid hipoclorós</a><sup id="cite_ref-ref29_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref29-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en condicions lleugerament alcalines: </p> <dl><dd>NH₃ + HOCl → NH₂Cl + H₂O</dd></dl> <p>La síntesi es du a terme en solució diluïda. En aquesta reacció, l'àcid hipoclorós (HClO) és atacat per l'amoníac (NH₃), que és un <a href="/wiki/Nucle%C3%B2fil" title="Nucleòfil">nucleòfil</a>. A pH més baixos, té lloc més cloració. </p><p>Aquesta síntesi és útil però no proporciona cloramina en forma pura. La substància pura es pot preparar posant en contacte <a href="/wiki/Fluoramina" title="Fluoramina">fluoramina</a> amb <a href="/wiki/Clorur_de_calci" title="Clorur de calci">clorur de calci</a>: </p> <dl><dd>NH₂F + CaCl₂ → NH₂Cl + CaClF</dd></dl> <p>La cloramina és un producte intermedi clau en la síntesi tradicional de la <a href="/wiki/Hidrazina" title="Hidrazina">hidrazina</a>. </p><p>La monocloramina oxida els sulfhidrals i els disulfurs de la mateixa manera que l'àcid hipoclorós,<sup id="cite_ref-ref46_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref46-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> però només té un 0,4% de l'efecte biocida d'aquest àcid.<sup id="cite_ref-ref64_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref64-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usos_en_el_tractament_d'aigües"><span id="Usos_en_el_tractament_d.27aig.C3.BCes"></span>Usos en el tractament d'aigües</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Usos en el tractament d'aigües"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La cloramina s'utilitza amb freqüència a <a href="/wiki/Concentraci%C3%B3" title="Concentració">concentracions</a> baixes com a <a href="/wiki/Desinfectant" title="Desinfectant">desinfectant</a> dels sistemes municipals de tractament d'aigües com a alternativa a la <a href="/wiki/Cloraci%C3%B3" title="Cloració">cloració</a>. Aquesta aplicació és cada cop més freqüent. S'està substituint el <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a> (de vegades es parla de <b>clor lliure</b>) per la cloramina, que és molt més estable i no es dissipa de l'<a href="/wiki/Aigua" title="Aigua">aigua</a> abans d'arribar als usuaris. La cloramina també presenta menys tendència a convertir els materials orgànics en clorocarburs com ara el <a href="/wiki/Cloroform" title="Cloroform">cloroform</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Tetraclorur_de_carboni" title="Tetraclorur de carboni">tetraclorur de carboni</a>. Aquests compostos han estat identificats com a <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinogen">carcinògens</a> i el 1979 l'EPA, l'agència nord-americana de protecció del medi ambient, va començar a regular-ne els nivells a l'aigua de beguda dels Estats Units. A més, l'aigua tractada amb cloramina no fa l'olor de clor característica del tractament amb gas i, per tant, se n'ha millorat el gust. </p><p>A l'aigua de l'aixeta, la cloramina li dona un to verdós quan l'aigua es troba en grans quantitats, a diferència del to blavós normal de l'aigua pura o de l'aigua que conté només clor lliure com a desinfectant. Aquest color verdós es pot observar si s'omple una galleda blanca de polietilè amb aigua de l'aixeta tractada amb cloramina i es compara amb aigua que no tingui cloramina, com ara l'aigua destil·lada o una mostra d'aigua de piscina. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Rkinch_chloramine_pool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rkinch_chloramine_pool.jpg/220px-Rkinch_chloramine_pool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rkinch_chloramine_pool.jpg/330px-Rkinch_chloramine_pool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rkinch_chloramine_pool.jpg/440px-Rkinch_chloramine_pool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Piscina nova que es va omplir inicialment amb aigua de l'aixeta tractada amb cloramina, la qual mostra un color verdós en grans volums d'aigua. El color és menys aparent en volums més petits, però es pot notar en una galleda blanca d'uns 20 litres o, fins i tot, es pot detectar lleugerament en un got de vidre si s'examina detingudament.</figcaption></figure><p> La cloramina es pot eliminar de l'aigua de l'aixeta mitjançant un tractament de supercloració (10 ppm o més de clor lliure, cosa que s'aconseguiria, per exemple, amb una dosi de lleixiu o d'un desinfectant de piscines que contingui hipoclorit sòdic) mentre es manté el pH al voltant de 7 (per exemple, amb una dosi d'àcid clorhídric). L'àcid hipoclorós procedent del clor lliure deslliga l'amoníac de la cloramina, i l'amoníac es desprèn de la superfície del volum d'aigua. Aquest procés tarda unes 24 hores per a les concentracions normals d'aigua de l'aixeta, que és de poques ppm de cloramina. El clor residual lliure es pot eliminar aleshores per exposició a la llum brillant del sol durant unes 4 hores. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Situacions_en_què_caldria_eliminar_la_cloramina"><span id="Situacions_en_qu.C3.A8_caldria_eliminar_la_cloramina"></span>Situacions en què caldria eliminar la cloramina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Situacions en què caldria eliminar la cloramina"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els propietaris d'<a href="/wiki/Aquari_(recipient)" title="Aquari (recipient)">aquaris</a> haurien d'eliminar la cloramina de l'aigua de l'aixeta perquè és <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B2xic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tòxic">tòxica</a> per als <a href="/wiki/Peixos" title="Peixos">peixos</a>. El <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a> s'elimina de l'<a href="/wiki/Aigua" title="Aigua">aigua</a> al cap d'uns quants dies però la cloramina, que és més estable, no s'elimina i es pot neutralitzar amb productes que es venen a les botigues d'animals. </p><p>Molts animals són sensibles a la cloramina; per tant, cal eliminar-la de l'aigua de molts animals del zoo. </p><p>La cloramina també s'ha d'eliminar prèviament de l'aigua que s'utilitza per a les màquines de <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A0lisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Diàlisi">diàlisi</a>, ja que entraria en contacte amb el corrent sanguini a través de la membrana permeable. No obstant això, com que la cloramina és neutralitzada pel procés digestiu, els pacients en diàlisi poden continuar bevent aigua tractada amb cloramina sense cap problema. </p><p>Els <a href="/wiki/Cervesa" title="Cervesa">cervesers</a> artesans utilitzen agents reductors com ara el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disulfit_de_sodi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disulfit de sodi (encara no existeix)">disulfit de sodi</a> o el <a href="/wiki/Disulfit_de_potassi" title="Disulfit de potassi">disulfit de potassi</a> per eliminar la cloramina del licor amb què es prepara la cervesa, ja que, a diferència del <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a>, no es pot eliminar per ebullició (A.J. DeLange). El sodi residual pot donar un gust indesitjat a la cervesa (vegeu <i>Brewing</i>, de Michael Lewis) i, per tant, és preferible el bisulfit de potassi. </p><p>A les piscines, les cloramines es formen per reacció del clor lliure amb substàncies orgàniques. En comparació amb el clor lliure, les cloramines són a la vegada menys efectives com a desinfectants i més irritants per als ulls dels banyistes. Quan aquests es queixen de tenir els ulls irritats per culpa de «massa clor» a la piscina, normalment el problema és un nivell alt de cloramines, causat per massa «poc» clor en relació amb la quantitat de matèria orgànica. Els equips de comprovació dissenyats per a piscines particulars són sensibles tant al clor lliure com a les cloramines, cosa que pot induir a error. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cloramines_orgàniques"><span id="Cloramines_org.C3.A0niques"></span>Cloramines orgàniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Cloramines orgàniques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Es coneixen diverses cloramines orgàniques d'utilitat comprovada en <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADntesi_org%C3%A0nica" title="Síntesi orgànica">síntesi orgànica</a>. Com a exemples, hi ha la <i>N</i>-cloromorfolina [ClN(CH₂CH₂)₂O], la <i>N</i>-cloro<a href="/wiki/Piperidina" title="Piperidina">piperidina</a> i el clorur de <i>N</i>-cloro<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quinuclidina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quinuclidina (encara no existeix)">quinuclidini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-12-352651-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-12-352651-5">ISBN 0-12-352651-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref29-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ref29_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fair, G. M., J. C. Morris, S. L. Chang, I. Weil, and R. P. Burden. 1948. The behavior of chlorine as a water disinfectant. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 40:1051-1061.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref46-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ref46_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacangelo, J. G., V. P. Olivieri, and K. Kawata. 1987. Oxidation of sulfhydryl groups by monochloramine. Water Res. 21:1339-1344.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref64-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ref64_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, J. C. 1966. Future of chlorination. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 58:1475-1482.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindsay Smith, J. R.; McKeer, L. C.; Taylor, J. M. "4-Chlorination of Electron-Rich Benzenoid Compounds: 2,4-Dichloromethoxybenzene" Organic Syntheses, CollectedVolume 8, p.167 (1993)..<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV8P0167.pdf">http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV8P0167.pdf</a> descriu algunes <i>N</i>-cloramines</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloramina&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chloramine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chloramine">Cloramina</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html#mcls">Els nivells màxims de contaminants per a l'EPA</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepticalaquarist.com/docs/water/chlorine.shtml">El clor i les cloramines a l'aquari d'aigua dolça</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080726165657/http://www.skepticalaquarist.com/docs/water/chlorine.shtml">Arxivat</a> 2008-07-26 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfwater.org/mto_main.cfm/MC_ID/13/MSC_ID/166/MTO_ID/399">Preguntes més freqüents sobre la cloramina, de la Comissió de Serveis Públics de San Francisco</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cie.iarc.fr/htdocs/monographs/vol52/01-water.htm">"Chlorinated drinking water", monografia de la IARC, l'Agència Internacional per a la Recerca sobre el Càncer (1991)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051012231045/http://www-cie.iarc.fr/htdocs/monographs/vol52/01-water.htm">Arxivat</a> 2005-10-12 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" 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