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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-水处理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水处理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>水处理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-水处理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关水处理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-水处理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-饮用水消毒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#饮用水消毒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>饮用水消毒</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-饮用水消毒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-游泳池消毒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#游泳池消毒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>游泳池消毒</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-游泳池消毒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-安全性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#安全性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>安全性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-安全性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-制备" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#制备"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>制备</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-制备-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">氯胺</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。26种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="أحادي كلورامين – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أحادي كلورامين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloramina" title="Cloramina – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cloramina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloramin" title="Chloramin – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chloramin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochloramin" title="Monochloramin – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Monochloramin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Χλωραμίνη – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χλωραμίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochloramine" title="Monochloramine – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Monochloramine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloramino" title="Kloramino – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kloramino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloramina" title="Cloramina – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cloramina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloramina" title="Kloramina – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kloramina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klooriamiini" title="Klooriamiini – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Klooriamiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Միաքլորամին – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միաքլորամին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloramina" title="Kloramina – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kloramina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clorammine" title="Clorammine – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Clorammine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3" title="クロラミン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クロラミン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хлорамин – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хлорамин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%AF%BC" title="클로라민 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="클로라민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlooramine" title="Chlooramine – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chlooramine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroamina" title="Chloroamina – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chloroamina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloramina" title="Cloramina – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cloramina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloramin%C4%83" title="Cloramină – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cloramină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хлорамин – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хлорамин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hloroamin" title="Hloroamin – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hloroamin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хлороамин – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хлороамин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloramin" title="Kloramin – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kloramin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="குளோரமீன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குளோரமீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Хлорамін – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хлорамін" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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</div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chloramine" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q409375" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84001320">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox nounderlines" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="background-color:#f0f0f0; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-color: #aaaaaa; border-style:solid; border:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show; width:305px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; text-align:center; background:#d6e0dc;">氯胺 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chloramine-2D.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chloramine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chloramine-2D.png/140px-Chloramine-2D.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chloramine-2D.png/210px-Chloramine-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chloramine-2D.png/280px-Chloramine-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="714" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chloramine-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chloramine"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chloramine-3D-vdW.png/140px-Chloramine-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chloramine-3D-vdW.png/210px-Chloramine-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chloramine-3D-vdW.png/280px-Chloramine-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="959" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>英文名 </td> <td><span lang="en">Chloramine</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>别名 </td> <td>氯代氨<br />一氯代氨 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">识别 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=10599-90-3">10599-90-3</a></span> <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25423">25423</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/23735">23735</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SMILES" class="mw-redirect" title="SMILES">SMILES</a> </td> <td><div style="word-break:break-all;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div> </div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span lang="en">ClN</span></li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86" title="国际化合物标识">InChI</a> </td> <td><div style="word-break:break-all;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div> </div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1/ClH2N/c1-2/h2H2</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86" title="国际化合物标识">InChIKey</a> </td> <td><small>QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYAS</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">性质 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a> </td> <td><span lang="en">NH<sub>2</sub>Cl</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="摩尔质量">摩尔质量</a> </td> <td>51.48 g·mol⁻¹ </td></tr> <tr> <td>外观 </td> <td>無色 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a> </td> <td>−66 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="溶解性">溶解性</a>（其他溶劑） </td> <td>可溶 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">相关物质 </th></tr> <tr> <td>相关化学品 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AE" title="三氯化氮">三氯化氮</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">若非注明，所有数据均出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="标准状态">标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）</a>下。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>氯胺</b>，又稱<b>氯代氨</b>，是一种<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="無機化合物">無機化合物</a>，为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>中一个（一氯代氨）、二个（二氯代氨）或者三个（三氯化氮）氢原子被氯取代之后得到之氨衍生物。氯胺一词也指一系列化学式為 R<sub>2</sub>NCl 及 RNCl<sub>2 </sub> 的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机化合物">有机化合物</a>。 </p><p>一氯代氨的化学式是NH<sub>2</sub>Cl，为不稳定的无色液体，<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>−66 °C（−87 °F），通常以水溶液的形式储存和使用。该溶液有时被用作<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E6%AF%92" title="消毒">消毒劑</a>。由於其不穩定性，其沸点無法测量。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="水处理"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E5.A4.84.E7.90.86"></span>水处理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：水处理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>氯胺可用于水的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E6%AF%92" title="消毒">消毒</a>，与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94" title="氯气">氯气</a>相比较为温和，与<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="次氯酸盐">次氯酸盐</a>相比更加稳定。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="饮用水消毒"><span id=".E9.A5.AE.E7.94.A8.E6.B0.B4.E6.B6.88.E6.AF.92"></span>饮用水消毒</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：饮用水消毒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>低浓度的NH<sub>2</sub>Cl在市政<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="供水系統">供水系统</a>中作为二级<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E6%AF%92" title="消毒">消毒</a>剂。其应用与日俱增，并逐渐取代<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94" title="氯气">氯气</a>（在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="水处理">水处理</a>过程中被称为<b>游离氯</b>）。NH<sub>2</sub>Cl远比游离氯稳定，且不易在水中被浪费。相对比起游离氯，其与<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机化合物">有机化合物</a>反应形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机氯化合物">有机氯化合物</a>的趋势较小，但依旧存在；这些有机氯化合物包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E4%BB%BF" title="氯仿">氯仿</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="四氯化碳">四氯化碳</a>；这些物质在已被确定为<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E7%99%8C%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="致癌物質">致癌物质</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国国家环境保护局">美国国家环境保护局</a>从1979年起开始管控饮用水中的这些有机氯化合物的浓度。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>与此同时，一些不受管制的副产品有可能造成更大的健康风险。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以氯胺净水亦可能增加饮用水中<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>含量，尤其是对于老旧住宅而言。暴露于此种高铅浓度的条件下，或导致血液中铅含量增加，并可能造成重大健康风险。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="游泳池消毒"><span id=".E6.B8.B8.E6.B3.B3.E6.B1.A0.E6.B6.88.E6.AF.92"></span>游泳池消毒</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：游泳池消毒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E6%B3%B3%E6%B1%A0" title="游泳池">游泳池</a>中，氯胺通过游离氯与诸如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E6%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="尿液">尿液</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%97%E6%B6%B2" title="汗液">汗液</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%82%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="皮肤">皮肤</a>细胞等物质当中的有机物反应而生成。相对比起游离氯，其<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%80%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="杀菌">杀菌</a>效果较差；而且若不能适当地控制，其对于游泳者的眼睛亦会具有更强的刺激性。氯胺也是游泳池中独特的“氯”的味道的来源。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一些为私人游泳池设计的测试工具无法区分游离氯与氯胺，这或导致游泳池中的氯胺浓度不适当。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>亦有证据显示，暴露于氯胺会引起游泳者的<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93" title="呼吸道">呼吸道</a>问题，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AE%E5%96%98" title="哮喘">哮喘</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>对于竞技游泳运动员，呼吸道问题常见而普遍。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="安全性"><span id=".E5.AE.89.E5.85.A8.E6.80.A7"></span>安全性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：安全性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>基于过往数据，美国国家环境保护局（EPA）制定的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%B2%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%AA%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="飲用水水質標準">饮用水水质标准</a>限制公众供水系统中氯胺含量不得多于 4 <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%90%AC%E5%88%86%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="百萬分率">ppm</a>。为了达到EPA规定的卤化<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="消毒副产物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="disinfection by-product"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E6%AF%92%E5%89%AF%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="消毒副产物（页面不存在）">消毒副产物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/disinfection_by-product" class="extiw" title="en:disinfection by-product"><span lang="en" dir="auto">disinfection by-product</span></a></span>）</span></span>限量标准，许多公用事业部门正在把净化方式从<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96" title="氯化">氯化</a>转向<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氯胺化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="chloramination"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氯胺化（页面不存在）">氯胺化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chloramination" class="extiw" title="en:chloramination"><span lang="en" dir="auto">chloramination</span></a></span>）</span></span>。虽然氯胺化产生的卤化消毒副产物较少，但可产生更高浓度的未受管控的含碘副产物及<a href="/wiki/N-%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E8%83%BA" title="N-亚硝基二甲胺"><i>N</i>-亚硝基二甲胺</a>；<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Richardson07_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson07-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 此二者皆已被证明具有<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7" title="遺傳毒性">遗传毒性</a><sup id="cite_ref-Richardson07_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson07-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>用作<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E9%80%8F%E6%9E%90" title="血液透析">血液透析</a><sup id="cite_ref-dialysis_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialysis-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%BB%E6%AE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="养殖">养殖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%80%95%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9" title="水耕栽培">水耕栽培</a><sup id="cite_ref-hydroponic_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydroponic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E9%85%BF%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="自酿啤酒">自酿啤酒</a>时，应当设法除去水中的氯胺。在用作透析时，若氯胺进入血液中，可能会导致<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A1%80%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%AB%E8%A1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溶血性贫血（页面不存在）">溶血性贫血</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-dialysis_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialysis-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 若水耕栽培的培养液中混入氯胺，则会延缓植物的生长。<sup id="cite_ref-hydroponic_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydroponic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="制备"><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span>制备</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：制备"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>氯胺可以透過<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8" title="次氯酸">次氯酸</a>根反应制得：NH<sub>3</sub> + <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="次氯酸根">ClO<sup>−</sup></a> → NH<sub>2</sub>Cl + <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B9" title="氢氧根">OH<sup>−</sup></a> <sup id="cite_ref-ref29_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref29-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此反应必须在弱碱性 (<a href="/wiki/PH" class="mw-redirect" title="PH">pH</a> 8.5–11)的环境下进行。进行反应的氯化剂是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8" title="次氯酸">次氯酸</a>，其通过<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-disambig" title="氢离子">氢离子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="次氯酸根">次氯酸根</a>反应生成，而后参与氨取代产生氢氧根的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="亲核取代反应">亲核取代反应</a>。此反应在 pH 约为8时反应最快；若 pH 过高，则次氯酸浓度过小；若 pH 过低，则氨形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B5%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="铵根">铵根</a>，而后者不发生上述反应。氯胺可通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E8%92%B8%E9%A6%8F" title="真空蒸馏">真空蒸馏</a>，并将蒸汽通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="碳酸钾">碳酸钾</a>（干燥剂）浓缩。氯胺也可以通过乙醚萃取。 </p><p>气态氯胺亦可通过氨气和氯气反应得到（过程中用氮气稀释）： </p> <dl><dd>2 NH<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) ⇌ NH<sub>2</sub>Cl(g) + <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B5" title="氯化铵">NH<sub>4</sub>Cl</a>(s)</dd></dl> <p>纯氯胺可将<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E8%83%BA" title="氟胺">氟胺</a>吹过<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%99" class="mw-redirect" title="氯化钙">氯化钙</a>得到： </p> <dl><dd>2 NH<sub>2</sub>F + CaCl<sub>2</sub> → 2 NH<sub>2</sub>Cl + <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%92%99" title="氟化钙">CaF<sub>2</sub></a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lawrence, Stephen A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.au/books?id=35xwBwjhe2MC&pg=PA172">Amines: Synthesis, Properties and Applications</a>. 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Environmental Health Perspectives. February 2007, <b>115</b> (2): 221–5. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1817676"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 1817676</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17384768"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 17384768</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1289%2Fehp.9432"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1289/ehp.9432</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&rft.atitle=Changes+in+Blood+Lead+Levels+Associated+with+Use+of+Chloramines+in+Water+Treatment+Systems&rft.au=Marie+Lynn+Miranda&rft.date=2007-02&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.pages=221-5&rft.volume=115&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1817676&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_environmental-health-perspectives_2007-02_115_2%2Fpage%2F221&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.9432&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17384768&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Donegan, Fran J.; David Short. 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NSW Government. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-02-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www0.health.nsw.gov.au/factsheets/environmental/control_chloramines.html">原始内容</a>存档于2011-04-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&rft.btitle=Controlling+Chloramines+in+Indoor+Swimming+Pools&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NSW+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww0.health.nsw.gov.au%2Ffactsheets%2Fenvironmental%2Fcontrol_chloramines.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hale, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intothebluesrq.com/newsletter/">Pool Service Information</a>. 2016-04-20 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-04-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405204355/http://intothebluesrq.com/newsletter/">存档</a>于2016-04-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.btitle=Pool+Service+Information&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fintothebluesrq.com%2Fnewsletter%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bougault, Valérie; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/adis/smd/2009/00000039/00000004/art00003">The Respiratory Health of Swimmers</a>. Sports Medicine. 2009, <b>39</b> (4): 295–312. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2165%2F00007256-200939040-00003"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2165/00007256-200939040-00003</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605014137/http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/adis/smd/2009/00000039/00000004/art00003">存档</a>于2011-06-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&rft.atitle=The+Respiratory+Health+of+Swimmers&rft.aufirst=Val%C3%A9rie&rft.aulast=Bougault&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Sports+Medicine&rft.pages=295-312&rft.volume=39&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Fadis%2Fsmd%2F2009%2F00000039%2F00000004%2Fart00003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2165%2F00007256-200939040-00003&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/w3273wx6n3734p38/">The determinants of prevalence of health complaints among young competitive swimmers</a>. 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Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research. 2007, <b>636</b> (1–3): 178–242. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17980649"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 17980649</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mrrev.2007.09.001"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.09.001</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&rft.atitle=Occurrence%2C+genotoxicity%2C+and+carcinogenicity+of+regulated+and+emerging+disinfection+by-products+in+drinking+water%3A+A+review+and+roadmap+for+research&rft.au=DeMarini%2C+David+M.&rft.au=Plewa%2C+Michael+J.&rft.au=Schoeny%2C+Rita&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Elizabeth+D.&rft.aufirst=Susan+D.&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research%2FReviews+in+Mutation+Research&rft.pages=178-242&rft.volume=636&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.mrrev.2007.09.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17980649&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dialysis-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dialysis_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialysis_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hakim, Nadey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kBh3DeQhb44C&pg=PA51#v=onepage&q&f=false">Artificial Organs</a>. London: Springer-Verlag. 2009: 51 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-06-14</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781848822818" title="Special:网络书源/9781848822818"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781848822818</a>. <q>Water that contains chloramine is safe for people to drink, bathe, and cook in because the digestive process neutralizes it. Chloramine can, however, easily harm patients if it enters the blood stream during the dialysis process causing <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E8%A1%80%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%AB%E8%A1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溶血性贫血（页面不存在）">hemolytic anemia</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&rft.aufirst=Nadey&rft.aulast=Hakim&rft.btitle=Artificial+Organs&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781848822818&rft.pages=51&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkBh3DeQhb44C%26pg%3DPA51%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hydroponic-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hydroponic_13-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hydroponic_13-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDateTerabayashiKobayashiFujime2005" class="citation">Date, S.; Terabayashi, S.; Kobayashi, Y.; Fujime, Y., Effects of chloramines concentration in nutrient solution and exposure time on plant growth in hydroponically cultured lettuce, Scientia Horticulturae, 2005, <b>103</b> (3): 257–265, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scienta.2004.06.019"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2004.06.019</span></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%AF%E8%83%BA&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chloramines+concentration+in+nutrient+solution+and+exposure+time+on+plant+growth+in+hydroponically+cultured+lettuce&rft.au=Fujime%2C+Y.&rft.au=Kobayashi%2C+Y.&rft.au=Terabayashi%2C+S.&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.aulast=Date&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Scientia+Horticulturae&rft.pages=257-265&rft.volume=103&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.scienta.2004.06.019&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref29-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref29_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fair, G. M., J. C. Morris, S. L. Chang, I. Weil, and R. P. Burden. 1948. The behavior of chlorine as a water disinfectant. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 40:1051-1061.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=氯胺&oldid=68712893">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=氯胺&oldid=68712893</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E8%83%BA" title="Category:无机胺">无机胺</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="Category:氯化物">氯化物</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B0%AE-%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="Category:氮-卤素化合物">氮-卤素化合物</a></li><li><a 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