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Land (Allemagne) — Wikipédia

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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=Land+%28Allemagne%29" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=Land+%28Allemagne%29" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. 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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Liste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politique_et_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politique_et_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politique et administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politique_et_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Politique et administration</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politique_et_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organisation_politique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_politique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Organisation politique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation_politique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compétences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compétences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Compétences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compétences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Représentation_fédérale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Représentation_fédérale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Représentation fédérale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Représentation_fédérale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Land (Allemagne)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 112 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deelstate_van_Duitsland" title="Deelstate van Duitsland – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Deelstate van Duitsland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_(Deutschland)" title="Land (Deutschland) – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Land (Deutschland)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%AD%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AB%E1%89%B5" title="የጀርመን ክፍላገራት – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የጀርመን ክፍላገራት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaus_d%27Alemanya" title="Estaus d&#039;Alemanya – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estaus d&#039;Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ولايات ألمانيا – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولايات ألمانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ولايات المانيا – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ولايات المانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaos_d%27Alema%C3%B1a" title="Estaos d&#039;Alemaña – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estaos d&#039;Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpaq_(Almaniya)" title="Torpaq (Almaniya) – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Torpaq (Almaniya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Германия ерҙәре – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Германия ерҙәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_wagian_ring_Jerman" title="Negara wagian ring Jerman – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Negara wagian ring Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesland_(Deitschland)" title="Bundesland (Deitschland) – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bundesland (Deitschland)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Землі Германіі – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Землі Германіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Адміністрацыйна-тэрытарыяльны падзел Нямеччыны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Адміністрацыйна-тэрытарыяльны падзел Нямеччыны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Федерални провинции на Германия – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Федерални провинции на Германия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stado%C3%B9_Alamagn" title="Stadoù Alamagn – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stadoù Alamagn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dke_savezne_pokrajine" title="Njemačke savezne pokrajine – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Njemačke savezne pokrajine" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_federat_alemany" title="Estat federat alemany – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat federat alemany" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Германин латтанаш – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Германин латтанаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ویلایەتەکانی ئەڵمانیا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلایەتەکانی ئەڵمانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_di_a_Germania" title="Stati di a Germania – corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Stati di a Germania" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmeck%C3%A9_spolkov%C3%A9_zem%C4%9B" title="Německé spolkové země – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Německé spolkové země" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95_(%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Федераци çĕрĕ (Германи) – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Федераци çĕрĕ (Германи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taleithiau_ffederal_yr_Almaen" title="Taleithiau ffederal yr Almaen – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Taleithiau ffederal yr Almaen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysklands_delstater" title="Tysklands delstater – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tysklands delstater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_(Deutschland)" title="Land (Deutschland) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Land (Deutschland)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyalet%C3%AA_Almanya" title="Eyaletê Almanya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Eyaletê Almanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ομόσπονδα κρατίδια της Γερμανίας – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ομόσπονδα κρατίδια της Γερμανίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="States of Germany" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federacia_lando_(Germanio)" title="Federacia lando (Germanio) – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Federacia lando (Germanio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_federado_(Alemania)" title="Estado federado (Alemania) – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado federado (Alemania)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liidumaa" title="Liidumaa – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liidumaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemaniako_estatuak" title="Alemaniako estatuak – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alemaniako estatuak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایالت‌های آلمان – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالت‌های آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_osavaltiot" title="Saksan osavaltiot – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksan osavaltiot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielsteaten_fan_D%C3%BAtsl%C3%A2n" title="Dielsteaten fan Dútslân – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dielsteaten fan Dútslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_de_Alema%C3%B1a" title="Estados de Alemaña – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estados de Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatyn_y_Ghermaan" title="Steatyn y Ghermaan – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Steatyn y Ghermaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="מדינות גרמניה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדינות גרמניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dke_savezne_pokrajine" title="Njemačke savezne pokrajine – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemačke savezne pokrajine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9metorsz%C3%A1g_tartom%C3%A1nyai" title="Németország tartományai – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Németország tartományai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3_(%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Նահանգ (Գերմանիա) – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նահանգ (Գերմանիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_federal_(Germania)" title="Stato federal (Germania) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Stato federal (Germania)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_bagian_di_Jerman" title="Negara bagian di Jerman – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara bagian di Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_di_Germania" title="Stati di Germania – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stati di Germania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_federati_della_Germania" title="Stati federati della Germania – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stati federati della Germania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86" title="ドイツの地方行政区分 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツの地方行政区分" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaptar_negara_bag%C3%A9an_Jerman" title="Dhaptar negara bagéan Jerman – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhaptar negara bagéan Jerman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გერმანიის ფედერალური მხარეები – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანიის ფედერალური მხარეები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Германия жерлері – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Германия жерлері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A3%BC" title="독일의 주 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일의 주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesland_(D%C3%BCtschland)" title="Bundesland (Dütschland) – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bundesland (Dütschland)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%C3%AAm%C3%AAn_Almanyay%C3%AA" title="Herêmên Almanyayê – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Herêmên Almanyayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_foederalis_(Germania)" title="Terra foederalis (Germania) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Terra foederalis (Germania)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_(D%C3%A4itschland)" title="Land (Däitschland) – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Land (Däitschland)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statos_de_Deutxland" title="Statos de Deutxland – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Statos de Deutxland" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stac_federei_de_la_Germania" title="Stac federei de la Germania – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Stac federei de la Germania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_(Jermania)" title="Land (Jermania) – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Land (Jermania)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokietijos_%C5%BEem%C4%97s" title="Vokietijos žemės – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokietijos žemės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81cijas_feder%C4%81l%C4%81s_zemes" title="Vācijas federālās zemes – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vācijas federālās zemes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagara_bagian_di_Jerman" title="Nagara bagian di Jerman – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nagara bagian di Jerman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Сојузни покраини во Германија – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сојузни покраини во Германија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="जर्मनीची राज्ये – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मनीची राज्ये" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_di_Jerman" title="Negeri di Jerman – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negeri di Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundsland_(D%C3%BC%C3%BCtschland)" title="Bundsland (Düütschland) – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bundsland (Düütschland)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deelstoaten_van_Duutslaand" title="Deelstoaten van Duutslaand – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Deelstoaten van Duutslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deelstaten_van_Duitsland" title="Deelstaten van Duitsland – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Deelstaten van Duitsland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delstatar_i_Tyskland" title="Delstatar i Tyskland – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Delstatar i Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="liste de qualité"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysklands_delstater" title="Tysklands delstater – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tysklands delstater" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_germani_federali_landes" title="Liste de germani federali landes – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Liste de germani federali landes" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_federat_d%27Alemanha" title="Estat federat d&#039;Alemanha – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estat federat d&#039;Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%85%D1%8B%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Германы зæххытæ – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Германы зæххытæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਜਰਮਨੀ ਦੇ ਰਾਜ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮਨੀ ਦੇ ਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_ning_Germany" title="States ning Germany – pampangan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="States ning Germany" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunnesland" title="Bunnesland – pennsilfaanisch" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Bunnesland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="pennsilfaanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_(Deutschland)" title="Land (Deutschland) – allemand palatin" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Land (Deutschland)" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="allemand palatin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraje_zwi%C4%85zkowe_Niemiec" title="Kraje związkowe Niemiec – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kraje związkowe Niemiec" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="جرمنی دیاں ریاستاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمنی دیاں ریاستاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_da_Alemanha" title="Estados da Alemanha – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estados da Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landurile_Germaniei" title="Landurile Germaniei – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Landurile Germaniei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Земли Германии – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Земли Германии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istados_federados_de_Germ%C3%A0nia" title="Istados federados de Germània – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istados federados de Germània" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land" title="Land – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Land" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_o_Germany" title="States o Germany – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="States o Germany" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A1%D9%8E_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="جرمنيءَ جون رياستون – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جرمنيءَ جون رياستون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiskka_oassest%C3%A1htat" title="Duiskka oassestáhtat – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Duiskka oassestáhtat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dke_pokrajine" title="Njemačke pokrajine – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Njemačke pokrajine" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ජර්මනියේ ප්‍රාන්තයන් – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජර්මනියේ ප්‍රාන්තයන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="States of Germany" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krajina_(Nemecko)" title="Krajina (Nemecko) – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krajina (Nemecko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C5%A1ka_zvezna_de%C5%BEela" title="Nemška zvezna dežela – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemška zvezna dežela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nj%C3%ABsit%C3%AB_federative_t%C3%AB_Gjermanis%C3%AB" title="Njësitë federative të Gjermanisë – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Njësitë federative të Gjermanisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Државе Њемачке – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Државе Њемачке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysklands_f%C3%B6rbundsl%C3%A4nder" title="Tysklands förbundsländer – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tysklands förbundsländer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majimbo_ya_Ujerumani" title="Majimbo ya Ujerumani – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Majimbo ya Ujerumani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="இடாய்ச்சுலாந்தின் மாநிலங்கள் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடாய்ச்சுலாந்தின் மாநிலங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="รัฐของประเทศเยอรมนี – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐของประเทศเยอรมนี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nder_ng_Alemanya" title="Länder ng Alemanya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Länder ng Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya%27n%C4%B1n_eyaletleri" title="Almanya&#039;nın eyaletleri – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanya&#039;nın eyaletleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Землі Німеччини – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Землі Німеччини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="جرمنی کی ریاستیں – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمنی کی ریاستیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniya_yerlari" title="Germaniya yerlari – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Germaniya yerlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_federai_de_%C5%82a_Zerm%C3%A0nia" title="Stati federai de ła Zermània – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Stati federai de ła Zermània" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bang_(%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c)" title="Bang (Đức) – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bang (Đức)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AAelstoat_(Duutsland)" title="Dêelstoat (Duutsland) – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Dêelstoat (Duutsland)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_estado_han_Alemanya" title="Mga estado han Alemanya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mga estado han Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%88%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%89" title="联邦州(德国) – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="联邦州(德国)" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="გერმანიაშ ფედერალური აკანეფი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანიაშ ფედერალური აკანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="דייטשע לענדער – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דייטשע לענדער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%8Cp%C3%ADnl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Jẹ́mánì – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Jẹ́mánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD)" title="联邦州 (德国) – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="联邦州 (德国)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-kok_%C3%AA_h%C3%AAng-ch%C3%A8ng-khu" title="Tek-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%84%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="德國各聯邦州 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德國各聯邦州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1221156#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Land" class="mw-disambig" title="Land">Land</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Map_Germany_L%C3%A4nder-fr2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_Germany_L%C3%A4nder-fr2.svg/310px-Map_Germany_L%C3%A4nder-fr2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_Germany_L%C3%A4nder-fr2.svg/465px-Map_Germany_L%C3%A4nder-fr2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_Germany_L%C3%A4nder-fr2.svg/620px-Map_Germany_L%C3%A4nder-fr2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Carte des seize Länder allemands.</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <i><b>Land</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ou <b>land</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand">allemand</a>&#160;: <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Land</i></span> <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,sans-serif;">/<a href="/wiki/API_l" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="&#91;l&#93; « l » dans « loup ».">l</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_a" class="mw-redirect" title="API a"><span title="&#91;a&#93; « a » dans « patte ».">a</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_n" class="mw-redirect" title="API n"><span title="&#91;n&#93; en français « n » dans « nous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">n</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_t" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="&#91;t&#93; en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a>/</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r216827669">.mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg")center left no-repeat;background-size:11px 11px;padding-left:15px;font-size:smaller}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg/11px-Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg.png")center left no-repeat}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg/11px-Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg.png")center left no-repeat}}</style><sup class="prononciation noprint"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:De-Land.ogg" title="Fichier:De-Land.ogg">Écouter</a></sup> ou <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Bundesland</i></span> <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,sans-serif;">/<a href="/wiki/API_%CB%88" class="mw-redirect" title="API ˈ"><span title="&#91;ˈ&#93; indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l&#39;accent tonique.">ˈ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_b" class="mw-redirect" title="API b"><span title="&#91;b&#93; « b » dans « beau ».">b</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʊ"><span title="&#91;ʊ&#93; en français canadien, « ou » dans « foule » ; en anglais, « u » dans « put ».">ʊ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_n" class="mw-redirect" title="API n"><span title="&#91;n&#93; en français « n » dans « nous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">n</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_d" class="mw-redirect" title="API d"><span title="&#91;d&#93; en français « d » dans « doux » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">d</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%C9%99" class="mw-redirect" title="API ə"><span title="&#91;ə&#93; « e » dans « refrain ».">ə</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_s" class="mw-redirect" title="API s"><span title="&#91;s&#93; en français « s » dans « sa » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière (tel le basque : « s » dans « euskara »).">s</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="API ˌ"><span title="&#91;ˌ&#93; indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l&#39;accent tonique secondaire.">ˌ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_l" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="&#91;l&#93; « l » dans « loup ».">l</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_a" class="mw-redirect" title="API a"><span title="&#91;a&#93; « a » dans « patte ».">a</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_n" class="mw-redirect" title="API n"><span title="&#91;n&#93; en français « n » dans « nous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">n</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_t" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="&#91;t&#93; en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a>/</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r216827669"><sup class="prononciation noprint"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:De-Bundesland.ogg" title="Fichier:De-Bundesland.ogg">Écouter</a></sup>&#160;; pluriel allemand&#160;: <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Länder</i></span> <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,sans-serif;">/<a href="/wiki/API_%CB%88" class="mw-redirect" title="API ˈ"><span title="&#91;ˈ&#93; indique que la syllabe ou voyelle suivante porte l&#39;accent tonique.">ˈ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_l" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="&#91;l&#93; « l » dans « loup ».">l</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%C9%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɛ"><span title="&#91;ɛ&#93; « è » dans « mère ».">ɛ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_n" class="mw-redirect" title="API n"><span title="&#91;n&#93; en français « n » dans « nous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">n</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_d" class="mw-redirect" title="API d"><span title="&#91;d&#93; en français « d » dans « doux » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">d</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%C9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɐ">ɐ</a>/</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r216827669"><sup class="prononciation noprint"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:De-L%C3%A4nder.ogg" title="Fichier:De-Länder.ogg">Écouter</a></sup>&#160;; pluriel français selon les rectifications de 1990<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;: <span class="lang-fr" lang="fr">lands</span>) est un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="État fédéré">État fédéré</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a>. </p><p>Depuis la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande" title="Réunification allemande">réunification en 1990</a>, la République fédérale d’Allemagne compte seize Länder&#160;: Bade-Wurtemberg, Basse-Saxe, Bavière, Berlin, Brandebourg, Brême, Hambourg, Hesse, Mecklenbourg-Poméranie Occidentale, Rhénanie du Nord - Westphalie, Rhénanie-Palatinat, Sarre, Saxe, Saxe-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein et Thuringe. Chacun dispose d'une constitution, d'une <a href="/wiki/Landtag_(Allemagne)" title="Landtag (Allemagne)">assemblée élue</a> et d'un <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_dirigeants_des_L%C3%A4nder_allemands" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des dirigeants des Länder allemands">gouvernement</a>. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ralisme" title="Fédéralisme">fédéralisme</a> est un principe fondamental de la <a href="/wiki/Loi_fondamentale_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_d%27Allemagne" title="Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d&#39;Allemagne">Constitution allemande</a> et les <i>Länder</i> sont ainsi dotés de nombreux pouvoirs, notamment en matière de police, d'éducation et de culture. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nom">Nom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Nom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Nom"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand">allemand</a>, «&#160;<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Land</i></span>&#160;» signifie littéralement «&#160;pays&#160;». En <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français">français</a>, nous utilisons soit l'orthographe allemande («&#160;Land&#160;» avec une <a href="/wiki/Capitale_et_majuscule" title="Capitale et majuscule">majuscule</a> initiale, pluriel&#160;: «&#160;Länder&#160;»)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, soit l'orthographe francisée («&#160;land&#160;» avec une minuscule initiale, pluriel&#160;: «&#160;lands&#160;» ou «&#160;länder&#160;»)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. «&#160;<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Land</i></span>&#160;» peut également être traduit par «&#160;<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat" title="État">État</a>&#160;». </p><p>On distingue parfois les <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Stadtstaaten</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9-%C3%89tat" title="Cité-État">cités-États</a>) —&#160;<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_de_Br%C3%AAme" title="Land de Brême">Brême</a> (composé de deux villes distinctes) et <a href="/wiki/Hambourg" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a>&#160;— des autres <i>Länder</i> (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Flächenländer</i></span>). Depuis la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande" title="Réunification allemande">réunification</a>, on distingue également les six nouveaux <i>Länder</i> (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Neue Bundesländer</i></span>) de l'ancienne <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande" title="République démocratique allemande">Allemagne de l'Est</a> des anciens <i>Länder</i> (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>alte Bundesländer</i></span>) de l'ancienne <a href="/wiki/Allemagne_de_l%27Ouest" title="Allemagne de l&#39;Ouest">Allemagne de l'Ouest</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Land_de_Br%C3%AAme" title="Land de Brême">Brême</a> et <a href="/wiki/Hambourg" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a> portent le nom officiel de <span class="citation">«&#160;ville libre et hanséatique&#160;»</span> (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Freie Hansestadt Bremen</i></span>, <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg</i></span>) qui rappelle leur statut ancien de <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9-%C3%89tat" title="Cité-État">cité-État</a> au sein du <a href="/wiki/Saint-Empire_romain_germanique" title="Saint-Empire romain germanique">Saint-Empire</a> et de la <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique" title="Confédération germanique">Confédération germanique</a> et leur participation à la <a href="/wiki/Hanse" title="Hanse">Ligue hanséatique</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Bavi%C3%A8re" title="Bavière">Bavière</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Saxe_(Land)" title="Saxe (Land)">Saxe</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Thuringe" title="Thuringe">Thuringe</a> portent également le nom officiel de <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i><a href="/wiki/Freistaat" title="Freistaat">Freistaat</a></i></span> (littéralement «&#160;État libre&#160;», synonyme de «&#160;<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique" title="République">république</a>&#160;»). Aucun de ces noms officiels ne dénote un statut juridique particulier. Par ailleurs les voitures immatriculées à Brême et à Hambourg, mais aussi à <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, portent en tête de leur numéro d'immatriculation les lettres HB, HH, HL, signifiant respectivement <i>Hansestadt Bremen, Hansestadt Hamburg, Hansestadt Lübeck,</i> où <i>Hansestadt</i> signifie <i>ville hanséatique</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liste">Liste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Liste" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liste"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depuis la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande" title="Réunification allemande">réunification</a> de <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">République fédérale d'Allemagne</a> compte seize Länder&#160;: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable">Localisation </th> <th class="unsortable">Drapeau </th> <th class="unsortable">Armoiries </th> <th>Nom </th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:DE" title="ISO 3166-2:DE">Abréviation</a> </th> <th>Capitale </th> <th>Population<br />(<abbr class="abbr" title="habitants">hab.</abbr>) </th> <th>Superficie<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Densité<br />(<abbr class="abbr" title="habitants">hab.</abbr>/km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a><br />(M€, 2017<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) </th> <th>PIB/hab<br />(€, 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Deutschland_Lage_von_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Deutschland_Lage_von_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Deutschland_Lage_von_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/60px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/80px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/40px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" 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style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000594447"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>594&#160;447<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500045810"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>45&#160;810<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_Berlins.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Deutschland_Lage_Berlins.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_Berlins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Deutschland_Lage_Berlins.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_Berlins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Deutschland_Lage_Berlins.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_Berlins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Berlin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/40px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/60px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/80px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:DEU_Berlin_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/80px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="739" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>,</b> ville-État </td> <td align="center">BE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50003677472"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>3&#160;677&#160;472<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi><br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500000089182"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0&#160;000</s>891,82<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000412400"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>4&#160;124<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000136614"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>136&#160;614<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500038032"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>38&#160;032<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Brandenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Brandenburg.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Brandenburg.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Brandenburg.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/80px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/80px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="611" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Brandebourg" title="Brandebourg">Brandebourg</a></b><br />(<i>Brandenburg</i>) </td> <td align="center">BB </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50002537868"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>2&#160;537&#160;868<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi><br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500002947861"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>29&#160;478,61<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000008600"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0&#160;000</s>86<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000069132"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>69&#160;132<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500027675"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>27&#160;675<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Bremen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Bremen.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Bremen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Bremen.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Bremen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Bremen.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Bremen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Bremen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/80px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bremen_Wappen(Mittel).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg/40px-Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg/60px-Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg/80px-Bremen_Wappen%28Mittel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="417" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%AAme_(Land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brême (Land)">Brême</a></b>, ville-État<br />(<i>Bremen</i>) </td> <td align="center">HB </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%AAme" title="Brême">Brême</a><br />(<i>Bremen</i>) </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000676463"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>676&#160;463<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> <br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500000040428"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0&#160;000</s>404,28<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000161300"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>1&#160;613<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000033662"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>33&#160;662<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500049570"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>49&#160;570<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Hamburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Hamburg.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Hamburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Hamburg.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Hamburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Hamburg.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Hamburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hamburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/80px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg/80px-DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="315" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hambourg" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a></b>, ville-État<br />(<i>Hamburg</i>) </td> <td align="center">HH </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hambourg" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a><br />(<i>Hamburg</i>) </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50001853935"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>1&#160;853&#160;935<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi><br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500000075526"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0&#160;000</s>755,26<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000245500"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>2&#160;455<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000117572"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>117&#160;572<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500064567"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>64&#160;567<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hesse.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/80px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="617" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hesse_(Land)" title="Hesse (Land)">Hesse</a></b><br />(<i>Hessen</i>) </td> <td align="center">HE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50006295017"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>6&#160;295&#160;017<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> <br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500002111494"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>21&#160;114,94<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000029800"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+000</s>298<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000279085"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>279&#160;085<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500044804"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>44&#160;804<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Deutschland_Lage_von_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Deutschland_Lage_von_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Deutschland_Lage_von_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28state%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28state%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28state%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_(great).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_%28great%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="548" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mecklembourg-Pom%C3%A9ranie-Occidentale" title="Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale">Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale</a></b><br />(<i>Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</i>) </td> <td align="center">MV </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50001611160"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>1&#160;611&#160;160<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi><br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500002318014"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>23&#160;180,14<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000006900"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0&#160;000</s>69<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000042783"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>42&#160;783<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500026560"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>26&#160;560<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/80px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="532" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nanie-du-Nord-Westphalie" title="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</a></b><br />(<i>Nordrhein-Westfalen</i>) </td> <td align="center">NW </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50017924591"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+</s>17&#160;924&#160;591<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi><br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500003408527"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>34&#160;085,27<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000052600"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+000</s>526<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000691518"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>691&#160;518<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500038645"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>38&#160;645<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Rheinland-Pfalz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Deutschland_Lage_von_Rheinland-Pfalz.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Rheinland-Pfalz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Deutschland_Lage_von_Rheinland-Pfalz.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Rheinland-Pfalz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Deutschland_Lage_von_Rheinland-Pfalz.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Rheinland-Pfalz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/40px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/60px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/80px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="580" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nanie-Palatinat" title="Rhénanie-Palatinat">Rhénanie-Palatinat</a></b><br />(<i>Rheinland-Pfalz</i>) </td> <td align="center">RP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mayence" title="Mayence">Mayence</a><br />(<i>Mainz</i>) </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50004106485"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>4&#160;106&#160;485<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi><br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500001985336"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>19&#160;853,36<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000020700"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+000</s>207<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000144308"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>144&#160;308<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500035455"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>35&#160;455<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_des_Saarlandes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Deutschland_Lage_des_Saarlandes.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_des_Saarlandes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Deutschland_Lage_des_Saarlandes.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_des_Saarlandes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Deutschland_Lage_des_Saarlandes.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_des_Saarlandes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Saarland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/80px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg/40px-Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg/60px-Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg/80px-Wappen_des_Saarlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sarre_(Land)" title="Sarre (Land)">Sarre</a></b><br />(<i>Saarland</i>) </td> <td align="center">SL </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarrebruck" title="Sarrebruck">Sarrebruck</a><br />(<i>Saarbrücken</i>) </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000982348"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>982&#160;348<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi><br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500000256870"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+000</s>2&#160;568,7<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000038200"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+000</s>382<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000035300"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>35&#160;300<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500035460"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>35&#160;460<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Sachsen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Sachsen.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Sachsen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Sachsen.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Sachsen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Deutschland_Lage_von_Sachsen.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Sachsen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Saxony.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/80px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000022000"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+000</s>220<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000121738"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>121&#160;738<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500029856"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>29&#160;856<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt.svg/80px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg/40px-Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg/60px-Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg/80px-Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="147" data-file-height="178" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Anhalt" title="Saxe-Anhalt">Saxe-Anhalt</a></b><br />(<i>Sachsen-Anhalt</i>) </td> <td align="center">ST </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magdebourg" title="Magdebourg">Magdebourg</a><br />(<i>Magdeburg</i>) </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50002169253"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>2&#160;169&#160;253<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi><br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500002044631"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>20&#160;446,31<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000010600"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+000</s>106<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000060095"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>60&#160;095<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500027221"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>27&#160;221<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Schleswig-Holstein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Deutschland_Lage_von_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Deutschland_Lage_von_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Deutschland_Lage_von_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/40px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/60px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/80px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="617" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></b> </td> <td align="center">SH </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50002922005"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>2&#160;922&#160;005<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi><br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500001579938"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>15&#160;799,38<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000018500"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+000</s>185<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000093367"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>93&#160;367<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500032342"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>32&#160;342<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Lage_von_Th%C3%BCringen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Deutschland_Lage_von_Th%C3%BCringen.svg/60px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Th%C3%BCringen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Deutschland_Lage_von_Th%C3%BCringen.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Th%C3%BCringen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Deutschland_Lage_von_Th%C3%BCringen.svg/120px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Th%C3%BCringen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Thuringia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="596" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Thuringe" title="Thuringe">Thuringe</a></b><br />(<i>Thüringen</i>) </td> <td align="center">TH </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50002108863"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>2&#160;108&#160;863<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi><br /><small>(31/12/21)</small> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500001617210"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>16&#160;172,1<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent"></s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$50000013000"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+000</s>130<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$5000061907"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+00</s>61&#160;907<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td> <td><bdi style="white-space:nowrap;font-feature-settings:&#39;tnum&#39;;font-variant:tabular-nums" class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="$500028747"><s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">+0</s>28&#160;747<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">,</s></bdi> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ralisme" title="Fédéralisme">fédéralisme</a> a une longue histoire en <a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a>. Le <a href="/wiki/Saint-Empire_romain_germanique" title="Saint-Empire romain germanique">Saint-Empire romain germanique</a> comprenait de très nombreux <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats_imp%C3%A9riaux" title="États impériaux">États</a> de statuts divers (princes temporels et ecclésiastiques, <a href="/wiki/Ville_libre_d%27Empire" title="Ville libre d&#39;Empire">villes libres</a>,&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>). Leur nombre est réduit lors des <a href="/wiki/Guerres_napol%C3%A9oniennes" title="Guerres napoléoniennes">guerres napoléoniennes</a> et, à l'issue du <a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_de_Vienne" title="Congrès de Vienne">congrès de Vienne</a> de 1815, trente-neuf États forment la <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique" title="Confédération germanique">Confédération germanique</a>. </p><p>Dissoute à l'issue de la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_austro-prussienne" title="Guerre austro-prussienne">guerre austro-prussienne</a>, la Confédération est remplacée par la <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_l%27Allemagne_du_Nord" title="Confédération de l&#39;Allemagne du Nord">Confédération de l'Allemagne du Nord</a> qui regroupe <span class="nowrap">22 États</span> du Nord sous domination <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Prusse" title="Royaume de Prusse">prussienne</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:DR1937.1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/DR1937.1.png/220px-DR1937.1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/DR1937.1.png/330px-DR1937.1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/DR1937.1.png/440px-DR1937.1.png 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="3260" /></a><figcaption>Les Länder de la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Weimar" title="République de Weimar">république de Weimar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>À l'issue de la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_franco-allemande_de_1870" title="Guerre franco-allemande de 1870">guerre franco-allemande de 1870</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_monarques_de_Prusse" title="Liste des monarques de Prusse">roi de Prusse</a> <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Ier_(empereur_allemand)" title="Guillaume Ier (empereur allemand)">Guillaume <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> devient <a href="/wiki/Empire_allemand" title="Empire allemand">empereur allemand</a>. L'empire comprend alors <span class="nowrap">25 États</span> dont trois cités-États (<a href="/wiki/Land_de_Br%C3%AAme" title="Land de Brême">Brême</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hambourg" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a> et <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>), auxquels s'ajoute le <i><span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/Reichsland" class="mw-disambig" title="Reichsland">Reichsland</a></span></i> d'<a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a>. </p><p>Après la <a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale" title="Première Guerre mondiale">Première Guerre mondiale</a>, à la suite des pertes territoriales du <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Versailles" title="Traité de Versailles">traité de Versailles</a>, les États qui font encore partie du territoire allemand abolissent leurs monarchies et deviennent les Länder de la nouvelle <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Weimar" title="République de Weimar">république de Weimar</a>. Après l'arrivée au pouvoir des <a href="/wiki/Parti_national-socialiste_des_travailleurs_allemands" title="Parti national-socialiste des travailleurs allemands">nazis</a>, le processus de <i><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i> (<span class="citation">«&#160;mise au pas&#160;»</span>) abolit <i>de facto</i> le fédéralisme dès 1933. Si les Länder ne sont pas formellement abolis, l'<a href="/wiki/Divisions_administratives_du_Troisi%C3%A8me_Reich" title="Divisions administratives du Troisième Reich">administration territoriale</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_Reich" title="Troisième Reich">Allemagne nazie</a> s'appuie en réalité sur les <a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau"><i>Gaue</i></a> dirigés par des <a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">gauleiter</a>, membres du <a href="/wiki/Parti_national-socialiste_des_travailleurs_allemands" title="Parti national-socialiste des travailleurs allemands">parti nazi</a> nommés par <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg/220px-Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg/330px-Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg/440px-Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="1273" /></a><figcaption>Les Länder au sein des zones d'occupation (1947-1949).</figcaption></figure> <p>Après la <a href="/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Occupation_de_l%27Allemagne_apr%C3%A8s_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Occupation de l&#39;Allemagne après la Seconde Guerre mondiale">Allemagne est occupée</a> et les gouvernements militaires alliés redécoupent les frontières des Länder de sorte qu'aucun ne dispose de plus de 30&#160;% de la population totale afin qu'aucun Land ne dispose d'autant de pouvoir que la <a href="/wiki/Prusse" title="Prusse">Prusse</a> en avait dans les régimes précédents. Seuls les Länder de Bavière, Brême, Hambourg, Hesse, Saxe et Thuringe subsistent (parfois avec des modifications de frontières) alors que la Rhénanie-Palatinat, la Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie et la Saxe-Anhalt sont créés en regroupant de petits États. En <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>, les Alliés américains, britanniques et français forment la <a href="/wiki/Allemagne_de_l%27Ouest" title="Allemagne de l&#39;Ouest">République fédérale d'Allemagne</a>&#160;: elle comprend alors onze Länder. Trois (le <a href="/wiki/Bade_(Land)" title="Bade (Land)">Bade</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Wurtemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Wurtemberg-Hohenzollern">Wurtemberg-Hohenzollern</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Wurtemberg-Bade" title="Wurtemberg-Bade">Wurtemberg-Bade</a>) fusionnent en 1952 pour former le <a href="/wiki/Bade-Wurtemberg" title="Bade-Wurtemberg">Bade-Wurtemberg</a>. En 1957, la <a href="/wiki/Sarre_(protectorat)" title="Sarre (protectorat)">Sarre</a> sous protectorat français rejoint la République fédérale&#160;: les dix Länder ainsi formés constituent les dix «&#160;anciens&#160;» Länder (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>alte Bundesländer</i></span>) de l'actuelle Allemagne. <a href="/wiki/Berlin-Ouest" title="Berlin-Ouest">Berlin-Ouest</a> fait <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> également partie de la République fédérale mais, bien que disposant <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> d'un statut particulier. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande" title="République démocratique allemande">République démocratique allemande</a> (RDA), cinq Länder sont créés mais ils sont remplacés dès 1952 par un système de districts. </p><p>En 1990, la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande" title="Réunification allemande">réunification</a> a lieu par la formation à nouveau des cinq Länder de RDA et leur adhésion à la République fédérale. Il s'agit des Länder de Thuringe, Saxe, Saxe-Anhalt, Brandebourg et Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politique_et_administration">Politique et administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Politique et administration" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Politique et administration"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisation_politique">Organisation politique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Organisation politique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Organisation politique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article connexe&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_dirigeants_des_L%C3%A4nder_allemands" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des dirigeants des Länder allemands">Liste des dirigeants des Länder allemands</a>.</div></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Loi_fondamentale_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_d%27Allemagne" title="Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d&#39;Allemagne">Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d'Allemagne</a> prévoit que <span class="citation">«&#160;L’ordre constitutionnel des Länder doit être conforme aux principes d’un État de droit républicain, démocratique et social&#160;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-GG_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GG-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les seize Länder disposent chacun de leur propre <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> et possèdent des institutions similaires&#160;: </p> <ul><li>le <a href="/wiki/Pouvoir_l%C3%A9gislatif" title="Pouvoir législatif">pouvoir législatif</a> appartient à un <a href="/wiki/Landtag_en_Allemagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Landtag en Allemagne">Landtag</a> (appelé <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Bürgerschaft</i></span> à <a href="/wiki/Land_de_Br%C3%AAme" title="Land de Brême">Brême</a> et <a href="/wiki/Hambourg" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chambre_des_d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s_(Berlin)" title="Chambre des députés (Berlin)">Chambre des députés</a> à <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>) élu au <a href="/wiki/Suffrage_universel" title="Suffrage universel">suffrage universel direct</a> avec une forme de <a href="/wiki/Scrutin_proportionnel_plurinominal" title="Scrutin proportionnel plurinominal">scrutin proportionnel</a>&#160;;</li> <li>le sénat (à <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_de_Br%C3%AAme" title="Land de Brême">Brême</a> et <a href="/wiki/Hambourg" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a>) ou gouvernement (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Staatsregierung</i></span> en <a href="/wiki/Bavi%C3%A8re" title="Bavière">Bavière</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxe_(Land)" title="Saxe (Land)">Saxe</a> et <a href="/wiki/Thuringe" title="Thuringe">Thuringe</a> ou <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Landesregierung</i></span> ailleurs) exerce le <a href="/wiki/Pouvoir_ex%C3%A9cutif" title="Pouvoir exécutif">pouvoir exécutif</a> et est responsable devant le Landtag&#160;; le chef du gouvernement est le président du Sénat à Brême (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Senatspräsident</i></span>), le premier bourgmestre à Hambourg (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Erster Bürgermeister</i></span>), le bourgmestre-gouverneur (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Regierender Bürgermeister</i></span>) à Berlin et le <a href="/wiki/Ministre-pr%C3%A9sident#Allemagne" title="Ministre-président">ministre-président</a> (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Ministerpräsident</i></span>) ailleurs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Subdivisions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Subdivisions"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Administration_territoriale_de_l%27Allemagne" title="Administration territoriale de l&#39;Allemagne">Administration territoriale de l'Allemagne</a>.</div></div> <p>Les Länder sont subdivisés en <a href="/wiki/District_(Allemagne)" title="District (Allemagne)">districts</a> (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Regierungsbezirke</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_arrondissements_d%27Allemagne" title="Liste des arrondissements d&#39;Allemagne">arrondissements</a> (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Kreise</i></span>) et <a href="/wiki/Commune_(Allemagne)" title="Commune (Allemagne)">communes</a> (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Gemeinden</i></span>). Les grandes villes constituent souvent des <a href="/wiki/Ville-arrondissement" title="Ville-arrondissement">villes-arrondissements</a>, à la fois commune et arrondissement (<i>Kreisfreie Städte</i> ou dans certains Länder <i>Stadtkreise</i>). </p><p>Il existe quelques particularités. Ainsi, la <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nanie-du-Nord-Westphalie" title="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</a> est découpée en deux <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Landschaftsverbände</i></span> (Westphalie-Lippe, qui a pour capitale <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>, et Rhénanie, dont la capitale et <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>) correspondant aux deux entités culturelles du Land. <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> et <a href="/wiki/Hambourg" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a> n'ont pas de districts et <a href="/wiki/Land_de_Br%C3%AAme" title="Land de Brême">Brême</a> comprend deux districts urbains (<span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Stadtkreise</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%AAme" title="Brême">Brême</a> et <a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compétences"><span id="Comp.C3.A9tences"></span>Compétences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Compétences" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Compétences"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les Länder sont les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="État fédéré">États fédérés</a> (<i>Bundesländer</i>) qui forment la République fédérale d'Allemagne (<i>Bund</i>)&#160;: ils possèdent leur propre souveraineté<sup id="cite_ref-FAA_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAA-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La <a href="/wiki/Loi_fondamentale_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_d%27Allemagne" title="Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d&#39;Allemagne">Loi fondamentale</a> autorise les Länder à légiférer dans tous <span class="citation">«&#160;les cas où la présente Loi fondamentale ne confère pas à la Fédération des pouvoirs de légiférer<sup id="cite_ref-GG_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GG-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&#160;»</span> </p><p>La Loi fondamentale établit ainsi<sup id="cite_ref-FAA_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAA-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <ul><li>des compétences fédérales exclusives où seule la Fédération a le droit de légiférer (politique étrangère, défense, politique monétaire, une partie du droit fiscal,&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>)&#160;;</li> <li>des compétences concurrentes (droit civil, droit pénal, droit économique, nucléaire, droit du travail et des sols, droit des étrangers, transports, environnement,&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>) pour lesquelles les Länder ne peuvent légiférer que si la Fédération ne l'a pas déjà fait&#160;; dans les faits, les compétences concurrentes sont presque toutes exercées par la Fédération&#160;;</li> <li>des compétences qui relèvent des Länder mais pour lesquelles la Fédération peut édicter des prescriptions-cadres (enseignement supérieur, protection des sites naturels, aménagement du territoire)&#160;;</li> <li>des <span class="citation">«&#160;tâches communes&#160;»</span> (construction des écoles supérieures, aménagement du littoral, structures agricoles) ajoutées à la Loi fondamentale en 1969.</li></ul> <p>Tous les autres domaines relèvent des Länder qui sont entièrement compétents dans la culture, l'éducation, le droit communal et les lois concernant la police<sup id="cite_ref-FAA_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAA-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Toutefois, même si la majorité du pouvoir législatif relève de la Fédération, cette dernière ne dispose d'une véritable administration que pour la politique étrangère, les douanes et la protection des frontières et l'armée. Pour le reste, l'application de la législation relève des Länder qui sont ainsi chargés de mettre en œuvre la majeure partie du droit fédéral<sup id="cite_ref-FAA_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAA-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La majorité des tribunaux d'Allemagne relève également des Länder<sup id="cite_ref-FAA_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAA-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Représentation_fédérale"><span id="Repr.C3.A9sentation_f.C3.A9d.C3.A9rale"></span>Représentation fédérale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Représentation fédérale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Représentation fédérale"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chaque Land est représenté au <a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_(Allemagne)" title="Bundesrat (Allemagne)">Bundesrat</a> (Conseil fédéral, chambre haute du parlement, siégeant depuis 2000 à Berlin) où il dispose de trois à six voix en fonction de sa population. Composé de 69 membres, il s'agit des membres des gouvernements de chaque Land qui siègent directement au Bundesrat et chaque Land ne peut voter qu'en bloc. </p><p>L'accord du Bundesrat est nécessaire à l'adoption des lois fédérales qui touchent directement les intérêts des Länder et il peut s'opposer aux autres lois&#160;: les gouvernements des Länder participent ainsi directement au pouvoir législatif fédéral. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> (Diète fédérale, chambre basse du parlement, siégeant depuis 1999 à Berlin) est composé de députés élus au suffrage universel et les sièges y sont répartis entre les Länder en fonction de leur population. </p><p>Les <i>Länder</i> disposent par ailleurs chacun d'une représentation institutionnelle à Berlin, ce qui leur permet de faire le lien entre les affaires régionales et le <i>Bund</i>, ainsi que d’une représentation permanente auprès de l’Union européenne à Bruxelles, ce qui atteste l'importance de leur poids politique<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l'article intitulé «&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liste_des_L%C3%A4nder_d%27Allemagne_par_densit%C3%A9,_population_et_superficie&amp;oldid=cur">Liste des Länder d'Allemagne par densité, population et superficie</a>&#160;» <small>(voir <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liste_des_L%C3%A4nder_d%27Allemagne_par_densit%C3%A9,_population_et_superficie&amp;oldid=cur&amp;action=history">la liste des auteurs</a></span>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">«&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Germany?oldid=707398026">States of Germany</a>&#160;» <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Germany?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Écriture allemande utilisée par certains dictionnaires français.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Écriture francisée.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2022"><cite style="font-style:normal">«&#160;Annexe:Rectifications orthographiques du français en 1990&#160;»</cite>, dans <cite class="italique">Wiktionnaire</cite>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-11-19" data-sort-value="2022-11-19">19 novembre 2022</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a class="external text" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Annexe:Rectifications_orthographiques_du_fran%C3%A7ais_en_1990&amp;oldid=30982159">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Wiktionnaire&amp;rft.atitle=Annexe%3ARectifications+orthographiques+du+fran%C3%A7ais+en+1990&amp;rft.date=2022-11-19&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALand+%28Allemagne%29"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Larousse" title="Le Petit Larousse">Le Petit Larousse</a></i> 2008, Paris, éd. Larousse <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-03-582503-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-03-582503-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-03-582503-2</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;577.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Larousse"><span class="ouvrage" id="Éditions_Larousse">Éditions <span class="nom_auteur">Larousse</span>, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/Land/46142"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Définitions&#160;: Land - Dictionnaire de français Larousse</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Larousse</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-01-24" data-sort-value="2023-01-24">24 janvier 2023</time>)</small></span></span>&#160;: <span class="citation">«&#160;<br /><b>Land, Länder</b> (Réforme orthographique <b>land, lands</b>)<br /> nom masculin<br />(allemand <i>Land</i>, terre)<br />1. Chacun des États de la République de Weimar et de l'actuelle République fédérale d'Allemagne.<br />2. En Autriche, province.&#160;»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_Hachette" title="Dictionnaire Hachette">Dictionnaire Hachette</a></i> 2010, Paris, Hachette <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-01-281421-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-01-281421-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-01-281421-9</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;904.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Robert" title="Le Petit Robert">Le Petit Robert</a></i> ne met pas de majuscule, édition 2007 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84902133-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84902133-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84902133-0</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;1437&#160;: <span class="citation">«&#160;Le land de Bavière.&#160;»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Le_Robert"><span class="ouvrage" id="Éditions_Le_Robert">Éditions Le Robert, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionnaire.lerobert.com/definition/land"><cite style="font-style:normal;">land - Définitions, synonymes, conjugaison, exemples | Dico en ligne Le Robert</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">dictionnaire.lerobert.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-01-24" data-sort-value="2023-01-24">24 janvier 2023</time>)</small></span></span>&#160;: <span class="citation">«&#160;<br />Définition de <b>land</b> nom masculin<br />État fédéré de l'Allemagne. <i>Le land de Bavière. Des lands ou des länder</i> (pluriel allemand).&#160;»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Presseinformationen/SI18_058.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="de">Bundesländer nach Bruttoinlandsprodukt 2017</cite></a>&#160;» <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-07-22" data-sort-value="2018-07-22">22 juillet 2018</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/73061/umfrage/bundeslaender-im-vergleich---bruttoinlandsprodukt/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="de">Bruttoinlandsprodukt je Einwohner nach Bundesländern 2017 | Statistik</cite></a>&#160;» <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-07-22" data-sort-value="2018-07-22">22 juillet 2018</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GG-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GG_11-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-GG_11-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundestag.de/blob/189762/f0568757877611b2e434039d29a1a822/loi_fondamentale-data.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Loi fondamentale pour la République fédérale d'Allemagne</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique"><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-03-15" data-sort-value="2016-03-15">15 mars 2016</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAA-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FAA_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAA_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAA_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAA_12-3">d</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-FAA_12-4">e</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="des_Affaires_étrangères_(Allemagne)2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Office_des_Affaires_étrangères_(Allemagne)2003"><a href="/wiki/Office_des_Affaires_%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res_(Allemagne)" title="Office des Affaires étrangères (Allemagne)">Office des Affaires étrangères (Allemagne)</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal">«&#160;Fédéralisme et auto-administartion&#160;»</cite>, dans <cite class="italique">Allemagne. Faits et réalités</cite>, Berlin, <a href="/wiki/Office_des_Affaires_%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res_(Allemagne)" title="Office des Affaires étrangères (Allemagne)">Office des Affaires étrangères (Allemagne)</a>, <time>2003</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Allemagne.+Faits+et+r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9s&amp;rft.atitle=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ralisme+et+auto-administartion&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Office+des+Affaires+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res+%28Allemagne%29&amp;rft.au=Office+des+Affaires+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res+%28Allemagne%29&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALand+%28Allemagne%29"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.boell.org/fr/2021/07/19/les-lander-et-les-regions-cest-pareil"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Les Länder et les régions, c'est pareil&#160;? | Heinrich Böll Stiftung | Bureau Paris - France</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-07-27" data-sort-value="2021-07-27">27 juillet 2021</time>)</small></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&#160;:</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:States_of_Germany?uselang=fr">Land (Allemagne)</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Land" class="extiw" title="wikt:Land">Land</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administration_territoriale_de_l%27Allemagne" title="Administration territoriale de l&#39;Allemagne">Organisation territoriale de l'Allemagne</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/Land_Länder/46142"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Land, Länder</cite></a>&#160;»</span>, dans le <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Larousse" title="Le Petit Larousse">Dictionnaire de français</a></i> en ligne sur le site des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Larousse" title="Éditions Larousse">éditions Larousse</a>.</li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l&#39;information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221156?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12307665w">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12307665w">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/031955991">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2007002590">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4034013-2">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007554299605171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph125935">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Land_(Allemagne)" title="Spécial:EditPage/Land (Allemagne)">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue&#160;! <a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire&#160;?</a></div></div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_L%C3%A4nder_d%27Allemagne" title="Modèle:Palette Länder d&#39;Allemagne"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_L%C3%A4nder_d%27Allemagne&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Les seize <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Länder</a> d’<a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bade-Wurtemberg" title="Bade-Wurtemberg">Bade-Wurtemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Saxe" title="Basse-Saxe">Basse-Saxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavi%C3%A8re" title="Bavière">Bavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandebourg" title="Brandebourg">Brandebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_de_Br%C3%AAme" title="Land de Brême">Brême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hambourg" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse_(Land)" title="Hesse (Land)">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklembourg-Pom%C3%A9ranie-Occidentale" title="Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale">Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nanie-du-Nord-Westphalie" title="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nanie-Palatinat" title="Rhénanie-Palatinat">Rhénanie-Palatinat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarre_(Land)" title="Sarre (Land)">Sarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxe_(Land)" title="Saxe (Land)">Saxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Anhalt" title="Saxe-Anhalt">Saxe-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuringe" title="Thuringe">Thuringe</a></li></ul> </div></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/55px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/83px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/110px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_D%C3%A9coupage_administratif_Europe" title="Modèle:Palette Découpage administratif Europe"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_D%C3%A9coupage_administratif_Europe&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Premier niveau de <a href="/wiki/Subdivision_territoriale" title="Subdivision territoriale">subdivisions</a> des pays d'<a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_souverain" class="mw-redirect" title="État souverain">États souverains</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_de_l%27Albanie" title="Subdivisions de l&#39;Albanie">Albanie</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Allemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroisse_(Andorre)" title="Paroisse (Andorre)">Andorre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gions_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9nie" title="Régions de l&#39;Arménie">Arménie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_(Autriche)" title="Land (Autriche)">Autriche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_de_l%27Azerba%C3%AFdjan" title="Subdivisions de l&#39;Azerbaïdjan">Azerbaïdjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_de_la_Bi%C3%A9lorussie" title="Subdivisions de la Biélorussie">Biélorussie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gions_de_Belgique" title="Régions de Belgique">Belgique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_de_Bosnie-Herz%C3%A9govine" title="Subdivisions de Bosnie-Herzégovine">Bosnie-Herzégovine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_territoriale_de_la_Bulgarie" title="Administration territoriale de la Bulgarie">Bulgarie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitat_(Croatie)" title="Comitat (Croatie)">Croatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_territoriale_de_Chypre" title="Administration territoriale de Chypre">Chypre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_(Danemark)" title="Région (Danemark)">Danemark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9s_autonomes_d%27Espagne" title="Communautés autonomes d&#39;Espagne">Espagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_territoriale_de_l%27Estonie" title="Division territoriale de l&#39;Estonie">Estonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gions_de_Finlande" title="Régions de Finlande">Finlande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Région française">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_territoriale_de_la_G%C3%A9orgie" title="Administration territoriale de la Géorgie">Géorgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_territoriale_de_la_Gr%C3%A8ce" title="Organisation territoriale de la Grèce">Grèce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_de_la_Hongrie" title="Subdivisions de la Hongrie">Hongrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_territoriale_de_l%27Islande" title="Administration territoriale de l&#39;Islande">Islande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_d%27Irlande" title="Provinces d&#39;Irlande">Irlande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gions_d%27Italie" title="Régions d&#39;Italie">Italie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_du_Kazakhstan" title="Provinces du Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajons" title="Rajons">Lettonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_du_Liechtenstein" title="Communes du Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apskritis" title="Apskritis">Lituanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_(Luxembourg)" title="Canton (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_territoriale_de_la_Mac%C3%A9doine_du_Nord" title="Organisation territoriale de la Macédoine du Nord">Macédoine du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malte" title="Malte">Malte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_de_la_Moldavie" title="Subdivisions de la Moldavie">Moldavie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartiers_de_Monaco" title="Quartiers de Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_du_Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro" title="Subdivisions du Monténégro">Monténégro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_territoriale_de_la_Norv%C3%A8ge" title="Administration territoriale de la Norvège">Norvège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_des_Pays-Bas" title="Provinces des Pays-Bas">Pays-Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vo%C3%AFvodies_de_Pologne" title="Voïvodies de Pologne">Pologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_du_Portugal" title="Subdivisions du Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_territoriale_de_la_Roumanie" title="Organisation territoriale de la Roumanie">Roumanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_territoriale_du_Royaume-Uni" title="Organisation territoriale du Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivision_de_la_Russie" title="Subdivision de la Russie">Russie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelli_de_Saint-Marin" title="Castelli de Saint-Marin">Saint-Marin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gions_de_Serbie" title="Régions de Serbie">Serbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_territoriale_de_la_Slovaquie" title="Organisation territoriale de la Slovaquie">Slovaquie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slov%C3%A9nie#Divisions_administratives" title="Slovénie">Slovénie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_(Su%C3%A8de)" title="Comté (Suède)">Suède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_(Suisse)" title="Canton (Suisse)">Suisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gions_de_la_Tch%C3%A9quie" title="Régions de la Tchéquie">Tchéquie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_provinces_de_Turquie" title="Liste des provinces de Turquie">Turquie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_de_l%27Ukraine" title="Subdivisions de l&#39;Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_%C3%89tats_non_reconnus_internationalement" title="Liste des États non reconnus internationalement">États non reconnus internationalement</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li>Abkhazie</li> <li>Kosovo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_administratives_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_du_Haut-Karabagh" title="Divisions administratives de la république du Haut-Karabagh">Haut-Karabagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_de_Chypre_du_Nord" title="Districts de Chypre du Nord">Chypre du Nord</a></li> <li>Ossétie du Sud</li> <li>Transnistrie</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_subdivisions_par_pays" title="Liste des subdivisions par pays">Liste des subdivisions par pays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_subdivisions_par_population" title="Liste des subdivisions par population">par population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_subdivisions_par_superficie" title="Liste des subdivisions par superficie">par superficie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_subdivisions_par_PIB_de_plus_de_100_milliards_de_dollars_am%C3%A9ricains" title="Liste des subdivisions par PIB de plus de 100 milliards de dollars américains">par PIB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_allemandes" title="Modèle:Palette Élections régionales allemandes"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_allemandes&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Landtag_(Allemagne)" title="Landtag (Allemagne)">Élections régionales</a> <a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">allemandes</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Bade-Wurtemberg" title="Élections régionales en Bade-Wurtemberg">Bade-Wurtemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Basse-Saxe" title="Élections régionales en Basse-Saxe">Basse-Saxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Bavi%C3%A8re" title="Élections régionales en Bavière">Bavière</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_%C3%A0_Berlin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Élections régionales à Berlin (page inexistante)">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Brandebourg" title="Élections régionales en Brandebourg">Brandebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_%C3%A0_Br%C3%AAme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Élections régionales à Brême (page inexistante)">Brême</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_%C3%A0_Hambourg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Élections régionales à Hambourg (page inexistante)">Hambourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Hesse&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Élections régionales en Hesse (page inexistante)">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Mecklembourg-Pom%C3%A9ranie-Occidentale" title="Élections régionales en Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale">Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Rh%C3%A9nanie-du-Nord-Westphalie" title="Élections régionales en Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Rh%C3%A9nanie-Palatinat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Élections régionales en Rhénanie-Palatinat (page inexistante)">Rhénanie-Palatinat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Sarre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Élections régionales en Sarre (page inexistante)">Sarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Saxe" title="Élections régionales en Saxe">Saxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Saxe-Anhalt" title="Élections régionales en Saxe-Anhalt">Saxe-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Élections régionales en Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_r%C3%A9gionales_en_Thuringe" title="Élections régionales en Thuringe">Thuringe</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background-color: #DDDDFF;" colspan="2">Voir aussi&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89lections_en_Allemagne" title="Modèle:Palette Élections en Allemagne">Élections en Allemagne</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Allemagne" title="Portail de l’Allemagne"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/37px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/55px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/74px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Allemagne" title="Portail:Allemagne">Portail de l’Allemagne</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7bdb7bf5cd‐h2tjp Cached time: 20241128101106 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.514 seconds Real time usage: 0.665 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7784/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 136120/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 21593/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15750/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.102/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4369048/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 456.100 1 -total 17.67% 80.594 80 Modèle:Smn 16.02% 73.058 1 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Rendering was triggered because: unknown --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de «&#160;<a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;oldid=219786187">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_(Allemagne)&amp;oldid=219786187</a>&#160;».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tat_en_Allemagne" title="Catégorie:État en Allemagne">État en Allemagne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Expression_allemande" title="Catégorie:Expression allemande">Expression allemande</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Administration_territoriale_par_type" title="Catégorie:Administration territoriale par type">Administration territoriale par type</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cat%C3%A9gorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_identique_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata">Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_avec_notice_d%27autorit%C3%A9" title="Catégorie:Article de Wikipédia avec notice d&#039;autorité">Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_le_mod%C3%A8le_Autorit%C3%A9_avec_un_param%C3%A8tre_local" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant le modèle Autorité avec un paramètre local">Page utilisant le modèle Autorité avec un paramètre local</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_avec_une_section_vide_ou_incompl%C3%A8te" title="Catégorie:Article avec une section vide ou incomplète">Article avec une section vide ou incomplète</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Allemagne/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Allemagne/Articles liés">Portail:Allemagne/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Europe/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Europe/Articles liés">Portail:Europe/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_de_qualit%C3%A9_en_norv%C3%A9gien" title="Catégorie:Article de qualité en norvégien">Article de qualité en norvégien</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 27 octobre 2024 à 02:21.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a>&#160;: les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a>&#160;; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. 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