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로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%9D%91%EC%97%B0" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-천연에서의_존재" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#천연에서의_존재"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>천연에서의 존재</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-천연에서의_존재-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-성질" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#성질"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>성질</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-성질-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-인조_흑연" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#인조_흑연"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>인조 흑연</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-인조_흑연-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-용도" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#용도"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>용도</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-용도-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">흑연</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 90개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiet" title="Grafiet – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grafiet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="غرافيت – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غرافيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafitu" title="Grafitu – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Grafitu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrafit" title="Qrafit – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrafit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="قرافیت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قرافیت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Графит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%82" title="Графіт – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Графіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%82" title="Графіт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Графіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Графит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F" title="গ্রাফাইট – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রাফাইট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="گرافیت – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گرافیت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Графит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphit" title="Graphit – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Graphit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C9%94%C9%94r%C9%94" title="Jɔɔrɔ – 딩카어" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Jɔɔrɔ" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="딩카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Γραφίτης – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραφίτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Graphite" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafito" title="Grafito – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grafito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafito" title="Grafito – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grafito" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiit" title="Grafiit – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grafiit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafito" title="Grafito – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Grafito" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="گرافیت – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرافیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiitti" title="Grafiitti – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Grafiitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Graphite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graif%C3%ADt" title="Graifít – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Graifít" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafito" title="Grafito – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Grafito" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%9F" title="ગ્રેફાઇટ – 구자라트어" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગ્રેફાઇટ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="구자라트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98" title="גרפיט – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרפיט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="ग्रेफाइट – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रेफाइट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%BF" title="Գրաֆիտ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրաֆիտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafito" title="Grafito – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grafito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graf%C3%ADt" title="Grafít – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grafít" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafite" title="Grafite – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grafite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88" title="グラファイト – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グラファイト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pistabno" title="pistabno – 로반어" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pistabno" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="로반어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="გრაფიტი (მინერალი) – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრაფიტი (მინერალი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Графит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಫೈಟ್‌ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಫೈಟ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Графит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbago" title="Plumbago – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Plumbago" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphit" title="Graphit – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Graphit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiet" title="Grafiet – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Grafiet" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiit" title="Grafiit – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grafiit" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafitas" title="Grafitas – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grafitas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graf%C4%ABts" title="Grafīts – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grafīts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjarano" title="Manjarano – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Manjarano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Графит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗ്രാഫൈറ്റ് – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രാഫൈറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဂရက်ဖိုက် – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂရက်ဖိုက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="ग्राफाइट – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्राफाइट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiet" title="Grafiet – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grafiet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafitt" title="Grafitt – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grafitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafitt" title="Grafitt – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grafitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irsaasoo" title="Irsaasoo – 오로모어" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Irsaasoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="오로모어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9F" title="ਗਰੇਫ਼ਾਈਟ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਰੇਫ਼ਾਈਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafite" title="Grafite – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grafite" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Графит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Graphite" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="මිනිරන් – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මිනිරන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Graphite" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiti" title="Grafiti – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grafiti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Графит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafati" title="Grafati – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Grafati" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="கடுங்கரி – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கடுங்கரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="గ్రాఫైట్ – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రాఫైట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Графит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="แกรไฟต์ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แกรไฟต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит – 투비니안어" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Графит" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="투비니안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%82" title="Графіт – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Графіт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Grafit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Than_ch%C3%AC" title="Than chì – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Than chì" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%A2%A8" title="石墨 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石墨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%A2%A8" title="石墨 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石墨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chio%CC%8Dh-ba%CC%8Dk" title="Chio̍h-ba̍k – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chio̍h-ba̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:GraphiteUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/GraphiteUSGOV.jpg/200px-GraphiteUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/GraphiteUSGOV.jpg/300px-GraphiteUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/GraphiteUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>흑연</figcaption></figure> <p><b>흑연</b>(黑鉛, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">graphite</span>) 또는 <b>석묵</b>(石墨)은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">탄소</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%86%8C%EC%B2%B4" title="동소체">동소체</a> 중 하나이다. 천연에서 산출되기도 하고, 인공적으로 제조되기도 한다. 흑연의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a> 이름인 "graphite"는 "(글 따위를) 쓰다"라는 뜻을 가진 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="그리스어">그리스어</a> "graphein"에서 유래되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="천연에서의_존재"><span id=".EC.B2.9C.EC.97.B0.EC.97.90.EC.84.9C.EC.9D.98_.EC.A1.B4.EC.9E.AC"></span>천연에서의 존재</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9D%91%EC%97%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 천연에서의 존재"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>소량의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="무기물">무기물</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%BC" title="유기물">유기물</a>이 포함되어 있으면서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="산화">산화</a>적 환경에 노출되지 않고 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%91%EC%B4%89_%EB%B3%80%EC%84%B1_%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="접촉 변성 작용 (없는 문서)">접촉 변성 작용</a> 또는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EC%97%AD_%EB%B3%80%EC%84%B1_%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="광역 변성 작용 (없는 문서)">광역 변성 작용</a>을 받아 생성된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%95%94" title="사암">사암</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%85%B0%EC%9D%BC" title="셰일">셰일</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84" title="석탄">석탄</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%9A%8C%EC%95%94" title="석회암">석회암</a> 등의 암석과 함께 천연에서 산출될 수 있고, <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%C2%B7%ED%99%98%EC%9B%90_%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91" title="산화·환원 반응">환원</a>성 환경에서 생성된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%AC%B8%EC%95%94" title="사문암">사문암</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%9A%8C%EC%95%94" title="석회암">석회암</a>과 함께 발견되기도 한다. 주로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%B8%EB%A7%88%EC%95%94" title="편마암">편마암</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%B8%EC%95%94" class="mw-redirect" title="편암">편암</a> 등과 함께 발견된다.<sup id="cite_ref-Mcgraw_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mcgraw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%A6%AC%EB%9E%91%EC%B9%B4" title="스리랑카">스리랑카</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%A4%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4" title="마다가스카르">마다가스카르</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="조선민주주의인민공화국">조선민주주의인민공화국</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%95%EC%8B%9C%EC%BD%94" title="멕시코">멕시코</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%85%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%A3%BC" title="소노라주">소노라주</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4" title="캐나다">캐나다</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%ED%83%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="온타리오주">온타리오주</a>, 서<a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="시베리아">시베리아</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%9A%95%EC%A3%BC" title="뉴욕주">뉴욕주</a>에 상당량이 매장되어 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 흑연은 간혹 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EC%84%9D" title="운석">운석</a>에서도 발견되는 경우가 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-Mcgraw_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mcgraw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="성질"><span id=".EC.84.B1.EC.A7.88"></span>성질</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9D%91%EC%97%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 성질"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Graphit_gitter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Graphit_gitter.png/200px-Graphit_gitter.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Graphit_gitter.png 1.5x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>흑연의 결정 구조</figcaption></figure> <p>흑연은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%B3%EA%B8%B0" title="굳기">굳기</a>가 약 1.5로 매우 부드러운 편이다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%A4%91" title="비중">비중</a>은 2.23이지만, 구멍이나 불순물에 의해서 더 낮아질 수 있다. 색은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%80%EC%A0%95" title="검정">흑색</a>에서 철회색을 띠며 금속광택을 가진다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EB%8A%94%EC%A0%90" title="녹는점">녹는점</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%81%93%EB%8A%94%EC%A0%90" title="끓는점">끓는점</a> 등은 명확하지 않다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A0%84%EB%8F%84%EC%B2%B4" title="전기 전도체">전기 전도체</a>로 작용하며, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%A0%80%ED%95%AD" title="전기저항">전기저항</a>은 방향에 따라 큰 차이를 보인다. 천연일 경우 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%EC%A0%95" title="결정">결정</a>의 형태는 육각 판 모양의 편평한 모양이며, 인공일 경우 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%EC%A0%95" title="결정">결정</a>은 비늘상이나 덩어리상이다. 내열성, 내열충격성, 내식성이 강하고 전기 및 열 전도성이 좋은 편이다.<sup id="cite_ref-Mcgraw_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mcgraw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Graphite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Graphite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/200px-Graphite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Graphite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/300px-Graphite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Graphite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/400px-Graphite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>흑연의 단위격자</figcaption></figure> <p>흑연의 구조는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">탄소</a> 여섯 개로 이루어진 고리가 연결되어 층을 이룬 모양으로 c값(층간 간격의 2배)은 6.696<a href="/wiki/%EC%98%B9%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%AC" title="옹스트롬">Å</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">탄소</a>간 결합 길이는 1.42<a href="/wiki/%EC%98%B9%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%AC" title="옹스트롬">Å</a>이다. 흑연의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84%EA%B2%A9%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="단위격자">단위격자</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">탄소</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="원자">원자</a> 4개를 포함한다. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%A9%EC%9E%90%EC%83%81%EC%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="격자상수 (없는 문서)">격자상수</a>는 2.456<a href="/wiki/%EC%98%B9%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%AC" title="옹스트롬">Å</a>이다.<sup id="cite_ref-sajun_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sajun-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="화학">화학</a>적으로는 상당히 안정한 물질로 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="공기 (기체)">공기</a> 중에서의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%ED%99%94%EC%A0%90" title="발화점">발화점</a>은 500~600<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%AD%EC%94%A8" title="섭씨">°C</a> 또는 그 이상이다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C" title="산소">산소</a> 중에서 가열하면 600~700<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%AD%EC%94%A8" title="섭씨">°C</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="이산화 탄소">이산화 탄소</a>가 된다. 분말을 진한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%82%B0" title="황산">황산</a>과 진한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%82%B0" title="질산">질산</a>의 혼합물로 처리하면 녹갈색의 산화흑연을 얻을 수 있다. 또한 진한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%82%B0" title="황산">황산</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C" title="산화제">산화제</a>와 함께 가열하면 광택이 있고 청자색의 물질인 황산수소흑연이 된다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%82%B0" title="질산">질산</a>으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="산화">산화</a>시키면 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A9%9C%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8%EC%82%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="멜리트산 (없는 문서)">멜리트산</a>을 얻을 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-sajun_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sajun-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="인조_흑연"><span id=".EC.9D.B8.EC.A1.B0_.ED.9D.91.EC.97.B0"></span>인조 흑연</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9D%91%EC%97%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 인조 흑연"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>인공적으로 합성된 흑연은 성질의 편차가 심하기 때문에 공업용으로는 잘 사용되지 않는다. 제유 과정에서 생산되는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="코크스">코크스</a>를 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">탄소</a> 공급원으로 하여 만들어지는 경우가 많다.<sup id="cite_ref-Mcgraw_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mcgraw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>인조 흑연은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C_%EA%B5%BF%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%98_%EC%95%A0%EC%B9%98%EC%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="에드워드 굿리치 애치슨 (없는 문서)">에드워드 굿리치 애치슨</a>에 의해서 처음으로 합성되었다. 그는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%ED%99%94_%EA%B7%9C%EC%86%8C" title="탄화 규소">탄화 규소</a>로 실험을 하다가 4150<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%AD%EC%94%A8" title="섭씨">°C</a>에서 탄화 규소의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%9C%EC%86%8C" title="규소">규소</a>성분이 증발해 버리고 남은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">탄소</a>가 흑연의 형태로 남아 있는 것을 발견하였다. <a href="/wiki/1896%EB%85%84" title="1896년">1896년</a> 애치슨은 흑연 생산에 대한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%ED%97%88" title="특허">특허</a>를 냈으며 상업적인 인조 흑연 생산은 <a href="/wiki/1897%EB%85%84" title="1897년">1897년</a>부터 이루어졌다.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>인조 흑연은 무정형 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">탄소</a>를 고온으로 가열하여 만들어지는데, 일반적으로는 2500~3000<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%AD%EC%94%A8" title="섭씨">°C</a>로 가열하지만 천연 흑연의 구조와 가깝게 만들기 위해서는 더 높은 온도가 필요하다. 또한 원료 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">탄소</a> 화합물의 구조에 따라서는 인조 흑연으로 만들기가 어려운 경우도 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-sajun_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sajun-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="용도"><span id=".EC.9A.A9.EB.8F.84"></span>용도</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9D%91%EC%97%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 용도"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>흑연은 주로 다음과 같은 용도로 사용된다.<sup id="cite_ref-sajun_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sajun-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encychem_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encychem-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>대표적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%ED%95%84" title="연필">연필</a> 혹은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%A4%ED%94%84_%ED%8E%9C%EC%8A%AC" title="샤프 펜슬">샤프</a>의 심으로 재료가 사용된다. 이때 흑연을 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%90%ED%86%A0" title="점토">점토</a>와 섞어 굳기를 조절한다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%BC%93" title="로켓">로켓</a>의 케이스나 화학 공정에서의 내열성 장비의 재료로 사용된다. 이 경우 약 3000<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%AD%EC%94%A8" title="섭씨">°C</a> 이상의 온도까지 견딜 수 있다.</li> <li>화학 공정에서의 내식성 기구의 재료로 사용된다.</li> <li>전기 용광로의 전극이나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B6%84%ED%95%B4" title="전기 분해">전기 분해</a>를 위한 기구의 재료로 사용된다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EB%A1%9C" title="원자로">원자로</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90" title="중성자">중성자</a> 감속재 및 반사재로 사용된다.</li> <li>많은 물건의 주형으로 사용된다.</li> <li>층상을 이루고 있어 미끄럽기 때문에 윤활제, 감마제로도 사용된다.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9D%91%EC%97%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EB%82%98%EB%85%B8%ED%8A%9C%EB%B8%8C" title="탄소 나노튜브">탄소 나노튜브</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%92%80%EB%9F%AC%EB%A0%8C" title="풀러렌">풀러렌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%95%80" title="그래핀">그래핀</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9D%91%EC%97%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 자료가 있습니다. <div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Graphite" class="extiw" title="commons:Graphite">흑연</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Considine, G. D. et al., <i>Van Nostrand's encyclopedia of chemistry</i>, 5th edition, Hoboken: Wiley-Interscience, 2005.</li> <li>Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc., <i>The New Encyclopaedia britannica</i>, 15th edition, Chicago:Encyclopaedia britannica, 2007.</li> <li>Parker, S. P. et al., <i>McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of chemistry</i>, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.</li> <li>化學大辭典編集委員會 편, 성용길, 김창홍 역, 《화학대사전》, 서울: 世和, 2001.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9D%91%EC%97%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc., "graphite", <i>The New Encyclopaedia britannica</i> (Vol. 5), 15th edition, Chicago:Encyclopaedia britannica, 2007, pp. 420~421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mcgraw-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mcgraw_2-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mcgraw_2-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mcgraw_2-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mcgraw_2-3">라</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, S. P. et al., "Graphite", <i>McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of chemistry</i>, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993, pp. 455~459.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sajun-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sajun_3-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sajun_3-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sajun_3-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sajun_3-3">라</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">化學大辭典編集委員會 편, 성용길, 김창홍 역, 〈석묵〉, 《화학대사전》(Vol. 4), 서울: 世和, 2001, 721쪽.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encychem-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-encychem_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Considine, G. D. et al., "GRAPHITE", <i>Van Nostrand's encyclopedia of chemistry</i>, 5th edition, Hoboken: Wiley-Interscience, 2005, pp. 73~74.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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