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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-B2B_online_marketplaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#B2B_online_marketplaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>B2B online marketplaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-B2B_online_marketplaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_retailing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_retailing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Online retailing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_retailing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-For_services_and_outsourcing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_services_and_outsourcing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>For services and outsourcing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_services_and_outsourcing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_sharing_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_sharing_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The sharing economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_sharing_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Market economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketpleys" title="Marketpleys – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Marketpleys" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="অনলাইন মার্কেটপ্লেস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অনলাইন মার্কেটপ্লেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_tr%C5%BEi%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Online tržiště – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Online tržiště" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netmarkedsplads" title="Netmarkedsplads – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Netmarkedsplads" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtueller_Marktplatz" title="Virtueller Marktplatz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Virtueller Marktplatz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercado_en_l%C3%ADnea" title="Mercado en línea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mercado en línea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="بازارگاه مجازی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازارگاه مجازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%C3%A9_en_ligne" title="Marché en ligne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marché en ligne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%94%88_%EB%A7%88%EC%BC%93" title="오픈 마켓 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오픈 마켓" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%83%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BD" title="Մարկետփլեյս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարկետփլեյս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokapasar" title="Lokapasar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lokapasar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketplace" title="Marketplace – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marketplace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF" title="ഓൺലൈൻ വിപണി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓൺലൈൻ വിപണി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_verkoopplatform" title="Online verkoopplatform – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Online verkoopplatform" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetowa_platforma_handlowa" title="Internetowa platforma handlowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Internetowa platforma handlowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketplace" title="Marketplace – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marketplace" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketplace" title="Marketplace – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marketplace" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Маркетплейс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маркетплейс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketplace" title="Marketplace – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marketplace" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Онлайн бозор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Онлайн бозор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Маркетплейс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маркетплейс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%8B_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_tr%E1%BB%B1c_tuy%E1%BA%BFn" title="Thị trường trực tuyến – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thị trường trực tuyến" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3390477#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Special:Badtitle/Message">reviewed</a> on <i>13 November 2024</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of e-commerce site</div> <p> An <b>online marketplace</b> (or <b>online e-commerce marketplace</b>) is a type of <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a> website where product or service information is provided by multiple third parties. Online marketplaces are the primary type of <a href="/wiki/Multichannel_ecommerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel ecommerce">multichannel ecommerce</a> and can be a way to streamline the production process. </p><p>In an online marketplace, consumer transactions are processed by the marketplace operator and then delivered and fulfilled by the participating <a href="/wiki/Retailer" class="mw-redirect" title="Retailer">retailers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wholesaler" class="mw-redirect" title="Wholesaler">wholesalers</a>. These type of <a href="/wiki/Websites" class="mw-redirect" title="Websites">websites</a> allow users to register and sell single items to many items for a "post-selling" fee. </p><p>Because marketplaces aggregate products from a wide array of providers, the selection is wider, and availability is higher than in vendor-specific online retail stores. Some online marketplaces have a wide variety of general interest products that cater to almost all the needs of the consumers, others are consumer specific and cater to a particular segment. Online marketplaces became abundant in 2014. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="B2B_online_marketplaces">B2B online marketplaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_marketplace&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: B2B online marketplaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Business-to-business" title="Business-to-business">Business-to-business</a> (B2B) online marketplaces are platforms that allow companies to buy and sell products or services to other businesses. These marketplaces typically focus on a specific product or service category and are used by businesses to find suppliers, negotiate prices, and manage logistics. </p><p>Some examples of B2B online marketplaces include <a href="/wiki/VerticalNet" title="VerticalNet">VerticalNet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commerce_One" title="Commerce One">Commerce One</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Covisint" title="Covisint">Covisint</a>, which were some of the earliest B2B marketplaces to emerge in the early days of <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a>. More contemporary B2B marketplaces include EC21, <a href="/wiki/Elance" class="mw-redirect" title="Elance">Elance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> Business, which focus on specific product or service categories and facilitate complex transactions such as <a href="/wiki/Request_for_quotation" title="Request for quotation">requests for quotations</a> (RFQs), <a href="/wiki/Request_for_information" title="Request for information">requests for information</a> (RFIs), and <a href="/wiki/Request_for_proposal" title="Request for proposal">requests for proposals</a> (RFPs).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Online_retailing">Online retailing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_marketplace&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Online retailing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazada_Laguna_warehouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lazada_Laguna_warehouse.jpg/220px-Lazada_Laguna_warehouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lazada_Laguna_warehouse.jpg/330px-Lazada_Laguna_warehouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lazada_Laguna_warehouse.jpg/440px-Lazada_Laguna_warehouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption> A <a href="/wiki/Lazada_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazada Group">Lazada</a> warehouse in <a href="/wiki/Cabuyao,_Laguna" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabuyao, Laguna">Cabuyao, Laguna</a>, Philippines in 2018. Third-parties can ship inventory to customers from Lazada's <a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">warehouses</a> and sell their products through Lazada's online marketplace.</figcaption></figure> <p>Online marketplaces are <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> companies that act as <a href="/wiki/Intermediaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediaries">intermediaries</a> by connecting <a href="/wiki/Buyers" class="mw-redirect" title="Buyers">buyers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seller" class="mw-redirect" title="Seller">sellers</a>. Examples of prevalent online marketplaces for <a href="/wiki/Retailing" class="mw-redirect" title="Retailing">retailing</a> <a href="/wiki/Consumer_goods" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer goods">consumer goods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a> are <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taobao" title="Taobao">Taobao</a> and <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>. On the <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a> of the online marketplace sellers can publish their <a href="/wiki/Product_(business)" title="Product (business)">product</a> offering with a <a href="/wiki/Price" title="Price">price</a> and information about the product's features and qualities. Marketplace sellers often utilize a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace_integrator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marketplace integrator (page does not exist)">marketplace integrator</a> or channel integration software<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to efficiently list and sell products across multiple online marketplaces. Potential customers can <a href="/wiki/Online_search" title="Online search">search</a> and <a href="/wiki/Browse" class="mw-redirect" title="Browse">browse</a> goods, compare price and quality, and then purchase the goods directly from the seller. The <a href="/wiki/Inventory" title="Inventory">inventory</a> is held by the sellers, not the company running the online marketplace. Online marketplaces are characterized by a low setup cost for sellers, because they do not have to run a <a href="/wiki/Retail_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Retail store">retail store</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in the past <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Marketplace" title="Amazon Marketplace">Amazon Marketplace</a> has served as a role model for online marketplaces, the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a> into related business such as <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/E-commerce_payment_system" title="E-commerce payment system">e-commerce payment systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">mobile commerce</a> is now trailed by other marketplace operators such as <a href="/wiki/Flipkart" title="Flipkart">Flipkart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For consumers, online marketplaces reduce the <a href="/wiki/Search_cost" title="Search cost">search cost</a>, but insufficient information on the quality of goods and an overloaded goods offering can make it more difficult for consumers to make <a href="/wiki/Buyer_decision_process" title="Buyer decision process">purchasing decisions</a>. Consumers' ability to make a purchasing decision is also hampered by the fact that an online marketplace only allows them to examine the quality of a product based on its description, a picture and <a href="/wiki/Customer_review" title="Customer review">customer reviews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another characteristic of online marketplaces is that the same product can be offered by several merchants. In this case, consumers can often make the selection of a merchant with the support of reviews of that merchant, for example. Despite many conceivable factors influencing merchant selection, such as convenience, seller ratings, delivery options and a wider selection of goods,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> customers choose primarily on the basis of the lowest price for a particular product.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="For_services_and_outsourcing">For services and outsourcing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_marketplace&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: For services and outsourcing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are marketplaces for the <a href="/wiki/Online_outsourcing" title="Online outsourcing">online outsourcing</a> of professional services like IT services,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Search_engine_optimization" title="Search engine optimization">search engine optimization</a>, marketing, and skilled crafts & trades work.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microlabor online marketplaces such as <a href="/wiki/Upwork" title="Upwork">Upwork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Mechanical_Turk" title="Amazon Mechanical Turk">Amazon Mechanical Turk</a> allow <a href="/wiki/Freelancer" title="Freelancer">freelancers</a> to perform tasks which only require a computer and internet access.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, its Mechanical Turk marketplace focuses on "human intelligence tasks" that are difficult to automate computationally. This includes <a href="/wiki/Labeled_data" title="Labeled data">content labelling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Content_moderation" title="Content moderation">content moderation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Microlabor online marketplaces allow workers globally, without a formal employment status, to perform digital <a href="/wiki/Piece_work" title="Piece work">piece work</a>, such as classifying an image according to content moderation guidelines. <a href="/wiki/Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig workers</a> are paid for each task performed, for example US$0.01 for each moderated image. Gig workers accumulate payment on the microlabor platform.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_sharing_economy">The sharing economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_marketplace&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The sharing economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uber_ride_Bogota_(10277864666).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Uber_ride_Bogota_%2810277864666%29.jpg/220px-Uber_ride_Bogota_%2810277864666%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Uber_ride_Bogota_%2810277864666%29.jpg/330px-Uber_ride_Bogota_%2810277864666%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Uber_ride_Bogota_%2810277864666%29.jpg/440px-Uber_ride_Bogota_%2810277864666%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> driver in Bogotá, Colombia with the Uber app on a dashboard-mounted smartphone</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2004 <a href="/wiki/Yochai_Benkler" title="Yochai Benkler">Yochai Benkler</a> noted that online platforms, alongside <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wireless_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless networks">wireless networks</a>, allowed households to share idle or underused resources.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the sharing economy inspires itself largely from the <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> philosophy,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> open source projects dedicated to launching a peer to peer marketplace include Cocorico<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sharetribe.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 <a href="/wiki/CouchSurfing" title="CouchSurfing">CouchSurfing</a> was constituted as <a href="/wiki/For-profit_corporation" title="For-profit corporation">for-profit corporation</a> and by 2014 online marketplaces that consider themselves part of the sharing economy, such as <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a>, organized in the <a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">trade association</a> <i>Peers.org</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_marketplace&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2014 study of <a href="/wiki/ODesk" class="mw-redirect" title="ODesk">oDesk</a>, an early global online marketplace for <a href="/wiki/Freelance" class="mw-redirect" title="Freelance">freelance</a> contractors, found that the service <a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">outsourcing</a> of <a href="/wiki/Microwork" title="Microwork">microwork</a> increased opportunities for freelancers regardless of their geographic location, but the financial gains for most contractors were limited as experience and skills did not translate into higher payment.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A general criticism is that the laws and regulations surrounding online marketplaces are quite underdeveloped. As of consequence, there is a discrepancy between the responsibility, <a href="/wiki/Accountability" title="Accountability">accountability</a> and liability of the marketplace and third parties. In recent years online marketplaces and platforms have faced much criticism for their lack of <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market_economy">Market economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_marketplace&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Market economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1997 <a href="/wiki/Yannis_Bakos" title="Yannis Bakos">Yannis Bakos</a> studied online marketplaces and came to regard them as a special type of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_markets" title="Electronic markets">electronic marketplaces</a>. He argued that they reduce economic inefficiencies, by lowering the cost of acquiring information about the sellers' products.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The operators of online marketplaces are able to adapt their <a href="/wiki/Business_model" title="Business model">business model</a> because of the data they hold on the platform users. Online marketplace operators have a unique ability to obtain and use in their economic decision making <a href="/wiki/Personal_data" title="Personal data">personal data</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transaction_data" title="Transaction data">transaction data</a>, but also <a href="/wiki/Social_profiling" title="Social profiling">social data</a> and <a href="/wiki/Location_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Location data">location data</a>. Therefore academics have described online marketplaces as new <a href="/wiki/Agent_(economics)" title="Agent (economics)">economic actor</a>, or even as a new type of <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>. In 2010 <a href="/wiki/Christian_Fuchs_(sociologist)" title="Christian Fuchs (sociologist)">Christian Fuchs</a> argued that online marketplaces operated <i>informational capitalism</i>. The inherent <a href="/wiki/Feedback_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Feedback loop">feedback loop</a> allows the operators of online marketplaces to grow their effectiveness as economic intermediaries. In 2016 <a href="/wiki/Nick_Srnicek" title="Nick Srnicek">Nick Srnicek</a> argued that online marketplaces give rise to <a href="/wiki/Platform_capitalism" title="Platform capitalism">platform capitalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016 and 2018 respectively, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Pasquale" title="Frank Pasquale">Frank Pasquale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff" title="Shoshana Zuboff">Shoshana Zuboff</a> cautioned, that the data collection of online marketplace operators result in <a href="/wiki/Surveillance_capitalism" title="Surveillance capitalism">surveillance capitalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_marketplace&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darknet_market" title="Darknet market">Darknet market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Digital distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_shipping" title="Drop shipping">Drop shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_online_marketplaces" title="List of online marketplaces">List of online marketplaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Shopping" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Shopping">Online Shopping</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_marketplace&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDave_ChaffeyFiona_Ellis-ChadwickRichard_MayerKevin_Johnston2009" class="citation book cs1">Dave Chaffey; Fiona Ellis-Chadwick; Richard Mayer; Kevin Johnston (2009). <i>Internet Marketing: Strategy, Implementation and Practice</i>. Pearson Education. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-273-71740-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-273-71740-9"><bdi>978-0-273-71740-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internet+Marketing%3A+Strategy%2C+Implementation+and+Practice&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-273-71740-9&rft.au=Dave+Chaffey&rft.au=Fiona+Ellis-Chadwick&rft.au=Richard+Mayer&rft.au=Kevin+Johnston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+marketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gartner.com/market/channel-integration-software">"Channel Integration Software Reviews 2023 Gartner Peer Insights"</a>. <i>Gartner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Yale University Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-23588-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-23588-3"><bdi>978-0-300-23588-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Screen%3A+Content+Moderation+in+the+Shadows+of+Social+Media&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-300-23588-3&rft.au=Sarah+T.+Roberts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+marketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArun_Sundararajan2016" class="citation book cs1">Arun Sundararajan (2016). <i>The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise of Crowd-Based Capitalism</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ResearchGate&rft.atitle=The+Sharing+Economy%3A+Why+People+Participate+in+Collaborative+Consumption&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F255698095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+marketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/Cocolabs-SAS/cocorico"><i>☑ Cocorico is an open source marketplace solution for peer-to-peer marketplaces.: Cocolabs-SAS/cocorico</i></a>, Cocolabs SAS, 2019-05-31, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125120721/https://github.com/Cocolabs-SAS/cocorico">archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-25<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-31</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E2%98%91+Cocorico+is+an+open+source+marketplace+solution+for+peer-to-peer+marketplaces.%3A+Cocolabs-SAS%2Fcocorico&rft.pub=Cocolabs+SAS&rft.date=2019-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FCocolabs-SAS%2Fcocorico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+marketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sharetribe/sharetribe"><i>Sharetribe Go is an open source marketplace platform, also available with SaaS model</i></a>, Sharetribe, 2019-05-31, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125120720/https://github.com/sharetribe/sharetribe">archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-25<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-31</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sharetribe+Go+is+an+open+source+marketplace+platform%2C+also+available+with+SaaS+model&rft.pub=Sharetribe&rft.date=2019-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fsharetribe%2Fsharetribe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+marketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCristiano_CodagnoneAthina_KaratzogianniJacob_Matthews2018" class="citation book cs1">Cristiano Codagnone; Athina Karatzogianni; Jacob Matthews (2018). <i>Platform Economics: Rhetoric and Reality in the "Sharing Economy"</i>. 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Springer Nature. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-329-725-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-329-725-8"><bdi>978-981-329-725-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Platform+Urbanism%3A+Negotiating+Platform+Ecosystems+in+Connected+Cities&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-981-329-725-8&rft.au=Sarah+Barns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+marketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Online_marketplace&oldid=1257085844">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Online_marketplace&oldid=1257085844</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Online_marketplaces" title="Category:Online marketplaces">Online marketplaces</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2023">Articles with dead external links from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pending_changes_protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages">Wikipedia pending changes protected pages</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 04:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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