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</a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Norris_Groves" title="Anthony Norris Groves – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anthony Norris Groves" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Norris_Groves" title="Anthony Norris Groves – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Anthony Norris Groves" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B2" title="انتونى 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Anthony Norris Groves</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ANGroves1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/ANGroves1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1 February 1795<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Newton_Valence" title="Newton Valence">Newton Valence</a>, Hampshire, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 May 1853<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Dentist, missionary, author</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Bethia Thompson, Harriet Baynes</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anthony Norris Groves</b> (1 February 1795 – 20 May 1853) was an English Protestant missionary,<sup id="cite_ref-BA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who has been called the "father of <a href="/wiki/Faith_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Faith missions">faith missions</a>". He launched the first Protestant mission to Arabic-speaking Muslims, and settled in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>; and later in southern India. His ideas influenced a circle of friends who became leaders in the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a>. Among these were <a href="/wiki/George_M%C3%BCller" title="George Müller">George Müller</a>, who had married Groves's sister Mary, as well as <a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby">John Nelson Darby</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Vesey_Parnell,_2nd_Baron_Congleton" class="mw-redirect" title="John Vesey Parnell, 2nd Baron Congleton">John Vesey Parnell, 2nd Baron Congleton</a>. </p><p>Groves wished to simplify the task of churches and missions by returning to the methods of Christ and his apostles described in the New Testament. As a missionary, his goal was to help indigenous converts form their own churches without dependence on foreign training, authorisation or finance. His ideas eventually found wide acceptance in <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">evangelical</a> circles. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Groves was born in <a href="/wiki/Newton_Valence" title="Newton Valence">Newton Valence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>, England and was the only son in a family of six.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroves18692_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroves18692-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was a businessman and the family were <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglicans</a>. Having trained as a <a href="/wiki/Dentist" title="Dentist">dentist</a><sup id="cite_ref-BA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in London, he set up practice in <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, at the age of 19. Two years later he married his cousin Mary Bethia Thompson, and moved to <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Call_to_missionary_work">Call to missionary work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Call to missionary work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1826, while continuing his dentistry in Exeter, he enrolled as an external student of theology at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a>, with a view to ordination in the Church of England and appointment with the <a href="/wiki/Church_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Missionary Society">Church Missionary Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BAA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His study of the New Testament led him to believe that the practices of the early church should be considered a model for every age and culture, and this caused him to consider withdrawing from Trinity College, from the CMS, and from the Anglican communion on his wife's advice. However, he had already laid the money aside and considered that he would be thought fickle if he suddenly abandoned his application. The morning before he was due to depart for Dublin, however, he was awoken by a noise and, on investigating, found that a burglary had taken place. Two packets of money were in his drawers - one containing £40 for the Irish trip and the other containing £16 for taxes: only the packet containing £40 was taken. Groves took this as a sign from God that he was not to go to Dublin and thereafter he gave up the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He met with other Christian believers in private houses for study of the apostles' doctrine, for fellowship, breaking of bread, and prayer, as was the custom of the early church (Acts 2:42), without requiring the presence of any ordained minister.<sup id="cite_ref-BAA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was here that he met <a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby">JN Darby</a> and others who were later to become prominent leaders in the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a> movement. He became increasingly concerned with the drift of the Plymouth Brethren<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> towards sectarianism under the leadership of Darby and aligned himself with <a href="/wiki/George_M%C3%BCller" title="George Müller">George Müller</a> when the brethren split in 1848 to form the <a href="/wiki/Open_Brethren" title="Open Brethren">Open Brethren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missionary_to_Baghdad">Missionary to Baghdad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Missionary to Baghdad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1829 Groves and his wife Mary set out for <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, together with their two young sons, Henry and Frank,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and accompanied by several Christian friends, one of whom was <a href="/wiki/John_Kitto" title="John Kitto">John Kitto</a>. A second party set out to join them the following year, including <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Newman" title="Francis William Newman">Francis William Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Parnell,_2nd_Baron_Congleton" title="John Parnell, 2nd Baron Congleton">John Vesey Parnell</a>. In March 1831 Baghdad entered upon a year of intense misery, with civil war, plague, floods and famine, in which Groves suffered the death of his wife Mary<sup id="cite_ref-BA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 14 May, and a recently born baby daughter on 24 August. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missionary_to_India">Missionary to India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Missionary to India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At this time, a revised charter granted to the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">East India Company</a> opened the way for unrestricted Christian missionary work in India. On invitation from Colonel Arthur Cotton, in 1833, Groves visited widely among <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a> in India, and found open doors for the gospel in many parts of the country. In 1834 he accompanied the Scottish missionary educator <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Duff_(missionary)" title="Alexander Duff (missionary)">Alexander Duff</a> from Calcutta to Scotland, nursing him slowly back to health.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duff probably owed his life to Groves's attentions, as indeed did Arthur Cotton on an earlier occasion. </p><p>During his time in Britain, Groves married for a second time to Harriet Baynes.<sup id="cite_ref-BAA_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wedding took place on 25 April 1835 at St Mary's Church, Great Malvern. She accompanied Groves when he returned to India in 1836. Groves was accompanied by John Kitto, Edward Cronin and John V Parnel (2nd Baron Congleton). Rejoined by his sons and others from <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, he established a missionary team in Madras supported largely through his dentistry, and later a farm and mission settlement in <a href="/wiki/Chittoor" title="Chittoor">Chittoor</a>. He recruited a number of missionaries to assist existing efforts in several parts of India, and to pioneer new ventures, notably in the <a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari</a> Delta and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. </p><p>Groves advocated the adoption of the New Testament as a manual of missionary methods. As a <a href="/wiki/Restorationism_(Christian_primitivism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restorationism (Christian primitivism)">primitivist</a> among <a href="/wiki/Missiology" title="Missiology">missiologists</a>, he pre-dated the more celebrated <a href="/wiki/Roland_Allen" title="Roland Allen">Roland Allen</a> by eighty years. One of Groves's Indian disciples was <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Arulappan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Arulappan (page does not exist)">John Arulappan</a> who adopted his principles. As a full-time evangelist, Arulappan lived "by faith" and stimulated the creation of a network of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of Asia">indigenous</a> Indian fellowships.<sup id="cite_ref-BAA_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groves's ideas were later taken up in India by descendants of Arulappan associated with <a href="/wiki/Bakht_Singh" title="Bakht Singh">Bakht Singh</a>, and, in a Chinese context, by <a href="/wiki/Watchman_Nee" title="Watchman Nee">Watchman Nee</a>. </p><p>Groves continued preaching and teaching in India until ill health forced him back to England in 1852. His niece, Lydia Müller, wrote at the time 'Leaning his head on his hand, he sweetly fell asleep in Jesus, at twelve on Friday, 20 May 1853'<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the home of his sister's husband <a href="/wiki/George_M%C3%BCller" title="George Müller">George Müller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BAA_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried in <a href="/wiki/Arnos_Vale_Cemetery" title="Arnos Vale Cemetery">Arnos Vale Cemetery</a> in Bristol.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He considered his life a failure, and did not live long enough to see the worldwide impact of his ideas and example on a new generation of "<a href="/wiki/Faith_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Faith missions">faith missions</a>" springing from the 1859-60 Revivals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Author">Author</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Author"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1825, Groves wrote a small booklet <a href="/wiki/Christian_Devotedness" title="Christian Devotedness">Christian Devotedness</a>, expounding Jesus' teaching concerning stewardship of material possessions. He exhorted all Christians to live economically, trusting God to supply their needs, and devoting their income to the cause of the Gospel. This booklet had a major impact upon <a href="/wiki/George_M%C3%BCller" title="George Müller">George Müller</a>, and through him on <a href="/wiki/James_Hudson_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="James Hudson Taylor">James Hudson Taylor</a> (who soon after conversion attended the Kennington meeting where <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cronin_(homeopath)" title="Edward Cronin (homeopath)">Edward Cronin</a> was local) and many other significant Christian leaders. </p><p>Groves' early journals <i>Journal of a Residence in Baghdad</i> were edited by AJ Scott and published by J Nisbet, London in 1831 & 1832. After his death, his memoirs were published in 1856 by his widow Harriet Groves, under the title <i>Memoir of the late AN Groves, containing Extracts from his Letters and Journals</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letters">Letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout his life, Groves corresponded with several prominent leaders of the early Brethren movement. His letters are a notable <a href="/wiki/Primary_source" title="Primary source">primary source</a> for historians of the Plymouth Brethren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sectarianism,_Communion_&_Ordination"><span id="Sectarianism.2C_Communion_.26_Ordination"></span>Sectarianism, Communion & Ordination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sectarianism, Communion & Ordination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Groves, an Anglican, came to recognize fellowship of genuine Christians based on "Life, not light."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter to J. N. Darby (10 March 1836,) he wrote, "I ever understood our principle of union to be the possession of the common life or common blood of the family of God (for the life is in the blood); these were our early thoughts, and are my most matured ones..." and "I would infinitely rather bear with all their evils, then separate from their good. These were the then principles of our separation and inter-communion."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus he gathered with others of like mind for communion that ignored sectarian divisions, setting the stage for "Open communion" based on faith in Jesus alone, not denominational affiliation. And he later came to realize that ordination - official recognition of authority and privilege in ministry - was itself unbiblical. "One day, the thought was brought to my mind, that ordination of any kind to preach the gospel is no requirement of Scripture. To me it was the removal of a mountain."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These principles had an effect on non-conformist churches then and non-denominational churches today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Father_of_faith_missions">Father of faith missions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Father of faith missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The biography by RB Dann shows that Anthony Norris Groves may be rightly regarded as the "father of faith missions," <i>i.e.</i>, the principle that a missionary, if called and sent by the Holy Spirit, should go to their mission in faith, believing that God will thus provide for all their needs - and without first raising funds from supporters. In addition, such a missionary should not publish their financial needs but rather wait in faith for God to provide. By his example, Groves challenged much of previous (and current) thinking about the <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> task through his journeys to Mesopotamia and India which he undertook without the backing of the State or Church. Instead, he put into practice what he believed to be the Biblical principle of trusting God alone to supply his needs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Christian Devotedness (1829)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Journal ... During a Journey from London to Bagdad (1831) <sup id="cite_ref-BA_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Remarks on a Pamphlet, entitled: <i>The Perpetuity of the Moral Law.</i> (1840)</li> <li>Journal of a Residence at Bagdad: during the years 1830 and 1831 (1832)</li> <li>A Brief Account of the Present Circumstances of the Tinnevelly Mission (1835)</li> <li>The Present State of the Tinevelley Mission. Second Edition Enlarged, with an Historical Preface and Reply to Mr. Strachan's Criticisms; and Mr. Rhenius's (farewell) Letter to the Church Missionary Society (after Receiving His Dismissal) (1836)</li> <li>Memoir of Anthony Norris Groves</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brethrenarchive.org/people/anthony-norris-groves/">Brethren Archive website, <i>Anthony Norris Groves</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroves18692-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroves18692_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGroves1869">Groves 1869</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BAA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BAA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BAA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BAA_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BAA_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BAA_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borivaliassembly.net/ministry-corner/anthony-norris-groves/">Borivali Assembly website, <i>Anthony Norris Grove</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tayler 1866, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Groves_-_Memoir_of_Anthony_Norris_Groves,_3rd_edition.djvu/550" class="extiw" title="s:Page:Groves - Memoir of Anthony Norris Groves, 3rd edition.djvu/550">Groves 1869, p. 538</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brethrenarchive.org/people/henry-groves/">Brethren Archive website, <i>Henry Groves</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/jemh/26/1-2/article-p104_6.xml">Brill website, <i>Immersed in Dependency: American Missionaries, Empires, and India in the 1830s</i>, by Darin D. Lenz, published in the Journal of early modern history, Volume 26 (2022), page 123</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Groves_-_Memoir_of_Anthony_Norris_Groves,_3rd_edition.djvu/513" class="extiw" title="s:Page:Groves - Memoir of Anthony Norris Groves, 3rd edition.djvu/513">Groves 1869, p. 501</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boase 1885.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Groves_-_Memoir_of_Anthony_Norris_Groves,_3rd_edition.djvu/552" class="extiw" title="s:Page:Groves - Memoir of Anthony Norris Groves, 3rd edition.djvu/552">Groves 1869, p. 540</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coad 1976, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coad 1976, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/3267135.Anthony_Norris_Groves">GoodReads website, <i>Anthony Norris Grove</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boase, George Clement (1885). “<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Groves,_Anthony_Norris" class="extiw" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Groves, Anthony Norris">Groves, Anthony Norris</a>,” in <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900"><i>Dictionary of National Biography</i></a>, 1885-1900, in 63 vols. London: Smith, Elder, & Co.</li> <li>Coad, Roy (1976). <i>A History of the Brethren Movement</i>. 2nd edition. London: Paternoster Press.</li> <li>Dann, Robert Bernard, <i>Father of Faith Missions : The Life and Times of Anthony Norris Groves</i>, (Authentic Media, 2004), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884543-90-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-884543-90-1">1-884543-90-1</a></li> <li>Dann, Robert Bernard, <i>The Legacy of Anthony Norris Groves</i>, (International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol 29, No 4, Oct 2005)</li> <li>Groves, Anthony Norris (1829). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930223010/http://web.ukonline.co.uk/d.haslam/groves/Anthony%20Norris%20Groves.htm">Christian Devotedness</a></i>. James Nisbet.</li> <li>Groves, Anthony Norris (1833). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://silicabiblechapel.com/uploads/3/4/4/6/34464869/on_the_nature_of_christian_influence.pdf">On the Nature of Christian Influence</a></i>. American Mission Press.</li> <li>Groves, Anthony Norris (1834). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://silicabiblechapel.com/uploads/3/4/4/6/34464869/on_the_liberty_of_ministry_in_the_church_of_christ_2.16.23.pdf">On the Liberty of Ministry in the Church of Christ</a></i>. Original Printing, Mission Press, Neyoor, 1834.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroves1869" class="citation book cs1">Groves, Harriet (1869). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title=""><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Memoir_of_Anthony_Norris_Groves"><i>Memoir of Anthony Norris Groves</i> </a></span> (3rd ed.). London: James Nisbet & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=s%3AMemoir+of+Anthony+Norris+Groves&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=James+Nisbet+%26+Co.&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnthony+Norris+Groves" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li>Lang, GH, <i>Anthony Norris Groves: A Combined Study of a Man of God and of the Principles and Practice of the Brethren</i>, reprint, 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kingsleypress.com/anthony-norris-groves-saint-and-pioneer-by-g-h-lang.html">Kingsley Press</a></li> <li>Lang, GH, <i>The History and Diaries of An Indian Christian: JC Aroolappen</i>, USA, Schoettle Publishing Co, Inc, 1988, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schoettlepublishing.com/catalog/lang.htm">Schoettle Publishing Company</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080608132525/http://www.schoettlepublishing.com/catalog/lang.htm">Archived</a> 8 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Stunt, Timothy CF, <i>Anthony Norris Groves in an International Context: A Re-assessment of his Early Development</i>, in <i>The Growth of the Brethren Movement: National and International Experiences (Studies in Evangelical History & Thought)</i>, edited by Neil TR Dickson and Tim Grass, (Carlisle, Paternoster Press, 2006), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84227-427-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84227-427-9">1-84227-427-9</a>. pp  223–40.</li> <li>Tayler, William Elfe (1866). <i>Passages from the Diary and Letters of Henry Craik, of Bristol</i>. London: J. F. Shaw & Co.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video">Video</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Anthony Norris Groves – the Quiet Trailblazer</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717143728/http://www.cta.uk.com/shop.asp?pid=164">[1]</a>, (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cta.uk.com">Christian Television Association</a> for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echoes.org.uk/">Echoes of Service</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Norris_Groves&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Anthony_Norris_Groves" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Anthony Norris Groves">Anthony Norris Groves</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/26379">Works by Anthony Norris Groves</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Groves%2C%20Anthony%20Norris%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Groves%2C%20Anthony%20N%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Groves%2C%20A%2E%20N%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Anthony%20Norris%20Groves%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Anthony%20N%2E%20Groves%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22A%2E%20N%2E%20Groves%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Groves%2C%20Anthony%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Anthony%20Groves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Anthony%20Norris%20Groves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Anthony%20N%2E%20Groves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A%2E%20N%2E%20Groves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A%2E%20Norris%20Groves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Groves%2C%20Anthony%20Norris%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Groves%2C%20Anthony%20N%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Groves%2C%20A%2E%20N%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Groves%2C%20A%2E%20Norris%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Anthony%20Groves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Groves%2C%20Anthony%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Anthony%20Norris%20Groves%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Anthony%20N%2E%20Groves%22%20OR%20title%3A%22A%2E%20N%2E%20Groves%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Anthony%20Groves%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Anthony%20Norris%20Groves%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Anthony%20N%2E%20Groves%22%20OR%20description%3A%22A%2E%20N%2E%20Groves%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Groves%2C%20Anthony%20Norris%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Groves%2C%20Anthony%20N%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Anthony%20Groves%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Groves%2C%20Anthony%22%29%20OR%20%28%221795-1853%22%20AND%20Groves%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Anthony Norris Groves</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091012055329/http://web.ukonline.co.uk/d.haslam/groves/AboutANG.htm">Anthony Norris Groves (1795-1853)</a> – has some brief biographical data plus a bibliography relating to AN Groves, that includes a modern reprint of his <i>Memoirs</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://silicabiblechapel.com/uploads/3/4/4/6/34464869/bearing_witness_to_the_original_principles_of_the_early_brethren.pdf">Bearing Witness to the Original Principles of the Early Brethren: As Found in a Letter Written by A.N. Groves to J.N. Darby in 1836 (Updated Version)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protestant_missions_to_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protestant_missions_to_India" title="Template:Protestant missions to India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protestant_missions_to_India" title="Template talk:Protestant missions to India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protestant_missions_to_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protestant missions to India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protestant_missions_to_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Protestant missions to India</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantaenus" title="Pantaenus">Pantaenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indian_history" title="Timeline of Indian history">Indian history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christian_missions" title="Timeline of Christian missions">Missions timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Protestant_missionaries_in_India" title="List of Protestant missionaries in India">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Oliver_Allen" title="David Oliver Allen">David Oliver Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Olaf_Bodding" title="Paul Olaf Bodding">Paul Olaf Bodding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Mary_Brown" title="Edith Mary Brown">Edith Mary Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Brown_(missionary)" title="Nathan Brown (missionary)">Nathan Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Caldwell" title="Robert Caldwell">Robert Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._E._Rhenius" title="C. T. E. Rhenius">C. T. E. Rhenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carey_(missionary)" title="William Carey (missionary)">William Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Carmichael" title="Amy Carmichael">Amy Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Margoschis" title="Arthur Margoschis">Arthur Margoschis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Cook" title="Robert F. Cook">Robert F. Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Duff_(missionary)" title="Alexander Duff (missionary)">Alexander Duff</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anthony Norris Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gundert" title="Hermann Gundert">Hermann Gundert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_Hyde" title="John Nelson Hyde">John Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Stanley_Jones" title="E. Stanley Jones">E. Stanley Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(missionary)" title="Thomas Jones (missionary)">Thomas Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Knill" title="Richard Knill">Richard Knill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Marshman" title="Hannah Marshman">Hannah Marshman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clark_Marshman" title="John Clark Marshman">John Clark Marshman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Marshman" title="Joshua Marshman">Joshua Marshman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Martyn" title="Henry Martyn">Henry Martyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_McGavran" title="Donald McGavran">Donald McGavran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mudge" title="James Mudge">James Mudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volbrecht_Nagel" title="Volbrecht Nagel">Volbrecht Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Uglow_Pope" title="George Uglow Pope">George Uglow Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Rice" title="Luther Rice">Luther Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Robinson_(bishop)" title="John Edward Robinson (bishop)">John Edward Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Daniel_Rockey" title="Clement Daniel Rockey">Clement Daniel Rockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Schwarz" title="Christian Friedrich Schwarz">Christian Friedrich Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scudder_family_of_missionaries_in_India" title="Scudder family of missionaries in India">Scudder Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serampore_Trio" title="Serampore Trio">Serampore Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Olsen_Skrefsrud" title="Lars Olsen Skrefsrud">Lars Olsen Skrefsrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Somervell" title="Howard Somervell">Howard Somervell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Staines" title="Graham Staines">Graham Staines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturge" title="Alfred Sturge">Alfred Sturge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Taylor_(bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Taylor (bishop)">William Taylor (bishop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mills_Thoburn" title="James Mills Thoburn">James Mills Thoburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Tyndale-Biscoe" title="Cecil Tyndale-Biscoe">Cecil Tyndale-Biscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ward_(missionary)" title="William Ward (missionary)">William Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg" title="Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg">Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paton_(ecumenist)" title="William Paton (ecumenist)">William Paton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Christian_College" title="Andhra Christian College">Andhra Christian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles_Establishment" title="Eccles Establishment">Eccles Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Missionary_Society_of_Mayurbhanj" title="Evangelical Missionary Society of Mayurbhanj">Evangelical Missionary Society of Mayurbhanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossner_Theological_College" title="Gossner Theological College">Gossner Theological College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_Christian_College" title="Madras Christian College">Madras Christian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serampore_College" title="Serampore College">Serampore College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Church_College" title="Scottish Church College">Scottish Church College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Christian_College" title="Scott Christian College">Scott Christian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_College,_Delhi" title="St. Stephen's College, Delhi">St. Stephen's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_College,_Mumbai" title="Wilson College, Mumbai">Wilson College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missionary agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_International_Ministries" class="mw-redirect" title="American Baptist International Ministries">American Baptist Foreign Mission Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Commissioners_for_Foreign_Missions" title="American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions">American Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Baptist_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Baptist Missionary Society">Australian Baptist Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMS_World_Mission" title="BMS World Mission">Baptist Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Baptist_Mission" title="Canadian Baptist Mission">Canadian Baptist Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England_Zenana_Missionary_Society" title="Church of England Zenana Missionary Society">Church of England Zenana Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Mission_Society" title="Church Mission Society">Church Mission Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Scottish General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_to_the_World" title="Mission to the World">Mission to the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Union of New Zealand">New Zealand Baptist Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Society_Partners_in_the_Gospel" title="United Society Partners in the Gospel">United Society Partners in the Gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pivotal events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi_in_reports_by_Christian_missionaries" title="Ayyavazhi in reports by Christian missionaries">Interactions with Ayyavazhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian Protestants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Mohan_Banerjee" title="Krishna Mohan Banerjee">Krishna Mohan Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jashwant_Rao_Chitambar" title="Jashwant Rao Chitambar">Jashwant Rao Chitambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._C._John" title="P. C. John">P. C. John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._B._Masilamani" title="A. B. Masilamani">A. B. Masilamani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Pal" title="Krishna Pal">Krishna Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Premasagar" title="Victor Premasagar">Victor Premasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Singh" title="Bakht Singh">Bakht Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Sundar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhu Sundar Singh">Sadhu Sundar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._D._Tiwari" title="Y. D. Tiwari">Y. D. Tiwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q447554#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q447554#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q447554#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000039332783">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/69859388">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1619788/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhMfgrHtxJjF6jrp3DQbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124362087">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2005010914">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5252880">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p115540679">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Groves, Anthony Norris, 1795-1853"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000258746&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124362087">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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