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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Buddhismus/Glossar" title="Portal:Buddhismus/Glossar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Buddhismus/Glossar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminaro_de_Budhismo" title="Terminaro de Budhismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Terminaro de Budhismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocabulaire_et_concepts_du_bouddhisme" title="Vocabulaire et concepts du bouddhisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vocabulaire et concepts du bouddhisme" data-language-autonym="Français" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16.0em;border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FFD068">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism" title="Category:Buddhism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFD068"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/90px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/135px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/180px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Outline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism" title="History of Buddhism">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism" title="Timeline of Buddhism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism">Pre-sectarian Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_councils" title="Buddhist councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline in the Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Later Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Concepts</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra">Dharma wheel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">Five Aggregates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anicca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anicca">Impermanence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukkha">Suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatta">Not-self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" title="Pratītyasamutpāda">Dependent Origination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Emptiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism)">Saṃsāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Cosmology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Buddhist texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhavacana" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhavacana">Buddhavacana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Buddhist Texts">Early Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana_sutras" title="Mahayana sutras">Mahayana Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli Canon">Pāli Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_Buddhist_literature" title="Sanskrit Buddhist literature">Sanskrit literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon" title="Chinese Buddhist canon">Chinese canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-canonical_Buddhist_texts" title="Post-canonical Buddhist texts">Post-canon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Threefold_Training" title="Threefold Training">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Three Jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Paths_to_liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist Paths to liberation">Buddhist Paths to liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">Five precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Perfections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Philosophical reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Devotional practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">Merit making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anussati" title="Anussati">Recollections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Mindfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Sublime abidings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā">Aids to Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Lay life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist chant">Buddhist chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(Buddhism)" title="Nirvana (Buddhism)">Nirvāṇa</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_stages_of_awakening" title="Four stages of awakening">Four Stages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratyekabuddha">Pratyekabuddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddha</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">Traditions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravāda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli Canon">Pāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahāyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navayana" title="Navayana">Navayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_Buddhism" title="Newar Buddhism">Newar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_by_country" title="Buddhism by country">Buddhism by country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar" title="Buddhism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Russia" title="Buddhism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Singapore" title="Buddhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand" title="Buddhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/16px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/24px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/32px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Buddhism" title="Portal:Buddhism">Buddhism portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buddhism" title="Template:Buddhism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buddhism" title="Template talk:Buddhism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buddhism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buddhism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Some <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. Below are given a number of important Buddhist terms, short definitions, and the languages in which they appear. In this list, an attempt has been made to organize terms by their original form and give translations and synonyms in other languages along with the definition. Languages and traditions dealt with here: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (Eng.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pāli</a>: <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> Buddhism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Hybrid_Sanskrit" title="Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit">Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit</a>): primarily <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> Buddhism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (Bgd): <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Buddhism in Bangladesh">Buddhism in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a> (Sri): <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Buddhism in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a> (Bur): <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar" title="Buddhism in Myanmar">Buddhism in Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_language" title="S'gaw Karen language">Karen</a> (Kar): Theravada Buddhism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Buddhism in Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_language" title="Mon language">Mon</a> (Mon): Theravada Buddhism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> (Mn): <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Buddhism in Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_language" title="Shan language">Shan</a> (Shan): Theravada Buddhism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetan</a> (Tib): <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzongkha languages">Dzongkha ༼རྫོང་ཁ༽</a> (Dzo): <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Buddhism in Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand" title="Buddhism in Thailand">Buddhism in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Buddhism in Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJKV languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (Cn): <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> (Hk): <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Buddhism in Hong Kong">Buddhism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> (Jp): <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhism in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> (Ko): <a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Korean Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a> (Tw): <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Buddhism in Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (Vi): <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Buddhism in Vietnam</a> (Mahayana and Theravada)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> (Jv): <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Buddhism in Indonesia</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A">A</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: A">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Abhidhamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhidhamma">abhidhamma</a> A category of scriptures that attempts to use Buddhist teachings to create a systematic, abstract description of all worldly phenomena </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>abhi is "above" or "about", dhamma is "teaching"</li> <li>Pāli: abhidhamma</li> <li>Sanskrit: abhidharma</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Bur: အဘိဓမ္မာ abhidhamma (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[əbḭdəmà]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: អភិធម្ម âphĭthômm</li> <li>Tib: ཆོས་མངོན་པ chos mngon pa</li> <li>Mn: их ном, билиг ухаан; ikh nom, bilig ukhaan</li> <li>Thai: อภิธรรม a-pi-tam</li> <li>阿毘達磨／阿毗昙 <ul><li>Cn: Āpídámó</li> <li>Jp: Abidatsuma</li> <li>Ko: 아비달마, Abidalma</li> <li>Vi: a-tì-đạt-ma, thắng pháp</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Avataṃsakasūtra "Garland Scripture" </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Avataṃsakasūtra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>大方廣佛華嚴經 / 華嚴經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Abhidhamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhidhamma">Abhidhamma Pitaka</a> The third basket of the <a href="/wiki/Tripitaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripitaka">Tripitaka</a> canon, the reorganization of all doctrines in a systematic way </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Abhidhamma-piṭaka</li> <li>Sanskrit: Abhidharma-piṭaka</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: အဘိဓမ္မာပိဋကတ် Abidhamma Pitakat (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[əbḭdamà pḭdəɡaʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: អភិធម្មបិដក âphĭthômm bĕdâk</li> <li>Mon: အဘိဓဝ်ပိတကတ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[əpʰìʔtʰò pɔeʔtəkɔt]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: อภิธรรมปิฎก a-pi-tam-pi-dok</li> <li>論藏, 論蔵 <ul><li>Cn: Lùnzàng</li> <li>Jp: Ronzō</li> <li>Ko: 논장, Nonjang</li> <li>Vi: Luận tạng, Tạng luận, tạng thứ ba trong ba tạng là kinh, luật và luận</li></ul></li> <li>Mn: Илт ном, Ilt nom</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Abhiniṣkramaṇasūtra </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Abhiniṣkramaṇasūtra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>佛本行集經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Acariya" class="mw-redirect" title="Acariya">acariya</a>, lit. "teacher", One of the two teachers of a novice monk - the other one is called upādhyāya </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: ācariya<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20121215030019/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:2602.pali">[1]</a></li> <li>Sanskrit: ācārya</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဆရာ saya (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[sʰəjà]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ဢႃႇၸရီႉယႃႉ atsariya (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[ʔaː˨ tsa˩ ri˥ jaː˥]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: อาจารย์ <a href="/wiki/Ajahn" title="Ajahn">ajahn</a></li> <li>阿闍梨 or 阿闍梨耶 <ul><li>Cn: āshélí or āshélíyē</li> <li>Jp: ajari or ajariya</li> <li>Ko: 아사리, asari or 아사리야 asariya</li> <li>Vi: a-xà-lê or a-xà-lê-da or giáo thọ sư</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adbhutadharmaparyāyasūtra </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Adbhutadharmaparyāyasūtra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>甚稀有經 or 未曾有經 <ul><li>Cn: Shen xiyou jing</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adhigamadharma Realized Dharma </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>證法</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Adhitthana" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhitthana">adhitthana</a> Determination, to pray, to wish </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Adhiṭṭhāna</li> <li>Sanskrit: अधिष्ठान</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: အဓိဋ္ဌာန် (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ədeɪʔtʰàɴ]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: อธิษฐาน ah-tid-taan</li> <li>決心 or 決意 <ul><li>Cn: Juéxīn, juéyì</li> <li>Jp: kesshin</li> <li>Ko: 결심, gyeolsim or 결의, gyeolui</li> <li>Vi: nguyện lực</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikaya">Āgama</a> The non-Mahayana divisions of the Sutra Pitaka </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Āgama</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Āgama (but usually called Nikāya)</li> <li>阿含 <ul><li>Cn: Āhán</li> <li>Jp: Agon</li> <li>Ko: 아함, Aham</li> <li>Vi: A-hàm</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Āgamadharma scriptural Dharma </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Āgamadharma</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>教法</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">ahimsa</a> The devotion to non-violence and respect for all forms of life. Practicers of ahimsa are often vegetarians or vegans </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: ahiṃsā</li> <li>Pāli: ahiṃsā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Thai: อหิงสา 'ah-hing-sa'</li> <li>不害 <ul><li>Cn: bù hài</li> <li>Jp: fugai</li> <li>Ko: 불해, bulhae</li> <li>Vi: bất hại</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Akshobhya" title="Akshobhya">Akshobhya</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Akṣobhya</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Mn: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ; Үл Хөдлөгч, Хөдөлшгүй;</li> <li>阿閦如來 <ul><li>Cn: Āchùrúlái</li> <li>Jp: Ashuku Nyorai</li> <li>Vi: A-súc Như Lai</li></ul></li></ul> Ködelüsi ügei, Ülü hödelügci </td></tr> <tr> <td>akuśalakarmapatha unwholesome courses of action </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: akuśalakarmapatha</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>alayavijnana, see <a href="/wiki/Store_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Store consciousness">store consciousness</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: ālayavijñāna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Tib: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style>ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ kun gzhi rnam par shes pa</li> <li>阿賴耶識, 阿頼耶識 <ul><li>Cn: ālàiyēshí</li> <li>Jp: araya-shiki</li> <li>Ko: 아뢰야식, aroeyasik</li> <li>Vi: a-lại-da thức</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Amitabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitabha">Amitabha</a> Lit. "The Buddha of Infinite Light". The main buddha of the <a href="/wiki/Pure_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Land">Pure Land school</a>, but is popular in other Mahayana sects as well. The image is of light as the form of wisdom, which has no form. Also interpreted as the Tathagata of Unhindered Light that Penetrates the Ten Quarters by <a href="/wiki/Tan-luan" title="Tan-luan">Tan Luan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinran" title="Shinran">Shinran</a> and others </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: amitābha (lit. "limitless light") and amitāyus (lit. "limitless life")</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>阿彌陀 or 阿彌陀佛, 阿弥陀 or 阿弥陀仏 <ul><li>Cn: Ēmítuó or Ēmítuó fó</li> <li>Jp: Amida or Amida-butsu</li> <li>Ko: 아미타, Amita or 아미타불, Amitabul</li> <li>Tw: O͘-mí-tô͘-hu̍t</li> <li>Vi: A-Di-Đà, A-Di-Đà Phật, or Phật A-Di-Đà</li></ul></li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">འོད་དཔག་མེད།</li> <li>Mn: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠸᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ; Аминдаваа, Цаглашгүй гэрэлт; Amindava, Tsaglasi ügei gereltü</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Amitābhasūtra </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Amitābhasūtra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>阿彌陀經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Amoghasiddhi" title="Amoghasiddhi">Amoghasiddhi</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Amoghasiddhi</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Tib: Dön yö drub pa</li> <li>Mn: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠨᠥᠭᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡ᠋᠌᠋᠋ᠺᠴᠢ; Төгс Нөгчигсөн, Үйл Бүтээгч; Tegüs nögcigsen, Üyile Bütügegci</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Anagarika" class="mw-redirect" title="Anagarika">anagārika</a> A white-clothed student in the Theravada tradition who, for a few months, awaits being considered for <a href="/wiki/Samaneras" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaneras">sāmaṇera</a> ordination. An anagārika takes the <a href="/wiki/Eight_precepts" title="Eight precepts">eight precepts</a>, and in some cases, may choose to remain in this position for years to directly support the <a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">sangha</a>. </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: anāgarika</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Thai: อนาคาริก a-na-ka-rik</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">anapanasati</a> Mindfulness of the breath meditation </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: ānāpānasati</li> <li>Sanskrit: ānāpānasmṛti</li> <li>Bur: အာနာပါန anapana (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ànàpàna̰]</a>)</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Anatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatta">anatta</a> The principle denial of the soul in any phenomena. See also <a href="/wiki/Negative_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative theology">negative theology</a>. </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: anattā</li> <li>Sanskrit: anātman</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: အနတ္တ anatta (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ənaʔta̰]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ဢၼတ်ႉတႃႉ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[ʔa˩ nat˥ taː˥]</a>)</li> <li>無我 <ul><li>Cn: wúwǒ</li> <li>Jp: muga</li> <li>Ko: 무아, mua</li> <li>Tw: bû-ngó͘</li> <li>Vi: vô ngã</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Anicca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anicca">anicca</a> Impermanence </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: anicca</li> <li>Sanskrit: anitya</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: အနိစ္စ aneissa (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[əneɪʔsa̰]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ဢၼိၵ်ႈၸႃႉ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[ʔa˩ nik˧ tsaː˥]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: อนิจจา anijja</li> <li>無常 <ul><li>Cn: wúcháng</li> <li>Jp: mujō</li> <li>Ko: 무상, musang</li> <li>Tw: bû-siông</li> <li>Vi: vô thường</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>anitya Impermanence, synonym to anicca </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anuttara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anuttara (page does not exist)">anuttara</a> Unsurpassing </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: anuttara</li> <li>Sanskrit: anuttara</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>阿耨多羅／阿耨多罗 (無上／无上) <ul><li>Cn: Ānòuduōluó ("wǔshàng")</li> <li>Jp: anokutara</li> <li>Ko: 아뇩다라, anyokdara</li> <li>Vi: A-nậu-đà-la (vô thượng)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">anuttara samyak sambodhi</a>, unsurpassable, complete, perfect enlightenment; unsurpassable, right, and full enlightenment </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli:</li> <li>Sanskrit:</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Khmer: អនុត្តរសម្មាសម្ពោធិ ânŭttârôsâmméasâmpoŭthĭ</li> <li>Tib:,</li> <li>阿耨多罗三藐三菩提 (or 無上正等正覺) <ul><li>Cn: ānòuduōluó sānmiǎosānpútí (or wúshàng zhèngděng zhèngjué)</li> <li>Jp: anokutara sanmyakusanbodai</li> <li>Ko: 아뇩다라삼먁삼보리, Anyokdara sammyak sambori</li> <li>Vi: A-nậu-đà-la tam-miệu tam-bồ-đề, Vô-thượng chánh-đẳng chánh-giác, Sáng-suốt giác-ngộ hoàn-toàn</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">arhat</a>, lit. "the Worthy One", A living person who has reached Enlightenment </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: arahat or arahant</li> <li>Sanskrit: arhat or arhant</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ရဟန္တာ yahanda (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[jaháɴdà]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ရႁၢၼ်းတႃႇ rahanta (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[ra˩ haːn˦ taː˨]</a>)</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">དགྲ་ཅོམ་པ་, dgra com pa</li> <li>Mn: архад, arkhad</li> <li>Thai: อรหันต์ uh-ra-hann</li> <li>阿羅漢 <ul><li>Cn: āluóhàn</li> <li>Jp: arakan</li> <li>Ko: 아라한, arahan</li> <li>Tw: a-lô-hàn</li> <li>Vi: a-la-hán</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ārūpyarāga </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: ārūpyarāga</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>無色貪</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asura_(Buddhism)" title="Asura (Buddhism)">asura</a> "nongods," </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: asura</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Thai: อสูร asula</li> <li>阿修羅 <ul><li>Cn: āxiūluó</li> <li>Jp: ashuran</li> <li>Ko: 아수라, asura</li> <li>Tw: A-siu-lô</li> <li>Vi: A Tu La</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Atman_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman (Buddhism)">atman</a> literally "self", sometimes "soul" or "ego". In Buddhism, the predominant teaching is the negating doctrine of anatman, that there is no permanent, persisting atman, and that belief in atman is the prime consequence of ignorance, the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Samsara" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsara">samsara</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: atta</li> <li>Sanskrit: ātman</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: အတ္တ atta (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[aʔta̰]</a>)</li> <li>我 <ul><li>Cn: wǒ</li> <li>Jp: ga</li> <li>Ko: 아, a</li> <li>Tw: ngó͘</li> <li>Vi: ngã</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Avalokitesvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Avalokitesvara">Avalokitesvara</a>, lit. "One Who Hears the Suffering Cries of the World", The <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a> of compassion (see also <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yin" class="mw-redirect" title="Guan Yin">Guan Yin</a>) </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Avalokiteśvara</li> <li>Bur: လောကနတ် lawka nat (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[lɔ́ka̰ naʔ]</a>)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ spyan ras gzigs</li> <li>Mn: Жанрайсиг, Janraisig</li> <li>觀世音 or 觀音 <ul><li>Cn: Guānshì Yīn or Guān Yīn</li> <li>Jp: Kanzeon or Kannon</li> <li>Ko: 관세음, Gwanse-eum or 관음, Gwaneum</li> <li>Tw: Koan-sè-im or Koan-im</li> <li>Vi: "Quan Thế Âm Bồ Tát", "Quán Thế Âm Bồ Tát' or "Quan Âm"</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Avidya_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avidya (Buddhism)">avidya</a> "ignorance" or "delusion" </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: avidyā pāli: "avijjā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: avijjā</li> <li>Bur: အဝိဇ္ဇာ aweizza (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[əweɪʔ zà]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ဢဝိၵ်ႉၸႃႇ awitsa ([ʔa wik˥ tsaː˨])</li> <li>Thai: อวิชชา aa-wit-sha</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">མ་རིག་པ་ ma rig-pa</li> <li>無明 <ul><li>Cn: wúmíng</li> <li>Jp: mumyō</li> <li>Ko: 무명, mumyeong</li> <li>Tw: Bû-bêng</li> <li>Vi: vô minh</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="B">B</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: B">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">bardo</a>, lit. "intermediate state" or "in-between state", According to Tibetan tradition, the state of existence intermediate between two lives </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">བར་མ་དོའི་སྲིད་པ་ bar ma do'i srid pa</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Sanskrit: antarābhava</li> <li>Mn: зуурд, zuurd</li> <li>中有,中陰身 <ul><li>Cn: zhongyǒu</li> <li>Jp: chūu</li> <li>Ko: 중유 jungyu or 바르도 bareudo</li> <li>Vi: trung hữu, trung ấm thân, thân trung-ấm</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhavacakra" title="Bhavacakra">bhavacakra/bhavacakka</a> A circular symbolic representation of <a href="/wiki/Samsara" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsara">samsara</a>, also known as Wheel of becoming </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: bhavacakka</li> <li>Sanskrit: bhava-cakra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဘဝစက် bawa set (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[bəwa̰ sɛʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ဘဝစက် (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[həwɛ̀ʔ cɛk]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ၽဝႃႉၸၢၵ်ႈ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[pʰa˩ waː˥ tsaːk˧]</a>)</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">སྲིད་པའི་འཁོར་ལ</li> <li>Mn: Орчлонгийн хүрдэн, Orchlongiin khurden</li> <li>有輪 <ul><li>Cn: yǒulún</li> <li>Jp: ariwa</li> <li>Ko: 유륜, yuryun</li> <li>Vi: hữu luân</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>bhante The polite particle used to refer to Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">monks</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> tradition. Bhante literally means "Venerable Sir." </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဘန္တေ bhante (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[bàɴdè]</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhava" title="Bhava">bhava</a> Becoming, being, existing; the 10th link of <a href="/wiki/Pratitya-samutpada" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratitya-samutpada">Pratitya-samutpada</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli, Sanskrit: bhava</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဘဝ bawa (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[bəwa̰]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ဘဝ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[həwɛ̀ʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ၽဝႃႉ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[pʰa˩ waː˥]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: ภาวะ pa-wah</li> <li>有(十二因緣) <ul><li>Cn: yǒu</li> <li>Jp: u</li> <li>Ko: 유, yu</li> <li>Tw: iú</li> <li>Vi: hữu (thập nhị nhân duyên)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">bhikkhu/bhikshu</a>, lit. "beggar", A Buddhist monk </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: bhikkhu</li> <li>Sanskrit: bhikṣu</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဘိက္ခု bheikkhu (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[beɪʔkʰù]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ၽိၵ်ႈၶူႇ ([pʰik˧ kʰu˨])</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">དགེ་སློང་ dge slong</li> <li>Mn: гэлэн, gelen</li> <li>Thai: ภิกขุ bhikku</li> <li>比丘 <ul><li>Cn: bǐ qiū</li> <li>Jp: biku</li> <li>Ko: 비구, bigu or 스님 seunim, also 중, jung (pejorative)</li> <li>Tw: pí-khiu</li> <li>Vi: tì-kheo</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhikkhuni">bhikkhuni/bhikshuni</a> A Buddhist nun </td> <td> <ul><li>from <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">bhikkhu</a></li> <li>Pāli: bhikkhuni</li> <li>Sanskrit: bhikṣuni</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဘိက္ခုနီ bheikkhuni (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[beɪʔkʰùnì]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ၽိၵ်ႈၶူႇၼီႇ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[pʰik˧ kʰu˨ ni˨]</a>)</li> <li>Kar: ဘံကူနံ or ဖံဝါ "beegoonee" or "hpeewah"</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">དགེ་སློང་མ་ sde slong ma</li> <li>Mn: гэлэнмаа, gelenmaa</li> <li>Thai: ภิกษุณี bhiksuni</li> <li>比丘尼 <ul><li>Cn: bǐqiūní</li> <li>Jp: bikuni</li> <li>Ko: 비구니, biguni, 여승 (女僧), yeoseung</li> <li>Tw: pí-khiu-nî</li> <li>Vi: tỉ-khâu-ni, tỉ-khưu-ni or tì-kheo-ni, ni</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C4%ABja" title="Bīja">bija</a>, lit. "seed", A metaphor for the origin or cause of things, used in the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Yogacara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogacara">Yogacara</a> school </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: bīja</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဗီဇ biza (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[bì za̰]</a>)</li> <li>種子 <ul><li>Cn: zhŏngzi</li> <li>Jp: shūji</li> <li>Ko: 종자, jongja</li> <li>Vi: chủng tử, hạt giống, hột giống</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bodhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi">bodhi</a> Awakening or Enlightenment </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli, Sanskrit: bodhi</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဗောဓိ bawdhi (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[bɔ́dḭ]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ပေႃးထီႉ ([pɔ˦ tʰi˥])</li> <li>Thai: โพธิ์ poe</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">བྱང་ཆུབ byang chub</li> <li>Mn: бодь, bodi</li> <li>Tag: Budhi</li> <li>菩提 <ul><li>Cn: pútí</li> <li>Jp: bodai</li> <li>Ko: 보리, bori</li> <li>Tw: phô͘-thê</li> <li>Vi: bồ-đề, giác, giác ngộ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bodhisattvapiṭaka "The Bodhisattva Basket" </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Bodhisattvapiṭaka</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>菩薩藏經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi tree">Bodhi tree</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Fig">Sacred Fig</a> (Ficus religiosa) tree under which Gautama reached Enlightenment </td> <td> <ul><li>from <a href="/wiki/Bodhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi">bodhi</a> above</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဗောဓိညောင် bawdhi nyaung (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[bɔ́ dḭ ɲàʊɴ]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ၺွင်ႇပေႃးထီႉ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[ɲɔŋ˨ pɔ˦ tʰi˥]</a>)</li> <li>菩提樹 <ul><li>Cn: Pútíshù</li> <li>Jp: Bodaiju</li> <li>Ko: 보리수, Borisu</li> <li>Vi: Bồ-đề thụ, Bồ-đề thọ, cây Bồ-đề</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bodhicaryāvatāra "Introduction to the Practice of Enlightenment," written by Śāntideva (685-763) </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Bodhicaryāvatāra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>菩提行經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bodhicitta" title="Bodhicitta">bodhicitta</a> The motivation of a <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli, Sanskrit: bodhicitta</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဗောဓိစိတ္တ bawdhi seitta (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[bɔ́dḭ seɪʔ da̰]</a>)</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་, byang chub kyi sems</li> <li>Mn: бодь сэтгэл, bodi setgel</li> <li>菩提心 <ul><li>Cn: pútíxīn</li> <li>Jp: bodaishin</li> <li>Ko: 보리심, borisim</li> <li>Tw: phô͘-thê-sim</li> <li>Vi: bồ-đề tâm</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a> One with the intention to become a Buddha in order to liberate all other sentient beings from suffering </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: bodhisatta</li> <li>Sanskrit: bodhisattva</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဗောဓိသတ် bawdhi that (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[bɔ́ dḭ θaʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: တြုံ လၟောဝ် ကျာ် (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[kraoh kəmo caik]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: โพธิสัตว์ poe-ti-satt</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ, byang chub sems dpaʼ</li> <li>Mn: бодьсад(ва), bodisad(va)</li> <li>菩薩 <ul><li>Cn: púsà</li> <li>Jp: bosatsu</li> <li>Ko: 보살, bosal</li> <li>Tw: Phô͘-sat</li> <li>Vi: bồ-tát</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Jebtsundamba_Khutuktu" title="Jebtsundamba Khutuktu">Boghda</a> Holy, living Buddha, living Boddhisattva. The title of <a href="/wiki/Jebtsundamba_Khutuktu" title="Jebtsundamba Khutuktu">Jebtsundamba Khutuktu</a>; also title used with the names of highest Buddhist masters, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Tsongkhapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsongkhapa">boghda Tsongkhapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchen">Panchen boghda</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Shan: ၽၵ်ႈၵဝႃႇ ([pʰak˧ ka˩ waː˨])</li> <li>Mn: богд, bogd</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">བོག་ད་ bogda</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddha</a> A Buddha; also, the Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama. </td> <td> <ul><li>from √budh: to awaken</li> <li>Pāli, Sanskrit: buddha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဗုဒ္ဓ bodha (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[boʊʔda̰]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ပုၵ်ႉထႃႉ ([puk˥ tʰaː˥])</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">སངས་རྒྱས sangs rgyas</li> <li>Mn: бурхан, burhan</li> <li>佛, 仏, 仏陀 <ul><li>Cn: fó</li> <li>Jp: butsu or <a href="/wiki/Hotoke" title="Hotoke">hotoke</a> or budda</li> <li>Ko: 불, Bul or 부처, Bucheo</li> <li>Vi: Phật or Bụt</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddha_nature" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha nature">buddha nature</a> The uncreated and deathless Buddhic element or principle concealed within all sentient beings to achieve Awakening; the innate (latent) Buddha essence (esp. in the <a href="/wiki/Tathagatagarbha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tathagatagarbha">Tathagatagarbha</a> sutras, <a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a> thought) </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: buddha-dhatu, buddha-svabhāva, "tathagata-dhatu", or <a href="/wiki/Tathagatagarbha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tathagatagarbha">tathagatagarbha</a>.</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>佛性, 仏性 <ul><li>Cn: fóxìng</li> <li>Jp: busshō</li> <li>Ko: 불성, bulseong</li> <li>Vi: Phật tính, Phật tánh, Cái tánh sáng-suốt giác-ngộ hoàn-toàn</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> The religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>, a wandering teacher who lived in ancient India during the 6th or 5th century BCE </td> <td> <ul><li>from √budh: to awaken</li> <li>Pāli: buddha-sāsana</li> <li>Sanskrit: buddha-sāsana</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ boddha batha (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[boʊʔda̰ bàðà]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ပုၵ်ႉထႃႉၽႃႇသႃႇ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[puk˥ tʰaː˥ pʰaː˨ sʰaː˨]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[pùttʰɛ̀ʔ pʰɛ̀asa]</a>)</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ནང་བསྟན།</li> <li>Mn: Бурханы Шашин, Burhanii Shashin</li> <li>佛教, 仏教 <ul><li>Cn: Fójiào</li> <li>Jp: bukkyō</li> <li>Ko: 불교, bulgyo</li> <li>Vi: Phật-giáo</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="C">C</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: C">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Cetana" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetana">cetana</a> Volition </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Pāli: cetana</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Bur: စေတနာ sedana (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[sèdənà]</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Cetiya" title="Cetiya">Cetiya</a> A reliquary holding holy objects of veneration </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Pāli: cetiya</li> <li>Sanskrit: caitya</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Bur: စေတီ zedi (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[zèdi]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer:</li> <li>Mon: စေတဳ setaow (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[cetɔe]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ၸေႇတီႇ tseti (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[tse˨ ti˨]</a>)</li> <li>Sin: චෛත්‍යය chaithya</li> <li>Thai: เจดีย์ chetiya</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">མཆོད་རྟེན༏ mchod rten (chorten)</li> <li>塔 <ul><li>Zh: Ta</li> <li>Vi: Tháp</li> <li>Ko: Tap</li> <li>Jp: 卒塔婆 sotōba</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Chanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanda">chanda</a> intention, interest, desire to act, aspiration </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Pāli: chanda</li> <li>Sanskrit: chanda</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">འདུན་པ།</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="D">D</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: D">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dakini" title="Dakini">dakini</a> A supernatural female with volatile temperament who serves as a muse for spiritual practice. Dakinis are often depicted naked to represent the truth </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Sanskrit: ḍākinī</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">མཁའ་འགྲོ་མ་, <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: mkha' 'gro ma</li> <li>Mn: дагина, dagina</li> <li>空行女, 荼枳尼天 <ul><li>Cn: kong xing mu</li> <li>Jp: Dakini-ten</li> <li>Ko: 다키니 dakini or 공행녀 gonghaengnyeo</li> <li>Vi: không hành nữ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>, lit. "the lama with wisdom like an ocean", secular and spiritual leader of <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> as nominated by the Mongols </td> <td> <ul><li>Mn: далай, dalai, lit. "ocean"</li> <li>Tibetan: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་ taa-la'i bla-ma</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>達賴喇嘛 <ul><li>Cn: Dálài Lǎma</li> <li>Jp: Darai Rama</li> <li>Ko: 달라이 라마 dalai nama</li> <li>Vi: Đạt Lai Lạt Ma or Đạt-lại Lạt-ma</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana (Buddhism)">dana</a> Generosity or giving; in Buddhism, it also refers to the practice of cultivating generosity </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli, Sanskrit: dāna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဒါန dana (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[dàna̰]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ဒါန (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[tɛ̀anɛ̀ʔ]</a>) or ဒါန် ([tàn])</li> <li>Thai: ทาน taan</li> <li>布施 <ul><li>Cn: bùshī</li> <li>Jp: fuse</li> <li>Ko: 보시 bosi</li> <li>Vi: bố thí</li></ul></li> <li>Mn: өглөг</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">deva</a> many different types of non-human beings who share the characteristics of being more powerful, longer-lived, and, in general, living more contentedly than the average human being </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli and Sanskrit: deva</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဒေဝ dewa (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[dèwa̰]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: ទេព or preah (ព្រះ)</li> <li>Mn: тэнгэр tenger</li> <li>Mon: ဒေဝတဴ tewetao ([tèwətao])</li> <li>Shan: တေႇဝႃႇ ([a˨ wɔ˨])</li> <li>天 <ul><li>Zh: tiān</li> <li>Ko: cheon</li> <li>Jp: ten</li> <li>Vi: thiên</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dependent_origination" class="mw-redirect" title="Dependent origination">dependent origination</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Pratityasamutpada" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratityasamutpada">Pratityasamutpada</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: paṭicca-samuppāda</li> <li>Sanskrit: pratītya-samutpāda</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ပဋိစ္စသမုပ္ပါဒ် padeissa thamopad (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[pədeɪʔsa̰ θəmoʊʔpaʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Tib: rten.cing.'brel.bar.'byung.ba</li> <li>Mn: шүтэн барилдлага shuten barildlaga</li> <li>因縁, also 緣起, 縁起 <ul><li>Cn: yīnyuan, also yuánqǐ</li> <li>Jp: innen, also engi</li> <li>Ko: 인연 inyeon, also 연기 yeongi</li> <li>Vi: nhân duyên, duyên khởi</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dharma_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharma (Buddhism)">dhamma/dharma</a> Often refers to the doctrines and teachings of the faith, but it may have broader uses. Also, it is an important technical term meaning something like "<a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">phenomenological</a> constituent." This leads to the potential for confusion, puns, and double entendres, as the latter meaning often has negative connotations </td> <td> <ul><li>from √dhṛ: to hold</li> <li>Pāli: dhamma</li> <li>Sanskrit: dharma</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဓမ္မ dhamma (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[dəma̰]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ဓဝ် ([thò])</li> <li>Thai: ธรรมะ tharrma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཆོས་, <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: chos</li> <li>Mn: дээдийн ном, deediin nom</li> <li>法 <ul><li>Cn: fă</li> <li>Jp: hō</li> <li>Ko: beop</li> <li>Vi: pháp</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">dhamma name/dharma name</a> A Dharma name or Dhamma name is a new name traditionally bestowed by a Buddhist monastic, given to newly ordained monks, nuns, and laity during both lay and monastic Buddhist initiation ritual in Mahayana Buddhism and monastic ordination in Theravada Buddhism (where it may also be called a Sangha name). Dhamma names are usually considered aspirational, not descriptive. </td> <td> <ul><li>from √dhṛ: to hold</li> <li>Pāli: dhamma</li> <li>Sanskrit: dharma</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဘွဲ့ (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[bwɛ̰]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: ฉายา</li> <li>Mn: номын нэр, nomyn ner</li> <li>Zh: <ul><li>Traditional: 法名 or 法號</li> <li>Simplified: 法名 or 法号</li> <li>Pinyin: fǎmíng or fǎhào</li></ul></li> <li>Ja: <ul><li>Kanji: 戒名</li> <li>Rōmaji: kaimyō</li></ul></li> <li>Ko: <ul><li>Hangeul: 법명</li> <li>Hanja: 法名</li> <li>RR: beopmyeong</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>dhammavinaya The <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">vinaya</a> (roughly "doctrine and discipline") considered together. This term essentially means the whole teachings of Buddhism as taught to monks </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Mn: суртгаал номхотгол, surtgaal nomkhotgol</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dharmacakra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharmacakra">dhammacakka/dharmacakra</a> A symbolic representation of the <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a>, also known as the Wheel of Dharma </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: dharmacakra</li> <li>Pāli: dhammacakka</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဓမ္မစကြာ dhamma sekya (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[dəməsɛʔtɕà]</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ, <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: chos kyi ʼkhor lo</li> <li>Mn: номын хүрдэн, momiin khurden</li> <li>法輪 <ul><li>Cn: Fǎlún</li> <li>Jp: hōrin</li> <li>Ko: beomnyun</li> <li>Vi: pháp luân</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhammapada</a> a versified Buddhist scripture traditionally ascribed to the Buddha </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: dhammapada</li> <li>Sanskrit: dharmapada</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဓမ္မပဒ dhammapada (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[dəma̰pəda̰]</a>)</li> <li>法句經 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 法句经; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Fǎjù jīng</li> <li>Jp: hokkukyō (<a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">shin.</a> 法句経)</li> <li>Ko: beopgugyeong</li> <li>Vi: kinh pháp cú</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dharmapala" title="Dharmapala">dhammapala/dharmapala</a> A fearsome deity, known as protector of the Dharma </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: dharmapāla</li> <li>Pāli: dhammapāla</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ཆོས་སྐྱོང་ chos skyong</li> <li>Mn: догшид, dogshid; хангал, khangal</li> <li>護法 <ul><li>Cn: hùfǎ</li> <li>Jp: gohō</li> <li>Ko: hobeop</li> <li>Vi: Hộ Pháp</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Buddhism">Dhyana</a>, see jhana </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: jhāna</li> <li>Sanskrit: dhyāna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဈာန် zan (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[zàɴ]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ဇျာန် ([chàn])</li> <li>Mn: дияан, diyan</li> <li>禪 or 禪那, 禅 or 禅那 <ul><li>Cn: Chán or Chánnà</li> <li>Jp: Zen or Zenna</li> <li>Ko: Seon</li> <li>Vi: Thiền or Thiền-na</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABpankara_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dīpankara Buddha">Dīpankara Buddha</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Dīpamkara</li> <li>Sanskrit: Dīpankara</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဒီပင်္ကရာ dipankara (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[dìpɪ̀ɴkəɹà]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: พระทีปังกรพุทธเจ้า</li> <li>燃燈佛 <ul><li>Cn: Rándēng Fo</li> <li>Jp: Nentōbutsu</li> <li>Vi: Nhiên-đăng Phật</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>doan In Zen, a term for person sounding the bell that marks the beginning and end of <a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 堂行 dōan</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>dokusan A private meeting between a Zen student and the master. It is an important element in Rinzai Zen training, as it provides an opportunity for the student to demonstrate understanding </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 独参 dokusan</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>獨參 <ul><li>Cn: dúcān</li> <li>Ko: dokcham</li> <li>Vi: độc tham</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>dudie official certificate for monks and nuns issued by government </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>度牒 <ul><li>Cn: dùdié</li> <li>Jp: dochō</li> <li>Ko: 도첩, docheop</li> <li>Vi: ??</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dukkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukkha">dukkha</a> Suffering, dissatisfaction, unsatisfactoriness, stress </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: dukkha</li> <li>Sanskrit: duḥkha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဒုက္ခ doukkha (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[doʊʔkʰa̰]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: တုၵ်ႉၶႃႉ ([tuk˥ kʰaː˥])</li> <li>Thai: ทุกข์ took</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">སྡུག་བསྔལ་ sdug bsngal</li> <li>Mn: зовлон, zovlon</li> <li>苦 <ul><li>Cn: kǔ</li> <li>Jp: ku</li> <li>Ko: go</li> <li>Vi: khổ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>dveṣa aversion </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: dveṣa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>瞋</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">dzogchen</a> The natural, intrinsic state of every sentient being </td> <td> <ul><li>Tibetan: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">རྫོགས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ rdzogs pa chen po</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: atiyoga</li> <li>大究竟 <ul><li>Cn: dàjiūjìng</li> <li>Jp: daikukyō</li> <li>Ko: daegugyeong</li> <li>Vi: đại cứu cánh</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="F">F</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: F">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td>Five Five-Hundred-Year Periods Five sub-divisions of the <a href="#T">three periods following the Buddha's passing</a> (三時繫念 Cn: sānshí; Jp: sanji; Vi: tam thời), significant for many Mahayana adherents: <ol><li>Age of enlightenment (解脱堅固 Cn: jiětuō jiāngù; Jp: gedatsu kengo)</li> <li>Age of meditation (禅定堅固 Cn: chándìng jiāngù; Jp: zenjō kengo) These two ages comprise the Former Day of the Law (正法時期 Cn: zhèngfǎ; Jp: shōbō)</li> <li>Age of reading, reciting, and listening (読誦多聞堅固 Cn: sòngduōwén jiāngù; Jp: dokuju tamon kengo)</li> <li>Age of building temples and stupas (多造塔寺堅固 Cn: duōzào tǎsì jiāngù; Jp: tazō tōji kengo) These two ages comprise the Middle Day of the Law (像法時期 Cn: xiàngfǎ; Jp: zōhō)</li> <li>Age of conflict (闘諍堅固 Cn: zhēng jiāngù; Jp: tōjō kengo), an age characterized by unrest, strife, famine, and other natural and human-made disasters. This age corresponds to the beginning of the Latter Day of the Law (末法時期 Cn: mòfǎ; Jp: <a href="#M">mappō</a>) when the (historical) Buddha's teachings would lose all power of salvation and perish (白法隠没 Cn: báifǎméi; Jp: byakuhō onmotsu) and a new Buddha would appear to save the people.</li></ol> <ul><li>The three periods and the five five-hundred year periods are described in the Sutra of the Great Assembly (大集 Cn: dàjí; Jp: Daishutu-kyō, Daijuku-kyō, Daijikkyō, or Daishukkyō).</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:150px"> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>五箇五百歲, 五箇五百歳 <ul><li>Cn: 五箇五百歲 wǔ ge wǔbǎi suì</li> <li>Jp: 五箇の五百歳 go no gohyaku sai</li> <li>Vi: ??</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a> <ol><li>Truth of <a href="/wiki/Dukkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukkha">dukkha</a> (suffering, anxiety, stress) (Sanskrit: duḥkhāryasatya; Bur: ဒုက္ခ dokkha; Thai: ทุกข์; 苦諦 Cn: kǔdì; Jp: kutai; Vi: khổ đế; Mn: зовлон, zovlon)</li> <li>Truth of the origin (<a href="/wiki/Samudaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Samudaya">samudaya</a>) of dukkha (Sanskrit: samudayāryasatya; Bur: သမုဒယ thamodaya; Thai: สมุทัย; 集諦 Cn: jídì; Jp: jittai; Vi: tập khổ đế; Mn: зовлонгийн шалтгаан, zovlongiin shaltgaan)</li> <li>Truth of the cessation (<a href="/wiki/Nirodha" title="Nirodha">nirodha</a>) of dukkha (Sanskrit: duḥkhanirodhāryasatya; Bur: နိရောဓ niyawdha; Thai: นิโรธ; 滅諦 Cn: mièdì; Jp: mettai; Vi: diệt khổ đế; Mn: гэтлэх, getlekh)</li> <li>The path (<a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Paths_to_liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist Paths to liberation">marga</a>) that leads out of dukkha (Sanskrit: duḥkhanirodhagāminī pratipad; Bur: မဂ် meg; Thai: มรรค; 道諦 Cn: dàodì; Jp: dōtai; Vi: đạo đế; Mn: мөр, mör)</li></ol> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: cattāri ariya-saccāni</li> <li>Sanskrit: चत्वारि आर्यसत्यानि catvāry āryasatyāni</li> <li>Bur: သစ္စာလေးပါး thissa lei ba (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θɪʔsà lé bá]</a>)</li> <li>Khmr: អរិយសច្ចៈទាំង៤</li> <li>四諦, 四聖諦, 苦集滅道 <ul><li>Cn: Sìdì</li> <li>Jp: shitai, shishōtai, kujūmetsudō</li> <li>Vi: Tứ diệu đế</li></ul></li> <li>Thai: อริยสัจ 4</li> <li>Mn: Хутагтын дөрвөн үнэн, khutagtiin dörvön unen</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>fukudo In Zen, term for person who strikes the <a href="#H">han</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 副堂 fukudō</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="G">G</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: G">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td>gasshō A position used for greeting, with the palms together and fingers pointing upwards in prayer position; used in various <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> traditions, but also used in numerous cultures throughout Asia. It expresses greeting, request, thankfulness, reverence and prayer. Also considered a mudra or inkei of Japanese Shingon. See also: <a href="/wiki/A%C3%B1jali_Mudr%C4%81" title="Añjali Mudrā">Añjali Mudrā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sampeah" title="Sampeah">Sampeah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thai_greeting" title="Thai greeting">Wai</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin</a> monks use half a gassho using only one arm to greet. In Japan, it is used not only during rituals concerning Buddhism but also as a gesture to appease the opposite party when making apologies or asking for permission or favors. In addition, there are cases where a person greets them during a greeting before and after a meal, which is a custom derived from Buddhism. In Shinto, they clap hands together as hands, but then lower their hands, bow and worship (in Shinto worship, they do not share hands). </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Japanese: <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%8E%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:合掌">合掌</a> gasshō</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Sanskrit: anjali</li> <li>合掌 <ul><li>Cn: hézhǎng (more common to say 合十 héshí)</li> <li>Vi: hiệp chưởng</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Gotama</li> <li>Sanskrit: Gautama</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဂေါတမ (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ɡɔ́dəma̰]</a>)</li> <li>瞿曇悉達多 <ul><li>Jp: Kudon Shiddatta</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Geshe" title="Geshe">geshe</a> A Tibetan Buddhist academic degree in the <a href="/wiki/Gelug" title="Gelug">Gelug</a> tradition, awarded at the conclusion of lengthy studies often lasting nine years or more </td> <td> <ul><li>Tibetan: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">དགེ་ཤེས་</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Mn: гэвш gevsh</li> <li>格西</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>gongan, lit. "public case", A meditative method developed in the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Chán">Chán</a>/<a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism#Seon" title="Korean Buddhism">Seon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> traditions, generally consisting of a problem that defies solution by means of rational thought; see <a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">koan</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Chinese 公案 gōng-àn</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>公案 <ul><li>Jp: kōan</li> <li>Ko: gong'an</li> <li>Tw: kong-àn</li> <li>Vi: công án</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yin" class="mw-redirect" title="Guan Yin">Guan Yin</a> The bodhisattva of compassion in East Asian Buddhism, with full name being Guan Shi Yin. Guan Yin is considered to be the female form of <a href="/wiki/Avalokiteshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Avalokiteshvara">Avalokiteshvara</a> but has been given many more distinctive characteristics. </td> <td> <ul><li>Chinese 觀音 Guān Yīn or 觀世音 Guān Shì Yīn</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>觀音 or 觀世音 <ul><li>Jp: Kannon or Kanzeon</li> <li>Ko: Gwaneum or Gwanse-eum</li> <li>Tw: Koan-im or Koan-sè-im</li> <li>Vi: Quan Âm or Quan Thế Âm</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="H">H</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: H">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td>han In Zen monasteries, wooden board that is struck announcing sunrise, sunset and the end of the day </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Japanese: 板</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a>, lit. "small vehicle", A coinage by the Mahayana for the Buddhist doctrines concerned with the achievement of <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(concept)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirvana (concept)">Nirvana</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Shravakabuddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shravakabuddha">Śrāvakabuddha</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratyekabuddha">Pratyekabuddha</a>, as opposed to a <a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Samyaksambuddha</a>. While sometime thought as derogatory, it means in fact that the Hinayana doctrine is made to save but 1 individual, the one who follows its teachings, just like a 1 place vehicle, while the Mahayana allow the monk to take other people along with him, like a bus or a great plane. </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: hīnayāna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဟီနယာန hinayana (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[hḭna̰jàna̰]</a>)</li> <li>小乘 <ul><li>Cn: Xiǎoshèng</li> <li>Jp: 小乗 Shōjō</li> <li>Tw: sió-sēng</li> <li>Vi: Tiểu thừa</li></ul></li> <li>Mn: Бага хөлгөн, Baga hölgön</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I">I</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: I">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td>Ino, Jp. lit. "bringer of joy to the assembly." Originally from Sanskrit karmadana, lit. bestower of conduct [karma]. In Zen, the supervisor of the meditation hall [sodo]. One of the six senior temple administrators. </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Japanese: 維那</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="J">J</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: J">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr> <td>Jetavana </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>衹樹給孤獨園</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Jhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Jhana">jhana</a> Meditative contemplation; more often associated with śamatha practices than vipaśyana. See also: <a href="/wiki/Shamata" title="Shamata">shamata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dhi_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samādhi (Buddhism)">samadhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samapatti" class="mw-redirect" title="Samapatti">samapatti</a> </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>from √dhyā: to think of, to contemplate, meditate on</li> <li>Pāli: jhāna</li> <li>Sanskrit: dhyāna</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Bur: ဈာန် zan (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[zàɴ]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ဇျာန် ([chàn])</li> <li>Thai: ฌาน chaan</li> <li>Sinhala: ජාන jhāna</li> <li>禪 or 禪那, 禅 or 禅那 <ul><li>Cn: Chán or Chánnà</li> <li>Jp: Zen or Zenna</li> <li>Ko: Seon</li> <li>Tw: Siân</li> <li>Vi: Thiền or Thiền-na</li></ul></li> <li>Mn: дияан, diyan</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Jisha" title="Jisha">jisha</a> In Zen, a senior priest's attendant </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 侍者 jisha</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Initiation_Ritual" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist Initiation Ritual">jukai</a> Zen public ordination ceremony wherein a lay student receives certain Buddhist precepts. </td> <td> <ul><li>Chinese: 受戒, shou jie</li> <li>Korean: 수계, sugye</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="K">K</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: K">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kakusandha_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakusandha Buddha">Kakusandha Buddha</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Kakusandha</li> <li>Sanskrit: Krakkucchanda</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ကကုသန် Kakuthan (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ka̰kṵθàɴ]</a>)</li> <li>拘留孙佛 <ul><li>Zh: Jūliúsūn Fó</li> <li>Vi: Câu-lưu-tôn Phật</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">karma</a>, lit. "action", or more specifically, an action that is driven by intention (<a href="/wiki/Cetan%C4%81" title="Cetanā">cetanā</a>) which leads to future consequences (<a href="/wiki/Vip%C4%81ka" title="Vipāka">vipāka</a>). In Buddhist thought, this is a deed done deliberately through body, speech or mind, which leads to residual effects in the present or future. It is a central belief within the Buddhist tradition and is synonymous with <a href="/wiki/Causality" title="Causality">causality</a> (cause and effect). </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>from √kri: to do</li> <li>Sanskrit: karma</li> <li>Pāli: kamma</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Bur: ကံ kan (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[kàɴ]</a>) or ကြမ္မာ kyamma (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[tɕəmà]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ကံ ([kɔm])</li> <li>Shan: ၵျၢမ်ႇမႃႇ ([kjaːm˨ maː˨]) or ၵၢမ်ႇ ([kaːm˨])</li> <li>Thai: กรรม gum</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">ལས, las</li> <li>Mn: үйлийн үр, uiliin ür</li> <li>業¹, 因果² <ul><li>Cn: ¹yè, comm.: ²yīnguǒ</li> <li>Jp: gō, inga</li> <li>Ko: 업 eob</li> <li>Vi: nghiệp</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Karmasiddhiprakaraṇa </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Karmasiddhiprakaraṇa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>大乘成業論</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kassapa_Buddha" title="Kassapa Buddha">Kassapa Buddha</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Kassapa</li></ul> Sanskrit: Kasyapa </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ကဿပ Kathapa (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[kaʔθəpa̰]</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E8%91%89%E4%BD%9B" class="extiw" title="zh:迦葉佛">迦葉佛</a> <ul><li>Cn: Jiāyè Fó</li> <li>Jp: Kashōbutsu</li> <li>Vi: Ca-diếp Phật</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kensho" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensho">kensho</a> In Zen, enlightenment; has the same meaning as satōri, but is customary used for an initial awakening experience </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 見性 kenshō</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>見性 <ul><li>Cn: jiànxìng</li> <li>Tw: kiàn-sèng</li> <li>Vi: kiến tính, kiến tánh</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Khyenpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Khyenpo">khyenpo</a>, also khenpo, An academic degree similar to a doctorate in theology, philosophy, and psychology </td> <td> <ul><li>Tibetan</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Khanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanti">khanti</a> patience </td> <td> <ul><li>Pali: khanti</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ခန္တီ khanti (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[kʰàɴ dì]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ၶၼ်ႇထီႇ ([kʰan˨ tʰi˨])</li> <li>Thai: ขันติ kanti</li> <li>忍 <ul><li>Cn: rěn, 忍辱 rěnrù, 孱提 chántí</li> <li>Tw: jím</li> <li>Vi: nhẫn (trong lục ba-la-mật)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kinhin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinhin">kinhin</a> Zen walking meditation </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 経行 kinhin or kyōgyō</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>經行 <ul><li>Cn: jīngxíng</li> <li>Vi: kinh hành</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">koan</a> A story, question, problem or statement generally inaccessible to rational understanding, yet may be accessible to Intuition </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 公案 kōan</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>公案 <ul><li>Cn: gōng-àn</li> <li>Ko: gong'an</li> <li>Vi: công án</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>kṣaṇa instant </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: kṣaṇa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>剎那 <ul><li>Cn: 刹那 chànà</li> <li>Jp: 刹那 setsuna</li> <li>Ko: 찰나 challa</li> <li>Tw: 剎那 chhat-ná</li> <li>Vi: sát na</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>kṣaṇasaṃpad opportune birth, born at a time when either a Buddha is living and teaching on earth or when a Buddha's teaching is available </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: kṣaṇasaṃpad</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ksanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksanti">ksanti</a> The practice of exercising patience toward behaviour or situations that might not necessarily deserve it—it is seen as a conscious choice to actively give patience as a gift, rather than being in a state of oppression in which one feels obligated to act in such a way. </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: kṣānti</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>忍, 忍辱 <ul><li>Cn: rěn, 忍辱 rěnrù, 孱提 chántí</li> <li>Jp: 忍辱 ninniku</li> <li>Tw: jím</li> <li>Vi: nhẫn (trong lục ba-la-mật)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kṣitigarbha "Earth Store," one of the eight great Bodhisattvas. </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Kṣitigarbha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>地藏菩薩</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kṣitigarbhasūtra "The Scripture on Kṣitigarbha" </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Kṣitigarbhasūtra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>地藏菩薩本願經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>kleśa afflictions </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: kleśa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>煩惱</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ko%E1%B9%87%C4%81gamana_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Koṇāgamana Buddha">Koṇāgamana Buddha</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli and Sanskrit: Koṇāgamana </li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ကောဏာဂုံ Kawnagon (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[kɔ́nəɡòʊɴ]</a>)</li> <li>拘那含佛 <ul><li>Zh: Jūnàhán Fó</li> <li>Vi: Câu-na-hàm-mâu-ni Phật</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kumbhanda" title="Kumbhanda">Kumbhāṇḍa</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Kumbhāṇḍa</li> <li>Pāli: Kumbhaṇḍa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Thai: กุมภัณฑ์ gum-pan</li> <li>Tib: གྲུལ་བུམ་ (grul bum)</li> <li>鳩槃荼 or 鳩盤拏 <ul><li>Ko: 구반다 gubanda</li> <li>Zh: Jiū pán tú</li> <li>Jp: kubanda</li> <li>Vi: Cưu bàn trà</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>kuśalakarmapatha wholesome courses of action </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: kuśalakarmapatha</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>kuśalamūla roots of virtue, wholesome faculties; </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: kuśalamūla</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>善根</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyosaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyosaku">kyosaku</a> In Zen, a flattened stick used to strike the shoulders during <a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">zazen</a>, to help overcome fatigue or reach <a href="/wiki/Satori" title="Satori">satori</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 警策 kyōsaku, called keisaku in Rinzai</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>香板 <ul><li>Cn: xiangban</li> <li>kr: jukbi(죽비)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L">L</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: L">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr> <td>lakṣaṇa characteristics, marks </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: lakṣaṇa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>相</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lam rim chen mo "Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path" written by Guru <a href="/wiki/Je_Tsongkhapa" title="Je Tsongkhapa">Tsongkhapa</a> in 1402 </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>菩提道次廣論</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lalitavistara </td> <td> <ul><li>Tibetan: Rgya cher rol pa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>方廣大莊嚴經 / 普曜經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">lama</a> A Tibetan teacher or master; equivalent to Sanskrit "<a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a>" </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Tibetan: བླ་མ་ bla ma</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Sanskrit: guru</li> <li>喇嘛 <ul><li>Cn: lǎma</li> <li>Jp: rama</li> <li>Vi: lạt-ma</li></ul></li> <li>Mn: лам, lam</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lineage_(Buddhism)" title="Lineage (Buddhism)">lineage</a> The official record of the historical descent of dharma teachings from one teacher to another; by extension, may refer to a tradition </td> <td> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>傳承</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="M">M</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: M">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mahābodhi Temple - "Temple of the Great Awakening", the great stūpa at Bodhgayā where Shakyamuni Buddha attain enlightenment. </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>大菩提寺</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a> Buddhist philosophical school, founded by <a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a>. Members of this school are called Madhyamikas </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Sanskrit: mādhyamika</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Tib: དབུ་མ་པ་ dbu ma pa</li> <li>Mn: төв үзэл, töv üzel</li> <li>中觀宗, 中観派 <ul><li>Cn: Zhōngguānzōng</li> <li>Jp: Chūganha</li> <li>Vi: Trung quán tông</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahabhuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahabhuta">mahabhuta</a> four great elements in traditional Buddhist thought </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli and Sanskrit: Mahābhūta</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: မဟာဘုတ် Mahabhot (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[məhà boʊʔ]</a>)</li> <li>四大</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra" title="Mahamudra">mahamudra</a> A method of direct introduction the understanding of <a href="/wiki/Sunyata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunyata">sunyata</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Samsara" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsara">samsara</a> and that the two are inseparable </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: mahāmudrā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: မဟာမုဒြာ maha modra (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[məhà moʊʔdɹà]</a>)</li> <li>Tib: ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་ chag-je chen-po</li> <li>Mn: махамудра, mahamudra</li> <li>大手印 <ul><li>Cn: dàshŏuyìn</li> <li>Jp: daishuin</li> <li>Vi: đại thủ ấn</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahaprajnaparamita_Sutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra">Mahāprajñāpāramitāsūtra</a> "Sutra on the Great Perfection of Wisdom" </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Mahāprajñāpāramitāsūtra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>大般若波羅蜜多經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahasiddha" title="Mahasiddha">mahasiddha</a> litt. great spiritual accomplishment. A yogi in <a href="/wiki/Tantric_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantric Buddhism">Tantric Buddhism</a>, often associated with the highest levels of enlightenment </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: mahāsiddha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: မဟာသိဒ္ဒ maha theidda (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[məhà θeɪʔda̰]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: มหายาน</li> <li>大成就 <ul><li>Cn: dàchéngjiù</li> <li>Jp: daijōju</li> <li>Vi: đại thành tựu</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mahāvadānasūtra </td> <td>Sanskrit: Mahāvadānasūtra </td> <td> <ul><li>大本經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a>, lit. "great vehicle", A major branch of Buddhism practiced in China, Tibet, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan. Main goal is to achieve buddhahood or <a href="/wiki/Samyaksambuddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyaksambuddha">samyaksambuddha</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: mahāyāna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: မဟာယာန mahayana (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[məhàjàna̰]</a>)</li> <li>大乘 or 大乗 <ul><li>Cn: Dàshèng</li> <li>Jp: Daijō</li> <li>Vi: Đại thừa</li></ul></li> <li>Mn: Ikh khölgön</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a> The Buddha of the future epoch </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Metteyya</li> <li>Sanskrit: Maitreya</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: အရိမေတ္တေယျ arimetteya (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[əɹḭmèdja̰]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ဢရီႉမိတ်ႈတေႇယႃႉ ([ʔa˩ ri˥ mit˧ ta˨ jɔ˥])</li> <li>Tib: བྱམས་པ, byams pa</li> <li>Mn: Майдар, maidar</li> <li>彌勒 or 彌勒佛, 弥勒 or 弥勒仏 <ul><li>Cn: Mílè or Mílè Fó</li> <li>Jp: Miroku or Miroku-butsu</li> <li>Vi: Di-lặc or Phật Di-lặc</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Makyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Makyo">makyo</a> In Zen, unpleasant or distracting thoughts or illusions that occur during <a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">zazen</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 魔境 makyō</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Vi: ma chướng</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81na" title="Māna">Māna</a> conceit, arrogance, misconception </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli and Sanskrit: Māna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: မာန mana (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[màna̰]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: မာန် man ([màn])</li> <li>Shan: မႃႇၼႃႉ ([maː˨ naː˥])</li> <li>慢 <ul><li>Jp: man</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manas-vijnana" title="Manas-vijnana">manas-vijñāna</a> seventh of the <a href="/wiki/Eight_Consciousnesses" title="Eight Consciousnesses">eight counsciousnesses</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: manas-vijñāna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>末那識 <ul><li>Cn: Mònàshí</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">mandala</a> a spiritual and ritual symbol representing the Universe </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: मण्डल Maṇḍala (lit. "circle")</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>曼荼羅 <ul><li>Cn: màntúluó</li> <li>Jp: mandara</li> <li>Vi: mạn-đà-la</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>maṅgala auspiciousness </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: maṅgala</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>吉祥</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a> Chant used primarily to aid concentration, to reach enlightenment. The best-known Buddhist mantra is possibly <a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: mantra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Thai: มนตร์ moan</li> <li>Mn: маань, тарни; maani, tarni</li> <li>咒, 真言 <ul><li>Cn: zou</li> <li>Jp: shingon, ju</li> <li>Vi: chân âm, thần chú</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mappo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappo">Mappo</a> The "degenerate" Latter Day of the Law. A time period supposed to begin 2,000 years after Sakyamuni Buddha's passing and last for "10,000 years"; follows the two 1,000-year periods of Former Day of the Law (正法 Cn: zhèngfǎ; Jp: shōbō) and of Middle Day of the Law (像法 Cn: xiàngfǎ; Jp: zōhō). During this degenerate age, chaos will prevail and the people will be unable to attain enlightenment through the word of Sakyamuni Buddha. See the <a href="#T">Three periods</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 末法 mappō</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>末法 <ul><li>Cn: mòfǎ</li> <li>Vi: mạt pháp</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">merit</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: puñña</li> <li>Sanskrit: puṇya</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ကုသိုလ် kutho (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[kṵðò]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ကုသဵု (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[kaoʔsɒ]</a>) or ပိုန် ([pɒn])</li> <li>Shan: ပုင်ႇၺႃႇ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[puŋ˨ ɲaː˨]</a>) or ၵူႉသူဝ်ႇ ([ku˥ sʰo˨]) or ၵူႉသလႃႉ ([ku˥ sʰa˩ laː˥])</li> <li>功徳 <ul><li>Jp: kudoku</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mett%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Mettā">mettā</a> loving kindness </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: </li> <li>Sanskrit: </li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: မေတ္တာ myitta (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[mjɪʔtà]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: မေတ္တာ ([mètta])</li> <li>Shan: မိတ်ႈတႃႇ ([mit˧ taː˨]) or မႅတ်ႈတႃႇ ([mɛt˧ taː˨])</li> <li>Thai: เมตตา metta</li> <li>慈 <ul><li>Ch: Cí</li> <li>Jp: ji</li> <li>Vi: từ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a> The practice of avoidance of extreme views and lifestyle choices </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: majjhimāpaṭipadā</li> <li>Sanskrit: madhyamāpratipad</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: မဇ္ဇိမပဋိပဒါ myizima badi bada (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[mjɪʔzḭma̰ bədḭ bədà]</a>)</li> <li>中道 <ul><li>Ch: zhōngdào</li> <li>Jp: chūdō</li> <li>Vi: trung đạo</li></ul></li> <li>Mn: дундаж зам мөр, dundaj zam mör</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>(right) <a href="/wiki/Mindfulness_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindfulness (Buddhism)">mindfulness</a> The practice whereby a person is intentionally aware of his or her thoughts and actions in the present moment, non-judgmentally. The 7th step of the <a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: (sammā)-sati</li> <li>Sanskrit: (samyag)-smṛti</li> <li>Bur: သတိ thadi (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ðadḭ]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: สัมมาสติ samma-sati</li> <li>正念 <ul><li>Cn: zhèngniàn</li> <li>Jp: shōnen</li> <li>Vi: chính niệm, chánh niệm</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a> Liberation </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: mokṣa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: vimutti</li> <li>Bur: ဝိမုတ္တိ wimouti (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[wḭmoʊʔtḭ]</a>)</li> <li>解脱 <ul><li>Cn: jiětuō</li> <li>Jp: gedatsu</li> <li>Vi: giải thoát</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mokugyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokugyo">mokugyo</a> A wooden drum carved from one piece, usually in the form of a fish </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 木魚 mokugyo</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>木魚 <ul><li>Cn: mùyú</li> <li>Vi: mõ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mondo_(scripture)" title="Mondo (scripture)">mondo</a> In Zen, a short dialogue between teacher and student </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 問答　mondō</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>問答 <ul><li>Cn: wèndǎ</li> <li>Vi: </li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">mudra</a> lit. "seal", A gesture made with hands and fingers in meditation </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: mudrā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: မုဒြာ modra (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[moʊʔdɹà]</a>)</li> <li>Tib: ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ phyag rgya</li> <li>Mn: чагжаа, chagjaa</li> <li>手印 <ul><li>Cn: sohyìn (commonly only yìn)</li> <li>Jp: shuin</li> <li>Vi: ấn</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="N">N</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: N">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td>namo An exclamation showing <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">reverence; devotion</a>. Often placed in front of the name of an object of veneration, e.g., a Buddha's name or a sutra (<a href="/wiki/Namu_My%C5%8Dh%C5%8D_Renge_Ky%C5%8D" title="Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō">Nam(u) Myōhō Renge Kyō</a>), to express devotion to it. Defined in Sino-Japanese as 帰命 kimyō: to base one's life upon, to devote (or submit) one's life to Derivatives: <ul><li>Namo Amitabha</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Pāli: namo</li> <li>Sanskrit: namaḥ or namas</li></ul> Derivatives: <ul><li>Sanskrit: namo-'mitābhāya</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Bur: နမော namaw (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[nəmɔ́]</a>)</li> <li>Tib: ཕྱག་འཚལ་(ལོ), chag tsal (lo)</li> <li>Mn: мөргөмү, mörgömü</li> <li>南無 <ul><li>Cn: nánmó</li> <li>Jp: namu or nam</li> <li>Ko: namu</li> <li>Vi: nam-mô</li></ul></li></ul> Derivatives: <ul><li>南無阿弥陀佛 <ul><li>Cn: Nánmó Ēmítuó fó</li> <li>Jp: Namu Amida butsu</li> <li>Ko: Namu Amita Bul</li> <li>Vi: Nam-mô A-di-đà Phật</li></ul></li> <li>南無觀世音菩薩 <ul><li>Cn: Nánmó Guán Syr Yín Pū Sá</li> <li>Jp: Namu Kanzeon Bosatsu</li> <li>Ko: Namu Gwan Se Eum Bo Sal</li> <li>Vi: Nam-mô Quan Thế Âm Bồ Tát</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Buddhism)" title="Naraka (Buddhism)">Naraka</a> realm of hell </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: niraya</li> <li>Sanskrit: nāraka</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>地獄 <ul><li>Cn: Dìyù</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Nekkhamma" title="Nekkhamma">nekkhamma</a> renunciation </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: </li> <li>Sanskrit: </li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: နိက္ခမ neikhama (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[neɪʔkʰəma̰]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: เนกขัมมะ nekkamma</li> <li>Mn: магад гарахуй, magad garahui</li> <li>出世 <ul><li>Cn: Chūshì</li> <li>Jp: shusse </li> <li>Vi: xuất thế</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(Buddhism)" title="Nirvana (Buddhism)">Nirvana/Nibbana</a> Extinction or extinguishing; ultimate enlightenment in the Buddhist tradition </td> <td> <ul><li>from niḥ-√vā: to extinguish</li> <li>Pāli: nibbāna</li> <li>Sanskrit: nirvana</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: နိဗ္ဗာန် neibban (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[neɪʔbàɴ]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: นิพพาน nípphaan</li> <li>Tib: མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ, mya-ngan-las-'das-pa</li> <li>Mn: нирван, nirvan</li> <li>涅槃 <ul><li>Cn: Nièpán</li> <li>Jp: Nehan</li> <li>Ko: Yeolban</li> <li>Vi: Niết-bàn</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikaya">Nikaya</a>, lit. "volume", The Buddhist texts in Pāli </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: nikāya</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Āgama</li> <li>Bur: နိကာယ nikaya (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[nḭkəja̰]</a>)</li> <li>部經 <ul><li>Cn: Bùjīng</li> <li>Jp: bukyō</li> <li>Vi: Bộ kinh</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a> <ol><li>Right View (Pāli: sammā-diṭṭhi; Sanskrit: samyag-dṛṣṭi; 正見 Cn: zhèngjiàn; Vi: chính kiến)</li> <li>Right Thought (Pāli: sammā-saṅkappa; Sanskrit: samyak-saṃkalpa; 正思唯 Cn: zhèngsīwéi; Vi: chính tư duy) These 2 constitute the path of Wisdom (Pāli: paññā; Sanskrit: prajñā)</li> <li>Right Speech (Pāli: sammā-vācā; Sanskrit: samyag-vāk; 正語 Cn: zhèngyǔ; Vi: chính ngữ)</li> <li>Right Action (Pāli: sammā-kammanta; Sanskrit: samyak-karmānta; 正業 Cn: zhèngyè; Vi: chính nghiệp)</li> <li>Right Living (Pāli: sammā-ājīva; Sanskrit: samyag-ājīva; 正命 Cn: zhèngmìng; Vi: chính mệnh) These 3 constitute the path of Virtue (Pāli: sīla; Sanskrit: śīla)</li> <li>Right Effort (Pāli: sammā-vāyāma; Sanskrit: samyag-vyāyāma; 正精進 Cn: zhèngjīngjìn; Vi: chính tinh tiến)</li> <li>Right Mindfulness (Pāli: sammā-sati; Sanskrit: samyag-smṛti; 正念 Cn: zhèngniàn; Vi: chính niệm)</li> <li>Right Concentration (Pāli: sammā-samādhi; Sanskrit: samyak-samādhi; 正定 Cn: zhèngdìng; Vi: chính định) The last 3 constitute the path of Concentration (Pāli, Sanskrit: samādhi)</li></ol> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: aṭṭhāṅgika-magga</li> <li>Sanskrit: aṣṭāṅgika-mārga</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: မဂ္ဂင် meggin (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[mɛʔɡɪ̀ɴ]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: อริยมรรค ariya-mak</li> <li>八正道 <ul><li>Cn: Bāzhèngdào</li> <li>Jp: Hasshōdō</li> <li>Ko: Paljeongdo</li> <li>Vi: Bát chính đạo</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="O">O</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: O">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Oryoki" class="mw-redirect" title="Oryoki">oryoki</a> A set of bowls used in a Zen eating ceremony </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Japanese: 応量器 ōryōki</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>osho A term used to address a monk of the Zen Buddhist tradition. Originally reserved for high-ranking monks, it has since been appropriated for everyday use when addressing any male member of the Zen clergy </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 和尚 oshō</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="P">P</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: P">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Pabbajja" class="mw-redirect" title="Pabbajja">pabbajja</a>, (a layperson) leaving home to join a community of monks and nuns (lit. "to go forth") </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Sanskrit: pravrajya</li> <li>Pali: Pabbajja</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>出家 <ul><li>Cn: chūjiā</li> <li>Jp: shukke</li> <li>Vi: xuất gia</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">panca skandha</a> The five constituent elements into which an individual is analyzed. They are: <ol><li>"form": Pāli, Sanskrit: rūpa; Bu: ရူပ yupa; 色 Cn: sè; Jp: shiki</li> <li>"sensation": Pāli, Sanskrit: vedanā; Bu: ဝေဒန wedana; 受 Cn: shòu; Jp: ju</li> <li>"cognition": Pāli: saññā; Sanskrit: saṃjñā; Bu: သညာ thinnya; 想 Cn: xiàng; Jp: sō</li> <li>"mental formations": Pāli: saṅkhāra; Sanskrit: saṃskāra; Bu: သင်္ခါရ thinkhaya; 行 Cn: xíng; Jp: gyō</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Higher_consciousness" title="Higher consciousness">consciousness</a>": Pāli: viññāṇa; Sanskrit: vijñāna; Bu: ဝိညာဉ် winyin; 識 Cn: shí; Jp: shiki</li></ol> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: pañca skandha</li> <li>Pāli: pañca khandha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ခန္ဒာငါးပါး khanda nga ba (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[kʰàɴdà ŋá bá]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ႁႃႈ ၶၼ်ႇထႃႇ ([haː˧ kʰan˨ tʰaː˨])</li> <li>五蘊, 五陰, 五薀 <ul><li>Cn: wǔyùn</li> <li>Jp: go-on, sometimes go-un</li> <li>Vi: ngũ uẩn</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a> The second highest ranking lama in the <a href="/wiki/Gelugpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelugpa">Gelugpa</a> sect of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>. after the Dalai Lama </td> <td> <ul><li>Tibetan: པན་ཆེན་བླ་མ་ pan-chen bla-ma</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: paṇḍitaguru</li> <li>Mn: Банчин Богд, Banchin Bogd</li> <li>班禪喇嘛 <ul><li>Cn: Bānchán Lǎma</li> <li>Jp: ??</li> <li>Vi: Ban-thiền Lạt-ma</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%B1%C3%B1%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Paññā">paññā</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom in Buddhism">prajna</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: </li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ပညာ pyinnya (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[pjɪ̀ɴɲà]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ပညာ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[pɔnɲa]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ပိင်ႇၺႃႇ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[piŋ˨ ɲaː˨]</a>)</li> <li>Tibetan: ཤེས་རབ་ shes rab</li> <li>Mn: билиг, bilig</li> <li>智慧 or 知恵 or 般若 <ul><li>Cn: Zhìhuì, zhīhuì, bōrě</li> <li>Jp: chie,hannya</li> <li>Vi: bát-nhã</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramartha" title="Paramartha">paramartha</a> Absolute, as opposed to merely conventional, truth or reality; see also <a href="#S">samvrti</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: paramārtha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ပရမတ် paramat (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[pəɹəmaʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: ปรมัตถ์ paramutt</li> <li>真諦 <ul><li>Jp: shintai</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramita" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramita">paramita</a>, lit. "reaching the other shore," usually rendered in English as "perfection." The Mahayana practices for obtaining enlightenment; giving, ethics, patience, effort, concentration and wisdom </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: pāramī</li> <li>Sanskrit: pāramitā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ပါရမီ parami (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[pàɹəmì]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ပါရမဳ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[parəmɔe]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: บารมี baramee</li> <li>Mn: барамид, baramid</li> <li>波羅蜜 or 波羅蜜多 <ul><li>Cn: bōluómì or bōluómìduō</li> <li>Jp: haramitsu or haramita</li> <li>Vi: ba-la-mật or ba-la-mật-đa</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Parinibbana" class="mw-redirect" title="Parinibbana">parinibbana/parinirvana</a> The final nibbana/nirvana </td> <td> <ul><li>from nibbana/nirvana above</li> <li>Pāli: parinibbāna</li> <li>Sanskrit: parinirvāṇa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ပရိနိဗ္ဗာန် pareineibban (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[pəɹeɪʔneɪʔbàɴ]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: ปรินิพพาน pari-nippaan</li> <li>般涅槃 <ul><li>Cn: bōnièpán</li> <li>Jp: hatsunehan</li> <li>Vi: bát-niết-bàn</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Perfection_of_Wisdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfection of Wisdom">Perfection of Wisdom</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>from <a href="/wiki/Paramita" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramita">pāramitā</a> ("perfection") above and <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom in Buddhism">prajñā/paññā</a> ("wisdom") below</li> <li>Sanskrit: prajñāpāramitā</li> <li>Pāli: paññāparami</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ပညာပါရမီ pyinnya parami (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[pjɪ̀ɴɲà pàɹəmì]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: ပညာပါရမဳ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[pɔnɲa parəmɔe]</a>)</li> <li>Mn: билиг барамид, bilig baramid</li> <li>般若波羅蜜 or 般若波羅蜜多 <ul><li>Cn: bōrě-bōluómì or bōrě-bōluómìduō</li> <li>Jp: hannya-haramitsu or hannya-haramita</li> <li>Vi: bát-nhã-ba-la-mật or bát-nhã-ba-la-mật-đa</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Platform_Sutra" title="Platform Sutra">Platform Sūtra of the Sixth Patriarch</a> Sermon of the sixth patriarch of Zen Buddhism </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>六祖壇經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Pointing-out instruction The direct introduction to the nature of mind in the lineages of Essence <a href="/wiki/Mahamudra" title="Mahamudra">Mahamudra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">Dzogchen</a>. A root guru is the master who gives the 'pointing-out instruction' so that the disciple recognizes the nature of mind </td> <td> <ul><li>Tibetan: ངོ་སྤྲོད་ ngo-sprod</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom in Buddhism">prajna/paññā</a> "wisdom", "insight" </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: paññā</li> <li>Sanskrit: prajñā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ပညာ pyinnya (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[pjɪ̀ɴɲà]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: ปัญญา pun-ya</li> <li>Tibetan: ཤེས་རབ་ shes rab</li> <li>Mn: хөтлөх, khötlökh</li> <li>般若 <ul><li>Cn: bōrě or bānruò</li> <li>Jp: hannya</li> <li>Vi: bát-nhã</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>pratisaraṇa "reliance" </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: pratisaraṇa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>依</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Pratitya-samutpada" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratitya-samutpada">pratitya-samutpada</a> "Dependent origination," the view that no phenomenon exists (or comes about) without depending on other phenomena or conditions contingent with it. In English also called "conditioned genesis," "dependent co-arising," "interdependent arising," etc. A famous application of dependent origination is the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Nidanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Nidanas">Twelve Nidana</a>, or 12 inter-dependences (Sanskrit: dvādaśāṅgapratītyasamutpāda; 十二因緣, 十二因縁 Cn: shíàr yīnyuán; Jp: jūni innen; Vi: thập nhị nhân duyên), which are: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Avijja" class="mw-redirect" title="Avijja">Ignorance</a> (Pāli: avijjā; Sanskrit: avidyā; 無明 Cn: wúmíng; Jp: mumyō; Vi: vô minh; Mn: мунхрахуй, munhrahui)</li> <li>Ignorance creates <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_Formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mental Formation (page does not exist)">Mental Formation</a> (Pāli: saṅkhāra; Sanskrit: saṃskāra; 行 Cn: xíng; Jp: gyō; Vi: hành; Mn: хуран үйлдэхүй, khuran uildehui)</li> <li>Mental Formation creates Consciousness (Pāli: viññāṇa; Sanskrit: vijñāna; 識 Cn: shí; Jp: shiki; Vi: thức; Mn: тийн мэдэхүй, tiin medehui)</li> <li>Consciousness creates <a href="/w/index.php?title=Name_%26_Form&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Name & Form (page does not exist)">Name & Form</a> (Pāli, Sanskrit: nāmarūpa; 名色 Cn: míngsè; Jp: myōshiki; Vi: danh sắc; Mn: нэр өнгө, ner öngö)</li> <li>Name & Form create <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sense_Gates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sense Gates (page does not exist)">Sense Gates</a> (Pāli: saḷāyatana; Sanskrit: ṣaḍāyatana; 六入 or 六処 Cn: liùrù; Jp: rokunyū or rokusho; Vi: lục nhập; Mn: төрөн түгэхүй, törön tugehui)</li> <li>Sense Gates create <a href="/wiki/Spar%C5%9Ba" title="Sparśa">Contact</a> (Pāli: phassa; Sanskrit: sparśa; 觸, 触 Cn: chù; Jp: soku; Vi: xúc; Mn: хүрэлцэхүй, khureltsehui)</li> <li>Contact creates <a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">Feeling</a> (Pāli, Sanskrit: vedanā; 受 Cn: shòu; Jp: ju; Vi: thụ; Mn: сэрэхүй, serehui)</li> <li>Feeling creates <a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">Craving</a> (Pāli: taṇhā; Sanskrit: tṛṣṇā; 愛 Cn: ài; Jp: ai; Vi: ái; Mn: хурьцахуй, khuritsahui)</li> <li>Craving creates <a href="/wiki/Clinging" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinging">Clinging</a> (Pāli, Sanskrit: upādāna; 取 Cn: qǔ; Jp: shu; Vi: thủ; Mn: авахуй, avahui)</li> <li>Clinging creates <a href="/wiki/Bhava#In_Buddhism" title="Bhava">Becoming</a> (Pāli, Sanskrit: bhava; 有 Cn: yǒu; Jp: u; Vi: hữu; Mn: сансар, sansar)</li> <li>Becoming creates <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">Birth</a> (Pāli, Sanskrit: jāti; 生 Cn: shēng; Jp: shō; Vi: sinh; Mn: төрөхүй, töröhui )</li> <li>Birth leads to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aging_%26_Death&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aging & Death (page does not exist)">Aging & Death</a> (Pāli, Sanskrit: jarāmaraṇa; 老死 Cn: láosǐ; Jp: rōshi; Vi: lão tử; Mn: өтлөх үхэхүй, ötlöh uhehui)</li></ol> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: paṭicca-samuppāda</li> <li>Sanskrit: pratitya-samutpāda</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ပဋိစ္စသမုပ္ပါဒ် padeissa thamopad (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[pədeɪʔsa̰ θəmoʊʔpaʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Tib: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535">རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་བར་འབྱུང་བ་ rten cing `brel bar `byung ba</li> <li>Mn: шүтэн барилдлага, shuten barildlaga</li> <li>緣起 (thought to be an abbreviation for 因緣生起), 縁起 <ul><li>Cn: yuánqǐ</li> <li>Jp: engi</li> <li>Tw: iân-khí</li> <li>Vi: duyên khởi</li></ul></li> <li>Also called 因緣, 因縁 <ul><li>Cn: yīnyuán</li> <li>Jp: innen</li> <li>Vi: nhân duyên</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratyekabuddha">Pratyekabuddha/Paccekabuddha</a>, lit. "a buddha by his own", A buddha who reaches enlightenment on his own </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: paccekabuddha</li> <li>Sanskrit: pratyekabuddha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ပစ္စေကဗုဒ္ဓါ pyiseka boddha (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[pjɪʔsèka̰ boʊʔdà]</a>)</li> <li>辟支佛 <ul><li>Cn: Bìzhī Fó</li> <li>Jp: Hyakushibutsu</li> <li>Tw: phek-chi-hu̍t</li> <li>Vi: Bích-chi Phật</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land Buddhism</a> A large branch of <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a>, dominantly in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. The goal of Pure Land Buddhism is to be reborn in the Western <a href="/wiki/Sukhavati" title="Sukhavati">sukhavati</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amitabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitabha">Amitabha</a>, either as a real place or within the mind, through the other-power of repeating the Buddha's name, nianfo or nembutsu. </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>净土宗(Ch), 浄土教(Jp) <ul><li>Cn: Jìngtǔ-zōng</li> <li>Jp: Jōdo-kyo</li> <li>Ko: Jeongtojong</li> <li>Tw: Chēng-thó͘-chong</li> <li>Vi: Tịnh độ tông</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3a" class="mw-redirect" title="Puruṣa">Puruṣa</a> Man (ep. representative of the male gender); human being </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: purisa</li> <li>Sanskrit: puruṣa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Tib: skyes pa</li> <li>人 <ul><li>Ch: rén</li> <li>Jp: hito</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="R">R</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: R">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">rebirth</a> The process of continuity of life after death </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: punabbhava</li> <li>Sanskrit: punarbhava</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>輪廻 <ul><li>Cn: lunhui</li> <li>Jp: rinne</li> <li>Vi: luân hồi</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ratnasambhava" title="Ratnasambhava">Ratnasambhava</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Ratnasambhava</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Tib: རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས Rinchen Jung ne</li> <li>Mn: ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠣ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ; Эрдэнэ гарахын орон, Төгс Эрдэнэ; Erdeni garkhu yin oron, Tegüs Erdeni</li> <li>寶生佛, 宝生如来 <ul><li>Jp: Hōshō Nyorai</li> <li>Vi: Bảo-sanh Như Lai</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Refuge_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Refuge (Buddhism)">refuge</a> Usually in the form of "take refuge in the <a href="/wiki/Three_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Jewels">Three Jewels</a>" </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: saraṇa</li> <li>Sanskrit: śaraṇa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သရဏဂုံ tharanagon (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θəɹənəɡòʊɴ]</a>)</li> <li>Mn: аврал, avral</li> <li>Tib: skyabs</li> <li>Thai: สรณะ sorana</li> <li>歸依 <ul><li>Cn: guīyī</li> <li>Jp: kie</li> <li>Tw: kui-i</li> <li>Vi: quy y</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigpa" title="Rigpa">Rigpa</a>, the knowledge that ensues from recognizing one's nature </td> <td> <ul><li>Tibetan: རིག་པ (rig pa)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: विद्या (vidyā)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rinpoche" title="Rinpoche">Rinpoche</a>, lit. "precious one", An honorific title for a respected Tibetan lama, such as a <a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">tulku</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Tibetan: རིན་པོ་ཆེ་, rin-po-che</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Mn: римбүчий, rimbuchii</li> <li>仁波切 <ul><li>Cn: rénbōqiè</li> <li>Jp: リンポチェ rinpoche</li> <li>Vi: ??</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rinzai" class="mw-redirect" title="Rinzai">Rinzai</a> Zen sect emphasizing koan study; named for master <a href="/wiki/Linji_Yixuan" title="Linji Yixuan">Linji Yixuan</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 臨済宗 Rinzai-shū</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>臨濟宗 <ul><li>Cn: Línjì-zōng</li> <li>Vi: Lâm Tế tông</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rohatsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohatsu">Rohatsu</a> A day traditionally honored as the day of the Buddha's enlightenment. While deep in meditation under a bodhi tree, he attained enlightenment upon seeing the morning star just at dawn; celebrated on the 8th day either of December or of the 12th month of the lunar calendar </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 臘八 Rōhatsu or Rohachi</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dshi" title="Rōshi">roshi</a>, lit. "Master", An honorific given to Zen teachers in the Rinzai and Obaku sects. </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese 老師 Rōshi</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>禅師 <ul><li>Cn: chan shī (lit., old master)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="S">S</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: S">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacca" title="Sacca">sacca</a> truthfulness </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Satya</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Burmese: သစ္စာ thissa (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θɪʔ sà]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: សច្ចា <ul><li>UNGEGN: sâchcha</li> <li>ALA-LC: saccā</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[saccaː]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mon: သစ္စ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[sɔtcɛʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: သဵတ်ႈၸႃႇ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[sʰet˧ tsaː˨]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: สัจจะ sadja</li> <li>真 <ul><li>Cn: zhēn</li> <li>Jp: shin </li> <li>Vi:</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra Lotus Sutra </td> <td>Sanskrit: Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra </td> <td> <ul><li>妙法蓮華經 / 法華經 <ul><li>Cn: miàofǎ liánhuá jīng or fǎhuá jīng</li> <li>Jp: 妙法蓮華経 myōhō renge kyō or 法華経 hokekyō</li> <li>Tw: Biāu-hoat Liân-hôa Keng or Hoat-hôa-keng</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ṣaḍgati "six destinies" </td> <td>Sanskrit: ṣaḍgati </td> <td> <ul><li>六趣</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">samanera</a>/<a href="/wiki/Shramanera" class="mw-redirect" title="Shramanera">shramanera</a> A male novice monk, who, after a year or until the ripe age of 20, will be considered for the higher Bhikkhu ordination </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Sanskrit: śrāmaṇera</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Burmese: (ရှင်)သာမဏေ (shin) thamane (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[(ʃɪ̀ɴ) θàmənè]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: សាមណេរ <ul><li>UNGEGN: Samônér</li> <li>ALA-LC: Sāmaṇer</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[saːmaneː]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mon: သာမ္မဏဳ ([samənɔe])</li> <li>Shan: သႃႇမၼေႇ ([sʰaː˨ mne˨])</li> <li>Thai: สามเณร sama-naen</li> <li>沙彌 <ul><li>Cn: shāmí</li> <li>Jp: shami</li> <li>Tw: sa-bi</li> <li>Vi: sa-di, chú tiểu</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Samatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samatha">samatha</a> Mental stabilization; tranquility meditation. Distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Vipassan%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipassanā">vipassanā</a> meditation </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: samatha</li> <li>Sanskrit: śamatha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သမထ thamahta (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θəmətʰa̰]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: สมถะ samatha</li> <li>止 <ul><li>Cn: zhǐ or 舍摩他 shěmótā</li> <li>Jp: サマタ samata or シャマタ shamata</li> <li>Vi: ??</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsara_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsara (Buddhism)">samsara</a> The cycle of birth and rebirth; the world as commonly experienced </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli, Sanskrit: saṃsāra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သံသရာ thanthaya (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θàɴðəjà]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: สังสารวัฏ sung-sara-wat</li> <li>Tib: འཁོར་བ khor ba</li> <li>Bur: သံသရာ</li> <li>Mn: орчлон, orchlon</li> <li>輪迴, 輪廻 <ul><li>Cn: lúnhúi</li> <li>Jp: rinne</li> <li>Tw: lûn-hôe</li> <li>Vi: luân hồi</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Samu_(Zen)" title="Samu (Zen)">samu</a> Work, conceived as a part of Zen training.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031215200529/http://www.mbzc.org/glossary/#samu">[2]</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 作務 samu</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>作務 <ul><li>Cn: zuòwù</li> <li>Vi: ??</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Samvrti" class="mw-redirect" title="Samvrti">samvrti</a> Conventional, as opposed to absolute, truth or reality; see also <a href="#P">paramartha</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: saṃvriti</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သမ္မုတိ thamudi (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θəmṵdḭ]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: สมมุติ sommoot</li> <li>俗諦 <ul><li>Jp: zokutai</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sangha_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangha (Buddhism)">sangha</a> The community of Buddhist monks and nuns. Teachers and practitioners. </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: saṅgha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သံဃာ thangha (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θàɴɡà]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: သဳလ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[sɛŋ]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: សង្ឃ <ul><li>UNGEGN: sângkh</li> <li>ALA-LC: sanggh</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[sɑŋ]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Shan: သၢင်ႇၶႃႇ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[sʰaːŋ˨ kʰaː˨]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: สงฆ์ song</li> <li>Tib: ཚོགས་ཀ་མཆོག tsog gyu chog</li> <li>Mn: хуврагийн чуулган, khuvragiin chuulgan</li> <li>僧團 <ul><li>Cn: sēng tuan</li> <li>Jp: sō, sōryō</li> <li>Vi: tăng già</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanlun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanlun">Sanlun</a> Buddhist philosophical school based on the <a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a> school </td> <td> <ul><li>Chinese: 三論 sānlùn</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>三論宗 <ul><li>Cn: Sānlùnzōng</li> <li>Jp: Sanron-shū</li> <li>Vi: Tam luận tông</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanzen" title="Sanzen">sanzen</a> A formal interview with a teacher in many traditions of Zen. Similar to <a href="#D">dokusan</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Satori" title="Satori">satori</a> Awakening; understanding. A Japanese term for enlightenment </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 悟り satori</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>悟 <ul><li>Cn: wú</li> <li>Vi: ngộ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sayadaw" title="Sayadaw">sayadaw</a> Burmese meditation master </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဆရာတော် sayadaw (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[sʰəjàdɔ̀]</a>)</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Seichu" class="mw-redirect" title="Seichu">seichu</a> In the Zen Buddhist calendar, a period of intensive, formal monastic training. It is typically characterized by week-long <a href="/wiki/Sesshin" title="Sesshin">Daisesshins</a> and periodic <a href="#S">sanzen</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 制中 seichu</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sesshin" title="Sesshin">sesshin</a> A Zen retreat where practitioners meditate, eat and work together for several days </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 接心, 摂心</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>佛七 <ul><li>Cn: fóqī</li></ul></li> <li>坐臘/坐腊 <ul><li>Cn: zuòlà</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">shikantaza</a> Soto Zen. "Only concentrated on sitting" is the main practice of the Soto school of Japanese Zen Buddhism </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 只管打座</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>默照 <ul><li>Cn: mòzhào</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Shunyata" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunyata">shunyata</a> Emptiness; see also <a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: suññatā</li> <li>Sanskrit: śūnyatā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သုည (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θòʊɴɲa̰]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: သုင်ႇၺႃႉ ([sʰuŋ˨ ɲaː˥])</li> <li>Tib: stong pa nyid</li> <li>Mn: хоосон чанар, khooson chanar</li> <li>空 <ul><li>Cn: kōng</li> <li>Jp: kū</li> <li>Tw: khong</li> <li>Vi: tính Không</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikh%C4%AB_Buddha" title="Sikhī Buddha">Sikhī Buddha</a> Buddha of Knowledge </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Sikhī Buddha</li> <li>Sanskrit: Śikhīn Buddha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Jp: Shiki Butsu</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%ABla" class="mw-redirect" title="Śīla">sila</a> "morals", "morality", "ethics": precepts </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: sīla</li> <li>Sanskrit: śīla</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သီလ thila (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θìla̰]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: សីល <ul><li>UNGEGN: seil</li> <li>ALA-LC: sīl</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[səl]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mon: သဳ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[sɔelaʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: သီႇလႃႉ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[sʰi˨ laː˥]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: ศีล seen</li> <li>尸羅, 戒 <ul><li>Cn: jiè</li> <li>Jp: kai</li> <li>Tw: kài</li> <li>Vi: giới</li></ul></li> <li>Mn: шагшаабад, shagshaabad</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō</a> Sect of Zen emphasizing <a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">shikantaza</a> as the primary mode of practice; see also <a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen">Dōgen</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 曹洞宗 Sōtō-shū</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>曹洞宗 <ul><li>Cn: Cáodòng-zōng</li> <li>Vi: Tào Động tông</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Store_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Store consciousness">store consciousness</a> The base consciousness (<a href="/wiki/Alayavijnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Alayavijnana">alayavijnana</a>) taught in <a href="/wiki/Yogacara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogacara">Yogacara</a> Buddhism </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli, Sanskrit: ālayavijñāna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>阿頼耶識 <ul><li>Cn: āyēshí</li> <li>Jp: arayashiki</li> <li>Vi: a-lại-da thức</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Śrāvastī </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: śrāvastī</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>舍衛國</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukha" title="Sukha">sukha</a> happiness; ease; pleasure; bliss </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: sukha</li> <li>Sanskrit: sukha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သုခ</li> <li>Khmer: សុខ <ul><li>UNGEGN: sŏkh</li> <li>ALA-LC: sukh</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[sok]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mon: ??</li> <li>Mn: ??</li> <li>樂 <ul><li>Cn: 乐 lè</li> <li>Jp: 楽 raku</li> <li>Tw: 樂 lo̍k</li> <li>Vi: ??</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutra</a> Scripture; originally referred to short aphoristic sayings and collections thereof </td> <td> <ul><li>from √siv: to sew</li> <li>Sanskrit: sutra</li> <li>Pāli: sutta</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သုတ် thoht (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θoʊʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: សូត្រ <ul><li>UNGEGN: sotr</li> <li>ALA-LC: sūtr</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[soːt]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mon: သုတ် ([sɔt])</li> <li>Mon: သုၵ်ႈ ([sʰuk˧])</li> <li>Thai: สูตร soothe</li> <li>Mn: судар, sudar</li> <li>經, 経 <ul><li>Cn: jīng</li> <li>Jp: kyō</li> <li>Tw: keng</li> <li>Vi: kinh</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Śūraṃgamasamādhisūtra </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Śūraṃgamasamādhisūtra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>首楞嚴三昧經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sutta_Pitaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutta Pitaka">Sutra Pitaka</a> The second basket of the <a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a> canon, the collection of all Buddha's teachings </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Sutta-piṭaka</li> <li>Sanskrit: Sūtra-piṭaka</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သုတ် thoht (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θoʊʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Mon: သုတ် ([sɔt])</li> <li>Mon: သုၵ်ႈ ([sʰuk˧])</li> <li>Mn: Судрын аймаг Sudriin aimag</li> <li>經藏, 経蔵 <ul><li>Cn: jīngcáng</li> <li>Jp: kyōzō</li> <li>Vi: Kinh tạng</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="T">T</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: T">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>tangaryō A period of waiting for admission into a Zen <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> at the gate, lasting anywhere from one day to several weeks—depending on the quality of one's sitting. Refers to the room traveling monks stay in when visiting, or await admittance into the sōdō. </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 旦過寮　</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">tanha</a> Craving or desire </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Pāli: taṇhā</li> <li>Sanskrit: tṛṣṇā</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Bur: တဏှာ tahna (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[tən̥à]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: តណ្ហា <ul><li>UNGEGN: tânha</li> <li>ALA-LC: taṇhā</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[tɑnhaː]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thai: ตัณหา tunha</li> <li>Mn: хурьцахуй, khuritsahui</li> <li>愛 <ul><li>Cn: ài</li> <li>Jp: ai</li> <li>Kr: 애 ae</li> <li>Tw: ài</li> <li>Vi: ái</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Tanto In Zen, one of the main temple leaders, lit."head of the tan." In a Zen temple, the Tanto is one of two officers (with the Godo) in charge monks' training.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese:単頭</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">tantra</a> Esoteric religious practices, including <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a>, etc. See also <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a>. </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: tantra</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Mn: тарнийн ёс, дандар, tarniin yos, dandar</li> <li>Cn: 续部 xùbù, 密续 mìxù, 怛特罗 dátèluó</li> <li>Jp: タントラ tantora</li> <li>Vi: đát-đặc-la</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tathagata" class="mw-redirect" title="Tathagata">Tathagata</a> one of the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ten_epithets" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten epithets">ten epithets</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: tathāgata; The "Thus-Gone One"</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: တထာဂတ tahtagata (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ta̰tʰàɡəta̰]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: តថាគត <ul><li>UNGEGN: tâthakôt</li> <li>ALA-LC: tathāgat</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[tatʰaːkɔt]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thai: ตถาคต tatha-kohd</li> <li>Mn: түүнчлэн ирсэн, tuunchlen irsen</li> <li>如来 <ul><li>Cn: rúlái</li> <li>Jp: nyorai</li> <li>Tw: Jû-lâi</li> <li>Vi: như lai</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tathagatagarbha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tathagatagarbha">tathagatagarbha</a> Buddha-nature or the seed of enlightenment </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: tathāgatagarbha</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>佛性, 仏性 <ul><li>Cn: fóxìng</li> <li>Jp: busshō</li></ul></li> <li>Also 覚性 <ul><li>Cn: juéxìng</li> <li>Jp: kakushō</li> <li>Vi: giác tính</li></ul></li> <li>Also 如来藏, 如来蔵 <ul><li>Cn: rúláizàng</li> <li>Jp: nyuoraizō</li> <li>Vi: như lai tạng</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>teisho A presentation by a Zen master during a sesshin. Rather than an explanation or exposition in the traditional sense, it is intended as a demonstration of Zen realisation </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 提唱 teishō</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>tenzo In Zen, the head cook for a sesshin. In Zen temples, the officer in charge of the kitchen </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 典座 tenzo</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>典座 <ul><li>Cn: diǎnzuò</li> <li>Vi: điển toạ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tevijja Sutta Discourse of the Three-fold Knowledge </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Tevijjasutta</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>三明經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a>, lit. "words of the elders", Most popular form of Buddhism in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: theravāda</li> <li>Sanskrit: sthaviravāda</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ထေရဝါဒ hterawada (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[tʰèɹa̰wàda̰]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[tʰèja̰wàda̰]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: ថេរវាទ <ul><li>UNGEGN: thérôvéat</li> <li>ALA-LC: theravād</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[tʰeːraviət]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thai: เถรวาท tera-waad</li> <li>上座部 <ul><li>Cn: shàngzuòbù</li> <li>Jp: jōzabu</li> <li>Vi: Thượng toạ bộ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>thera or their, lit. "elder", Honorific applied to senior monks and nuns in the Theravada tradition. </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: thera</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ထေရ htera (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[tʰèɹa̰]</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Three_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Jewels">Three Jewels</a> Three things that Buddhists take refuge in: the Buddha, his teachings (<a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a>) and the community of realized practitioners (<a href="/wiki/Sangha_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangha (Buddhism)">Sangha</a>), and in return look toward for guidance (see also <a href="/wiki/Refuge_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Refuge (Buddhism)">Refuge (Buddhism)</a>) </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: tiratana</li> <li>Sanskrit: triratna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: သရဏဂုံသုံးပါး tharanagon thon ba (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[θəɹənəɡòʊɴ θóʊɴ bá]</a>) OR ရတနာသုံးပါး yadana thon ba (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[jədənà θóʊɴ bá)]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: ត្រៃរតនៈ <ul><li>UNGEGN: trairôtâneă</li> <li>ALA-LC: trairatană</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[trajratanaʔ]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thai: ไตรรัตน์ trai-rut</li> <li>Tib: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ, dkon mchog gsum</li> <li>Mn: чухаг дээд гурав chuhag deed gurav</li> <li>三寶 <ul><li>Cn: sānbăo</li> <li>Jp: sanbō</li> <li>Vi: tam bảo</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three periods</a> <ul><li>Three divisions of the time following the historical Buddha's passing: the Former (or Early) Day of the Law (正法 Cn: zhèngfǎ; Jp: shōbō), the first thousand years; the Middle Day of the Law (像法 Cn: xiàngfǎ; Jp: zōhō), the second thousand years; and the Latter Day of the Law (末法 Cn: mòfǎ; Jp: mappō), which is to last for 10,000 years.</li> <li>The three periods are significant to Mahayana adherents, particularly those who hold the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Sutra" title="Lotus Sutra">Lotus Sutra</a> in high regard; e.g., <a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a> Buddhists, who believe that different Buddhist teachings are valid (i.e., able to lead practitioners to enlightenment) in each period due to the different capacity to accept a teaching (機根 Cn: jīgēn; Jp: kikon) of the people born in each respective period.</li> <li>The three periods are further divided into <a href="#Five_five-hundred_year_periods">five five-hundred year periods</a> (五五百歳 Cn: wǔ wǔbǎi suì; Jp: go no gohyaku sai), the fifth and last of which was prophesied to be when the Buddhism of Sakyamuni would lose all power of salvation and a new Buddha would appear to save the people. This time period would be characterized by unrest, strife, famine, and other, natural disasters.</li> <li>The three periods and the five five-hundred year periods are described in the Sutra of the Great Assembly (大集経 Cn: dàjí jīng; Jp: Daishutu-kyō, Daijuku-kyō, Daijikkyō, or Daishukkyō). Descriptions of the three periods also appear in other sutras, some of which ascribe different lengths of time to them (although all agree that <a href="#Mappo">Mappō</a> will last for 10,000 years).</li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>三時 <ul><li>Cn: Sānshí</li> <li>Jp: Sanji</li> <li>Vi: Tam thời</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Three_poisons_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Three poisons (Buddhism)">Three Poisons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Three_fires_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Three fires (Buddhism)">Three Fires</a> <dl><dd>The three primary causes of unskillful action that lead to the creation of "negative" karma; the three root <a href="/wiki/Kleshas_(Buddhism)" title="Kleshas (Buddhism)">kleshas</a>:</dd></dl> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Raga_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raga (Buddhism)">Attachment</a> (Pāli: lobha; Sanskrit: rāga; Tib.: འདོད་ཆགས་ 'dod chags)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvesha_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvesha (Buddhism)">Aversion</a> (Pali: doha; Sanskrit: dveṣa; Tib.: ཞེ་སྡང་ zhe sdang; Mn: урин хилэн, urin khilen; 瞋 Cn: chēn; Jp: jin; Vi: sân)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moha_(Buddhism)" title="Moha (Buddhism)">Ignorance</a> (Pāli: moha; Sanskrit: moha; Tib.: གཏི་མུག་ gti mug)</li></ol> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: <a href="/wiki/Kilesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilesa">kilesa</a> (Defilements)</li> <li>Sanskrit: kleśa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: triviṣa</li> <li>Tib: düsum (<a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: dug gsum)</li> <li>Bur: မီးသုံးပါး mi thon ba (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[mí θóʊɴ bá]</a>)</li> <li>Mn: гурван хор, gurvan khor</li> <li>三毒 <ul><li>Cn: Sāndú</li> <li>Jp: Sandoku</li> <li>Vi: Tam độc</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a> A Mahayana school of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> that teaches the supremacy of the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Sutra" title="Lotus Sutra">Lotus Sutra</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Chinese: 天台 tiāntái</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>天台宗 <ul><li>Cn: tiāntái zōng</li> <li>Jp: tendai-shū</li> <li>Vi: Thiên Thai tông</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Trail%C3%B5kya" class="mw-redirect" title="Trailõkya">trailõkya</a> The 3 "regions" of the world: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Kamaloka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamaloka">Kamaloka</a> or Kamadhatu: world of desires (Sanskrit, Pāli: kāmaloka, kāmadhātu; Tibetan: འདོད་ཁམས་ `dod khams; Mn: амармагийн орон, amarmagiin oron; 欲界 Cn: yùjiè, Jp: yokkai Vi: dục giới)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupaloka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupaloka (page does not exist)">Rupaloka</a> or Rupadhatu: world of form (Sanskrit: rūpaloka, rūpadhātu; Tibetan: གཟུགས་ཁམས་ gzugs khams; Mn: дүрстийн орон, durstiin oron; 色界 Cn: sèjiè; Jp: shikikai , Vi: sắc giới)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arupaloka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arupaloka (page does not exist)">Arupaloka</a> or Arupadhatu: world without form or desire (Sanskrit: arūpaloka, arūpadhātu; Tibetan: གཟུགས་མེད་ཁམས་ gzugs med khams; Mn: дүрсгүйн орон, dursquin oron; 無色界 Cn: wú sèjiè, Jp: mushikikai Vi: vô sắc giới)</li></ol> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: triloka</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: tisso dhātuyo</li> <li>Tibetan: ཁམས་གསུམ་ khams gsum</li> <li>Mn: гурван орон, gurvan oron</li> <li>三界 <ul><li>Cn: sānjiè</li> <li>Jp: sangai</li> <li>Tw: Sam-kài</li> <li>Vi: tam giới</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Trikaya" title="Trikaya">trikaya</a> The 3 "bodies" of Buddha: <ul><li>Dharma-kaya (Sanskrit: dharmakāya; 法身 Cn: fǎshēn; Jp: hosshin; Vi: pháp thân)</li> <li>Sambhoga-kaya (Sanskrit: saṃbhogakāya; 報身 Cn: bàoshēn; Jp: hōshin; Vi: báo thân)</li> <li>Nirmana-kaya (Sanskrit: nirmāṇakāya; 應身,化身,応身 Cn: yìngshēn; Jp: ōjin; Vi: ứng thân)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: trikāya</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>三身 <ul><li>Cn: sānshēn</li> <li>Jp: sanjin</li> <li>Vi: tam thân</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Triṃśikā </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Triṃśikā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>唯識三十論頌</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tripitaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripitaka">Tripitaka</a> The "Three Baskets"; canon containing the sacred texts for Buddhism (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pāli</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya Pitaka</a> (Pāli, Sanskrit: Vinaya-piṭaka; Tib: འདུལ་བའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ `dul ba`i sde snod; Mn: винайн аймаг сав vinain aimag sav; 律藏, 律蔵 Cn: lǜzàng; Jp: Ritsuzō; Vi: Luật tạng)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutta_Pitaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutta Pitaka">Sutra Pitaka</a> (Pāli: Sutta-piṭaka; Sanskrit: Sūtra-piṭaka; Tib: མདོ་སྡེའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ mdo sde`i sde snod; Mn: судрын аймаг сав sudriin aimag sav; 經藏, 経蔵 Cn: jīngzàng; Jp: Kyōzō; Vi: Kinh tạng)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhidhamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhidhamma">Abhidhamma Pitaka</a> (Pāli: Abhidhamma-piṭaka; Sanskrit: Abhidharma-piṭaka; Tib: མངོན་པའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ mngon pa`i sde snod; Mn: авидармын аймаг сав avidarmiin aimag sav; 論藏, 論蔵 Cn: lùnzàng; Jp: Ronzō; Vi: Luận tạng)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: tipiṭaka</li> <li>Sanskrit: tripiṭaka</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Burmese: တိပိဋက Tipitaka (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[tḭpḭtəka̰]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: ไตรปิฎก Traipidok</li> <li>སྡེ་སྣོད་་གསུམ, sde snod gsum</li> <li>Mn: гурван аймаг сав, gurvan aimag sav</li> <li>三藏, 三蔵 <ul><li>Cn: Sānzàng</li> <li>Jp: Sanzō</li> <li>Ko: Samjang</li> <li>Vi: Tam tạng</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Three_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Jewels">Triratna/Tiratana</a>, see Three Jewels above </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: tiratana</li> <li>Sanskrit: triratna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Tib: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ, dkon mchog gsum</li> <li>Mn: гурван эрдэнэ, gurvan erdene</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>triviṣa three poisons </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: triviṣa</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>三毒</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Trsna" class="mw-redirect" title="Trsna">trsna</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">tanha</a> above </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">tulku</a> A re-incarnated Tibetan teacher </td> <td> <ul><li>Tibetan: སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ tulku</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Mn: хувилгаан, khuvilgaan</li> <li>再來人 (轉世再來的藏系師長) <ul><li>Cn: Zài lái rén</li> <li>Jp: keshin</li> <li>Vi: hoá thân</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U">U</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: U">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr> <td>Udānavarga "Groups of Utterances" </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: Udānavarga</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>出㬬經</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Upadana" class="mw-redirect" title="Upadana">upadana</a> Clinging; the 9th link of <a href="/wiki/Pratitya-Samutpada" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratitya-Samutpada">Pratitya-Samutpada</a>; the Ninth <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Nidanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Nidanas">Twelve Nidanas</a> </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Pāli, Sanskrit: upādāna</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Bur: ဥပါဒါန် upadan (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ṵpàdàɴ]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: ឧបទាន <ul><li>UNGEGN: ŭbâtéan</li> <li>ALA-LC: upadān</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[ʔupatiən]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Shan: ဢူႉပႃႇတၢၼ်ႇ ([ʔu˥ paː˨ taːn˨])</li> <li>Thai: อุปาทาน u-pa-taan</li> <li>Tib: ལེན་པ, len pa</li> <li>Mn: авахуй, avahui</li> <li>取(十二因緣第九支) <ul><li>Cn: qǔ</li> <li>Jp: shu</li> <li>Vi: thủ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Upajjhaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Upajjhaya">Upajjhaya</a> spiritual teacher </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: Upajjhaya</li> <li>Sanskrit: upādhyāy</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဥပဇ္ဇာယ်ဆရာ Upyizesaya (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ṵ pjɪʔzèsʰajà]</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Upasaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasaka">upasaka</a> A lay follower of Buddhism </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: upāsaka</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဥပါသကာ upathaka (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ṵpàθəkà]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: ឧបាសក <ul><li>UNGEGN: ŭbasâk</li> <li>ALA-LC: upāsak</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[ʔuɓaːsɑk]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mon: ဥပါသကာ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ʊʔpasəka]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: อุบาสก u-ba-sok</li> <li>近事男, 優婆塞 <ul><li>Cn: jìnshìnán</li> <li>Jp: ubasoku</li> <li>Vi: cư sĩ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>upasika A female lay follower </td> <td> <ul><li>from <a href="/wiki/Upasaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasaka">upasaka</a> above</li> <li>Sanskrit: upāsika</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဥပါသိကာ upathika (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ṵpàθḭkà]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: ឧបាសិកា <ul><li>UNGEGN: ŭbasĕka</li> <li>ALA-LC: upāsikā</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[ʔuɓaːsekaː]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thai: อุบาสิกา u-ba-sika</li> <li>近事女, 優婆夷 <ul><li>Cn: jìnshìnǚ</li> <li>Jp: ubai</li> <li>Vi: (nữ) cư sĩ</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Upaya" title="Upaya">upaya</a> Expedient though not necessarily ultimately true. Originally used as a polemical device against other schools - calling them "merely" expedient, lacking in ultimate truth, later used against one's own school to prevent students form forming attachments to doctrines In Mahayana, exemplified by the Lotus Sutra, upaya are the useful means that Buddhas (and Buddhist teachers) use to free beings into enlightenment </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: upāya</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဥပါယ် upe (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ṵ pè]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: ឧបាយ <ul><li>UNGEGN: ŭbay</li> <li>ALA-LC: upāy</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[ʔuɓaːj]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tib: ཐབས, thabs</li> <li>Mn: арга, arga</li> <li>方便 <ul><li>Cn: fāngbiàn</li> <li>Jp: hōben</li> <li>Vi: phương tiện</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Upekkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Upekkha">upekkha</a> equanimity </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli: upekkhā</li> <li>Sanskrit: upekṣā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဥပက္ခာ upyikkha (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[ṵpjɪʔkʰà]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: ឧបេក្ខា <ul><li>UNGEGN: ŭbékkha</li> <li>ALA-LC: upekkhā</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[ʔupeːkkʰaː]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thai: อุเบกขา u-bek-kha</li> <li>Tib: བཏང་སྙོམས་, btang snyoms</li> <li>Mn: тэгшид барихуй, tegshid barihui</li> <li>镇定，沉着, 捨 <ul><li>Cn: Zhèndìng, chénzhuó</li> <li>Jp: sha</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Urna" title="Urna">urna</a> A concave circular dot on the forehead between the eyebrows </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: urna</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Mn: билгийн мэлмий, bilgiin melmii</li> <li>白毫 <ul><li>Jp: byakugō</li> <li>Vi: bạch hào</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="V">V</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: V">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a>, The third major branch, alongside Hinayana and Mahayana, according to Tibetan Buddhism's view of itself </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Sanskrit: vajrayāna, lit. "diamond vehicle"</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Bur: ဝဇိရယာန wazeirayana (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[wəzeiɹa̰ jàna̰]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: วชิรญาณ wachira-yaan</li> <li>Mn: Очирт хөлгөн, ochirt khölgön</li> <li>金剛乘 <ul><li>Cn: Jīngāng shèng</li> <li>Jp: Kongō jō</li> <li>Vi: Kim cương thừa</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Vairocana" title="Vairocana">Vairocana</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Sanskrit: [वैरोचन] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (<a href="/wiki/Category:Transliteration_template_errors" title="Category:Transliteration template errors">help</a>)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Tib: རྣམ་པར་སྣང་མཛད། rNam-par-snang mdzad</li> <li>Mn: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠢᠷᠦᠵᠠᠨ᠎ ᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠭᠡᠢᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ; Бярузана, Машид Гийгүүлэн Зохиогч, Гэгээн Гэрэлт; Biruzana, Masida Geyigülün Zohiyaghci, Gegegen Gereltü</li> <li>毗盧遮那佛, 大日如來 <ul><li>Cn: Pílúzhēnàfó</li> <li>Jp: Dainichi Nyorai, Birushana-butsu</li> <li>Vi: Đại Nhật Như Lai</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81san%C4%81" title="Vāsanā">Vāsanā</a> habitual tendencies or dispositions </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli and Sanskrit: Vāsanā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဝါသနာ wathana (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[wàðanà]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: វាសនា <ul><li>UNGEGN: véasânéa</li> <li>ALA-LC: vāsanā</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[ʋiəsnaː]</a></li></ul></li> <li>習気 <ul><li>Jp: jikke</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya Pitaka</a>, The first basket of the <a href="/wiki/Tripitaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripitaka">Tripitaka</a> canon, which deals with the rules of monastic life </td> <td> <ul><li>Pāli, Sanskrit: vinaya-piṭaka, lit. "discipline basket"</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဝိနည်းပိဋကတ် wini pitakat (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[wḭní pḭdəɡaʔ]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: វិន័យបិដក <ul><li>UNGEGN: vĭnoăy bĕdâk</li> <li>ALA-LC: vinăy piṭak</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[ʋinəj ɓeɗɑk]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mon: ဝိနဲ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[wìʔnòa]</a>)</li> <li>Shan: ဝီႉၼႄး (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">[wi˥˩ ɛ˦]</a>)</li> <li>Thai: วินัย wi-nai</li> <li>Tib: འདུལ་བའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ dul-bai sde-snod</li> <li>Mn: Винайн аймаг сав, vinain aimag sav</li> <li>律藏 <ul><li>Cn: Lǜzàng</li> <li>Jp: Ritsuzō</li> <li>Vi: Luật tạng</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Vipassana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipassana">vipassana</a> Usually translated as "Insight" meditation, most associated with the Theravāda tradition, but also present in some other traditions such as Tiantai. Often combined with <a href="/wiki/Samatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samatha">śamatha</a> meditation </td> <td> <ul><li>from vi-√dṛś: to see apart</li> <li>Pāli: vipassanā</li> <li>Sanskrit: vipaśyanā, vidarśanā</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Bur: ဝိပဿနာ wipathana (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[wḭpaʔθanà]</a>)</li> <li>Khmer: វិបស្សនា <ul><li>UNGEGN: vĭbâssânéa</li> <li>ALA-LC: vipassanā</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[ʋipahsanaː]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Shan: ဝီႉပၢတ်ႈသၼႃႇ ([wi˥ paːt˧ sʰa˩ naː˨])</li> <li>Thai: วิปัสสนา wipadsana</li> <li>Tib: ལྷག་མཐོངlhag mthong</li> <li>Mn: үлэмж үзэл, ulemj uzel</li> <li>觀,観 <ul><li>Cn: guān</li> <li>Jp: kan</li> <li>Vi: quán</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Viriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Viriya">viriya</a> energy, enthusiastic perseverance </td> <td> <ul><li>from </li> <li>Pāli: viriya</li> <li>Sanskrit: vīrya, </li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Khmer: វីរិយ <ul><li>UNGEGN: virĭy</li> <li>ALA-LC: vīriy</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[ʋiːrəj]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tib: brtson-grus</li> <li>Thai: วิริยะ wiriya</li> <li>能量 <ul><li>Cn: néngliàng </li> <li>Jp: nōryō</li> <li>Vi: năng-lượng</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Y">Y</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Y">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81na" class="mw-redirect" title="Yāna">yāna</a> divisions or schools of Buddhism according to their type of practice (lit. "vehicle") </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Pāli: yāna</li> <li>Sanskrit: yāna</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>Khmer: យាន <ul><li>UNGEGN: yéan</li> <li>ALA-LC: yān</li> <li>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">[jiən]</a></li></ul></li> <li>乘 <ul><li>Cn: shèng</li> <li>Jp: jō</li> <li>Vi: thừa</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Z">Z</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Z">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Definition </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>In other languages </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="width:450px"> <td><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">zazen</a> Sitting meditation as practiced in the <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen School</a> of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> </td> <td style="width:150px"> <ul><li>Japanese: 坐禅</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:200px"> <ul><li>坐禪 <ul><li>Cn: zuòchán</li> <li>Kr: jwaseon</li> <li>Vi: toạ thiền</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen School</a> A branch of Mahayana originating in China that originally emphasizes non-dualism and intuition. Modern monastic forms have a strong emphasis on zazen (Korean) or on zazen combined with militaristic top-down hazing (Japanese) </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 禅宗 Zen-shu</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>禪宗 <ul><li>Cn: Chánzōng</li> <li>Vi: Thiền tông</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Zendo" class="mw-redirect" title="Zendo">zendo</a> In Zen, a hall where zazen is practiced </td> <td> <ul><li>Japanese: 禅堂</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>禪堂 <ul><li>Cn: chántáng</li> <li>Vi: thiền đường</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;">Contents: </div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#0–9">0–9</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Buddhist texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Japanese Buddhism">Glossary of Japanese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Realm" title="Diamond Realm">Diamond Realm</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeighton_/_Okumura1996" class="citation book cs1">Leighton / Okumura (1996). Dogen's Pure Standards for the Zen Community. Albany, NY: SUNY. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-2710-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-2710-2"><bdi>0-7914-2710-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogen%27s+Pure+Standards+for+the+Zen+Community&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=SUNY&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7914-2710-2&rft.au=Leighton+%2F+Okumura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Buddhism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeighton/_Okumura1996" class="citation book cs1">Leighton/ Okumura (1996). Dogen's Pure Standards for the Zen Community. Albany: SUNY. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-2710-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-2710-2"><bdi>0-7914-2710-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogen%27s+Pure+Standards+for+the+Zen+Community&rft.place=Albany&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=SUNY&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7914-2710-2&rft.au=Leighton%2F+Okumura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+Buddhism" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_Buddhism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/Pali/">Pali Text Society Dictionary</a> (Be sure to check the "Unicode font" option, and to have one; also, if looking for a word, choose "words that match")</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/tamil/mwd_search.html">Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhism-dict.net/ddb">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism</a> (Login with userid "guest")</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kadampa.org/en/reference/glossary-of-buddhist-terms/">Kadampa Glossary of Buddhist Terms</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hsingyun.org/glossary/">Fo Guang Shan Glossary of Buddhist Terms (with Chinese translation)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata" title="Tathāgata">Tathāgata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sights" title="Four sights">Four sights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_Great_Events_in_the_Life_of_Buddha" title="The Eight Great Events in the Life of Buddha">Eight Great Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Renunciation" title="Great Renunciation">Great Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha" title="Physical characteristics of the Buddha">Physical characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Buddha_in_art" title="Life of Buddha in art">Life of Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_footprint" title="Buddha footprint">Footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Buddha" title="Relics associated with Buddha">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconography_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_Laos_and_Thailand" title="Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand">Iconography in Laos and Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film" title="Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Family of Gautama Buddha">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Auddhodana" title="Śuddhodana">Suddhodāna (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_the_Buddha)" title="Maya (mother of the Buddha)">Māyā (mother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī (aunt, adoptive mother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Bodhar%C4%81" title="Yaśodharā">Yaśodharā (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hula" title="Rāhula">Rāhula (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda (cousin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devadatta" title="Devadatta">Devadatta (cousin)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_Gautama_Buddha_stayed" title="List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed">Places where the Buddha stayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_world_religions" title="Gautama Buddha in world religions">Buddha in world religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattvas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjushri" title="Manjushri">Mañjuśrī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta" title="Mahasthamaprapta">Mahāsthāmaprāpta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha" title="Ākāśagarbha">Ākāśagarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%B9%A3itigarbha" title="Kṣitigarbha">Kṣitigarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva)" title="Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)">Samantabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapāṇi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanda_(Buddhism)" title="Skanda (Buddhism)">Skanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tārā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Metteyya/Maitreya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Disciples_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaundinya" title="Kaundinya">Kaundinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assaji" title="Assaji">Assaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81riputra" title="Śāriputra">Sāriputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudgalyayana" title="Maudgalyayana">Mahamoggallāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa" title="Mahākāśyapa">Mahākassapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%85gulim%C4%81la" title="Aṅgulimāla">Aṅgulimāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuruddha" title="Anuruddha">Anuruddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyayana_(Buddhist)" title="Katyayana (Buddhist)">Mahākaccana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_(half-brother_of_Buddha)" title="Nanda (half-brother of Buddha)">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subh%C5%ABti" title="Subhūti">Subhūti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87a_Mant%C4%81n%C4%ABputta" title="Puṇṇa Mantānīputta">Puṇṇa Mantānīputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81li" title="Upāli">Upāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema" title="Khema">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppalavanna" title="Uppalavanna">Uppalavanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asita" title="Asita">Asita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channa_(Buddhist)" title="Channa (Buddhist)">Channa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasa" title="Yasa">Yasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Key concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avidy%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Avidyā (Buddhism)">Avidyā (Ignorance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhicitta" title="Bodhicitta">Bodhicitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma theory">Dhamma theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_hindrances" title="Five hindrances">Five hindrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">Indriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleshas_(Buddhism)" title="Kleshas (Buddhism)">Kleshas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_factors_(Buddhism)" title="Mental factors (Buddhism)">Mental factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindstream" title="Mindstream">Mindstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinirvana" title="Parinirvana">Parinirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" title="Pratītyasamutpāda">Pratītyasamutpāda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism)">Saṃsāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%85kh%C4%81ra" title="Saṅkhāra">Saṅkhāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">Skandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Śūnyatā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">Taṇhā (Craving)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81t%C4%81" title="Tathātā">Tathātā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetter_(Buddhism)" title="Fetter (Buddhism)">Ten Fetters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence" title="Three marks of existence">Three marks of existence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impermanence_(Buddhism)" title="Impermanence (Buddhism)">Anicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%E1%B8%A5kha" title="Duḥkha">Dukkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatt%C4%81" title="Anattā">Anattā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_truths_doctrine" title="Two truths doctrine">Two truths doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Cosmology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_realms" title="Ten realms">Ten spiritual realms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Paths" title="Six Paths">Six Paths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">Deva realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_beings_in_Buddhism" title="Human beings in Buddhism">Human realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura_(Buddhism)" title="Asura (Buddhism)">Asura realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preta" title="Preta">Hungry Ghost realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Buddhism" title="Animals in Buddhism">Animal realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Buddhism)" title="Naraka (Buddhism)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailokya" title="Trailokya">Three planes of existence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chinese Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Japanese Zen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Seon" title="Korean Seon">Korean Seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Vietnamese Thiền</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayan" title="Huayan">Huayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Risshū (Buddhism)">Risshū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Chinese Esoteric Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">Dzogchen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navayana" title="Navayana">Navayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_schools" title="Early Buddhist schools">Early Buddhist schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism">Pre-sectarian Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_points_unifying_Therav%C4%81da_and_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna">Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern,_Eastern_and_Northern_Buddhism" title="Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism">Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_practices" title="Category:Buddhist practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhavana" title="Bhavana">Bhavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā">Bodhipakkhiyādhammā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Brahmavihara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Mudita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekkha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddh%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka" title="Buddhābhiṣeka">Buddhābhiṣeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Devotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity_yoga" title="Deity yoga">Deity yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Buddhism" title="Dhyana in Buddhism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Strengths" title="Five Strengths">Five Strengths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhipada" title="Iddhipada">Iddhipada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Meditation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantra#Buddhism" title="Mantra">Mantras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamma%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Kammaṭṭhāna">Kammaṭṭhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anussati" title="Anussati">Recollection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Smarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatha-vipassan%C4%81" title="Samatha-vipassanā">Samatha-vipassanā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukdam" title="Tukdam">Tukdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">Koan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganana" title="Ganana">Ganana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonglen" title="Tonglen">Tonglen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert%C3%B6n" title="Tertön">Tertön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terma_(religion)" title="Terma (religion)">Terma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness" title="Mindfulness">Mindfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satipatthana" title="Satipatthana">Satipatthana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekkhamma" title="Nekkhamma">Nekkhamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nianfo" title="Nianfo">Nianfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Pāramitā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paritta" title="Paritta">Paritta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Puja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offering_(Buddhism)" title="Offering (Buddhism)">Offerings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism)" title="Prostration (Buddhism)">Prostration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhu_(Pali_word)" title="Sādhu (Pali word)">Sādhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacca" title="Sacca">Sacca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Awakening" title="Seven Factors of Awakening">Seven Factors of Enlightenment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_vicaya" title="Dhamma vicaya">Dhamma vicaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%ABti" title="Pīti">Pīti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaddhi" title="Passaddhi">Passaddhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">Five precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_precepts" title="Eight precepts">Eight precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_vow" title="Bodhisattva vow">Bodhisattva vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratimok%E1%B9%A3a" title="Pratimokṣa">Pratimokṣa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_Training" title="Threefold Training">Threefold Training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">Four Right Exertions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-two_vows_of_Ambedkar" title="Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar">Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhahood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddhay%C4%81na" title="Pratyekabuddhayāna">Pratyekabuddhayāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_stages_of_awakening" title="Four stages of awakening">Four stages of awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sot%C4%81panna" title="Sotāpanna">Sotāpanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakadagami" title="Sakadagami">Sakadagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81g%C4%81mi" title="Anāgāmi">Anāgāmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Monasticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Bhikkhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhun%C4%AB" title="Bhikkhunī">Bhikkhunī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇerī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anag%C4%81rika" title="Anagārika">Anagārika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn" title="Ajahn">Ajahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayadaw" title="Sayadaw">Sayadaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_master" title="Zen master">Zen master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dshi" title="Rōshi">Rōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpoche" title="Rinpoche">Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geshe" title="Geshe">Geshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">Tulku</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_tulku" title="Western tulku">Western tulku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappiya" title="Kappiya">Kappiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donchee" title="Donchee">Donchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Householder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81saka_and_Up%C4%81sik%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Upāsaka and Upāsikā">Upāsaka and Upāsikā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achar_(Buddhism)" title="Achar (Buddhism)">Achar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka" title="Śrāvaka">Śrāvaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_principal_disciples" title="Ten principal disciples">Ten principal disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Major figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasena" title="Nagasena">Nagasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3a" title="Aśvaghoṣa">Aśvaghoṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asanga" title="Asanga">Asanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasubandhu" title="Vasubandhu">Vasubandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhaghosa" title="Buddhaghosa">Buddhaghosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhap%C4%81lita" title="Buddhapālita">Buddhapālita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dign%C4%81ga" title="Dignāga">Dignāga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhiyi" title="Zhiyi">Zhiyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Emperor Wen of Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songtsen_Gampo" title="Songtsen Gampo">Songtsen Gampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandao" title="Shandao">Shandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraha" title="Saraha">Saraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati%C5%9Ba" title="Atiśa">Atiśa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naropa" title="Naropa">Naropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">Karmapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnen" title="Hōnen">Hōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinran" title="Shinran">Shinran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen">Dōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren" title="Nichiren">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamarpa" title="Shamarpa">Shamarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Mun" title="Ajahn Mun">Ajahn Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Chah" title="Ajahn Chah">Ajahn Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_texts" title="Early Buddhist texts">Early Buddhist texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana_sutras" title="Mahayana sutras">Mahayana sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon">Pali Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon" title="Chinese Buddhist canon">Chinese Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhammapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamak%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra" title="Madhyamakālaṃkāra">Madhyamakālaṃkāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharmad%C4%ABpa" title="Abhidharmadīpa">Abhidharmadīpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_by_country" title="Buddhism by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Buddhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Maldives" title="Buddhism in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar" title="Buddhism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal" title="Buddhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Pakistan" title="Buddhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines" title="Buddhism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Russia" title="Buddhism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Buryatia" title="Buddhism in Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kalmykia" title="Buddhism in Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Tuva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Tuva (page does not exist)">Tuva</a> (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Буддизм в Тыве">ru</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Singapore" title="Buddhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand" title="Buddhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Africa" title="Buddhism in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Senegal" title="Buddhism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_South_Africa" title="Buddhism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Central_Asia" title="Buddhism in Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Buddhism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Buddhism in the Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Iran" title="Buddhism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Buddhism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Western countries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Argentina" title="Buddhism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Australia" title="Buddhism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada" title="Buddhism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Buddhism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Buddhism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_France" title="Buddhism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany" title="Buddhism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Italy" title="Buddhism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mexico" title="Buddhism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Norway" title="Buddhism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Poland" title="Buddhism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sweden" title="Buddhism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Switzerland" title="Buddhism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Ukraine" title="Buddhism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Buddhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Venezuela" title="Buddhism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism" title="History of Buddhism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism" title="Timeline of Buddhism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_councils" title="Buddhist councils">Buddhist councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">History of Buddhism in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline of Buddhism in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichang_persecution_of_Buddhism" title="Huichang persecution of Buddhism">Huichang persecution of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandharan_Buddhism" title="Gandharan Buddhism">Gandharan Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ran_Buddhist_texts" title="Gandhāran Buddhist texts">Texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_I" title="Menander I">Menander I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_the_Roman_world" title="Buddhism and the Roman world">Buddhism and the Roman world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Buddhism in the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Persecution of Buddhists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">In Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">In Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rim%C3%A9_movement" title="Rimé movement">Rimé movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banishment_of_Buddhist_monks_from_Nepal" title="Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal">Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_Buddhist_movement" title="Dalit Buddhist movement">Dalit Buddhist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">Chinese invasion of Tibet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" title="Women in Buddhism">Women in Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharma" title="Abhidharma">Abhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_atomism" title="Buddhist atomism">Atomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_studies" title="Buddhist studies">Buddhology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_democracy" title="Buddhism and democracy">Buddhism and democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Consciousnesses" title="Eight Consciousnesses">Eight Consciousnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism and evolution">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism" title="Humanistic Buddhism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_logico-epistemology" title="Buddhist logico-epistemology">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_in_Buddhism" title="Reality in Buddhism">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_unanswerable_questions" title="The unanswerable questions">The unanswerable questions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Buddhism" title="Culture of Buddhism">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_architecture" title="Buddhist architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temple" title="Buddhist temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vih%C4%81ra" title="Vihāra">Vihāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaung" title="Kyaung">Kyaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat" title="Wat">Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_hall" title="Ordination hall">Ordination hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagoda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_pagoda" title="Burmese pagoda">Burmese pagoda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Candi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_architecture_in_China" title="List of Buddhist architecture in China">List of Buddhist architecture in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture" title="Japanese Buddhist architecture">Japanese Buddhist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Korea" title="Buddhist temples in Korea">Buddhist temples in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_temple_art_and_architecture" title="Thai temple art and architecture">Thai temple art and architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_architecture" title="Tibetan Buddhist architecture">Tibetan Buddhist architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Tree" title="Bodhi Tree">Bodhi Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budai" title="Budai">Budai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_in_art" title="Buddha in art">Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_funeral" title="Buddhist funeral">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_holidays" title="Buddhist holidays">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uposatha" title="Uposatha">Uposatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81gha_P%C5%ABj%C4%81" title="Māgha Pūjā">Māgha Pūjā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asalha_Puja" title="Asalha Puja">Asalha Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassa" title="Vassa">Vassa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi" title="Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi">Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)" title="Kasaya (clothing)">Kasaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites" title="Buddhist pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Maya Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_poetry" title="Buddhist poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japamala" title="Japamala">Prayer beads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_yumi" title="Hama yumi">Hama yumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_wheel" title="Prayer wheel">Prayer wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_symbolism" title="Buddhist symbolism">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra">Dharmachakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavacakra" title="Bhavacakra">Bhavacakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Tooth" title="Temple of the Tooth">Temple of the Tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Miscellaneous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81" title="Abhijñā">Abhijñā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amitābha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Brahmā (Buddhism)">Brahmā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_talk" title="Dharma talk">Dharma talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhi" title="Iddhi">Iddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(time)" title="Kalpa (time)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliya" title="Koliya">Koliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_(Buddhism)" title="Lineage (Buddhism)">Lineage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_(demon)" title="Mara (demon)">Māra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Sacred languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pāḷi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comparative_Buddhism" title="Category:Comparative Buddhism">Comparison</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Buddhism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Buddhism">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Buddhism and Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_influences_on_Christianity" title="Buddhist influences on Christianity">Influences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Comparison of Buddhism and Christianity">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Eastern_religions" title="Buddhism and Eastern religions">East Asian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Gnosticism" title="Buddhism and Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Jainism" title="Buddhism and Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist" title="Jewish Buddhist">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology" title="Buddhism and psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_science" title="Buddhism and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Theosophy" title="Buddhism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_violence" title="Buddhism and violence">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Western_philosophy" title="Buddhism and Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism-related_lists" title="Category:Buddhism-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bodhisattvas" title="List of bodhisattvas">Bodhisattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buddhas">Buddhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suttas" title="List of suttas">Suttas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_temples" title="List of Buddhist temples">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buddhist festivals">Festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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