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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contenidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Anatomía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anatomía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sistema de activación reticular</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Disponible en 8 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticul%C3%A6re_aktiveringssystem" title="Reticulære aktiveringssystem (danés)" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reticulære aktiveringssystem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 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<div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><p>El <b>sistema de activación reticular ascendente</b> (SARA) o <b>filtro reticular</b> es una región amplia del <a href="/wiki/Cerebro" title="Cerebro">cerebro</a> que incluye a la <a href="/wiki/Formaci%C3%B3n_reticular" title="Formación reticular">formación reticular</a> y sus conexiones, responsable de la regulación del estado de vigilia y las <a href="/wiki/Ritmo_circadiano" title="Ritmo circadiano">oscilaciones diurnas/nocturnas</a>. </p><p>El SAR consiste en regiones del cerebro que son evolutivamente muy antiguas. Muchas de estas áreas son críticas para la supervivencia y para la protección durante períodos de adversidad. Como resultado, el SAR funciona aún durante los inhibitorios períodos de <a href="/wiki/Hipnosis" title="Hipnosis">hipnosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Svorad_1-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Svorad-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomía"><span id="Anatom.C3.ADa"></span>Anatomía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_de_activaci%C3%B3n_reticular&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Anatomía"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El filtro reticular se compone de varios circuitos de <a href="/wiki/Neurona" title="Neurona">neuronas</a> que conectan el <a href="/wiki/Tallo_cerebral" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallo cerebral">tallo cerebral</a> con la <a href="/wiki/Corteza_cerebral" title="Corteza cerebral">corteza cerebral</a>, haciendo relevo en los núcleos del <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1lamo_cerebral" class="mw-redirect" title="Tálamo cerebral">tálamo cerebral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steriade1995_2-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Steriade1995-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> En casos de lesiones en áreas del filtro reticular, los sujetos se vuelven letárgicos y somnolientos.<sup id="cite_ref-Steriade1996_3-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Steriade1996-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Las regiones que suelen incluirse en el SAR incluyen:<sup id="cite_ref-Rothballer_4-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Rothballer-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kinomura_5-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Kinomura-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>La <a href="/wiki/Formaci%C3%B3n_reticular" title="Formación reticular">formación reticular</a></li> <li>El <a href="/wiki/Mesenc%C3%A9falo" title="Mesencéfalo">mesencéfalo</a></li> <li>El <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BAcleo_centromediano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Núcleo centromediano (aún no redactado)">núcleo centromediano</a> del tálamo, la principal zona dentro del <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_intralaminar_del_t%C3%A1lamo" class="mw-redirect" title="Núcleo intralaminar del tálamo">núcleo intralaminar del tálamo</a></li> <li>El <a href="/wiki/Hipot%C3%A1lamo" title="Hipotálamo">hipotálamo</a> dorsal</li> <li>El tegumento</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_de_activaci%C3%B3n_reticular&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Svorad-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Svorad_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFSvorad,_D.1957" class="citation publicación">Svorad, D. (1957). «RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM OF BRAIN STEM AND ANIMAL HYPNOSIS». <i>Science</i> <b>125</b> (3239): 156-156. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13390978">13390978</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.125.3239.156">10.1126/science.125.3239.156</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ASistema+de+activaci%C3%B3n+reticular&rft.atitle=RETICULAR+ACTIVATING+SYSTEM+OF+BRAIN+STEM+AND+ANIMAL+HYPNOSIS&rft.au=Svorad%2C+D.&rft.aulast=Svorad%2C+D.&rft.date=1957&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3239&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=156-156&rft.volume=125&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.125.3239.156&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13390978&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steriade1995-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Steriade1995_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFSteriade,_M1995" class="citation publicación">Steriade, M (1995). «NEUROMODULATORY SYSTEMS OF THALAMUS AND NEOCORTEX». <i>Seminars in the Neurosciences</i> <b>7</b> (5): 361-370. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fsmns.1995.0039">10.1006/smns.1995.0039</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ASistema+de+activaci%C3%B3n+reticular&rft.atitle=NEUROMODULATORY+SYSTEMS+OF+THALAMUS+AND+NEOCORTEX&rft.au=Steriade%2C+M&rft.aulast=Steriade%2C+M&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+the+Neurosciences&rft.pages=361-370&rft.volume=7&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fsmns.1995.0039&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steriade1996-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Steriade1996_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFSteriade,_M.1996" class="citation publicación">Steriade, M. (1996). «Arousal: Revisiting the reticular activating system». <i>Science</i> <b>272</b> (5259): 225-226. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8602506">8602506</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.272.5259.225">10.1126/science.272.5259.225</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ASistema+de+activaci%C3%B3n+reticular&rft.atitle=Arousal%3A+Revisiting+the+reticular+activating+system&rft.au=Steriade%2C+M.&rft.aulast=Steriade%2C+M.&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5259&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=225-226&rft.volume=272&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.272.5259.225&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8602506&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rothballer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rothballer_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFRothballer,_A._B.1956" class="citation publicación">Rothballer, A. B. (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_electroencephalography-and-clinical-neurophysiology_1956-11_8_4/page/603">«STUDIES ON THE ADRENALINE-SENSITIVE COMPONENT OF THE RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM»</a>. <i>Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology</i> <b>8</b> (4): 603-621. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13375499">13375499</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0013-4694%2856%2990084-0">10.1016/0013-4694(56)90084-0</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ASistema+de+activaci%C3%B3n+reticular&rft.atitle=STUDIES+ON+THE+ADRENALINE-SENSITIVE+COMPONENT+OF+THE+RETICULAR+ACTIVATING+SYSTEM&rft.au=Rothballer%2C+A.+B.&rft.aulast=Rothballer%2C+A.+B.&rft.date=1956&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Electroencephalography+and+Clinical+Neurophysiology&rft.pages=603-621&rft.volume=8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_electroencephalography-and-clinical-neurophysiology_1956-11_8_4%2Fpage%2F603&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0013-4694%2856%2990084-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13375499&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinomura-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kinomura_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFKinomura,_S.,_Larsson,_J.,_Gulyas,_B.,_&_Roland,_P._E.1996" class="citation publicación">Kinomura, S., Larsson, J., Gulyas, B., & Roland, P. E. (1996). «Activation by attention of the human reticular formation and thalamic intralaminar nuclei». <i>Science</i> <b>271</b> (5248): 512-515. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8560267">8560267</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.271.5248.512">10.1126/science.271.5248.512</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ASistema+de+activaci%C3%B3n+reticular&rft.atitle=Activation+by+attention+of+the+human+reticular+formation+and+thalamic+intralaminar+nuclei&rft.au=Kinomura%2C+S.%2C+Larsson%2C+J.%2C+Gulyas%2C+B.%2C+%26+Roland%2C+P.+E.&rft.aulast=Kinomura%2C+S.%2C+Larsson%2C+J.%2C+Gulyas%2C+B.%2C+%26+Roland%2C+P.+E.&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5248&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=512-515&rft.volume=271&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.271.5248.512&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8560267&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; 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