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href="#Developer_Release_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Developer Release 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developer_Release_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_interface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_interface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>User interface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_interface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>System requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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system)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_(%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84)" title="راسبيدي (نظام تشغيل) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راسبيدي (نظام تشغيل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_(Betriebssystem)" title="Rhapsody (Betriebssystem) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhapsody (Betriebssystem)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_(sistema_operativo)" title="Rhapsody (sistema operativo) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rhapsody (sistema operativo)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_(syst%C3%A8me_d%27exploitation)" title="Rhapsody (système d'exploitation) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhapsody (système d'exploitation)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%A9%EC%86%8C%EB%94%94_(%EC%9A%B4%EC%98%81_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C)" title="랩소디 (운영 체제) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="랩소디 (운영 체제)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0)" title="Rhapsody (オペレーティングシステム) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Rhapsody (オペレーティングシステム)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_(system_operacyjny)" title="Rhapsody (system operacyjny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rhapsody (system operacyjny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Rhapsody (операционная система) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Rhapsody (операционная система)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rhapsody (operating system)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Rhapsody (операційна система) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Rhapsody (операційна система)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody" title="Rhapsody – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Rhapsody" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Apple operating system</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Rhapsody</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Rhapsody_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Apple_Rhapsody_screenshot.png/300px-Apple_Rhapsody_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/33/Apple_Rhapsody_screenshot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Rhapsody, with a drawing application and a <a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a> movie playing</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_operating_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh operating systems">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a>/<a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Closed_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed source">Closed source</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Developer Release 2 / May 1998<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1998-05</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>, <a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_kernel" title="Hybrid kernel">Hybrid kernel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Influenced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Influenced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Only released to developers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/OpenStep#OPENSTEP_for_Mach" title="OpenStep">OPENSTEP for Mach</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Features</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_transition_to_Intel_processors" title="Mac transition to Intel processors">Transition to Intel processors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_transition_to_Apple_silicon" title="Mac transition to Apple silicon">Transition to Apple silicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_macOS" title="Architecture of macOS">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Built-in apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_software" title="List of Mac software">List of applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_games" title="List of Mac games">List of games</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Versions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhapsody (Developer Release)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Hera (Server 1.0)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Kodiak (Public Beta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">Cheetah (10.0)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.1" title="Mac OS X 10.1">Puma (10.1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">Jaguar (10.2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">Panther (10.3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">Tiger (10.4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">Leopard (10.5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">Snow Leopard (10.6)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Lion" title="OS X Lion">Lion (10.7)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">Mountain Lion (10.8)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">Mavericks (10.9)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">Yosemite (10.10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">El Capitan (10.11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">Sierra (10.12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">High Sierra (10.13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">Mojave (10.14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">Catalina (10.15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">Big Sur (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">Monterey (12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">Ventura (13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">Sonoma (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">Sequoia (15)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Applications</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">App Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Automator" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Automator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculator_(Apple)" title="Calculator (Apple)">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(Apple)" title="Calendar (Apple)">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Chess" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contacts_(Apple)" title="Contacts (Apple)">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashboard_(macOS)" title="Dashboard (macOS)">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_(software)" title="Dictionary (software)">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Player_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD Player (macOS)">DVD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapher" title="Grapher">Grapher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_iTunes" title="History of iTunes">history</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launchpad_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launchpad (macOS)">Launchpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music (software)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_(Apple)" title="Notes (Apple)">Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notification_Center" title="Notification Center">Notification Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_Booth" title="Photo Booth">Photo Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preview_(macOS)" title="Preview (macOS)">Preview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reminders_(Apple)" title="Reminders (Apple)">Reminders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/Safari_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Safari version history">version history</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(software)" title="Sherlock (software)">Sherlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickies_(Apple)" title="Stickies (Apple)">Stickies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TextEdit" title="TextEdit">TextEdit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Machine_(macOS)" title="Time Machine (macOS)">Time Machine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Utilities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_Monitor_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Activity Monitor (macOS)">Activity Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="AirPort Utility">AirPort Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive Utility">Archive Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_MIDI_Setup" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio MIDI Setup">Audio MIDI Setup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_File_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluetooth File Exchange">Bluetooth File Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Console (macOS)">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_Reporter_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crash Reporter (macOS)">Crash Reporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigitalColor_Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="DigitalColor Meter">DigitalColor Meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Directory Utility">Directory Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiskImageMounter" class="mw-redirect" title="DiskImageMounter">DiskImageMounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Utility" title="Disk Utility">Disk Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_Book" title="Font Book">Font Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grab_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grab (macOS)">Grab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Help_Viewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Help Viewer">Help Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Image Capture">Image Capture</a></li> <li><a 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(macOS)">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Access">Universal Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceOver" title="VoiceOver">VoiceOver</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #e4e4f0; padding: 0 3px; margin-top: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhapsody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MacOS_sidebar" title="Template:MacOS sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MacOS_sidebar" title="Template talk:MacOS sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MacOS_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MacOS sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rhapsody</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> that was developed by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a> after its purchase of <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a> in the late 1990s. It is the fifth major release of the <a href="/wiki/Mach_(kernel)" title="Mach (kernel)">Mach-based</a> operating system that was developed at NeXT in the late 1980s, previously called <a href="/wiki/OPENSTEP" class="mw-redirect" title="OPENSTEP">OPENSTEP</a> and <a href="/wiki/NEXTSTEP" class="mw-redirect" title="NEXTSTEP">NEXTSTEP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhapsody was targeted to developers for a transition period between the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>. Rhapsody represented a new and exploratory strategy for Apple, more than an operating system, and runs on <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a>-based PCs and on <a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a>. </p><p>Rhapsody's OPENSTEP<sup id="cite_ref-openstep_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openstep-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based Yellow Box <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> frameworks were ported to <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> for creating cross-platform applications. Eventually, the non-Apple platforms were discontinued, and later versions consist primarily of the <a href="/wiki/OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OPENSTEP</a> operating system ported to Power Macintosh, merging the <a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a>-originated <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8" title="Mac OS 8">Mac OS 8</a> with that of OPENSTEP. Several existing <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a> frameworks were ported, including <a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a> and <a href="/wiki/AppleSearch" title="AppleSearch">AppleSearch</a>. Rhapsody can run Mac OS 8 and its applications in a <a href="/wiki/Paravirtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravirtualization">paravirtualization</a> layer called Blue Box for backward compatibility during migration to Mac OS X. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming">Naming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rhapsody follows Apple's pattern through the 1990s of music-related <a href="/wiki/Codename" class="mw-redirect" title="Codename">codenames</a> for operating system releases (see <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(music)" title="Rhapsody (music)"><i>Rhapsody</i> (music)</a>). Apple had canceled its previous next-generation operating system strategy of <a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a> (named for American composer, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a>) and its pre-announced successor Gershwin (named for <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a>, composer of <i><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue">Rhapsody in Blue</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200624_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200624-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other musical code names include Harmony (<a href="/wiki/System_7_(Macintosh)" class="mw-redirect" title="System 7 (Macintosh)">Mac OS 7.6</a>), Tempo (<a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8" title="Mac OS 8">Mac OS 8</a>), Allegro (<a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8#Mac_OS_8.5" title="Mac OS 8">Mac OS 8.5</a>), and Sonata (<a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_9" title="Mac OS 9">Mac OS 9</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Previous_attempts_to_develop_a_successor_to_the_Classic_Mac_OS">Previous attempts to develop a successor to the Classic Mac OS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Previous attempts to develop a successor to the Classic Mac OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history#Development" title="MacOS version history">macOS version history § Development</a></div> <p>In the mid-1990s, <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Mac OS</a> was falling behind Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015190–197_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015190–197-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, Microsoft had introduced the next-generation <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>, which was a processor-independent, <a href="/wiki/Multiprocessing" title="Multiprocessing">multiprocessing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multi-user" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-user">multi-user</a> operating system.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Mac OS was still a single-user OS, and had gained a reputation for being unstable. Apple made several attempts to develop modern replacements for Mac OS, which all failed, harming public confidence in the company, while <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> sales continued to decline. Apple's most promising next-generation operating system, <a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a>, was mismanaged and had to be abandoned in 1996. In response, Apple CEO <a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> decided to acquire or license an already-built operating system from another company. Apple's executive team considered <a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a>, NeXT's <a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a>, Sun Microsystems' <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Solaris</a>, and Windows NT, and eventually acquired <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a> in December 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015190–197_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015190–197-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Announcement">Announcement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Announcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rhapsody was announced by Gil Amelio at the January 7, <a href="/wiki/Macworld/iWorld#Macworld_1997_SF" title="Macworld/iWorld">1997 Macworld Expo SF</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacExpo97_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacExpo97-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and first demonstrated at the May 1997 <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Developers_Conference" title="Worldwide Developers Conference">Worldwide Developers Conference</a> (WWDC).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200627–29_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200627–29-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitch_to_developers">Pitch to developers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pitch to developers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Macworld SF 1997, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> said that Mac OS and its <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Toolbox" title="Macintosh Toolbox">Macintosh Toolbox</a> placed developers on the "fifth floor", Windows NT on the "seventh floor", while Rhapsody's OpenStep<sup id="cite_ref-openstep_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openstep-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">libraries</a> would let developers start on the "twentieth floor".<sup id="cite_ref-CHMMacworld97_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHMMacworld97-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jobs argued that this would make it faster to implement existing apps, and would allow even small developer teams to create innovative apps.<sup id="cite_ref-CHMMacworld97_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHMMacworld97-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, fewer than 25% of Americans used computers, and many thought the computing industry was "just waiting to take off"; most existing applications were office tools, and "the software for the vast majority of people [had] yet to be written".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxiv-14_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxiv-14-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jobs gave the examples of <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_Design" title="Lighthouse Design">Lighthouse Design</a>, which had created an entire <a href="/wiki/Office_suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Office suite">office suite</a> for NeXTSTEP with only 18 employees, Tim Berners-Lee, who had created <a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>, on NeXTSTEP, and <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, which created its first <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">eCommerce</a> website using NeXT's <a href="/wiki/WebObjects" title="WebObjects">WebObjects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CHMMacworld97_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHMMacworld97-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since Yellow Box was also available on Windows as a <a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">dynamic-link library</a> (DLL), Yellow Box apps would be able to run on both Rhapsody and Windows through a recompile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler199715,_30–35_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler199715,_30–35-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft provided no equivalent that would enable <a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">Win32</a> apps to run on other platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Rhapsody itself could be installed on either <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> Macintoshes or Intel <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> PCs, enlarging developers' potential customer base.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler199715,_30–35_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler199715,_30–35-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitch_to_users">Pitch to users</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pitch to users"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apple pitched Rhapsody to users by emphasizing its improved stability and responsiveness. For example, on classic Mac OS, incoming faxes could leave the machine frozen until the fax completes; and if an app crashed, it could take down the whole system and require a reboot, potentially leading to data loss.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii–xxiv_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii–xxiv-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Rhapsody would inherit NeXTSTEP's <a href="/wiki/Local_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Local network">local network</a> sharing functionality, and make it easy to share data across apps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii–xxiv_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii–xxiv-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Macworld SF 1997, Steve Jobs vaunted NeXTSTEP's maturity by pointing out that it had been adopted by many large organizations, including <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> banks and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CHMMacworld97_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHMMacworld97-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>BYTE magazine</i> described NeXTSTEP as "field-tested, time-proven code" in January 1998, ten years after the operating system's introduction.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planned_transition_from_Mac_OS">Planned transition from Mac OS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Planned transition from Mac OS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apple's plan was to maintain compatibility with "most" existing Mac OS applications through Blue Box but require apps to be rewritten for Yellow Box to take advantage of Rhapsody's new features. Blue Box would run in a window, and support System 7 apps (<a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000_series" title="Motorola 68000 series">Motorola 68k</a> and PowerPC), but would only be able to support apps that did not need to communicate with the hardware. Throughout Rhapsody's development, Apple would continue to release major upgrades to the classic Mac OS, which would remain supported for several years after Rhapsody's public release.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Planned_Rhapsody_architecture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Planned_Rhapsody_architecture.svg/220px-Planned_Rhapsody_architecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Planned_Rhapsody_architecture.svg/330px-Planned_Rhapsody_architecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Planned_Rhapsody_architecture.svg/440px-Planned_Rhapsody_architecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>Rhapsody's architecture</figcaption></figure><p>Rhapsody runs on a modified <a href="/wiki/Mach_(kernel)" title="Mach (kernel)">Mach</a> 2.5 kernel and <a href="/wiki/4.4BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="4.4BSD">4.4BSD</a> Unix environment. Atop that were the threaded, object-oriented Yellow Box libraries, the Blue Box compatibility layer for Mac OS applications, and a <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200627–28_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200627–28-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhapsody combines NeXT's <a href="/wiki/OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OpenStep</a> object-oriented framework, NeXT's other frameworks (<a href="/wiki/WebObjects" title="WebObjects">WebObjects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_Objects_Framework" title="Enterprise Objects Framework">Enterprise Objects Framework</a>), and Apple's Mac OS technologies (including <a href="/wiki/AppleScript" title="AppleScript">AppleScript</a>, <a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a> Media Layer, <a href="/wiki/ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_event" title="Apple event">Apple events</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhapsody uses the <a href="/wiki/Unix_File_System" title="Unix File System">Unix File System</a> (UFS) for hard disks, and <a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">Network File System</a> on network drives.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pixels are drawn onscreen using <a href="/wiki/Display_PostScript" title="Display PostScript">Display PostScript</a> instead of Mac OS's <a href="/wiki/QuickDraw" title="QuickDraw">QuickDraw</a>. Since Display PostScript relies on the same <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> language that is used to communicate with printers, no conversion process is required when printing, and printed documents are more faithful to how they look onscreen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997207–208_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997207–208-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rhapsody supports app development in three programming languages: Objective-C, Java, and C++.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler199772_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler199772-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kernel">Kernel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kernel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rhapsody uses Carnegie Mellon University's <a href="/wiki/Mach_(kernel)" title="Mach (kernel)">Mach</a> 2.5 kernel, which was modified to add support for the Network File System, <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> disks, and removable devices like <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROMs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaz_drive" title="Jaz drive">Jaz drives</a>. This kernel lacks <a href="/wiki/Symmetric_multiprocessing" title="Symmetric multiprocessing">symmetric multiprocessing</a> (SMP) support, which was planned to be added in a later release of Rhapsody that would use a Mach 3.0 kernel.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mach had been created at CMU by <a href="/wiki/Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Avie Tevanian</a>, who was in charge of Rhapsody's development as Apple's senior vice president of software engineering, a role he previously held at NeXT.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In a WWDC 1997 presentation, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Robbin" title="Jeff Robbin">Jeff Robbin</a> said Rhapsody was based on Mach 2.6.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blue_Box">Blue Box</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Blue Box"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blue Box is a <a href="/wiki/Reentrancy_(computing)" title="Reentrancy (computing)">non-reentrant</a> virtualization layer that allows Rhapsody to run classic Mac OS apps. It was released after Rhapsody DR1, in the form of an application called <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">MacOS.app</span> that loaded a Macintosh ROM file stored on disk. Blue Box did not support Mac OS applications that needed hardware access or that relied on non-public Mac OS APIs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200629_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200629-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blue Box beta 1.0 only worked in full screen, requiring users to press <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌘ Cmd</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">↵ Enter</kbd> to exit the environment, and it implements networking through <a href="/wiki/Open_Transport" title="Open Transport">Open Transport</a>, instead of Rhapsody's <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_sockets" title="Berkeley sockets">BSD sockets</a>. Later versions of Blue Box could run Mac OS in a window.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200629_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200629-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rhapsody's Blue Box environment, available only on <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Paravirtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravirtualization">paravirtualization</a>, provides runtime compatibility with Mac OS 8 applications. All virtualized applications and their associated windows are encapsulated within a single Blue Box desktop window instead of being interspersed with native Yellow Box applications. </p><p>Blue Box later became the <a href="/wiki/Classic_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic environment">Classic environment</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200629_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200629-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which remained in Mac OS X until <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">Mac OS X Tiger</a>, with support for Classic dropped in <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">Mac OS X Leopard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yellow_Box">Yellow Box</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Yellow Box"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yellow Box is Rhapsody's development platform. It consists of much of the OpenStep framework, combined with a runtime, and a development environment. Since Yellow Box also had a Windows NT implementation, apps made for it could also run natively on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, and would look like normal Windows applications. Yellow Box includes three major frameworks: <a href="/wiki/Foundation_Kit" title="Foundation Kit">Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/AppKit" title="AppKit">Application Kit</a>, and Display PostScript. It also includes NeXTSTEP's <a href="/wiki/Project_Builder" title="Project Builder">Project Builder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interface_Builder" title="Interface Builder">Interface Builder</a> development tools.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200629_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200629-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler199715,_30–35_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler199715,_30–35-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yellow Box has full support for <a href="/wiki/Preemptive_multitasking" class="mw-redirect" title="Preemptive multitasking">preemptive multitasking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multithreading_(computer_architecture)" title="Multithreading (computer architecture)">multithreading</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Protected_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected memory">protected memory</a> (which would have only been partially supported under the previous Copland project). Third-party apps would need to be rewritten for Yellow Box to take advantage of Rhapsody's new features.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1997, Amelio announced that Yellow Box would be renamed <i>Concert</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yellow Box was later used as the foundation for Mac OS X's <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a> framework.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200629_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200629-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Java_virtual_machine">Java virtual machine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Java virtual machine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rhapsody's Java virtual machine is derived from Sun's <a href="/wiki/Java_Development_Kit" title="Java Development Kit">JDK</a> 1.1.3, which was modified so that Java apps could call Yellow Box <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">APIs</a>. Rhapsody DR1 included Sun's Java compiler and libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developer_releases">Developer releases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Developer releases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is missing information</b> about the second developer release of Rhapsody.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Talk:Rhapsody (operating system)">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Apple issued two developer releases of Rhapsody for both the <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> and Intel <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> architectures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200627–29_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200627–29-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developer_Release_1">Developer Release 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Developer Release 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first developer release of Rhapsody was released on October 13, 1997 (for Power Macintosh)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004278_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004278-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 10,000 developers, who were given two <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CDs</a>: the bootable Rhapsody installer, and another CD with sample source code (including a version of TextEdit in Java that calls Yellow Box APIs). Apple modified its implementation of <a href="/wiki/Open_Firmware" title="Open Firmware">Open Firmware</a> to allow users to dual boot Rhapsody and Mac OS by holding down <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇪ Caps Lock</kbd>. DR1 did not have Blue Box, and was missing many promised Mac OS technologies like QuickTime, AppleScript, and <a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a>; its main purpose was to give developers a shipping version of Yellow Box so they could start rewriting their apps for it. DR1 has OPENSTEP's Workspace Manager instead of the Mac OS <a href="/wiki/Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the following weeks, Apple also released the Windows version of the Yellow Box runtime, as well as DR1 of <i>Rhapsody for PC Compatibles</i> (Intel), and the first release of Blue Box.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The overall developer reaction to DR1 was positive.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>BYTE magazine</i>'s Tom Thompson described DR1 as a "<a href="/wiki/Jekyll-and-Hyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Jekyll-and-Hyde">Jekyll-and-Hyde</a> mixture" of an "amazingly Mac-like" user interface and hard-to-use NeXTSTEP components, some of which could only be configured properly through the <a href="/wiki/Command_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line">command line</a>, but said it "did not crash once" during his testing.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_interface">User interface</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: User interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rhapsody's user interface was considered preliminary, with the developer previews focusing on the system's underlying architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its user interface was a blend of the OPENSTEP UI and Mac OS 8's <a href="/wiki/Platinum_(Macintosh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum (Macintosh)">Platinum UI</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200627–28_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200627–28-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the latter originating with the cancelled Copland prototype. Developer Release 1 (DR1) does not have Mac OS's <a href="/wiki/Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a>, and has <a href="/wiki/OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OPENSTEP</a>'s Workspace Manager, <a href="/wiki/Shelf_(computing)" title="Shelf (computing)">Shelf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miller_columns" title="Miller columns">column view</a>. The Shelf was eliminated in favor of OPENSTEP's <a href="/wiki/Dock_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (computing)">Dock</a>; and Finder was added, inheriting column view. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Developers were "impressed" and "enthusiastic" about Apple's plans, but, with Copland in mind, many were skeptical of Apple's ability to deliver on these plans, and the Macintosh's declining sales raised doubts about Apple's odds of survival. As a result, "many" developers were unwilling to commit to rewriting their apps for Rhapsody, which posed a <a href="/wiki/Chicken-and-egg_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken-and-egg problem">chicken-and-egg problem</a>, since Rhapsody would not be commercially successful without apps rewritten to take advantage of its new features.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Technology columnist <a href="/wiki/Walt_Mossberg" title="Walt Mossberg">Walt Mossberg</a> observed that many third-party developers were already abandoning the Mac due to its shrinking market share, and that NeXTSTEP's lack of consumer applications, combined with the need to rewrite apps for Rhapsody, "[made] buying a Mac a relatively risky investment" compared to buying a <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> or <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> computer.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To assuage developers' concerns, Apple announced in May 1997 that it would add support for Yellow Box apps to Mac OS, to make the transition from Mac OS smoother. However, the same month, Apple announced in an <a href="/wiki/SEC_filing" title="SEC filing">SEC filing</a> that contrary to its previous <a href="/wiki/Earnings_guidance" title="Earnings guidance">earnings guidance</a>, it would fail to return to profitability by the fourth quarter of <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> 1997 (ending in September), and that it expected Macintosh <a href="/wiki/Net_sales" class="mw-redirect" title="Net sales">net sales</a> to continue to decline.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Q4 FY1997, quarterly Macintosh sales declined from 932,000 to 625,000 <a href="/wiki/Year-over-year" title="Year-over-year">year-over-year</a>, and Apple had an <a href="/wiki/Operating_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating loss">operating loss</a> of $24 million (though it still had $1.45 billion in cash).<sup id="cite_ref-:9_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly before the August 6, <a href="/wiki/Macworld/iWorld#Macworld_1997_Boston" title="Macworld/iWorld">1997 Macworld Expo Boston</a>, Amelio tried to obtain a commitment from Microsoft to release <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Office</a> for Rhapsody, but <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> refused.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some small developers announced Rhapsody ports of their apps, including Stone Design's Create, Anderson Financial systems' PasteUp, Onyshuk & Associates' Glyphix, OpenBase, and Dantz Development's <a href="/wiki/Retrospect_(software)" title="Retrospect (software)">Retrospect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1998, <i>Macworld</i> columnist <a href="/wiki/David_Pogue" title="David Pogue">David Pogue</a> wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The intriguing thing about Apple's upcoming Rhapsody OS is that it'll be available for Mac and Intel computers. What if it's a huge hit? What if it's cheaper and less troublesome than Windows and NT? What if it dawns on software companies that they can write one Rhapsody program and sell it on both "Mac" and "Windows" machines? The experience of using a computer is determined mostly by its system software. In other words, Rhapsody will put Apple elegance on any personal computer, no matter who made it. Every PC in the world will become, in effect, a Mac. On the other hand, a Rhapsody triumph would mean nobody'd have to buy computers from Apple anymore. Has Apple thought this thing through?<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategy">Strategy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a>, owner of PC maker <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, Steve Jobs demonstrated Rhapsody on Intel x86, and offered to license the operating system to Dell for distribution on its PCs. The deal failed, however, when Jobs insisted that all of its computers ship with both Mac OS and Windows so that consumers could choose the platform they prefer (which would have resulted in Dell having to pay royalties to Apple for every computer it sells), as opposed to Dell's preference that the choice of OS be a factory option.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PCR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PCR"><span title="The material near this tag may lack sufficient context. (February 2023)">needs context</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In mid-1997, after Amelio was ousted as Apple's CEO and Jobs informally replaced him, the company grew quieter on Rhapsody, leading to speculation over its fate. At the October 1997 Seybold publishing conference, Jobs announced that the transition would be more "gradual" than previously announced by Amelio, and would follow a "dual-OS" strategy, with Rhapsody oriented towards servers, followed by a consumer released several years later, imitating Microsoft's Windows NT strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004278_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004278-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At WWDC 1998 held in May, Apple stated that "not a single" major third-party developer had committed to rewriting their apps for Rhapsody. Apple instead unveiled their <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> strategy: classic Mac OS applications would not need a complete rewrite to run well on the system, which Jobs said could have taken as long as two years; instead, applications could run on Mac OS X with only "minor adjustments".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple also ported existing classic Mac OS frameworks into Mac OS X and developed the cross-platform <a href="/wiki/Carbon_(API)" title="Carbon (API)">Carbon API</a> for Mac OS 9 and X as the transition layer.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Widely used Mac OS libraries like <a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a> and <a href="/wiki/AppleScript" title="AppleScript">AppleScript</a> were ported and published to developers. Carbon allows full compatibility and native functionality for both platforms, while enabling new features.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Apple also announced that <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macromedia" title="Macromedia">Macromedia</a> were on board with the new strategy, and had committed to releasing their applications for Mac OS X.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Programmer <a href="/wiki/Dave_Winer" title="Dave Winer">Dave Winer</a> celebrated the new strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the landmark <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">Microsoft antitrust trial</a>, Avie Tevanian argued that Rhapsody's failure was partly caused by Windows's dominance, which made new operating system platforms inherently uncompetitive; however, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>'s John Lettice argued that "those [Yellow Box] APIs Apple couldn't get developers to support [...] are of course APIs that NeXT couldn't get developers to support". Lettice described Rhapsody as inherently flawed, stating that: "The theory of this school of OS development [that] says you allow users to run their existing apps while making it possible for a whole new generation of compelling apps to take over in the long run" is a strategy that "has not so far worked in practice".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though developers were expecting Rhapsody DP3,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="This statement is inconsistent with other parts of the article. (February 2023)">inconsistent</span></a></i>]</sup> Steve Jobs announced at the <a href="/wiki/Macworld/iWorld#Macworld_1998_NY" title="Macworld/iWorld">July 1998 MacWorld Expo NY</a> that an improved version of Rhapsody would be publicly released as <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Mac OS X Server 1.0</a>, which would bundle <a href="/wiki/WebObjects" title="WebObjects">WebObjects</a>, the <a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Streaming_Server" title="QuickTime Streaming Server">QuickTime Streaming Server</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache</a> web server.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200631_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200631-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apple forked Rhapsody into <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> operating system that is the foundation for Apple's current commercial operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200631_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200631-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since Rhapsody could run on both PowerPC and Intel x86, some commentators speculated that Apple could be planning to switch the Macintosh from PowerPC to Intel processors.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Mac_transition_to_Intel_processors" title="Mac transition to Intel processors">switch occurred in 2005</a>, with Apple revealing that it had internally tested Intel <a href="/wiki/Software_build" title="Software build">builds</a> of Mac OS X since the year 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015373–374_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015373–374-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, historian Hanson Hsu called Steve Jobs's vision for developers "prescient" (Jobs's vision is described in the <a href="#Pitch_to_developers"><i>§Pitch to developers</i></a> section). Many NeXTSTEP innovations were foundational to Mac OS X, including the <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a> framework, Interface Builder (which became part of <a href="/wiki/Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a> programming language. These technologies attracted many indie developers to the <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac</a>, and are still in use today on the Mac; they were later used on the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, the <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CHMMacworld97_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHMMacworld97-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="System_requirements">System requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: System requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The PowerPC version of Rhapsody DR1 required 32<span class="nowrap"> </span>MB of <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> (64<span class="nowrap"> </span>MB recommended), and 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>GB of disk space, and only officially supported the Power Macintosh <a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9500" title="Power Macintosh 9500">9500</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9600" title="Power Macintosh 9600">9600</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8500" title="Power Macintosh 8500">8500</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8600" title="Power Macintosh 8600">8600</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release_history">Release history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Release history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apple initially planned to release a developer preview of Rhapsody in the third quarter of 1997. It would be followed in January 1998 by a consumer release codenamed Rhapsody Premier, containing a preliminary version of Blue Box, the compatibility environment that would allow Rhapsody to run Mac OS apps. The full Blue Box would come in Rhapsody Unified, planned for mid-1998.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rhapsody's version numbers start at version 5.0, since was a rename of NeXT's <em>OPENSTEP for Mach</em> operating system, whose last version was OPENSTEP for Mach 4.2. Though Apple never released Rhapsody 5.2, some speculated that it was meant to be Rhapsody Premier.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Version </th> <th>Code name </th> <th>Platform </th> <th>Date </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uname" title="Uname">OS name</a> </th> <th>Darwin version </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Rhapsody Developer Release 1 </td> <td>Grail1Z1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> </td> <td>October 13, 1997<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004278_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004278-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2">Rhapsody 5.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grail1Z4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (Intel x86) </td> <td><i>weeks later</i><sup id="cite_ref-:10_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Rhapsody Developer Release 2 </td> <td>Titan1T7 </td> <td>PowerPC </td> <td rowspan="2">May 14, 1998 </td> <td rowspan="2">Rhapsody 5.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Titan1U </td> <td>IA-32 (Intel x86) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#EAECF0; text-align:center"><i><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Mac OS X Server 1.0</a> is also based on Rhapsody:</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mac OS X Server 1.0 </td> <td>Hera1O9 </td> <td rowspan="5">PowerPC </td> <td>March 16, 1999 </td> <td>Rhapsody 5.3 </td> <td style="text-align:center">0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mac OS X Server 1.0.1 </td> <td>Loki1A2 <p><i>(also labelled Hera1O9)</i> </p> </td> <td>April 15, 1999 </td> <td>Rhapsody 5.4 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?<br />0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mac OS X Server 1.0.2 </td> <td>Loki2G1 <p><i>(also labelled Hera1O9+Loki2G1)</i> </p> </td> <td>July 29, 1999 </td> <td>Rhapsody 5.5 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:center">0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mac OS X Server 1.2 </td> <td>Pele1Q10 </td> <td>January 14, 2000 </td> <td rowspan="2">Rhapsody 5.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mac OS X Server 1.2 v3 </td> <td>Medusa1E3 </td> <td>October 27, 2000<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-openstep-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-openstep_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openstep_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Note the capitalization. "OpenStep" refers to the object-oriented framework developed jointly by NeXT and Sun Microsystems, while "OPENSTEP" is what NeXT's NeXTSTEP operating system was called after version 4.0.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhapsodyos.org/">"Shaw's Rhapsody Resource Page"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090428224510/http://www.rhapsodyos.org/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shaw%27s+Rhapsody+Resource+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhapsodyos.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200624-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200624_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2006">Singh 2006</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015190–197-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015190–197_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015190–197_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchlenderTetzeli2015">Schlender & Tetzeli 2015</a>, pp. 190–197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutler2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Cutler" title="Dave Cutler">Cutler, Dave</a> (2005), "Preface", in <a href="/wiki/Mark_Russinovich" title="Mark Russinovich">Russinovich, Mark</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_A._Solomon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David A. Solomon (page does not exist)">Solomon, David A</a> (eds.), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780735619173"><i>Microsoft Windows Internals</i></a></span> (fourth ed.), Microsoft Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7356-1917-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7356-1917-4"><bdi>0-7356-1917-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Windows+Internals&rft.edition=fourth&rft.pub=Microsoft+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7356-1917-4&rft.aulast=Cutler&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780735619173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB852593605260749500">"Amelio Pledges a Smooth Shift To New Mac Operating System"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. January 7, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205234415/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB852593605260749500">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Amelio+Pledges+a+Smooth+Shift+To+New+Mac+Operating+System&rft.date=1997-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB852593605260749500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacExpo97-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacExpo97_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990116231607/http://product.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q2/970107.pr.rel.macos.html">"Apple Announces Future Macintosh Operating System (OS) Strategy and Road Map"</a>. <i>Apple.com</i> (Press release). Apple Computer, Inc. January 7, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://product.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q2/970107.pr.rel.macos.html">the original</a> on January 16, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Announces+Future+Macintosh+Operating+System+%28OS%29+Strategy+and+Road+Map&rft.pub=Apple+Computer%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1997-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproduct.info.apple.com%2Fpr%2Fpress.releases%2F1997%2Fq2%2F970107.pr.rel.macos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200627–29-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200627–29_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200627–29_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2006">Singh 2006</a>, pp. 27–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB863535047966660500">"Apple Tries to Woo Developers As a Crucial Conference Starts"</a>. <i>WSJ</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computer+History+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Deep+History+of+Your+Apps%3A+Steve+Jobs%2C+NeXTSTEP%2C+and+Early+Object-Oriented+Programming&rft.date=2016-03-15&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Hsu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fblog%2Fthe-deep-history-of-your-apps-steve-jobs-nextstep-and-early-object-oriented-programming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxiv-14-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxiv-14_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeiler1997">Feiler 1997</a>, pp. xxiv-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler199715,_30–35-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler199715,_30–35_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler199715,_30–35_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler199715,_30–35_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeiler1997">Feiler 1997</a>, pp. 15, 30–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGomes1997" class="citation news cs1">Gomes, Lee (May 13, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB863480014554226000">"Apple Says Rhapsody Programs Will Run on Current Mac OS"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205234410/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB863480014554226000">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Apple+Says+Rhapsody+Programs+Will+Run+on+Current+Mac+OS&rft.date=1997-05-13&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Gomes&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB863480014554226000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii–xxiv-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii–xxiv_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii–xxiv_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeiler1997">Feiler 1997</a>, pp. xxii–xxiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFliegelGruman1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Fliegel, Tova; Gruman, Galen (March 1997). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Sticking+With+the+Mac+Requires+Patience+and+a+Big+Leap+of+Faith&rft.date=1997-01-23&rft.aulast=Mossberg&rft.aufirst=Walter+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB853971443414703000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200627–28-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200627–28_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200627–28_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2006">Singh 2006</a>, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997xxii_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeiler1997">Feiler 1997</a>, p. xxii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997207–208-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler1997207–208_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeiler1997">Feiler 1997</a>, pp. 207–208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeiler199772-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeiler199772_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeiler1997">Feiler 1997</a>, pp. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200629-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200629_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200629_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200629_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200629_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200629_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2006">Singh 2006</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Morgan, Justin (July 1997). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ITPro+Today&rft.atitle=Apple+will+release+Rhapsody+on+Intel+PCs+as+well+as+PowerPC+systems&rft.date=1997-05-12&rft.aulast=Thurrott&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itprotoday.com%2Fwindows-78%2Fapple-will-release-rhapsody-intel-pcs-well-powerpc-systems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004278-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004278_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004278_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004278_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arnnet.com.au/article/114093/apple_delivers_blue_box_early/">"Apple delivers Blue Box early"</a>. <i>ARNnet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329141317/https://www.arnnet.com.au/article/114093/apple_delivers_blue_box_early/">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARNnet&rft.atitle=Apple+delivers+Blue+Box+early&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arnnet.com.au%2Farticle%2F114093%2Fapple_delivers_blue_box_early%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewswires1997" class="citation news cs1">Newswires, Dow Jones (May 14, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB863641586524264500">"Microsoft Unveils Mac Browser As Developer Meeting Continues"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205234412/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB863641586524264500">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Unveils+Mac+Browser+As+Developer+Meeting+Continues&rft.date=1997-05-14&rft.aulast=Newswires&rft.aufirst=Dow+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB863641586524264500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan1997" class="citation web cs1">Duncan, Geoff (May 26, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tidbits.com/1997/05/26/yellow-box-blue-box-rhapsody-wwdc/">"Yellow Box, Blue Box, Rhapsody & WWDC"</a>. <i>TidBITS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329141315/https://tidbits.com/1997/05/26/yellow-box-blue-box-rhapsody-wwdc/">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The Apple Doomsday Scenario". <i>Macworld</i>. pp. 192, 194.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=The+Apple+Doomsday+Scenario&rft.pages=192%2C+194&rft.date=1998-02&rft.aulast=Pogue&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuglielmo2021" class="citation web cs1">Guglielmo, Connie (October 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/the-steve-jobs-deal-with-dell-that-could-have-changed-apple-and-tech-history">"The Apple-Dell deal that could have changed history"</a>. <i>CNET</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028223313/https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/the-steve-jobs-deal-with-dell-that-could-have-changed-apple-and-tech-history/">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=The+Apple-Dell+deal+that+could+have+changed+history&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft.aulast=Guglielmo&rft.aufirst=Connie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Ftech%2Fcomputing%2Fthe-steve-jobs-deal-with-dell-that-could-have-changed-apple-and-tech-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlton1997" class="citation web cs1">Carlton, Jim (October 3, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB875829381910830000">"Apple to Gradually Roll Out Rhapsody; No Quick Transition"</a>. <i>WSJ</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205234409/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB875829381910830000">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WSJ&rft.atitle=Apple+to+Gradually+Roll+Out+Rhapsody%3B+No+Quick+Transition&rft.date=1997-10-03&rft.aulast=Carlton&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB875829381910830000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlton1998" class="citation news cs1">Carlton, Jim (May 12, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB894913096899527000">"Apple Kills Its Plan to Use Rhapsody As New Macintosh Operating System"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205234413/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB894913096899527000">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Apple+Kills+Its+Plan+to+Use+Rhapsody+As+New+Macintosh+Operating+System&rft.date=1998-05-12&rft.aulast=Carlton&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB894913096899527000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiracusa2008" class="citation web cs1">Siracusa, John (April 3, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/staff/2008/04/rhapsody-and-blues/">"Rhapsody and blues"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151104224017/https://arstechnica.com/staff/2008/04/rhapsody-and-blues/">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Rhapsody+and+blues&rft.date=2008-04-03&rft.aulast=Siracusa&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fstaff%2F2008%2F04%2Frhapsody-and-blues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiner1998" class="citation web cs1">Winer, Dave (May 12, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scripting.com/davenet/1998/05/12/rhapsodyCancelled.html">"Rhapsody Cancelled"</a>. <i>DaveNet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129002332/http://scripting.com/davenet/1998/05/12/rhapsodyCancelled.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DaveNet&rft.atitle=Rhapsody+Cancelled&rft.date=1998-05-12&rft.aulast=Winer&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scripting.com%2Fdavenet%2F1998%2F05%2F12%2FrhapsodyCancelled.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLettice1998" class="citation web cs1">Lettice, John (November 5, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/1998/11/05/who_killed_apples_rhapsody/">"Who killed Apple's Rhapsody?"</a>. <i>The Register</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325170103/https://www.theregister.com/1998/11/05/who_killed_apples_rhapsody/">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Who+killed+Apple%27s+Rhapsody%3F&rft.date=1998-11-05&rft.aulast=Lettice&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F1998%2F11%2F05%2Fwho_killed_apples_rhapsody%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh200631-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200631_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh200631_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2006">Singh 2006</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeale1998" class="citation magazine cs1">Beale, Stephen (September 1998). "Jobs Touts Apple Comeback in Expo Keynote". <i><a href="/wiki/Macworld" title="Macworld">Macworld</a></i>. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=Jobs+Touts+Apple+Comeback+in+Expo+Keynote&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1998-09&rft.aulast=Beale&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB876767285765765500">"Apple Ships Early Version Of Rhapsody, Cuts Prices"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. October 13, 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205234418/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB876767285765765500">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Apple+Ships+Early+Version+Of+Rhapsody%2C+Cuts+Prices&rft.date=1997-10-13&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB876767285765765500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB878592048724754000">"Apple Computer Says It Plans To Cut Number of Distributors"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. November 4, 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205234411/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB878592048724754000">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Apple+Computer+Says+It+Plans+To+Cut+Number+of+Distributors&rft.date=1997-11-04&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB878592048724754000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015373–374-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlenderTetzeli2015373–374_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchlenderTetzeli2015">Schlender & Tetzeli 2015</a>, pp. 373–374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnell2006" class="citation web cs1">Snell, Jason (January 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macworld.com/article/178446/intelfaq2006.html">"Chip Story: The Intel Mac FAQ, 2006 edition"</a>. <i>Macworld</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219193806/https://www.macworld.com/article/178446/intelfaq2006.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=Chip+Story%3A+The+Intel+Mac+FAQ%2C+2006+edition&rft.date=2006-01-11&rft.aulast=Snell&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F178446%2Fintelfaq2006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawcomputing.net/rhapsody/system/rhapsody_media/rhap_ver_1.html">"Rhapsody Media - Identifying what media you have"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702050942/http://www.shawcomputing.net/rhapsody/system/rhapsody_media/rhap_ver_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rhapsody+Media+-+Identifying+what+media+you+have&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shawcomputing.net%2Frhapsody%2Fsystem%2Frhapsody_media%2Frhap_ver_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhapsodyos.org/misc/rhap_timeline/Rhapsody_Timeline_1.html">"Rhapsody Timeline"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181015092117/http://www.rhapsodyos.org/misc/rhap_timeline/Rhapsody_Timeline_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rhapsody+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhapsodyos.org%2Fmisc%2Frhap_timeline%2FRhapsody_Timeline_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeiler1997" class="citation book cs1">Feiler, Jesse (1997). <i>Rhapsody Developer's Guide</i>. <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">AP Professional</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780122513343" title="Special:BookSources/9780122513343"><bdi>9780122513343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rhapsody+Developer%27s+Guide&rft.pub=AP+Professional&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780122513343&rft.aulast=Feiler&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinzmayer2004" class="citation book cs1">Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004). <i>Apple Confidential 2.0</i>. <a href="/wiki/No_Starch_Press" title="No Starch Press">No Starch Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59327-010-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-59327-010-0"><bdi>1-59327-010-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apple+Confidential+2.0&rft.pub=No+Starch+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-59327-010-0&rft.aulast=Linzmayer&rft.aufirst=Owen+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlenderTetzeli2015" class="citation book cs1">Schlender, Brent; Tetzeli, Rick (March 24, 2015). <a href="/wiki/Becoming_Steve_Jobs" title="Becoming Steve Jobs"><i>Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader</i></a>. Crown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-34741-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-34741-9"><bdi>978-0-385-34741-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Steve+Jobs%3A+The+Evolution+of+a+Reckless+Upstart+into+a+Visionary+Leader&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft.isbn=978-0-385-34741-9&rft.aulast=Schlender&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft.au=Tetzeli%2C+Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2006" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Amit (June 19, 2006). <i>Mac OS X Internals: A Systems Approach</i>. Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-270226-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-270226-3"><bdi>978-0-13-270226-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mac+OS+X+Internals%3A+A+Systems+Approach&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=2006-06-19&rft.isbn=978-0-13-270226-3&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Amit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawcomputing.net/rhapsody/home.html">Shaw's Rhapsody Resource Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toastytech.com/guis/rhap.html">Toastytech GUI Gallery</a> — Screenshots of Rhapsody Developer Release 2</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidebookgallery.org/screenshots/rhapsodydr2">GUIdebook > Screenshots > Rhapsody DR2</a> — Screenshots of Rhapsody (Intel version) and its components.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.com/Apple+shows+off+Rhapsody+OS/2100-1001_3-203615.html">"Apple shows off Rhapsody OS"</a> — An article written shortly after Apple first demonstrated Rhapsody.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070225043831/http://www.macguild.org/rhapsody.html">"Overall summary on Apple Rhapsody: A User Overview"</a> — An overview of Rhapsody's technologies.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osdata.com/oses/rhapsody.htm">"Rhapsody" at OSData.com</a> — Technical specifications on the operating system.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.docstoc.com/docs/14884149/Apple-Rhapsody-Blue-Box">First Impressions On Apple Rhapsody Blue Box, Beta Version 1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.tidbits.com/article/2179">TidBITS: Yellow Box, Blue Box, Rhapsody & WWDC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/RDM.Tech.Q1.07/4B800F78-0F75-455A-9681-F186A4365805.html">Cocoa and the Death of Yellow Box and Rhapsody</a>, By Daniel Eran Dilger, 2007-02-19, RoughlyDrafted</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operating_systems_by_Apple" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_operating_systems" title="Template:Apple operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Apple operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Operating_systems_by_Apple" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Operating systems by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">ProDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_GS/OS" title="Apple GS/OS">GS/OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">SOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa#Software" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacWorks_XL" title="MacWorks XL">MacWorks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_operating_systems" title="Mac operating systems">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_1" title="System 1">System 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS#System_1,_2,_3,_and_4" title="Classic Mac OS">Systems 2, 3, and 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS#System_Software_5" title="Classic Mac OS">System 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_6" title="System 6">System 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8" title="Mac OS 8">Mac OS 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_9" title="Mac OS 9">Mac OS 9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OpenStep</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhapsody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li></ul></li> <li>Core <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Desktop <ul><li>Mac OS X <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 (Cheetah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.1" title="Mac OS X 10.1">10.1 (Puma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">10.2 Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">10.3 Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5 Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Lion">10.7 Lion</a></li></ul></li> <li>OS X <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">10.8 Mountain Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9 Mavericks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11 El Capitan</a></li></ul></li> <li>macOS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">10.12 Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13 High Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">11 Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14 Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">15 Sequoia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Mac OS X Server 1.0</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shipped <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A/ROSE" title="A/ROSE">A/ROSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A/UX" title="A/UX">A/UX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIX_for_Apple_Network_Servers" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX for Apple Network Servers">AIX for Apple Network Servers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Application_Environment" title="Macintosh Application Environment">MAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MkLinux" title="MkLinux">MkLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerOpen_Environment" title="PowerOpen Environment">PowerOpen Environment</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cancelled <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_project" title="Star Trek project">Star Trek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nukernel" title="Nukernel">Nukernel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(microkernel)" title="Vanguard (microkernel)">Vanguard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>iPhone OS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_1" title="IPhone OS 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_2" title="IPhone OS 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_3" title="IPhone OS 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li>iOS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_4" title="IOS 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_5" title="IOS 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_6" title="IOS 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_8" title="IOS 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_9" title="IOS 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_10" title="IOS 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_12" title="IOS 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_13" title="IOS 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_14" title="IOS 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_15" title="IOS 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_16" title="IOS 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_17" title="IOS 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_18" title="IOS 18">18</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_13" title="IPadOS 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_14" title="IPadOS 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_15" title="IPadOS 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_16" title="IPadOS 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_17" title="IPadOS 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_18" title="IPadOS 18">18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV#Software" title="Apple TV">Apple TV Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_iTunes#Devices" title="History of iTunes">iPod software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">List</a> • <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._operating_systems" title="Category:Apple Inc. operating systems">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Darwin-derived_operating_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Darwin_derivations" title="Template:Darwin derivations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Darwin_derivations" title="Template talk:Darwin derivations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Darwin_derivations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Darwin derivations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Darwin-derived_operating_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)#Derived_projects" title="Darwin (operating system)">derived</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_operating_systems" title="Mac operating systems">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mach_(kernel)" title="Mach (kernel)">Mach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OpenStep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNUstep" title="GNUstep">GNUstep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhapsody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mac OS X <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 (Cheetah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.1" title="Mac OS X 10.1">10.1 (Puma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">10.2 Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">10.3 Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5 Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Lion">10.7 Lion</a></li></ul></li> <li>OS X <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9 Mavericks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11 El Capitan</a></li></ul></li> <li>macOS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">macOS 10.12 Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13 High Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">11 Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14 Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">15 Sequoia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server" title="Mac OS X Server">Mac OS X<br />Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">1.0 (Hera)</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhapsody</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_10.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.0">10.0 (Cheetah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_10.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.1">10.1 (Puma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_10.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.2">10.2 (Jaguar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_10.3" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.3">10.3 (Panther)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_10.4" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.4">10.4 (Tiger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_10.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.5">10.5 Leopard Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_10.6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server 10.6">10.6 Snow Leopard Server</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple TV Software">TV Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_Software_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple TV Software 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_Software_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple TV Software 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_Software_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple TV Software 3">3</a></li> <li>Forks from iOS with 4</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>iPhone OS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_1" title="IPhone OS 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_2" title="IPhone OS 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_3" title="IPhone OS 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li>iOS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_4" title="IOS 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_5" title="IOS 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_6" title="IOS 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_8" title="IOS 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_9" title="IOS 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_10" title="IOS 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_12" title="IOS 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_13" title="IOS 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_14" title="IOS 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_15" title="IOS 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_16" title="IOS 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_17" title="IOS 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_18" title="IOS 18">18</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>TV Software <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_Software_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple TV Software 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_Software_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple TV Software 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_Software_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple TV Software 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_Software_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple TV Software 7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li>tvOS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_9" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_10" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_11" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_12" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_13" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_14" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_15" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_16" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_17" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_18" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 18">18</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="audioOS" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AudioOS_13" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS 13">13.4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AudioOS_14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AudioOS 14 (page does not exist)">14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AudioOS_15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AudioOS 15 (page does not exist)">15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AudioOS_16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AudioOS 16 (page does not exist)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AudioOS_17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AudioOS 17 (page does not exist)">17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AudioOS_18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AudioOS 18 (page does not exist)">18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_1" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_2" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_3" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_4" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_5" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_6" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_7" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_8" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_9" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_10" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_11" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS 11">11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="bridgeOS" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS_1" class="mw-redirect" title="BridgeOS 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS_2" class="mw-redirect" title="BridgeOS 2">2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AudioOS_11" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AudioOS_12" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AudioOS_13" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS 13">13</a></li> <li>Forks from tvOS with 13.4</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_13" title="IPadOS 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_14" title="IPadOS 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_15" title="IPadOS 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_16" title="IPadOS 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_17" title="IPadOS 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_18" title="IPadOS 18">18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="visionOS" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS_1" class="mw-redirect" title="VisionOS 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS_2" class="mw-redirect" title="VisionOS 2">2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Apple<br />distributions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenDarwin" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDarwin">OpenDarwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureDarwin" class="mw-redirect" title="PureDarwin">PureDarwin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">macOS version history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Server version history">Mac OS X Server version history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS version history">tvOS version history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_version_history" title="IOS version history">iOS version history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_version_history" title="IPadOS version history">iPadOS version history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchOS version history">watchOS version history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AudioOS_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS version history">audioOS version history</a><br /><i>Italics</i> denote upcoming products</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unix_and_Unix-like_operating_systems_and_compatibility_layers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unix" title="Template:Unix"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unix" title="Template talk:Unix"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unix" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unix"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unix_and_Unix-like_operating_systems_and_compatibility_layers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compatibility_layer" title="Compatibility layer">compatibility layers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unix_architecture" title="Unix architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_filesystem" title="Unix filesystem">Filesystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Unix" title="History of Unix">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_philosophy" title="Unix philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_security" title="Unix security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Shell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating<br />systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a></b></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/386BSD" title="386BSD">386BSD</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DYNIX" title="DYNIX">DYNIX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SunOS" title="SunOS">SunOS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultrix" title="Ultrix">Ultrix</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux">SUSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions" title="List of Linux distributions">Other distributions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><b><a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_V" title="UNIX System V">System V</a></b></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A/UX" title="A/UX">A/UX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">AIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenServer" title="OpenServer">OpenServer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Solaris</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">Illumos</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tru64_UNIX" title="Tru64 UNIX">Tru64 UNIX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UnixWare" title="UnixWare">UnixWare</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coherent_(operating_system)" title="Coherent (operating system)">Coherent</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain/OS" title="Domain/OS">Domain/OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">Hurd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LynxOS" title="LynxOS">LynxOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minix" title="Minix">Minix</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MOS_(operating_system)" title="MOS (operating system)">MOS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OSF/1" title="OSF/1">OSF/1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Research_Unix" title="Research Unix">Research Unix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SerenityOS" title="SerenityOS">SerenityOS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unix_systems" title="List of Unix systems">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_layer" title="Compatibility layer">Compatibility<br />layers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cygwin" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darling_(software)" title="Darling (software)">Darling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eunice_(software)" title="Eunice (software)">Eunice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OpenVMS#Cross_platform_compatibility" title="OpenVMS">GNV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MachTen" title="MachTen">MachTen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">Microsoft POSIX subsystem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MKS_Toolkit" title="MKS Toolkit">MKS Toolkit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IBM_i#PASE" title="IBM i">PASE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P.I.P.S." title="P.I.P.S.">P.I.P.S.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PWS/VSE-AF" class="mw-redirect" title="PWS/VSE-AF">PWS/VSE-AF</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_Services" title="UNIX System Services">UNIX System Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UserLAnd_Technologies" title="UserLAnd Technologies">UserLAnd Technologies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windows_Services_for_UNIX" title="Windows Services for UNIX">Windows Services for UNIX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate discontinued systems. <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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