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T.J.</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M.E._v._T.J.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developments_after_legalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developments_after_legalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Developments after legalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developments_after_legalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Codification_in_state_statutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Codification_in_state_statutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Codification in state statutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Codification_in_state_statutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_exemption_for_magistrates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Public opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="margin-top: 0.2em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_rights" title="Category:LGBTQ rights">LGBTQ rights series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding: 0;"><div style="background:#E6E6FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;margin:0.2em 0;white-space:unset!important;"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Legal status of same-sex marriage">Legal status of<br />same-sex unions</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Marriage</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Andorra" title="Same-sex marriage in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Argentina" title="Same-sex marriage in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Australia" title="Same-sex marriage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Austria" title="Same-sex marriage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Belgium" title="Same-sex marriage in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil" title="Same-sex marriage in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada" title="Same-sex marriage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Chile" title="Same-sex marriage in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Colombia" title="Same-sex marriage in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Costa_Rica" title="Same-sex marriage in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Cuba" title="Same-sex marriage in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark" title="Same-sex marriage in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Ecuador" title="Same-sex marriage in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Estonia" title="Same-sex marriage in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Finland" title="Same-sex marriage in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_France" title="Same-sex marriage in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany" title="Same-sex marriage in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Greece" title="Same-sex marriage in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Iceland" title="Same-sex marriage in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Same-sex marriage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a><sup id="cite_ref-notyet_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notyet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Luxembourg" title="Same-sex marriage in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Malta" title="Same-sex marriage in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Mexico" title="Same-sex marriage in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a><sup id="cite_ref-kon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Zealand" title="Same-sex marriage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Norway" title="Same-sex marriage in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Portugal" title="Same-sex marriage in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Slovenia" title="Same-sex marriage in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Africa" title="Same-sex marriage in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain" title="Same-sex marriage in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Sweden" title="Same-sex marriage in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Switzerland" title="Same-sex marriage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Taiwan" title="Same-sex marriage in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Thailand" title="Same-sex marriage in Thailand">Thailand</a><sup id="cite_ref-notyet_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notyet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-usa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Uruguay" title="Same-sex marriage in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></div> <p><b>Recognized</b> </p> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Israel">Israel</a><sup id="cite_ref-israel_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-israel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>v<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>United States:<sup id="cite_ref-usa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">Civil unions</a> or registered partnerships but not marriage</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bolivia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Croatia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hungary" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Italy" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Latvia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Latvia">Latvia</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Monaco" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Montenegro" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_San_Marino" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_partnership_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Civil partnership in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bermuda" title="Same-sex marriage in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div>  </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Unregistered_cohabitation" title="Unregistered cohabitation">Minimal recognition</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bulgaria" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cambodia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cambodia">Cambodia</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>viii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ix<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_India" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in India">India</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>x<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Japan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan">Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Lithuania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Lithuania">Lithuania</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> </td> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Namibia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Namibia">Namibia</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Nepal" title="Same-sex marriage in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li>Netherlands:<sup id="cite_ref-kon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Poland" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Poland">Poland</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Romania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Romania">Romania</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xiii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Slovakia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Slovakia">Slovakia</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div>  </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_union_legislation" title="Same-sex union legislation">Same-sex union legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_union_court_cases" title="Same-sex union court cases">Same-sex union court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline of same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Africa" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa">Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia">Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Europe" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe">Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Americas" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas">Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Oceania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania">Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_privatization" title="Marriage privatization">Marriage privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_of_same-sex_couples" title="Divorce of same-sex couples">Divorce of same-sex couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership" title="Domestic partnership">Domestic partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_unions_and_military_policy" title="Same-sex unions and military policy">Military policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marriage,_unions_and_partnerships_by_country" title="Category:Marriage, unions and partnerships by country">Listings by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">LGBTQ rights by country or territory</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Notes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kon_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kon_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bonaire,_Sint_Eustatius_and_Saba" title="Same-sex marriage in Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba">Caribbean Netherlands</a>), as well as in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Aruba and Curaçao</a>. May be registered in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neither performed nor recognized in <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neither performed nor recognized in six <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usa_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usa_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neither performed nor recognized in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_tribal_nations_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States">some tribal nations</a>. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-israel-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-israel_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><a href="/wiki/Coman_v._Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Coman v. Romania">Coman v. Romania</a></i> ruling of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of <a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">EU citizens</a>. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Courts have recognised <i><a href="/wiki/Guru%E2%80%93shishya_tradition" title="Guru–shishya tradition">guru–shishya</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nata_pratha" title="Nata pratha">nata pratha</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Maitri_karar" title="Maitri karar">maitri karar</a></i>–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some cities and prefectures issue <a href="/wiki/Partnership_oath_in_Japan" title="Partnership oath in Japan">partnership certificates</a>, but they are not legally binding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-notyet-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-notyet_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notyet_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not yet in effect.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top: none;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/16px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/24px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/32px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Same-sex_unions" title="Template:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Same-sex_unions" title="Template talk:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex_unions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a> has been legally recognized in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> since October 10, 2014, when a U.S. District Court judge ruled in <i><a href="#General_Synod_of_the_United_Church_of_Christ_v._Cooper">General Synod of the United Church of Christ v. Cooper</a></i> that the state's denial of marriage rights to same-sex couples was unconstitutional. Governor <a href="/wiki/Pat_McCrory" title="Pat McCrory">Pat McCrory</a> and Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Roy_Cooper" title="Roy Cooper">Roy Cooper</a> had acknowledged that a recent ruling in the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Fourth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Fourth Circuit">Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>'s decision not to hear an appeal in that case established the unconstitutionality of North Carolina's ban on same-sex marriage. State legislators sought without success to intervene in lawsuits to defend the state's ban on same-sex marriage. North Carolina was the 28th <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> to legalize same-sex marriage. </p><p>North Carolina had previously denied marriage rights to same-sex couples by <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statute</a> since 1996. A <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Amendment_1" title="North Carolina Amendment 1">state constitutional amendment</a> that was approved in 2012 reinforced that by defining <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a> between a man and a woman as the only valid "domestic legal union" in the state and denying recognition to any similar legal status, such as <a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">civil unions</a>. The defunct amendment remains in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Carolina" title="Constitution of North Carolina">North Carolina Constitution</a>. It can only be repealed with another amendment that must be passed by both chambers of the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="North Carolina General Assembly">North Carolina General Assembly</a> with a three-fifths vote and receive approval by a majority of voters in a referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 12, 2017, same-sex marriage was <a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">codified</a> in state statutes regarding <a href="/wiki/Statutory_interpretation" title="Statutory interpretation">statutory construction</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_history">Legal history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legal history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statutes">Statutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Statutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Prenuptial_agreement" title="Prenuptial agreement">Prenuptial agreements</a> for same-sex couples are codified in North Carolina state statutes and state judicial <a href="/wiki/Legal_precedent" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal precedent">legal precedent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statutes also cover terminations in post-separation support or <a href="/wiki/Alimony" title="Alimony">alimony</a> when a dependent same-sex spouse engages in <a href="/wiki/Cohabitation_in_the_United_States" title="Cohabitation in the United States">cohabitation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 11, 1995, the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="North Carolina House of Representatives">North Carolina House of Representatives</a> passed <i>House Bill 270</i>, a bill that added to statutes pertaining to alimony that "if a dependent spouse that receives postseparation support or alimony from a supporting spouse under a judgment or order of a North Carolina court remarries or engages in cohabitation, the postseparation support or alimony shall terminate." Cohabitation was defined as "the act of two adults dwelling together continuously and habitually in a private heterosexual relationship, even if this relationship is not solemnized by marriage, or a private homosexual relationship." The <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina State Senate">Senate</a> passed the legislation on June 14, 1995. The bill was ratified by Governor <a href="/wiki/Jim_Hunt" title="Jim Hunt">Jim Hunt</a> on June 21, and came into force on October 1, 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 18, 1996, the State Senate passed a bill banning <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> and the recognition of same-sex marriages performed out of state by a vote of 41–4. That same day, the House of Representatives voted 98–10 in favor of the bill. It was ratified by Governor Hunt, and went into effect on June 20, 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitution">Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 2004 and 2011, bills were introduced every year in the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="North Carolina General Assembly">North Carolina General Assembly</a> to implement a legislatively-referred constitutional amendment prohibiting same-sex marriage in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Carolina" title="Constitution of North Carolina">North Carolina Constitution</a>. Until 2011, all those bills died in committee without a vote. After the <a href="/wiki/2010_North_Carolina_elections#State" title="2010 North Carolina elections">2010 elections</a>, Republicans gained control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate for the first time since 1870. On September 12, 2011, <i>Senate Bill 514</i>, a legislatively-referred constitutional amendment to prohibit same-sex marriage and any "domestic legal union", passed the House by a vote of 75–42.<sup id="cite_ref-amendment_pass_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amendment_pass-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Senate_Bill_514_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senate_Bill_514-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill passed the three-fifths threshold (72 votes) in the House with the support of 10 Democrats. Authors of the amendment decided to place it on the May 2012 primary ballot rather than the November 2012 general election ballot. According to reporter <a href="/wiki/Kim_Severson" title="Kim Severson">Kim Severson</a>, the change from the November to the May ballot was made due to the fact that <a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican presidential primaries</a> would be held that same date, ensuring a high voter turnout for Republicans, a group of voters traditionally opposed to same-sex marriage. On September 13, the Senate voted 30–16 in favor of the measure.<sup id="cite_ref-Senate_Bill_514_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senate_Bill_514-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 8, 2012, North Carolina voters approved <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Amendment_1" title="North Carolina Amendment 1">Amendment 1</a> by a vote of 61.04% to 38.96%.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amendment added to Section XIV of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Carolina" title="Constitution of North Carolina">Constitution of North Carolina</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Marriage between one man and one woman is the only domestic legal union that shall be valid or recognized in this State. This section does not prohibit a private party from entering into contracts with another private party; nor does this section prohibit courts from adjudicating the rights of private parties pursuant to such contracts.</p></blockquote> <p>North Carolina was the 30th <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a>, and the last in the Southeastern United States, to adopt a constitutional amendment defining marriage so as to exclude same-sex couples.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The amendment took effect on May 23, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 10, 2014, it was ruled unconstitutional in <i><a href="#General_Synod_of_the_United_Church_of_Christ_v._Cooper">General Synod of the United Church of Christ v. Cooper</a></i>. However, the defunct <a href="/wiki/Unconstitutional_constitutional_amendment" title="Unconstitutional constitutional amendment">unconstitutional constitutional amendment</a> remains on the books. In order for it to be repealed, another amendment would require approval by a three-fifths vote in the House of Representatives and the Senate, and majority approval from voters in a referendum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawsuits">Lawsuits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lawsuits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mullinax_v._Covington"><i>Mullinax v. Covington</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mullinax v. Covington"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 22, 2004, Richard Mullinax and Perry Pike, a same-sex couple from <a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham</a>, filed suit against county officials, arguing that the county must issue them a <a href="/wiki/Marriage_license" title="Marriage license">marriage license</a>, even though state law forbade same-sex marriage. County officials filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. The case was heard and dismissed without <a href="/wiki/Prejudice_(legal_term)" title="Prejudice (legal term)">prejudice</a> on May 10, 2004, by a district court judge.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fisher-Borne_v._Smith_and_Gerber_v._Cooper"><i>Fisher-Borne v. Smith</i> and <i>Gerber v. Cooper</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fisher-Borne v. Smith and Gerber v. Cooper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 13, 2012, six same-sex couples filed a federal <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuit</a>, <i>Fisher-Borne v. Smith</i>, that initially sought the right to obtain <a href="/wiki/Second-parent_adoption" title="Second-parent adoption">stepchild adoptions</a>. In July 2013, following the June <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> decision in <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Windsor" title="United States v. Windsor">United States v. Windsor</a></i>, they amended their suit to challenge the constitutionality of the state's denial of marriage rights to same-sex couples.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were represented by the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (ACLU) and private attorneys. Briefing was completed on August 13, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-lambdalegal_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lambdalegal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three same-sex couples filed <i>Gerber v. Cooper</i> in federal court in April 2014 seeking North Carolina's recognition of their marriages, which were established in other jurisdictions. They were represented by the ACLU and private attorneys. Briefing was completed on August 13, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-lambdalegal_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lambdalegal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proceedings in both cases were <a href="/wiki/Stay_of_proceedings" title="Stay of proceedings">stayed</a> pending the outcome of a <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> case, <i><a href="/wiki/Bostic_v._Schaefer" title="Bostic v. Schaefer">Bostic v. Schaefer</a></i>. The U.S. Supreme Court declined the <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeal</a> in that case on October 6, 2014, leaving the Fourth Circuit's decision, which found Virginia's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional, as binding <a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">precedent</a> on courts in North Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 28, after the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals</a>' ruling in <i>Bostic</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of North Carolina">North Carolina Attorney General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Cooper" title="Roy Cooper">Roy Cooper</a>, had announced that he would no longer defend the state's ban on same-sex marriage. He said that because all judges in North Carolina were bound by the Fourth Circuit's precedent, "today we know our law will almost surely be overturned as well. Simply put, it's time to stop making arguments we will lose and instead move forward knowing the ultimate resolution will likely come from the United States Supreme Court."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 8, 2014, Judge <a href="/wiki/William_Lindsay_Osteen_Jr." title="William Lindsay Osteen Jr.">William Osteen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina">U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina</a> lifted those stays and invited plaintiffs' attorneys to present the court with a motion to rule North Carolina's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plaintiffs in both cases filed a joint motion asking the court to issue such an order. They modeled their suggested language on the order issued in <i>Bostic</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 9, two leaders of the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="North Carolina General Assembly">North Carolina General Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thom_Tillis" title="Thom Tillis">Thom Tillis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_North_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Berger_(politician)" title="Phil Berger (politician)">Phil Berger</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_North_Carolina_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the North Carolina Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a>, asked to be allowed to <a href="/wiki/Intervention_(law)" title="Intervention (law)">intervene</a> to defend the state's ban.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their filing said: "This intervention is about ensuring that the choice made by North Carolina voters receives its day in Court." They contended that "because <i>Bostic</i> was based in part on outcome-determinative concessions made by the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Virginia" title="Attorney General of Virginia">Virginia Attorney General</a> that have not been made in this litigation, <i>Bostic</i> does not control." If the district court determined that <i>Bostic</i> controlled the decision in these cases, they proposed to pursue appeals of that judgment to the Fourth Circuit, the Fourth Circuit <i><a href="/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc">en banc</a></i>, and the U.S. Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 14, Judge Osteen allowed them to intervene solely to preserve their right to <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ruled for the plaintiffs the same day. He found <i>Bostic</i> controlling since North Carolina's and Virginia's bans were virtually identical, held North Carolina's ban unconstitutional, and enjoined the state from enforcing its ban on same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 16, the Fourth Circuit consolidated these cases and put proceedings on hold pending action by the U.S. Supreme Court on <i><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a></i> petitions in <i><a href="/wiki/Obergefell_v._Hodges" title="Obergefell v. Hodges">Obergefell v. Hodges</a></i> and related cases. On January 14, 2015, Berger and Tillis petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to review the case without waiting for review by the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Supreme Court ruled on June 26, 2015, that state same-sex marriage bans violate the <a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due Process</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause" title="Equal Protection Clause">Equal Protection</a> clauses of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a>. The decision legalized same-sex marriage nationwide in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_North_Carolina" title="Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina">Lieutenant Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Forest" title="Dan Forest">Dan Forest</a> condemned the court ruling, saying, "The power grab by a majority of the Supreme Court is a full-on assault on the founding principles of democratic process, federalism, separation of powers, the voice of the people and judicial restraint." <a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Burbidge" title="Michael Francis Burbidge">Michael Francis Burbidge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Raleigh" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Raleigh">Roman Catholic Bishop of Raleigh</a>, said, "The true definition of marriage cannot be redefined by courts. It remains the permanent union of one man and one woman, oriented to the procreation and raising of children. The Catholic Church, along with many other Christian and religious traditions, will continue our work with regard to this true definition of marriage and to strengthen the moral basis for all such relationships." The ACLU issued the following statement, "The Supreme Court today welcomed same-sex couples fully into the American family. Gay and lesbian couples and our families may be at peace knowing that our simple request to be treated like everyone else – that is, to be able to participate in the dignity of marriage – has finally been granted. Today's historic victory comes on the backs of same-sex couples and advocates who have worked for decades to dismantle harmful stereotypes and unjust laws in the quest for equal treatment." State Representative <a href="/wiki/Larry_Hall_(politician)" title="Larry Hall (politician)">Larry Hall</a> called it a "victory for equality", and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina" title="List of mayors of Chapel Hill, North Carolina">Mayor of Chapel Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Kleinschmidt_(politician)" title="Mark Kleinschmidt (politician)">Mark Kleinschmidt</a>, called it "a great day for all Americans and for the promise of our democracy". <a href="/wiki/David_Price_(American_politician)" title="David Price (American politician)">David Price</a>, representing <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="North Carolina's 4th congressional district">North Carolina's 4th congressional district</a>, said, "I join many of my constituents, some of whom have been waiting for this moment for a long time, in celebrating today's Supreme Court decision, which continues the remarkable progress we have made as a country toward equal rights for all Americans, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. I am reminded this morning of the landmark cases of the Civil Rights era, when justice finally won out over long-standing prejudice."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_Synod_of_the_United_Church_of_Christ_v._Cooper"><i>General Synod of the United Church of Christ v. Cooper</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: General Synod of the United Church of Christ v. Cooper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 28, 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a>, joined by a coalition of <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalists</a>, filed a lawsuit,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arguing that North Carolina's statute that made it a crime to preside at the solemnization of the marriage of a couple that lacked a valid state marriage license unconstitutionally restricted <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">religious freedom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 3, 2014, additional national religious denominations and clergy were added as plaintiffs, including the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Baptists" title="Alliance of Baptists">Alliance of Baptists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Welcoming_and_Affirming_Baptists" title="Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists">Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Conference_of_American_Rabbis" title="Central Conference of American Rabbis">Central Conference of American Rabbis</a> in addition to <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> and Baptist clergy.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Reverend Nancy Petty of the <a href="/wiki/Pullen_Memorial_Baptist_Church" title="Pullen Memorial Baptist Church">Pullen Memorial Baptist Church</a>, a plaintiff in the case, said, "By preventing our same-sex congregants from forming their own families, the North Carolina ban on same-sex marriage burdens my ability and the ability of my congregation to form a faith community of our choosing consistent with the principles of our faith." Reverend Nancy Allison, a pastor of the Holy Covenant United Church of Christ and another plaintiff, said, "North Carolina judges some of its citizens as unfit for the blessings of God. We reject that notion. […] The sacraments of baptism and communion are open to all. So should all God's children be able to receive marriage." A spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Charlotte" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte">Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte</a> condemned the lawsuit, saying "This lawsuit does not change the fact that God created men and women differently. The fruits of that difference are marriage and the continuance of the human race through children." Tami Fitzgerald, executive director of the North Carolina Values Coalition, a group that opposes same-sex marriage, said, "[I]t's both ironic and sad that an entire religious denomination and its clergy who purport holding to Christian teachings on marriage would look to the courts to justify their errant beliefs. These individuals are simply revisionists that distort the teaching of Scripture to justify sexual revolution, not marital sanctity." Paul Gallant, a commentator for <i><a href="/wiki/The_News_%26_Observer" title="The News & Observer">The News & Observer</a></i>, issued the following statement, "I find it interesting that right-wing Christians pushed this into law because [same-sex marriage is] ... against their religious beliefs and now left-wing Christians say the law violates their Christian beliefs. How about we leave marriage up to individuals and leave the government out of it? Less government! You would think right wingers would be all for this."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 7, the plaintiffs asked for an immediate <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunction</a> against the state, citing the Fourth Circuit's ruling in <i>Bostic</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 10, Judge <a href="/wiki/Max_O._Cogburn,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Max O. Cogburn, Jr.">Max O. Cogburn, Jr.</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina">U.S. District Court for the Western District of North Carolina</a> denied a request by leaders of the General Assembly to be allowed to intervene to defend the state's ban and ruled the state's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The issue before this court is neither a political issue nor a moral issue. It is legal issue, and it is clear as a matter of what is now settled law in the Fourth Circuit that North Carolina laws prohibiting same-sex marriage, refusing to recognize same-sex marriages originating elsewhere, and/or threatening to penalize those who would solemnize such marriages, are unconstitutional."</p></blockquote> <p>The decision legalized same-sex marriage in North Carolina with immediate effect. The first same-sex couple to marry in the state were Chad Biggs and Chris Creech in <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a> on Friday, October 10.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chris Sgro, executive director of <a href="/wiki/Equality_North_Carolina" title="Equality North Carolina">Equality North Carolina</a>, said "Today's ruling allowing loving, same-sex couples to marry across North Carolina is a historic moment for our state. With it, we celebrate with so many North Carolinians who have worked tirelessly over decades to change hearts, minds, and unequal laws in the state we call home. Love won and the barriers to it are done."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina" title="Governor of North Carolina">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Pat_McCrory" title="Pat McCrory">Pat McCrory</a> said "[his] administration is moving forward with the execution of the court's ruling." In Raleigh, <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro</a>, county offices stayed open late to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a> said it would open its office on Monday, October 13. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="M.E._v._T.J."><i>M.E. v. T.J.</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: M.E. v. T.J."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2021, the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Court_of_Appeals" title="North Carolina Court of Appeals">North Carolina Court of Appeals</a> ruled in <i>M.E. v. T.J.</i> that the statute preventing judges from granting <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a> protections to people in same-sex relationships was unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruling was upheld by the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Supreme_Court" title="North Carolina Supreme Court">North Carolina Supreme Court</a> on March 11, 2022. North Carolina was the last remaining state in the country to deny certain domestic violence protections to same-sex partners.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developments_after_legalization">Developments after legalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Developments after legalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Codification_in_state_statutes">Codification in state statutes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Codification in state statutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to abide by the legal precedent in <i>General Synod of the United Church of Christ</i>, <i>HB 229</i>, a bill to make technical corrections to state statutes as recommended by the General Statutes Commission was introduced to the General Assembly. The bill would amend the statute governing <a href="/wiki/Statutory_interpretation" title="Statutory interpretation">statutory construction</a> to define the terms "husband and wife", "wife and husband", "man and wife", "woman and husband", "husband or wife", "wife or husband", "man or wife", "woman or husband", or "other terms suggesting two individuals who are then lawfully married to each other" as including "any two individuals who are then lawfully married to each other". The Senate passed the bill by a vote of 45 to 2 on June 26, 2017. The bill passed the House of Representatives by 116 votes to 1 the following day. It was signed into law by Governor McCrory on July 12, 2017, and went into effect that same day.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 7, 2019, <i>SB 595</i>, a bill to codify property laws such as <a href="/wiki/Tenancy_by_the_entirety" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenancy by the entirety">tenancy by the entirety</a>, on the recommendations of the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Bar_Association" title="North Carolina Bar Association">North Carolina Bar Association</a>, was introduced to the General Assembly. The bill would define "spouses" as "two individuals then legally married to each other" and replace the term "husband and wife" with "spouses". The bill passed the House on June 16, 2020, and the Senate on June 18 by 47 votes to 0. It was signed into law by Governor <a href="/wiki/Roy_Cooper" title="Roy Cooper">Roy Cooper</a> on June 30, 2020, and went into effect that same day.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 5, 2023, <i>SB 112</i>, a bill to make technical corrections to the statutes concerning alimony and distribution of marital and divisible property in <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a> proceedings, replacing the term "husband or wife" with "one or both spouses", passed the Senate by a vote of 50–0.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religious_exemption_for_magistrates">Religious exemption for magistrates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religious exemption for magistrates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Senate_Bill_2_(North_Carolina_General_Assembly,_2015_Session)" title="Senate Bill 2 (North Carolina General Assembly, 2015 Session)">Senate Bill 2 (North Carolina General Assembly, 2015 Session)</a></div> <p>When the decision in <i>General Synod</i> took effect, state officials announced that judges were required to preside at marriage ceremonies for same-sex couples just as they would at those for different-sex couples and that a judge could not claim an exemption on religious grounds. By early November, six judges had resigned citing religious objections. A group of <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Republican_Party" title="North Carolina Republican Party">Republican</a> legislators led by Senate President Phil Berger announced plans to sponsor legislation creating a religious exemption for state magistrates who object to participating at same-sex weddings on religious grounds. Such legislation passed the General Assembly in May 2015, though was vetoed by Governor McCrory. On June 3, 2015, the Senate successfully overrode McCrory's veto by a vote of 32–16, reaching the three-fifths majority needed for overriding a veto in the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An override vote was held in the House of Representatives on June 11, 2015, achieving the three-fifths majority required by a margin of 69–41. As a result, the measure became law in North Carolina, which is just the second state after <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Utah" title="Same-sex marriage in Utah">Utah</a> to allow for this sort of religious exemption for state magistrates.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A lawsuit arguing that the exemption was unconstitutional was filed in federal court on December 9, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 28, 2017, a three-judge panel of the Fourth Circuit, composed of <a href="/wiki/J._Harvie_Wilkinson_III" title="J. Harvie Wilkinson III">J. Harvie Wilkinson III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Milano_Keenan" title="Barbara Milano Keenan">Barbara Milano Keenan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Thacker" title="Stephanie Thacker">Stephanie Thacker</a>, dismissed the lawsuit because the couples who brought the suit lacked <a href="/wiki/Standing_(law)" title="Standing (law)">standing</a> as none of them had been turned down by a state magistrate. At the time the lawsuit was filed, roughly 5 percent of magistrates were refusing to marry same-sex couples for religious reasons. This included every magistrate in <a href="/wiki/McDowell_County,_North_Carolina" title="McDowell County, North Carolina">McDowell County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attempt_to_pass_unconstitutional_legislation">Attempt to pass unconstitutional legislation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Attempt to pass unconstitutional legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 11, 2017, three Republicans legislators introduced the <i>Uphold Historical Marriage Act</i> to the General Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill sought to reenact the state's same-sex marriage ban, thus being in violation of <i>Obergefell v. Hodges</i>, the U.S. Supreme Court ruling which held that same-sex couples have a nationwide <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_rights" title="Fundamental rights">fundamental right</a> to marry.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill claimed the Supreme Court "overstepped its constitutional bounds". It also quoted the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, saying "the ruling exceeds the authority of the court relative to the decree of Almighty God that a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Governor Cooper subsequently announced his opposition to the bill, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">tweeting</a> "We need more LGBT protections, not fewer." The following day, House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Tim_Moore_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="Tim Moore (North Carolina politician)">Tim Moore</a> denied the bill a hearing, effectively killing it. Moore said that "there are strong constitutional concerns with this legislation given that the U.S. Supreme Court has firmly ruled on the issue."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Native_American_nations">Native American nations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Native American nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Same-sex marriage is not legal on the reservation of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians">Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians</a>. Tribal law specifies that the marriage "between a man and a woman" is recognized if a license is obtained from a register of deeds in their county of residence or the Cherokee Court; however, tribal law also states that all marriages, which have been solemnized according to the laws of North Carolina or any other state or Native American nation, will be given full faith and credit by the tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 11, 2014, a resolution reaffirming the wording was passed, ensuring that marriage ceremonies will not be performed within tribal jurisdiction. Licenses issued to same-sex couples elsewhere continue to be recognized, however.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2021, the Tribal Council voted 8–3 to reject a resolution which would have legalized same-sex marriage on the reservation. The resolution was introduced by Tamara Thompson, a member of the LGBT community. Chelsea Taylor Saunooke, who supported the resolution, said, "She's [her girlfriend] my fiancé. I hope we can get married here. If not. Maybe I can wait for the day to come. But thank you, to those who aren't in support for violating your co-council member's rights."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there are no records of same-sex marriages as understood from a <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> perspective being performed in <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> cultures, there is evidence for identities and behaviours that may be placed on the LGBT spectrum. Many of these cultures recognised <a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">two-spirit</a> individuals who were born male but wore women's clothing and performed everyday household work and artistic handiwork which were regarded as belonging to the feminine sphere. This two-spirit status allowed for marriages between two biological males or two biological females to be performed in some of these tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-lang_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is likely that <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> society had a designation like two-spirit, but a lot of traditional knowledge was lost in the aftermath of colonization and the <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a> for those Cherokee forcibly removed to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>. Among the Cherokee, <span title="Cherokee-language text"><span lang="chr">ᎠᏎᎽ ᎤᏓᏅᏙ</span></span> (<i>asegi udando</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="chr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[àse̋ːgĩ́<span class="wrap"> </span>ùdàntṍ]</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refers to people who either fall outside of men's and women's roles or who occupy both men's and women's roles.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lang_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics_and_marriage_statistics">Demographics and marriage statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics and marriage statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Data from the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000 U.S. census</a> showed that 16,198 same-sex couples were living in North Carolina. By 2005, this had increased to 19,648 couples, likely attributed to same-sex couples' growing willingness to disclose their partnerships on government surveys. Same-sex couples lived in all <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_North_Carolina" title="List of counties in North Carolina">counties</a> of the state and constituted 0.9% of coupled households and 0.5% of all households in the state. Most couples lived in <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina" title="Mecklenburg County, North Carolina">Mecklenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wake_County,_North_Carolina" title="Wake County, North Carolina">Wake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guilford_County,_North_Carolina" title="Guilford County, North Carolina">Guilford</a> counties, but the counties with the highest percentage of same-sex couples were <a href="/wiki/Durham_County,_North_Carolina" title="Durham County, North Carolina">Durham</a> (0.85% of all county households) and <a href="/wiki/Buncombe_County,_North_Carolina" title="Buncombe County, North Carolina">Buncombe</a> (0.79%). Same-sex partners in North Carolina were on average younger than opposite-sex partners, and more likely to be employed. However, the average and median household incomes of same-sex couples were lower than different-sex couples, and same-sex couples were also far less likely to own a home than opposite-sex partners. 22% of same-sex couples in North Carolina were raising children under the age of 18, with an estimated 7,437 children living in households headed by same-sex couples in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. census</a> showed that there were 19,169 married same-sex couple households (7,685 male couples and 11,484 female couples) and 15,688 unmarried same-sex couple households in North Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domestic_partnerships">Domestic partnerships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Domestic partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Carolina_counties_and_cities_with_domestic_partnerships.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/North_Carolina_counties_and_cities_with_domestic_partnerships.svg/300px-North_Carolina_counties_and_cities_with_domestic_partnerships.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/North_Carolina_counties_and_cities_with_domestic_partnerships.svg/450px-North_Carolina_counties_and_cities_with_domestic_partnerships.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/North_Carolina_counties_and_cities_with_domestic_partnerships.svg/600px-North_Carolina_counties_and_cities_with_domestic_partnerships.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="173" /></a><figcaption>Map of North Carolina counties and cities offering <a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership_in_the_United_States" title="Domestic partnership in the United States">domestic partnerships</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#28db24; color:black;"> </span> City offers domestic partnerships</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#dfffa5; color:black;"> </span> County offers domestic partnerships</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d0d0d0; color:black;"> </span> County or city does not offer domestic partnerships</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Some cities and counties in North Carolina recognize <a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership" title="Domestic partnership">domestic partnerships</a>. Registered domestic partners are legally recognized only by the jurisdiction in which they registered. The partnerships allow the extension of <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> benefits to employees and their domestic partners. Some cities in the state recognize both same-sex and opposite-sex domestic partnerships. According to 2010 census data, there were 228,000 North Carolina couples in domestic partnerships and 12 percent of those were same-sex couples.<sup id="cite_ref-amendment_pass_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amendment_pass-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the General Assembly added a provision to state law, affording hospital visitation rights to same-sex couples though a designated visitor statute.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first town to establish domestic partnerships was <a href="/wiki/Carrboro,_North_Carolina" title="Carrboro, North Carolina">Carrboro</a> in 1994, which permits such partnerships between any two persons who are residents of the town of Carrboro or at least one of whom is an employee of the town of Carrboro.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina" title="Chapel Hill, North Carolina">Chapel Hill</a> followed suit in 1995, allowing for the registration of domestic partnerships between any two adults who live together in a long-term relationship of indefinite duration,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an exclusive mutual commitment in which the partners share the necessities of life and are financially interdependent, and also are not married to anyone else, do not have another domestic partner and not related by blood more closely than would bar their marriage in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i></i> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham</a> became the first city to allow domestic partnerships in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Durham_County,_North_Carolina" title="Durham County, North Carolina">Durham County</a> did the same later that same year, becoming the first county in the state to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December of that same year, commissioners in <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_North_Carolina" title="Orange County, North Carolina">Orange County</a> approved a measure to extend benefits to the domestic partners of county employees.<sup id="cite_ref-Orange_County_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orange_County-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benefits available include dependent health, dental, life, and retiree <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">insurance</a>, funeral leave, <a href="/wiki/Sick_leave" title="Sick leave">sick leave</a>, shared leave and family leave of absence.<sup id="cite_ref-Orange_County_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orange_County-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estimated cost for one percent of Orange County (or seven employees) to participate in domestic partnerships was $17,000 for the county's contribution.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro</a> began offering domestic partnerships in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The City Council was initially concerned that by offering domestic partner benefits they would be in violation of North Carolina's <a href="/wiki/Crime_against_nature" title="Crime against nature">crime against nature</a> law as well as federal equal protection laws if they offered those benefits to same-sex couples and not unmarried heterosexual couples.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina" title="Mecklenburg County, North Carolina">Mecklenburg County</a> passed a policy allowing domestic partner benefits for county employees and their partners in December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Mecklenburg_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mecklenburg-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The approved plan defines "domestic partners" as two people of the same sex in a "spousal like" and "exclusive, mutually committed" relationship in which both "share the necessities of life and are financially interdependent".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 22, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville</a> authorized the creation of a domestic partnership registry to recognize same-sex relationships, becoming the first city in <a href="/wiki/Western_North_Carolina" title="Western North Carolina">Western North Carolina</a> to do so. The registry became available on May 2, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a> created its own domestic partnership registry, separate from Mecklenburg County, in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2013, <a href="/wiki/Buncombe_County,_North_Carolina" title="Buncombe County, North Carolina">Buncombe County</a> became the fourth North Carolina county to allow domestic partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption style="font-size:100%">Public opinion for same-sex marriage in North Carolina </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Poll source </th> <th>Dates administered </th> <th>Sample size </th> <th>Margin of error </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Opposition </th> <th>Do not know / refused </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2023/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-NC">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prri.org/research/views-on-lgbtq-rights-in-all-50-states/">March 9 – December 7, 2023</a> </td> <td>720 adults </td> <td>± 0.82%<sup><small>1</small></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>65%</b> </td> <td>34% </td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2022/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-NC">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2022">March 11 – December 14, 2022</a> </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>65%</b> </td> <td>34% </td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ava.prri.org/home#lgbt/2021/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-NC">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2021">March 8 – November 9, 2021</a> </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>66%</b> </td> <td>32% </td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2020/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-NC">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2020">January 7 – December 20, 2020</a> </td> <td>1,730 adults </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><b>62%</b> </td> <td>32% </td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2017/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-NC">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2017">April 5 – December 23, 2017</a> </td> <td>2,499 adults </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><i>49%</i> </td> <td>41% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.publicreligion.org/#lgbt/2016/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-NC">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2016">May 18, 2016 – January 10, 2017</a> </td> <td>3,544 adults </td> <td>? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><i>49%</i> </td> <td>40% </td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.publicreligion.org/#lgbt/2015/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-NC">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2015">April 29, 2015 – January 7, 2016</a> </td> <td>2,855 adults </td> <td>? </td> <td>46% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>47%</i> </td> <td>7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.publicreligion.org/#lgbt/2014/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-NC">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ava.prri.org/methodology-2014">April 2, 2014 – January 4, 2015</a> </td> <td>1,864 adults </td> <td>? </td> <td>44% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>49%</i> </td> <td>7% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141130000638/https://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/elonpoll/10_30_14_ElonPollExecSummary.pdf">Elon University</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1" align="center">October 21–25, 2014 </td> <td>1,084 adults </td> <td>± 3.0% </td> <td>43% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>46%</i> </td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td>996 registered voters </td> <td>± 3.1% </td> <td>42% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>47%</i> </td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td>687 likely voters </td> <td>± 3.7% </td> <td>39% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>50%</i> </td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highpoint.edu/blog/2014/10/hpu-poll-nc-voters-on-contraceptive-and-same-sex-marriage-supreme-court-decisions-and-other-issues/">High Point University</a> </td> <td>October 21–25, 2014 </td> <td>802 voters </td> <td>± 3.5% </td> <td>36% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><b>58%</b> </td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.yougov.com/news/2014/09/07/battleground-tracker-2014-national-attitudes/">New York Times/CBS News/YouGov</a> </td> <td>September 20 – October 1, 2014 </td> <td>2,002 likely voters </td> <td>± 2.5% </td> <td>42% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>46%</i> </td> <td>12% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americaninsights.org/september-signature-poll-results-nc/">American Insights</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" align="center">September 5–10, 2014 </td> <td>600 registered voters </td> <td>± 4.0% </td> <td><i>46%</i> </td> <td><i>46%</i> </td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>459 likely voters </td> <td>± 4.6% </td> <td>44% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>48%</i> </td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141005162348/http://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/elonpoll/091514_ElonPollExecutiveReport.pdf">Elon University</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1" align="center">September 5–9, 2014 </td> <td>1,078 adults </td> <td>± 3.0% </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><i>45%</i> </td> <td>42% </td> <td>13% </td></tr> <tr> <td>983 registered voters </td> <td>± 3.1% </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><i>45%</i> </td> <td>42% </td> <td>13% </td></tr> <tr> <td>629 likely voters </td> <td>± 3.9% </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><i>45%</i> </td> <td>43% </td> <td>12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141008125036/https://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/elonpoll/05_04_14_ElonPoll_ExecSummary.pdf">Elon University</a> </td> <td>April 25–28, 2014 </td> <td>672 registered voters </td> <td>± 3.8% </td> <td>41% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>46%</i> </td> <td>13% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/04/23/upshot/24upshot-south-poll.html?_r=1&abt=0002&abg=1">New York Times/Kaiser Family Foundation</a> </td> <td>April 8–15, 2014 </td> <td>900 registered voters </td> <td>? </td> <td>44% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>49%</i> </td> <td>7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2014/PPP_Release_NC_410.pdf">Public Policy Polling</a> </td> <td>April 3–6, 2014 </td> <td>740 registered voters </td> <td>± 3.6% </td> <td>40% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><b>53%</b> </td> <td>7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/elonpoll/030314_ElonPollSummary.pdf">Elon University</a> </td> <td>February 23–26, 2014 </td> <td>925 registered voters </td> <td>± 3.2% </td> <td>40% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><b>51%</b> </td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publicreligion.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/2014.LGBT_REPORT.pdf">Public Religion Research Institute</a> </td> <td>November 12 – December 18, 2013 </td> <td>165 adults </td> <td>± 8.9% </td> <td>47% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>48%</i> </td> <td>5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021133755/http://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/elonpoll/092013_ElonPollSummary.pdf">Elon University</a> </td> <td>September 13–16, 2013 </td> <td>701 registered voters </td> <td>± 3.7% </td> <td>43% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>46%</i> </td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130909185040/http://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/elonpoll/041713_ElonPoll_Summary_Report.pdf">Elon University</a> </td> <td>April 5–9, 2013 </td> <td>770 residents </td> <td>± 3.5% </td> <td>43% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><i>46%</i> </td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_miscellaneousNC_051712.pdf">Public Policy Polling</a> </td> <td>May 10–13, 2012 </td> <td>666 voters </td> <td>± 3.8% </td> <td>34% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><b>58%</b> </td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_NC_506.pdf">Public Policy Polling</a> </td> <td>May 5–6, 2012 </td> <td>1,026 likely voters </td> <td>± 3.1% </td> <td>34% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><b>57%</b> </td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicpolicypolling.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/PPP_Release_NC_011212.pdf">Public Policy Polling</a> </td> <td>January 5–8, 2012 </td> <td>780 registered voters </td> <td>± 3.5% </td> <td>32% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><b>57%</b> </td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_NC_12091118.pdf">Public Policy Polling</a> </td> <td>December 1–4, 2011 </td> <td>865 voters </td> <td>± 3.3% </td> <td>30% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><b>57%</b> </td> <td>13% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicpolicypolling.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/PPP_Release_NC_11041205.pdf">Public Policy Polling</a> </td> <td>October 27–31, 2011 </td> <td>615 registered voters </td> <td>± 4.0% </td> <td>35% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><b>59%</b> </td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicpolicypolling.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/PPP_Release_NC_1007.pdf">Public Policy Polling</a> </td> <td>September 30 – October 3, 2011 </td> <td>671 likely primary voters </td> <td>± 4.3% </td> <td>30% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><b>63%</b> </td> <td>7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_NC_09071217.pdf">Public Policy Polling</a> </td> <td>September 1–4, 2011 </td> <td>520 voters </td> <td>± 4.3% </td> <td>31% </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><b>61%</b> </td> <td>8% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Notes:</b> </p> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> The margin of error for the national survey was ± 0.82 percentage points at the 95% level of confidence, including the <a href="/wiki/Design_effect" title="Design effect">design effect</a> for the survey of 1.56.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" 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marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">Same-sex marriage in the United States</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The three sponsors were <a href="/wiki/Larry_Pittman" title="Larry Pittman">Larry Pittman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Speciale" title="Michael Speciale">Michael Speciale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ford_(politician)" title="Carl Ford (politician)">Carl Ford</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeitsinger2012" class="citation web cs1">Leitsinger, Miranda (May 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/backers-north-carolina-gay-marriage-ban-state-no-longer-vulnerable-flna760479">"Backers of North Carolina gay marriage ban: State no longer 'vulnerable'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Backers+of+North+Carolina+gay+marriage+ban%3A+State+no+longer+%27vulnerable%27&rft.date=2012-05-08&rft.aulast=Leitsinger&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fbackers-north-carolina-gay-marriage-ban-state-no-longer-vulnerable-flna760479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByChapter/Chapter_52B.html">Chapter 52B. Uniform Premarital Agreement Act.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sog.unc.edu/publications/bulletins/amendment-one-north-carolina-public-employers-and-domestic-partner-benefits">Public Employment Law Bulletin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_50/GS_50-16.9.pdf">§ 50-16.9. Modification of order.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookup/1995/H270">House Bill 270</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookup/1995/SB1487">"Senate Bill 1487 (1995-1996 Session) - North Carolina General Assembly"</a>. <i>www.ncleg.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ncleg.gov&rft.atitle=Senate+Bill+1487+%281995-1996+Session%29+-+North+Carolina+General+Assembly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncleg.gov%2FBillLookup%2F1995%2FSB1487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Sessions/1995/Bills/Senate/PDF/S1487v3.pdf">"SENATE BILL 1487"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SENATE+BILL+1487&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncga.state.nc.us%2FSessions%2F1995%2FBills%2FSenate%2FPDF%2FS1487v3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VZkbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=AlMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4653,4582718&dq=north+carolina+marriage&hl=en">"The Dispatch"</a>. <i>news.google.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.google.com&rft.atitle=The+Dispatch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DVZkbAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DAlMEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4653%2C4582718%26dq%3Dnorth%2Bcarolina%2Bmarriage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_51/Article_1.html">"Chapter 51- Article 1"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512111444/http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_51/Article_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+51-+Article+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncga.state.nc.us%2FEnactedLegislation%2FStatutes%2FHTML%2FByArticle%2FChapter_51%2FArticle_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amendment_pass-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amendment_pass_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amendment_pass_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZucchino2012" class="citation news cs1">Zucchino, David (May 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-gay-marriage-20120509,0,1850058.story">"North Carolina Passes Ban on Gay Marriage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+overrides+Magistrate+same-sex+marriage+veto&rft.pub=ABC+11+Eyewitness+News&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabc11.com%2Fnews%2Fhouse-overrides-magistrate-same-sex-marriage-veto%2F778183%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColleen_Jenkins2015" class="citation web cs1">Colleen Jenkins (December 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/gay-marriage-advocates-sue-north-carolina-over-opt-161850345.html">"North Carolina sued over gay marriage opt-out law"</a>. Yahoo! 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Municode+Library&rft.atitle=Eastern+Band+of+Cherokee+Indians+Code+of+Ordinances%2C+Chapter+50%3A+Family+Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.municode.com%2Ftribes_and_tribal_nations%2Feastern_band_of_cherokee_indians%2Fcodes%2Fcode_of_ordinances%3FnodeId%3DPTIICOOR_CH50FALA_ARTIMA_S50-1MA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smokymountainnews.com/news/item/14943-cherokee-affirms-gay-marriage-ban">"Cherokee affirms gay marriage ban"</a>. Smoky Mountain News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cherokee+affirms+gay+marriage+ban&rft.pub=Smoky+Mountain+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smokymountainnews.com%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F14943-cherokee-affirms-gay-marriage-ban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnoepp2021" class="citation web cs1">Knoepp, Lilly (September 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bpr.org/news/2021-09-10/eastern-band-of-cherokee-same-sex-marriage-ban-stands">"Eastern Band Of Cherokee Same-Sex Marriage Ban Stands"</a>. <i>Blue Ridge Public Radio</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blue+Ridge+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=Eastern+Band+Of+Cherokee+Same-Sex+Marriage+Ban+Stands&rft.date=2021-09-10&rft.aulast=Knoepp&rft.aufirst=Lilly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpr.org%2Fnews%2F2021-09-10%2Feastern-band-of-cherokee-same-sex-marriage-ban-stands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lang-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lang_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabine_Lang1998" class="citation book cs1">Sabine Lang (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menaswomenwomena0000lang"><i>Men as women, women as men: changing gender in Native American cultures</i></a></span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=PCT1405+Couple+Households%2C+By+Type&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALDHC2020.PCT15%3Ft%3DFamilies%2520and%2520Living%2520Arrangements%26d%3DDEC%2520Demographic%2520and%2520Housing%2520Characteristics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlades" class="citation web cs1">Blades, Meteor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/03/30/1078140/-Poll-North-Carolina-voters-approve-anti-marriage-equality-amendment-until-they-learn-what-it-does">"North Carolina Voters Approve Anti-Marriage Equality Amendment, Until They Learn What It Does"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Kos" title="Daily Kos">Daily Kos</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carrboro+Town+Code%3A+Chapter+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.carrboro.nc.us%2FTC%2FPDFs%2FTownCode%2FTownCodeCh03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512150921/http://www.ci.chapel-hill.nc.us/index.aspx?page=152">"Town of Chapel Hill: General Policies"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.chapel-hill.nc.us/index.aspx?page=152">the original</a> on May 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Town+of+Chapel+Hill%3A+General+Policies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.chapel-hill.nc.us%2Findex.aspx%3Fpage%3D152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.chapel-hill.nc.us/index.aspx?page=375">"Town of Chapel Hill: Domestic Partnership"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224074654/http://www.ci.chapel-hill.nc.us/index.aspx?page=375">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Town+of+Chapel+Hill%3A+Domestic+Partnership&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.chapel-hill.nc.us%2Findex.aspx%3Fpage%3D375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wral.com/news/local/story/1090052/">"Durham Votes to Allow Benefits for Domestic Partners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WRAL-TV" title="WRAL-TV">WRAL-TV</a>. April 7, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820194220/http://www.wral.com/news/local/story/1090052/">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Durham+Votes+to+Allow+Benefits+for+Domestic+Partners&rft.pub=WRAL-TV&rft.date=2003-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wral.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fstory%2F1090052%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.durhamcountync.gov/departments/bocc/Agendas/Archives/2003/9-2-03.html">"9:00 A.M. Worksession - Agenda"</a>. Durham County Government. September 2, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2012</span>. <q>In conjunction with the County Attorney's legal opinion that only same-sex domestic partner benefits can be offered to County employees without the violation of the Commissioners' oaths of office, the Human Resources Department has completed the actions necessary to make this offering possible.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=9%3A00+A.M.+Worksession+-+Agenda&rft.pub=Durham+County+Government&rft.date=2003-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.durhamcountync.gov%2Fdepartments%2Fbocc%2FAgendas%2FArchives%2F2003%2F9-2-03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orange_County-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Orange_County_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orange_County_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unmarriedamerica.org/members/news/2003/December-DP/Oc_NC_to_offer_partner_benefits.html">"Orange County, NC To Offer Partner Benefits"</a>. December 1, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820182356/http://www.unmarriedamerica.org/members/news/2003/December-DP/Oc_NC_to_offer_partner_benefits.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orange+County%2C+NC+To+Offer+Partner+Benefits&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unmarriedamerica.org%2Fmembers%2Fnews%2F2003%2FDecember-DP%2FOc_NC_to_offer_partner_benefits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.co.orange.nc.us/occlerks/0409215d.pdf">"Orange County Commission Agenda Action Items"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. September 21, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084852/http://www.co.orange.nc.us/occlerks/0409215d.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orange+County+Commission+Agenda+Action+Items&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.co.orange.nc.us%2Focclerks%2F0409215d.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sogpubs.unc.edu/electronicversions/pdfs/pelb37.pdf">"May North Carolina Local Government Employers Offer Domestic Partner Benefits?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2012</span>. <q>In North Carolina, only Durham and Orange counties, the cities of Durham and Greensboro, and the towns of Chapel Hill and Carrboro offer domestic partner benefits.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=May+North+Carolina+Local+Government+Employers+Offer+Domestic+Partner+Benefits%3F&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+at+Chapel+Hill&rft.date=2009-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsogpubs.unc.edu%2Felectronicversions%2Fpdfs%2Fpelb37.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yesweekly.com/triad/article-2722-greensboro-to-move-forward-on-domestic-partnership-benefits.html">"Greensboro To Move Forward on Domestic Partnership Benefits"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160709/http://www.yesweekly.com/triad/article-2722-greensboro-to-move-forward-on-domestic-partnership-benefits.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mecklenburg+Commissioners+Approve+DP+Benefits&rft.date=2009-12-16&rft.au=Comer%2C+Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.q-notes.com%2F4607%2Fmecklenburg-commissioners-approve-dp-benefits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006123456/http://ashevillenc.gov/NewsandEvents/CityNews/tabid/662/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/27046/Domestic-Partner-Registry-available-May-2.aspx">"Domestic Partner Registry Available May 2"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Domestic+Partner+Registry+Available+May+2&rft.date=2011-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashevillenc.gov%2FNewsandEvents%2FCityNews%2Ftabid%2F662%2FarticleType%2FArticleView%2FarticleId%2F27046%2FDomestic-Partner-Registry-available-May-2.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComer2012" class="citation web cs1">Comer, Matt (June 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qnotescarolinas.com/charlotte-council-approves-domestic-partner-benefits-scraps-capital-plan/">"Charlotte council approves domestic partner benefits, scraps capital plan"</a>. <i>QnotesCarolinas.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=QnotesCarolinas.com&rft.atitle=Charlotte+council+approves+domestic+partner+benefits%2C+scraps+capital+plan&rft.date=2012-06-26&rft.aulast=Comer&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqnotescarolinas.com%2Fcharlotte-council-approves-domestic-partner-benefits-scraps-capital-plan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citizenlink.com/2013/03/26/north-carolina-family-policy-council-buncombe-domestic-partner-benefits/">"North Carolina Family Policy Council: Buncombe Domestic Partner Benefits"</a>. March 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+Carolina+Family+Policy+Council%3A+Buncombe+Domestic+Partner+Benefits&rft.date=2013-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizenlink.com%2F2013%2F03%2F26%2Fnorth-carolina-family-policy-council-buncombe-domestic-partner-benefits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408051950/https://equalitync.org/">"Website of Equality North Carolina"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.equalitync.org/">the original</a> on April 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Website+of+Equality+North+Carolina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.equalitync.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408005341/http://www.ncvalues.org/">"Website of the North Carolina Values Coalition"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncvalues.org/">the original</a> on April 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Website+of+the+North+Carolina+Values+Coalition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncvalues.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+North+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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United States">Same-sex unions in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rights_and_responsibilities_of_marriages_in_the_United_States" title="Rights and responsibilities of marriages in the United States">Rights and responsibilities of marriages in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state_constitutional_amendments_banning_same-sex_unions" title="U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions">U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_state" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Colorado" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Colorado">Recognition of same-sex unions in Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Texas">Recognition of same-sex unions in Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Florida">Recognition of same-sex unions in Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">Marriage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="History of same-sex marriage in the United States">History of same-sex marriage in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage in the United States">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_of_same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States">Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_legislation_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage legislation in the United States">Same-sex marriage legislation in the United States</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_territory(laws)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By territory<br />(<a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_law_in_the_United_States_by_territory" title="Same-sex marriage law in the United States by territory">laws</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_status_in_the_United_States_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage status in the United States by state">State</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_law_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state">laws</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Alabama" title="Same-sex marriage in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Alaska" title="Same-sex marriage in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Arizona" title="Same-sex marriage in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Arkansas" title="Same-sex marriage in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_California" title="Same-sex marriage in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Colorado" title="Same-sex marriage in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Connecticut" title="Same-sex marriage in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Delaware" title="Same-sex marriage in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Florida" title="Same-sex marriage in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Same-sex marriage in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Hawaii" title="Same-sex marriage in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Idaho" title="Same-sex marriage in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Illinois" title="Same-sex marriage in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Indiana" title="Same-sex marriage in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Iowa" title="Same-sex marriage in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Kansas" title="Same-sex marriage in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Kentucky" title="Same-sex marriage in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Louisiana" title="Same-sex marriage in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Maine" title="Same-sex marriage in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland" title="Same-sex marriage in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Massachusetts" title="Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Michigan" title="Same-sex marriage in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Minnesota" title="Same-sex marriage in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Mississippi" title="Same-sex marriage in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Missouri" title="Same-sex marriage in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Montana" title="Same-sex marriage in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Nebraska" title="Same-sex marriage in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Nevada" title="Same-sex marriage in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Hampshire" title="Same-sex marriage in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Jersey" title="Same-sex marriage in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Mexico" title="Same-sex marriage in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_York" title="Same-sex marriage in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Dakota" title="Same-sex marriage in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Ohio" title="Same-sex marriage in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Oklahoma" title="Same-sex marriage in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Oregon" title="Same-sex marriage in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Pennsylvania" title="Same-sex marriage in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Rhode_Island" title="Same-sex marriage in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Carolina" title="Same-sex marriage in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Dakota" title="Same-sex marriage in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Tennessee" title="Same-sex marriage in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Texas" title="Same-sex marriage in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Utah" title="Same-sex marriage in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Vermont" title="Same-sex marriage in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Virginia" title="Same-sex marriage in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Washington_(state)" title="Same-sex marriage in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_West_Virginia" title="Same-sex marriage in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Wisconsin" title="Same-sex marriage in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Wyoming" title="Same-sex marriage in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage under United States tribal jurisdictions">Tribal nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Navajo_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_by_Circuit_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage by Circuit Court">Circuit Courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Fourth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Fourth Circuit">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Sixth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Sixth Circuit">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Seventh_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Seventh Circuit">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Ninth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Ninth Circuit">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Tenth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Tenth Circuit">Tenth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Same-sex marriage in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Guam" title="Same-sex marriage in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Same-sex marriage in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Civil_unions_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil unions in the United States">Civil unions</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership_in_the_United_States" title="Domestic partnership in the United States">domestic partnerships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cities_and_counties_in_the_United_States_offering_a_domestic_partnership_registry" title="Cities and counties in the United States offering a domestic partnership registry">Cities and counties in the United States offering a domestic partnership registry</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_state" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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