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<span>Fellowships</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fellowships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fellowships subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fellowships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fellow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fellow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fellow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fellow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_member" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_member"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Foreign member</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_member-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_fellow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_fellow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Honorary fellow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_fellow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_statute_12_fellowships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_statute_12_fellowships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Former statute 12 fellowships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_statute_12_fellowships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Fellow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Fellow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Royal Fellow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Fellow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_of_new_fellows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_of_new_fellows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Election of new fellows</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_of_new_fellows-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Election of new fellows subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Election_of_new_fellows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Selection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Admission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_fellowships_and_other_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_fellowships_and_other_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Research fellowships and other awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_fellowships_and_other_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fellow of the Royal Society</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fellow of the Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="زمالة الجمعية الملكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زمالة الجمعية الملكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ফেলো অফ দ্য রয়েল সোসাইটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফেলো অফ দ্য রয়েল সোসাইটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Член на Британското кралско научно дружество – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Член на Британското кралско научно дружество" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Clanstvo_u_Kraljevskom_dru%C5%A1tvu" title="Članstvo u Kraljevskom društvu – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Članstvo u Kraljevskom društvu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fellow of the Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membre_de_la_Royal_Society" title="Membre de la Royal Society – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Membre de la Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Clen_Kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A9_spole%C4%8Dnosti" title="Člen Královské společnosti – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Člen Královské společnosti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Εταίρος της Βασιλικής Εταιρίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εταίρος της Βασιλικής Εταιρίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miembro_de_la_Royal_Society" title="Miembro de la Royal Society – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miembro de la Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="همکار انجمن سلطنتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="همکار انجمن سلطنتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membre_de_la_Royal_Society" title="Membre de la Royal Society – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Membre de la Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhalta_den_Chumann_R%C3%ADoga" title="Comhalta den Chumann Ríoga – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhalta den Chumann Ríoga" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%95%EB%A6%BD%ED%95%99%ED%9A%8C_%ED%9A%8C%EC%9B%90" title="왕립학회 회원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="왕립학회 회원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fellow of the Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სამეფო საზოგადოების წევრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამეფო საზოგადოების წევრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endam%C3%AA_Royal_Society" title="Endamê Royal Society – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Endamê Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ഫെലോ ഓഫ് ദ റോയൽ സൊസൈറ്റി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫെലോ ഓഫ് ദ റോയൽ സൊസൈറ്റി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ომაფე ჯარალუაშ მაკათური – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ომაფე ჯარალუაშ მაკათური" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fellow of the Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fellow of the Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC" title="王立協会フェロー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="王立協会フェロー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membre_de_la_Royal_Society" title="Membre de la Royal Society – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Membre de la Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cz%C5%82onkostwo_w_Royal_Society" title="Członkostwo w Royal Society – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Członkostwo w Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membro_da_Royal_Society" title="Membro da Royal Society – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Membro da Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Член Лондонского королевского общества – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Член Лондонского королевского общества" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellows of the Royal Society – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fellows of the Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="ھاوپۆلەکانی کۆمەڵگایی شاھانە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھاوپۆلەکانی کۆمەڵگایی شاھانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Clanstvo_u_Kraljevskom_dru%C5%A1tvu" title="Članstvo u Kraljevskom društvu – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Članstvo u Kraljevskom društvu" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Societyn_j%C3%A4senyys" title="Royal Societyn jäsenyys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Royal Societyn jäsenyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fellow of the Royal Society" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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London</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society">List of fellows of the Royal Society</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">Fellow of the British Academy</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Award</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Fellowship of the Royal Society</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg/220px-Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg/330px-Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg/440px-Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5533" data-file-height="3682" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carlton_House_Terrace" title="Carlton House Terrace">Carlton House Terrace</a> in London</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Awarded for</th><td class="infobox-data">"Contributions to the improvement of natural knowledge"<sup id="cite_ref-elections_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elections-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Sponsored by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">1663<span class="noprint">; 362 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1663</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data location">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Total no. Fellows</th><td class="infobox-data">Approximately 8,000<sup id="cite_ref-allfrs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allfrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1,743 living Fellows)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fellowship of the Royal Society</b> (<b>FRS</b>, <b>ForMemRS</b> and <b>HonFRS</b>) is an award granted by the Fellows of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural knowledge</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineering_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering science">engineering science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medical_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical science">medical science</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-elections_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elections-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Example_farm plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This paragraph <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists#List_size" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">irrelevant</a> examples</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit">improve the article</a> by adding descriptive text and removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Example_cruft" title="Wikipedia:Example cruft">less pertinent examples</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellowship</a> of the Society, the oldest known scientific academy in continuous existence, is a significant honour. It has been awarded to many eminent scientists throughout history, including <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (1672),<sup id="cite_ref-allfrs_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allfrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> (1756), <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a> (1816),<sup id="cite_ref-allfrs_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allfrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> (1824),<sup id="cite_ref-allfrs_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allfrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> (1839),<sup id="cite_ref-allfrs_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allfrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> (1903),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan" title="Srinivasa Ramanujan">Srinivasa Ramanujan</a> (1918),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a> (1920),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1921),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (1930), <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1941), <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (1944),<sup id="cite_ref-subra_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-subra-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prasanta_Chandra_Mahalanobis" title="Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis">Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis</a> (1945),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1947),<sup id="cite_ref-dorothyfrs_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dorothyfrs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a> (1951),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitner</a> (1955),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a> (1958),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> (1959).<sup id="cite_ref-crickrsbm_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crickrsbm-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, fellowship has been awarded to <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a> (1974), <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> (1983), <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Tim Hunt</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Mashelkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghunath Mashelkar">Raghunath Mashelkar</a> (1998), <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venki Ramakrishnan</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/Atta-ur-Rahman_(chemist)" title="Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist)">Atta-ur-Rahman</a> (2006),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a> (2007),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bai_Chunli" title="Bai Chunli">Bai Chunli</a> (2014), <a href="/wiki/James_Dyson" title="James Dyson">James Dyson</a> (2015), <a href="/wiki/Ajay_Kumar_Sood" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajay Kumar Sood">Ajay Kumar Sood</a> (2015), <a href="/wiki/Subhash_Khot" title="Subhash Khot">Subhash Khot</a> (2017), <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (2018),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Fuchs" title="Elaine Fuchs">Elaine Fuchs</a> (2019) and <a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Society">around 8,000 others</a> in total,<sup id="cite_ref-allfrs_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allfrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including over 280 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Laureates</a> since 1900. As of October 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are approximately 1,689 living Fellows, Foreign and Honorary Members, of whom 85 are Nobel Laureates.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton,_1689.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton%2C_1689.jpg/180px-Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton%2C_1689.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton%2C_1689.jpg/270px-Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton%2C_1689.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton%2C_1689.jpg/360px-Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton%2C_1689.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2218" data-file-height="2671" /></a><figcaption>Elected in 1672, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> was one of the earliest fellows of the Royal Society.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fellowship of the Royal Society has been described by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> as "the equivalent of a lifetime achievement <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-oscar_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oscar-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year.<sup id="cite_ref-icr_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crickinstitute_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crickinstitute-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-manchester_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-imperial_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imperial-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aberdeen_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aberdeen-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cam_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cam-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fellowships">Fellowships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fellowships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_William_Hawking_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_(cropped,_Hawking).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Stephen_William_Hawking_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%2C_Hawking%29.jpg/180px-Stephen_William_Hawking_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%2C_Hawking%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Stephen_William_Hawking_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%2C_Hawking%29.jpg/270px-Stephen_William_Hawking_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%2C_Hawking%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Stephen_William_Hawking_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%2C_Hawking%29.jpg/360px-Stephen_William_Hawking_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%2C_Hawking%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="1169" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a> was elected a Fellow in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-hawkingfrs_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hawkingfrs-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Up to 60 new Fellows (FRS), honorary (HonFRS) and foreign members (ForMemRS) are elected annually in late April or early May, from a pool of around 700 proposed candidates each year.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeler2011_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeler2011-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Fellows can only be nominated by existing <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellows</a> for one of the fellowships described below: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fellow">Fellow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fellow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BillBryson02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/BillBryson02.JPG/180px-BillBryson02.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/BillBryson02.JPG/270px-BillBryson02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/BillBryson02.JPG/360px-BillBryson02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bryson" title="Bill Bryson">Bill Bryson</a>, elected as an Honorary Member in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Every year, up to 52 new fellows are elected from the United Kingdom, the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, and Ireland, which make up around 90% of the society.<sup id="cite_ref-statutes_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statutes-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-electionprocess_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electionprocess-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each candidate is considered on their merits and can be proposed from any sector of the scientific community. Fellows are elected for life on the basis of excellence in science and are entitled to use the <a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">post-nominal letters</a> <b>FRS</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-elections_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elections-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_member">Foreign member</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Foreign member"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg/180px-Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg/270px-Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg/360px-Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a>, elected as a Foreign Member in 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Every year, fellows elect up to ten new foreign members. Like fellows, foreign members are elected for life through <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer review</a> on the basis of excellence in science. As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are around 165 foreign members, who are entitled to use the post-nominal <b>ForMemRS</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-GulyasSomogyi2012_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GulyasSomogyi2012-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_fellow">Honorary fellow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honorary fellow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Srinivasa_Ramanujan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Srinivasa_Ramanujan.jpg/180px-Srinivasa_Ramanujan.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Srinivasa_Ramanujan.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ramanujan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanujan">Ramanujan</a> was elected a Fellow in 1917.</figcaption></figure> <p>Honorary Fellowship is an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">honorary academic title</a> awarded to candidates who have given distinguished service to the cause of science, but do not have the kind of scientific achievements required of Fellows or Foreign Members. Honorary Fellows include the World Health Organization's Director-General <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a> (2022), <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bryson" title="Bill Bryson">Bill Bryson</a> (2013), <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Melvyn Bragg</a> (2010), <a href="/wiki/Robin_Saxby" title="Robin Saxby">Robin Saxby</a> (2015), <a href="/wiki/David_Sainsbury,_Baron_Sainsbury_of_Turville" title="David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville">David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville</a> (2008), <a href="/wiki/Onora_O%27Neill" title="Onora O'Neill">Onora O'Neill</a> (2007), <a href="/wiki/John_Maddox" title="John Maddox">John Maddox</a> (2000),<sup id="cite_ref-maddox_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maddox-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moore" title="Patrick Moore">Patrick Moore</a> (2001) and <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Jardine" title="Lisa Jardine">Lisa Jardine</a> (2015).<sup id="cite_ref-jarsbm_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jarsbm-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Honorary Fellows are entitled to use the post nominal letters <b>HonFRS</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_statute_12_fellowships">Former statute 12 fellowships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Former statute 12 fellowships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_David_Frederick_Attenborough_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sir_David_Frederick_Attenborough_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Sir_David_Frederick_Attenborough_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sir_David_Frederick_Attenborough_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Sir_David_Frederick_Attenborough_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sir_David_Frederick_Attenborough_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Sir_David_Frederick_Attenborough_at_Weston_Library_Opening_20.3.15_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> was elected a Fellow in 1983, under former statute 12.</figcaption></figure> <p>Statute 12 is a legacy mechanism for electing members before official honorary membership existed in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fellows elected under statute 12 include <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> (1983) and <a href="/wiki/John_Palmer,_4th_Earl_of_Selborne" title="John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne">John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne</a> (1991). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Fellow">Royal Fellow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Royal Fellow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Council of the Royal Society can recommend members of the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a> for election as <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Royal Fellow of the Royal Society">Royal Fellow of the Royal Society</a>. As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there are four royal fellows: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>, elected 1978<sup id="cite_ref-frscharles_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frscharles-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a>, elected 1987<sup id="cite_ref-frsanne_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frsanne-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent">Prince Edward, Duke of Kent</a>, elected 1990<sup id="cite_ref-frsedwards_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frsedwards-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a>, elected 2009<sup id="cite_ref-frswilliam_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frswilliam-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> was not a Royal Fellow, but provided her <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a> to the society, as all reigning <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">British monarchs</a> have done since <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a>. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (1951) was elected under statute 12, not as a Royal Fellow.<sup id="cite_ref-frsphillip_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frsphillip-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_of_new_fellows">Election of new fellows</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Election of new fellows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The election of new fellows is announced annually in May, after their nomination and a period of <a href="/wiki/Peer-review" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer-review">peer-reviewed</a> selection.<sup id="cite_ref-elections_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elections-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomination">Nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each candidate for Fellowship or Foreign Membership is nominated by two Fellows of the Royal Society (a proposer and a seconder), who sign a certificate of proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-occamten_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-occamten-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, nominations required at least five fellows to support each nomination by the proposer,<sup id="cite_ref-occamten_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-occamten-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was criticised for supposedly establishing an <a href="/wiki/Old_boy_network" title="Old boy network">old boy network</a> and elitist <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen's club">gentlemen's club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gender_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gender-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cronysim_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cronysim-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-notenoughwomen_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notenoughwomen-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The certificate of election (see for example<sup id="cite_ref-geimfrs_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geimfrs-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) includes a statement of the principal grounds on which the proposal is being made. There is no limit on the number of nominations made each year. In 2015, there were 654 candidates for election as Fellows and 106 candidates for Foreign Membership.<sup id="cite_ref-elections_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elections-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selection">Selection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Council of the Royal Society oversees the selection process and appoints 10 subject area committees, known as Sectional Committees, to recommend the strongest candidates for election to the Fellowship. The final list of up to 52 Fellowship candidates and up to 10 Foreign Membership candidates is confirmed by the Council in April, and a <a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">secret ballot</a> of Fellows is held at a meeting in May. A candidate is elected if they secure two-thirds of votes of those Fellows voting. </p><p>An indicative allocation of 18 Fellowships can be allocated to candidates from Physical Sciences and Biological Sciences; and up to 10 from Applied Sciences, Human Sciences and Joint Physical and Biological Sciences. A further maximum of six can be 'Honorary', 'General' or 'Royal' Fellows. Nominations for Fellowship are <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer reviewed</a> by Sectional Committees, each with at least 12 members and a Chair (all of whom are <a href="/wiki/Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellows of the Royal Society">Fellows of the Royal Society</a>). Members of the 10 Sectional Committees change every three years to mitigate <a href="/wiki/In-group_favoritism" title="In-group favoritism">in-group bias</a>. Each Sectional Committee covers different specialist areas including: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_science" title="Earth science">Earth science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">environmental science</a></li> <li>Molecules of Life<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology">Cell biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicellular_organisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Multicellular organisms">Multicellular organisms</a></li> <li>Patterns in Populations<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admission">Admission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Admission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Fellows are admitted to the Society at a formal admissions day ceremony held annually in July,<sup id="cite_ref-admissions_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admissions-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when they sign the <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">Charter</a> Book and the Obligation which reads: "We who have hereunto subscribed, do hereby promise, that we will endeavour to promote the good of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, and to pursue the ends for which the same was founded; that we will carry out, as far as we are able, those actions requested of us in the name of the Council; and that we will observe the Statutes and Standing Orders of the said Society. Provided that, whensoever any of us shall signify to the President under our hands, that we desire to withdraw from the Society, we shall be free from this Obligation for the future".<sup id="cite_ref-elections_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elections-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2014, portraits of Fellows at the admissions ceremony have been published without <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> restrictions in <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> under a more permissive <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons license</a> which allows wider re-use.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikimediablog_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikimediablog-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_fellowships_and_other_awards">Research fellowships and other awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Research fellowships and other awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Professor_Brian_Cox_OBE_FRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Professor_Brian_Cox_OBE_FRS.jpg/190px-Professor_Brian_Cox_OBE_FRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Professor_Brian_Cox_OBE_FRS.jpg/285px-Professor_Brian_Cox_OBE_FRS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Professor_Brian_Cox_OBE_FRS.jpg/380px-Professor_Brian_Cox_OBE_FRS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cox_(physicist)" title="Brian Cox (physicist)">Brian Cox</a>, a professor of physics, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2016 having previously held a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_University_Research_Fellowship" title="Royal Society University Research Fellowship">Royal Society University Research Fellowship</a> (URF) from 2005 to 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-amazin_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amazin-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the main fellowships of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS & HonFRS), other fellowships are available which are applied for by individuals, rather than through election. These fellowships are research grant awards and holders are known as Royal Society <a href="/wiki/Research_fellow" title="Research fellow">Research Fellows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>University research fellowships</b> (URFs): <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_University_Research_Fellowship" title="Royal Society University Research Fellowship">Royal Society University Research Fellowships</a> are for outstanding scientists in the UK who are in the early stages of their research career and have the potential to become leaders in their field.<sup id="cite_ref-urf_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urf-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previous holders of URFs to have been elected FRS at a later date include <a href="/wiki/Richard_Borcherds" title="Richard Borcherds">Richard Borcherds</a> (1994), <a href="/wiki/Jean_Beggs" title="Jean Beggs">Jean Beggs</a> (1998), <a href="/wiki/Frances_Ashcroft" title="Frances Ashcroft">Frances Ashcroft</a> (1999), <a href="/wiki/Athene_Donald" title="Athene Donald">Athene Donald</a> (1999) and <a href="/wiki/John_Pethica" title="John Pethica">John Pethica</a> (1999).<sup id="cite_ref-urfs_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urfs-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent awardees include <a href="/wiki/Terri_Attwood" title="Terri Attwood">Terri Attwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah-Jayne_Blakemore" title="Sarah-Jayne Blakemore">Sarah-Jayne Blakemore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Cox_(physicist)" title="Brian Cox (physicist)">Brian Cox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bridle" title="Sarah Bridle">Sarah Bridle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahn_Majid" title="Shahn Majid">Shahn Majid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanya_Monro" title="Tanya Monro">Tanya Monro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beth_Shapiro" title="Beth Shapiro">Beth Shapiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wales" title="David J. Wales">David J. Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katherine_J._Willis_(biologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine J. Willis (biologist)">Katherine Willis</a>.</li> <li><b>Royal Society Leverhulme Trust senior research fellowships</b> are for scientists who would benefit from a period of full-time research without teaching and administrative duties, supported by the <a href="/wiki/Leverhulme_Trust" title="Leverhulme Trust">Leverhulme Trust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leverhulme_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leverhulme-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Newton advanced fellowships</b> provide established international researchers with an opportunity to develop the research strengths and capabilities of their research group. These are provided by the Newton Fund as part of the UK's <a href="/wiki/Official_development_assistance" title="Official development assistance">official development assistance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newtonfund_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newtonfund-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Industry fellowships</b> are for academic scientists who want to work on a collaborative project with industry, and for scientists in industry who want to work on a collaborative project with an academic organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-industry_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-industry-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Dorothy Hodgkin fellowships</b> are for outstanding scientists in the UK at an early stage of their research career who require a flexible working pattern due to personal circumstances. These fellowships are named after <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dorothy_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dorothy-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In addition to the award of <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellowship</a> (FRS, HonFRS & ForMemRS) and the <a href="/wiki/Research_fellow" title="Research fellow">Research Fellowships</a> described above, several other <a href="/wiki/Awards,_lectures_and_medals_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society">awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society</a> are also given. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society">List of fellows of the Royal Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of female fellows of the Royal Society">List of female fellows of the Royal Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Royal Fellow of the Royal Society">Royal Fellow of the Royal Society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-elections-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-elections_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elections_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elections_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elections_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elections_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elections_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906183433/https://royalsociety.org/fellows/elections/">"Elections"</a>. London: Royal Society. 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href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.1973.0017">"Prasantha Chandra Mahalanobis, 1893-1972"</a>. <i>Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</i>. <b>19</b>: <span class="nowrap">455–</span>492. 1973. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1973.0017">10.1098/rsbm.1973.0017</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0080-4606">0080-4606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Prasantha+Chandra+Mahalanobis%2C+1893-1972&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E455-%3C%2Fspan%3E492&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1973.0017&rft.issn=0080-4606&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1973.0017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dorothyfrs-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dorothyfrs_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDodson2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Dodson" title="Guy Dodson">Dodson, Guy</a> (2002). 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London: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415043849/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/introducing-imperial/our-people/award-winners/royal-society-fellows/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Society+Fellows&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Imperial+College+London&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fintroducing-imperial%2Four-people%2Faward-winners%2Froyal-society-fellows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aberdeen-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aberdeen_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/9127/">"Three University of Aberdeen researchers elected to Royal Society"</a>. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015815/https://royalsociety.org/people/princess-anne--12566/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Her+Royal+Highness+The+Princess+Royal+Princess+Anne+KG+KT+GCVO+GCStJ+QSO+GCL+FRS+Royal+Fellow&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpeople%2Fprincess-anne--12566%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frsedwards-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frsedwards_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/prince-edward--10961/">"His Royal Highness Prince Edward, Duke of Kent KG GCMG GCVO ADC(P) FRS Royal Fellow"</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117012650/https://royalsociety.org/people/prince-edward--10961/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=His+Royal+Highness+Prince+Edward%2C+Duke+of+Kent+KG+GCMG+GCVO+ADC%28P%29+FRS+Royal+Fellow&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpeople%2Fprince-edward--10961%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frswilliam-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frswilliam_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/prince-william--10960/">"His Royal Highness Prince William, Duke of Cambridge KG KT ADC(P) FRS Royal Fellow"</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117104748/https://royalsociety.org/people/prince-william--10960/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124102351/https://royalsociety.org/people/prince-phillip11663/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Occam's Typewriter. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/sparks-fly-over-royal-society-gender-study-8679986.html">the original</a> on 3 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Sparks+fly+over+Royal+Society+gender+study&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Fsparks-fly-over-royal-society-gender-study-8679986.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cronysim-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cronysim_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2002" class="citation web cs1">Gallagher, Paul (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141230111934/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/features/a-bunch-of-jolly-good-fellows-or-old-cronies-who-dont-deserve-25m-a-year/168228.article">"A bunch of jolly-good fellows or old cronies who don't deserve £25m a year?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/features/a-bunch-of-jolly-good-fellows-or-old-cronies-who-dont-deserve-25m-a-year/168228.article">the original</a> on 30 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+bunch+of+jolly-good+fellows+or+old+cronies+who+don%27t+deserve+%C2%A325m+a+year%3F&rft.pub=Times+Higher+Education&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Fa-bunch-of-jolly-good-fellows-or-old-cronies-who-dont-deserve-25m-a-year%2F168228.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notenoughwomen-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-notenoughwomen_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConnor2002" class="citation web cs1">Connor, Steve (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160525212815/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/royal-societies-not-recruiting-enough-women-say-mps-186734.html">"Royal societies not recruiting enough women, say MPs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sectional+Committee+6%3A+Molecules+of+Life&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fabout-us%2Fcommittees%2Fsectional-committee-6-molecules-of-life-106%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/about-us/committees/sectional-committee-9-patterns-in-populations-109/">"Sectional Committee 9: Patterns in populations"</a>. 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Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/09/11/new-images-released-are-quickly-put-to-use/">the original</a> on 21 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+images+released+are+quickly+put+to+use&rft.pub=Wikimedia+Foundation+blog&rft.date=2014-09-11&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.wikimedia.org%2F2014%2F09%2F11%2Fnew-images-released-are-quickly-put-to-use%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amazin-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amazin_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429121525/https://royalsociety.org/people/brian-cox-12855/">"Professor Brian Cox OBE FRS"</a>. 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"URFs become FRS: Frances Ashcroft, Athene Donald and John Pethica". <i>Notes and Records of the Royal Society</i>. <b>54</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">409–</span>411. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.2000.0181">10.1098/rsnr.2000.0181</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:58095147">58095147</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=URFs+become+FRS%3A+Frances+Ashcroft%2C+Athene+Donald+and+John+Pethica&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E409-%3C%2Fspan%3E411&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2000.0181&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A58095147%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leverhulme-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leverhulme_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118145840/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/grants/leverhulme-trust-senior-research/">"Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship"</a>. Royal Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/grants/leverhulme-trust-senior-research/">the original</a> on 18 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Society+Leverhulme+Trust+Senior+Research+Fellowship&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fgrants-schemes-awards%2Fgrants%2Fleverhulme-trust-senior-research%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newtonfund-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newtonfund_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160515015545/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/grants/newton-advanced-fellowships/">"Newton Advanced Fellowships"</a>. London: Royal Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/grants/newton-advanced-fellowships/">the original</a> on 15 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newton+Advanced+Fellowships&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fgrants-schemes-awards%2Fgrants%2Fnewton-advanced-fellowships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-industry-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-industry_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410040033/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/grants/industry-fellowship/">"Industry Fellowships"</a>. royalsociety.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/grants/industry-fellowship/">the original</a> on 10 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Industry+Fellowships&rft.pub=royalsociety.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fgrants-schemes-awards%2Fgrants%2Findustry-fellowship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dorothy-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dorothy_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906151814/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/grants/dorothy-hodgkin/">"Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship"</a>. London: royalsociety.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/grants/dorothy-hodgkin/">the original</a> on 6 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dorothy+Hodgkin+Fellowship&rft.place=London&rft.pub=royalsociety.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fgrants-schemes-awards%2Fgrants%2Fdorothy-hodgkin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFellow+of+the+Royal+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Template:Fellows of the Royal Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Template talk:Fellows of the Royal Society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fellows of the Royal Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_elected_fellows,_foreign,_and_honorary_members_of_the_Royal_Society231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society">List</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">elected fellows, foreign, and honorary members of the Royal Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1660" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1660">1660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1661" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1661">1661</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1662" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1662">1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1663" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1663">1663</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1664" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1664">1664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1665" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1665">1665</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1666" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1666">1666</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1667" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1667">1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1668" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1668">1668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1669" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1669">1669</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1670" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1670">1670</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1671" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1671">1671</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1672" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1672">1672</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1673" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1673">1673</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1674" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1674">1674</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1675" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1675">1675</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1676" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1676">1676</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1677" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1677">1677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1678" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1678">1678</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1679" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1679">1679</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1680" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1680">1680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1681" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1681">1681</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1682" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1682">1682</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1683" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1683">1683</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1684" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1684">1684</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1685" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1685">1685</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1686" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1686">1686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1687" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1687">1687</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1688" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1688">1688</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1689" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1689">1689</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1690" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1690">1690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1691" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1691">1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1692" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1692">1692</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1693" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1693">1693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1694" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1694">1694</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1695" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1695">1695</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1696" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1696">1696</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1697" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1697">1697</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1698" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1698">1698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1699" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1699">1699</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1700" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1700">1700</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1701" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1701">1701</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1702" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1702">1702</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1703" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1703">1703</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1704" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1704">1704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1705" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1705">1705</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1706" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1706">1706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1707" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1707">1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1708" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1708">1708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1709" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1709">1709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1710" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1710">1710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1711" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1711">1711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1712" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1712">1712</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1713" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1713">1713</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1714" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1714">1714</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1715" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1715">1715</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1716" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1716">1716</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1717" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1717">1717</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1718" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1718">1718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1719" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1719">1719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1720" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1720">1720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1721" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1721">1721</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1722" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1722">1722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1723" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1723">1723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1724" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1724">1724</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1725" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1725">1725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1726" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1726">1726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1727" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1727">1727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1731" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1731">1731</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1732" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1732">1732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1771" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1771">1771</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1773" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1773">1773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1778" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1778">1778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1779" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1779">1779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1784" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1784">1784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1787" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1787">1787</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1788" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1788">1788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1789" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1789">1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1792" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1792">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1793" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1793">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1794" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1794">1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1795" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1795">1795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1796" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1796">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1797" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1797">1797</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1798" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1798">1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1799" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1799">1799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1800" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1800">1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1801" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1801">1801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1802" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1802">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1805" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1805">1805</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1809" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1809">1809</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1811" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1811">1811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1815" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1815">1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1817" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1817">1817</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1819" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1819">1819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1820" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1820">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1829" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1829">1829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1835" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1835">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1839" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1839">1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1849" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1849">1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1857" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1857">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1859" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1859">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1869" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1869">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1879" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1879">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1880" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1880">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1881" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1881">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1889" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1889">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1890" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1890">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1891" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1891">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1892" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1892">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1893" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1893">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1894" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1894">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1895" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1895">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1896" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1896">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1897" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1897">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1898" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1898">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1899" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1899">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1900" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1900">1900</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1901" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1901">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1902" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1902">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1903" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1903">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1904" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1904">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1905" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1905">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1906" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1906">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1907" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1907">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1908" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1908">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1909" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1909">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1910" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1910">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1911" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1911">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1912" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1912">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1913" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1913">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1914" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1914">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1915" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1915">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1916" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1916">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1917" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1917">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1918" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1918">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1919" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1919">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1920" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1920">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1921" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1921">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1922" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1922">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1923" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1923">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1924" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1924">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1925" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1925">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1926" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1926">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1927" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1927">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1928" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1928">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1929" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1929">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1930" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1930">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1931" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1931">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1932" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1932">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1933" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1933">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1934" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1934">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1935" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1935">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1936" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1936">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1937" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1937">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1938" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1938">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1939" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1939">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1940" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1940">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1941" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1941">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1942" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1942">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1943" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1943">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1944" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1944">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1945" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1945">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1946" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1946">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1947" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1947">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1948" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1948">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1949" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1949">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1950" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1950">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1951" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1951">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1952" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1952">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1953" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1953">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1954" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1954">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1955" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1955">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1956" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1956">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1957" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1957">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1958" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1958">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1959" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1959">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1960" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1960">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1961" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1961">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1962" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1962">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1963" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1963">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1964" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1965" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1965">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1966" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1966">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1967" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1967">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1968" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1968">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1969" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1970" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1971" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1971">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1972" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1972">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1973" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1974" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1974">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1975" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1975">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1976" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1976">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1977" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1977">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1978" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1978">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1979" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1979">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1980" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1980">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1981" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1982" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1982">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1983" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1983">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1984" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1984">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1985" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1985">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1986" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1986">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1987" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1987">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1988" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1988">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1989" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1989">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1990" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1990">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1991" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1991">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1992" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1992">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1993" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1994" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1994">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1995" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1995">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1996" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1996">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1997" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1997">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1998" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1999" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1999">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2000" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2000">2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2001" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2002" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2003" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2004" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2004">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2005" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2006" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2007" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2008" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2009" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2010" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2011" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2012" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2013" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2014" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2015" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2016" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2017" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2018" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2019" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2020" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2021" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2022" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2023" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2024" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2024">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alphabetical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_A,_B,_C" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society A, B, C">ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_D,_E,_F" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society D, E, F">DEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_G,_H,_I" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society G, H, I">GHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_J,_K,_L" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society J, K, L">JKL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_M,_N,_O" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society M, N, O">MNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_P,_Q,_R" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society P, Q, R">PQR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_S,_T,_U,_V" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society S, T, U, V">STUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_W,_X,_Y,_Z" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society W, X, Y, Z">WXYZ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_by_election_year" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society by election year">By election year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of female fellows of the Royal Society">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founder_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of founder fellows of the Royal Society">Founder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of original fellows of the Royal Society">Original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_(health_and_human_sciences)" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society (health and human sciences)">Health and human sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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