CINXE.COM
Lighting the way to next generation solar energy | ESS
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-8858311-13"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-8858311-13", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"page_path":location.pathname + location.search + location.hash});</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/hotjar/hotjar.script.js?sac9rm"></script> <link rel="image_src" href="/sites/default/files/images/hero/2018-10/loki_lead.png" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/ess/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/publications/future-science/lighting-way-next-generation-energy" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/node/244115" /> <title>Lighting the way to next generation solar energy | ESS</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_e9dgESbGtXgg71f19rQkwvZvXbP7YAP_3-IlRph0FCM.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=ess&include=eJxdj2tuAyEMhC_E40iRAZe1amyEIcnevhvSKlL_WPPNWBpNVa2MNxDgc1K2WP8Zzk6b2GICQ4dm8UtlBtM1MnoDMd-H7oCyioVX7OGBpu39X1kT8JYTEqM5fE4m-Y5lrA4cftHdCR8W9w1Ny2J0HQbUAf2wv-ePE5b0lZjswOJQJs3zhi1hiRn6JJVdmZdNbZ4a1Ffz5SQ8SIq_5MYGJL6hrDdpIsYPG13boW_NWCGf_lo5r7oflvB48Q" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:300,400,600,700" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_C3zpLvcRllkiWVgt6sALaIoUalXZkrQqBJKpi8e2354.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=ess&include=eJxdj2tuAyEMhC_E40iRAZe1amyEIcnevhvSKlL_WPPNWBpNVa2MNxDgc1K2WP8Zzk6b2GICQ4dm8UtlBtM1MnoDMd-H7oCyioVX7OGBpu39X1kT8JYTEqM5fE4m-Y5lrA4cftHdCR8W9w1Ny2J0HQbUAf2wv-ePE5b0lZjswOJQJs3zhi1hiRn6JJVdmZdNbZ4a1Ffz5SQ8SIq_5MYGJL6hrDdpIsYPG13boW_NWCGf_lo5r7oflvB48Q" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_yRQGPdI76XMtYWgmfeK7lLNtvU7etZO7qXGLqVvnyW0.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=ess&include=eJxdj2tuAyEMhC_E40iRAZe1amyEIcnevhvSKlL_WPPNWBpNVa2MNxDgc1K2WP8Zzk6b2GICQ4dm8UtlBtM1MnoDMd-H7oCyioVX7OGBpu39X1kT8JYTEqM5fE4m-Y5lrA4cftHdCR8W9w1Ny2J0HQbUAf2wv-ePE5b0lZjswOJQJs3zhi1hiRn6JJVdmZdNbZ4a1Ffz5SQ8SIq_5MYGJL6hrDdpIsYPG13boW_NWCGf_lo5r7oflvB48Q" /> </head> <body> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <section id="block-sitemap" class="search-sitemap"> <div class="search-sitemap__inner"> <div class="search-sitemap__content"> <div class="views-exposed-form" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-search-page" id="block-search-form"> <form action="/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-search-page" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="form"> <div class="form-item form-item-s js-form-item js-form-item-s js-form-type-textfield form-group"> <label for="edit-s" class="form-group__label">Search for</label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-s" type="text" id="edit-s" name="s" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text input" placeholder="Search..." /> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-search" type="submit" id="edit-submit-search" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit button--primary" /> </div> </form> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-site-map-navigation-menu" id="block-site-map-navigation"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-site-map-navigation-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="sitemap__1-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-mandate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/335">The ESS Mandate</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle The ESS Mandate sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ess-mandate/ess-story" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">The ESS Story</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-organisation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/336">ESS Organisation</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle ESS Organisation sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-organisation/governance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/337">Governance</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Governance sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__4-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/councilmeetings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248057">Council Meetings</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ess-organisation/committees" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/338">Committees</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/news-press" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/339">News & Press</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle News & Press sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/media-bank" data-drupal-link-system-path="media-bank">Media Bank</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/redirects/articles" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/579">Web Articles</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/75864">Publications</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/legal-ip" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/503">Legal</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Legal sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/privacy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6622">ESS Privacy and Cookies Policies</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/346">Contact ESS</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-instruments" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science & Instruments</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/38">Science Using Neutrons</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Science Using Neutrons sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/chemistry-materials-magnetic-electronic-phenomena" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25">Chemistry of Materials, Magnetic & Electronic Phenomena</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/engineering-materials-geosciences-archeology-heritage-conservation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Engineering Materials, Geosciences, Archeology & Heritage Conservation and Fast Neutron Applications</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/life-science-soft-condensed-matter" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Life Science & Soft Condensed Matter</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/particle-physics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300">Particle Physics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/futurescience" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248051">Future Science: What will we see at聽ESS?</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Future Science: What will we see at聽ESS? sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__4-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/engineering-materials" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244096">Safer, lighter and stronger engineering materials</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/3D-printing-space-exploration" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244102">Fine-tuning 3D printing for space exploration</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/fight-against-air-pollution" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245580">New tools in the fight against air pollution and global warming</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/exploring-powerhouse-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244103">Exploring the powerhouse of life</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/better-superconductors-improve-cancer-diagnosis" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244109">Better superconductors to improve cancer diagnosis</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/most-effective-cancer-drugs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245578">Bringing the most effective cancer drugs to market sooner</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/lighting-way-next-generation-energy" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244115">Lighting the way to next generation solar energy</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/new-battery-materials" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245269">New battery materials for a renewable energy future</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/promise-of-big-data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245306">Delivering on the Promise of Big Data</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/disorder-essential-to-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245263">Putting a finger on the disorder essential to life</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/unlocking-secrets-of-water" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244118">Unlocking the secrets of water</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/instruments" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/35">Instruments</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Instruments sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/beer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/560">BEER</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/bifrost" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/553">BIFROST</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/cspec" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/571">CSPEC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/dream" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/561">DREAM</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/estia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/393">ESTIA</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/freia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/392">FREIA</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/heimdal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/576">HEIMDAL</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/loki" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/577">LOKI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/magic" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/636">MAGIC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/miracles" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/637">MIRACLES</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/nmx" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/598">NMX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/odin" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/599">ODIN</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/skadi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/638">SKADI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/t-rex" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/639">T-REX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/vespa" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/640">VESPA</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/data-management-software-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/501">Data Management & Software Centre</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Data Management & Software Centre sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/data-management-software/computing-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/502">Computing Centre</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/labs-and-sample-environment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/507">Labs and Sample Environment</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Labs and Sample Environment sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/premp" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/534">PREMP</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/fluco" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/535">FLUCO</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/tefi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/536">TEFI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/demax" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/537">DEMAX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/sulf" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/538">SULF</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/mesi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/539">MESI</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/node/248070" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248070">Committees</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/forusers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/540">For Users</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ESSscientists" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248090">ESS Scientists</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ScienceEvents" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248100">Science Events</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/sciencehighlights" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248135">Highlights of Published Papers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/technology" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/accelerator" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/588">Accelerator</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Accelerator sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/how-it-works" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/597">How It Works</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/linac" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/606">LINAC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/beam-physics-operation-beam-diagnostics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/603">Beam Physics & Beam Diagnostics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/cryogenics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/604">Cryogenics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/vacuum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/247984">Vacuum</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/radio-frequency-systems" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/605">Radio Frequency Systems</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/acceleratorteststands" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/247985">Accelerator Test Stands</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/target" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/587">Target</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Target sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/target/how-it-works" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/632">How the Target works</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/controls" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/590">Controls</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-ess" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/building-project" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">The Building Project</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle The Building Project sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/site-architecture-energy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/366">Site, Architecture & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/licensing-planning" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/367">Licensing & Planning</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/radiation-protection-safety" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/368">Radiation Protection & Safety</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/site-weekly-updates" data-drupal-link-system-path="site-weekly-updates/2023">Progress reports from the ESS site</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/aerial" data-drupal-link-system-path="aerial">Aerial Views</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/partnerships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/in-kind-contributions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/374">In-Kind Contributions</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/doing-business-ess" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/347">Doing business with ESS</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Doing business with ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/supplierinformation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248056">Supplier Information</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/procurement/listings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/390">Procurement Listings</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/procurement/contract-award-notices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/391">Contract Award Notices</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/grants" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/397">Grants</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers/vacancies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19">Vacancies</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/332">Living & Working in Scandinavia</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Living & Working in Scandinavia sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia/sweden" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/333">In Sweden</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia/denmark" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/334">In Denmark</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers/family-support" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/302">ESS Family Support</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="site-container"> <header role="banner" class="site-header"> <div class="site-header__behind" data-behind-ess> <nav class="site-header__behind-list"> <a href="https://mail.esss.lu.se/owa/auth/logon.aspx?replaceCurrent=1&url=https%3a%2f%2fmail.esss.lu.se%2fowa%2f" class="site-header__behind-link"> <i class="icon icon--email"></i> <div class="site-header__behind-title">Webmail</div> </a> <a href="https://confluence.esss.lu.se/login.action" class="site-header__behind-link"> <i class="icon icon--inside"></i> <div class="site-header__behind-title">ESS Inside</div> </a> </nav> </div> <div id="block-mobile-menu" class="mobile-menu"> <nav id="block-main-navigation-mobile" class="mobile-nav"> <ul class="mobile-nav__items"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/about" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle About ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="About ESS sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ess-mandate">The ESS Mandate</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ess-organisation">ESS Organisation</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/news-press">News & Press</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/publications">Publications</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/legal-ip">Legal</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/contact">Contact ESS</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item mobile-nav__item--current mobile-nav__item--active"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/science-instruments" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science & Instruments</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Science & Instruments sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Science & Instruments sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/science-using-neutrons">Science Using Neutrons</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/instruments">Instruments</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/data-management-software-centre">Data Management & Software Centre</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/labs-and-sample-environment">Labs and Sample Environment</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/node/248070">Committees</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/science-support-systems/forusers">For Users</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ESSscientists">ESS Scientists</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ScienceEvents">Science Events</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/sciencehighlights">Highlights of Published Papers</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/technology" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Technology sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Technology sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/accelerator">Accelerator</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/target">Target</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/controls">Controls</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/building-ess" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Building ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Building ESS sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/building-project">The Building Project</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/site-weekly-updates">Progress reports from the ESS site</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/aerial">Aerial Views</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/partnerships" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Partnerships sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Partnerships sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/in-kind-contributions">In-Kind Contributions</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/doing-business-ess">Doing business with ESS</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/grants">Grants</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/careers" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Careers sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Careers sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/careers/vacancies">Vacancies</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/living-working-scandinavia">Living & Working in Scandinavia</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/careers/family-support">ESS Family Support</a> </nav> </li></ul> </nav> </div> <div id="block-header-top" class="site-header__top"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-secondary-navigation-menu" id="block-secondary-navigation" class="site-header__top-nav"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondary-navigation-menu">Secondary navigation</h2> <ul class="navigation"> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="https://publications.ess.eu/" title="ESS Publications Portal" class="navigation__link">Publications Portal</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/contact" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/346">Contact</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/news-press" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/339">Press</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a class="navigation__link" target="_blank" data-behind-ess-toggler> <i class="icon icon--arrow-down-small"></i>Behind ESS</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="block-header-main" class="site-header__main"> <div class="site-header__main__inner"> <div id="block-site-branding" class="site-header__logo"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/themes/custom/ess/logo.svg" alt="Home" /> </a> </div> <nav class="site-header__main-menu" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-main-navigation-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-main-navigation-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="navigation navigation--main-menu"> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/about" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ess-mandate"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/long%20pulse%20performance_550_0.png?h=633228d6&itok=X8zqIpM_" width="90" height="90" alt="ess long pulse slide" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">The ESS Mandate</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ess-organisation"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2017-09/organisation.jpg?itok=7wkglOG2" width="90" height="90" alt="organisation" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Organisation</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/news-press"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/_MG_3333.jpg?h=e3678651&itok=whQzNdZU" width="90" height="90" alt="News and Press" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">News & Press</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/publications"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2018-07/waterDreamPromo_300ppi.jpg?h=9003c45f&itok=4h5uSAbr" width="90" height="90" alt="alt" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Publications</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/legal-ip"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2017-12/legalDoc_220.png?itok=hmVl8eiY" width="90" height="64" alt="legal and ip" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Legal</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/contact"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/ESS_Logo_Frugal_White-on-blue_cmyk_External%20Use.jpg?h=a53c1963&itok=Aw6xfKL4" width="90" height="90" alt="contact ess " loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Contact ESS</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/science-instruments" class="navigation__link navigation__link--current" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science & Instruments</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/science-using-neutrons"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-08/MakowskaJParc_1200.jpg?h=293adc18&itok=5hB199v8" width="90" height="90" alt="Science using neutrons" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Science Using Neutrons</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/instruments"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-07/instruments_blue_1200.png?h=b2a212ad&itok=JzaQVGuf" width="90" height="90" alt="instruments" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Instruments</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/data-management-software-centre"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/dmsc%20chevron%20banner_1400.png?h=66b05cb6&itok=L_wKTjh7" width="90" height="90" alt="dmsc" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Data Management & Software Centre</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/labs-and-sample-environment"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/Magnet_4.jpg?h=00e18867&itok=zKHA4a7j" width="90" height="90" alt="sss magnet" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Labs and Sample Environment</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/node/248070"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2021-12/IKON17_formation%20sign_Full%20external%20view%20-%20May%20be%20used%20freely%20in%20alla%20available%20channels.%20.jpg?itok=Ncd8qJ-n" width="90" height="60" alt="Inauguration" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Committees</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/science-support-systems/forusers"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2023-12/E04%20lab%20people%20Katrin.JPG?itok=QAtE_ZzV" width="90" height="53" alt="Lab Kat" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">For Users</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ESSscientists"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2021-09/3792558.jpg?itok=8Strvvz3" width="90" height="60" alt="Scientist at work" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Scientists</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ScienceEvents"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2024-02/diffraction.png?itok=yLNb-GsF" width="90" height="49" alt="diffraction" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Science Events</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/sciencehighlights"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2024-10/Science%20papers%20%282%29.jpeg?itok=zZguiNS8" width="90" height="44" alt="Science papers image" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Highlights of Published Papers</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/technology" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/accelerator"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/acc_banner_1000.png?h=cb801f2f&itok=EC37vyla" width="90" height="90" alt="ess accelerator" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Accelerator</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/target"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/target6_Internal%20Use_External%20View.png?h=ff15ea50&itok=XO28MPl3" width="90" height="90" alt="target monolith" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Target</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/controls"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2018-09/Screen%20Shot%202018-09-13%20at%2017.05.48.png?h=a10cddb0&itok=X1_iSQnJ" width="90" height="90" alt="ess ics" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Controls</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/building-ess" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/building-project"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/A02-40_level100_drawing_1200.png?h=53a98cd7&itok=F9Us25Lr" width="90" height="90" alt="Building project" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">The Building Project</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/site-weekly-updates"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2018-07/P1140318_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.jpg?h=c7bfd0d4&itok=9lwg-gR4" width="90" height="90" alt="weekly construction updates" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Progress reports from the ESS site</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/aerial"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/18012016-193-1_Internal%20Use_External%20View.jpg?h=0273d20e&itok=2p1nefxU" width="90" height="90" alt="ess aerial snow" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Aerial Views</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/partnerships" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/in-kind-contributions"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/tartu2.png?h=9195438e&itok=L3Hm0xYi" width="90" height="90" alt="tartu pump probe" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">In-Kind Contributions</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/doing-business-ess"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/P1090741_Internal%20Use%20Only.jpg?h=4e9d5992&itok=PgyVtvfk" width="90" height="90" alt="procurement" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Doing business with ESS</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/grants"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/20131004_Partner%20and%20Industry%20Day%209.jpg?h=d142f1ab&itok=OjUzVEZE" width="90" height="90" alt="partner day" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Grants</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/careers" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/careers/vacancies"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/staffMontage_1919.jpg?h=ef1077af&itok=wBEDJhQO" width="90" height="90" alt="careers" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Vacancies</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/living-working-scandinavia"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/bridge_blue_2000.jpg?h=0d105c19&itok=auzcJxmP" width="90" height="90" alt="scandinavia" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Living & Working in Scandinavia</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/careers/family-support"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/15062017-276-48-RE_Internal%20Use_External%20View.jpg?h=001871cd&itok=Ry_F7Xe2" width="90" height="90" alt="family" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Family Support</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <button class="button-icon" mobile-menu-toggler> <i class="icon icon--burger" mobile-menu-open-icon></i> <i class="icon icon--close" style="display: none;" mobile-menu-close-icon></i> </button> <div class="site-header__search"> <button class="sitemap-toggler"><i class="icon icon--search"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="site-messages"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <main class="site-content" role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="block-content"> <div class="node node--type-topic node--view-mode-full"> <div class="topic-tier-one"> <header class="topic-tier-one__header"> <div class="content-topic-hero-image fade-linear"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/topic_image_tier_one/public/images/hero/2018-10/loki_lead.png?itok=x3cd2Wsg 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="1661" height="842"/> <img class="image" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/topic_image_tier_one/public/images/hero/2018-10/loki_lead.png?itok=x3cd2Wsg" width="1661" height="842" alt="LOKI Lighting the way to next generation energy" /> </picture> </div> <h1 class="content-topic-title">Lighting the way to next generation solar energy</h1> <p class="intro content-topic-hero-text">Can solar technology keep pace with the sustainable energy systems of the future? <br /> <br /> Research at the European Spallation Source will contribute to the development of organic solar cells, paving the way to higher performing and less expensive solar energy devices and encouraging their widespread deployment.</p> </header> <div class="topic-tier-one__content"> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="658dfaa8-64ea-40c1-b112-47316be962d8" class="align-right embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-call-to-action embedded-block-content-call-to-action--full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="call-to-action call-to-action--"> <p>This feature is part of the聽<a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/futurescience"><strong>Future Science</strong></a> series; a聽set of stories highlighting some of聽the research opportunities that will be made possible by the instruments under construction at聽ESS.聽</p> <a href="/futurescience" class="button button--primary">Future Science</a> </div> </div> <p class="lead">Sunlight is the most abundant energy source on planet Earth. It is clean and renewable, and scientists have been working to find better ways to exploit its potential for more than a century.</p> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--two-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <p>While many commercial solar energy systems are already in use around the world, the industry continues to face significant challenges that prevent a wider reliance on solar energy as a primary energy source. One of the biggest challenges is the cost of production for solar energy systems that use silicon-based solar cells. Another major challenge is that traditional solar energy systems are composed of thick, rigid sheets that require fixed installation points, a constraint that limits their applications and aesthetic appeal.</p> <p>Organic solar cells are a promising alternative to silicon-based cells. Unlike their bulky cousins, they are lightweight and can both bend and be made transparent, delivering a more versatile, attractive and inexpensive solar energy solution. There remains a major barrier to their broader application, however: they are currently very inefficient. The reason for this, and its solution, lies at the nanoscale.</p> </section> <section class="section section--text"> <p>Organic solar cells work by placing a mixture of polymers between two conductive layers. Upon illumination, the polymer mixture converts photons from sunlight into electron movement, which in turn is captured by the conductive layers as a voltage across the device. These polymers play different roles in converting photons into a current, and must work in tandem across the whole length of the solar cell. To achieve this, the polymers must be mixed at the nanoscale, but they do not naturally mix well. There are, therefore, many processing steps required to achieve a distribution that will deliver optimum efficiencies.</p> <p>Scientists are able to look at the polymer structures and measure the electrical properties of an inert solar cell, but it is not currently possible to analyse a cell while it is operating. Understanding changes in the arrangement of polymers as the cell warms up, for example, or as it discharges a current, is crucial to our ability to exploit this exceptional technology for everyday use.</p> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="58b79022-43fe-4d66-ad1a-acab14337646" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-blockquote embedded-block-content-blockquote--full"> <div><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>Sunlight is the most abundant energy source on planet Earth, and scientists have been working to exploit its potential for more than a century.</p> </blockquote> </div> </div> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.panoramic_wide" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="85a393d5-212f-4e0d-8f94-c7c6534bef3e" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media media-image media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media__content"> <a href="/sites/default/files/images/media/2018-10/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1502_Dr_Scott_Watkins_holding_a_sheet_of_flexible_solar_cells.jpg"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2018-10/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1502_Dr_Scott_Watkins_holding_a_sheet_of_flexible_solar_cells.jpg?h=ac7de4ab&itok=SRe477Gl 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1920" height="640"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2018-10/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1502_Dr_Scott_Watkins_holding_a_sheet_of_flexible_solar_cells.jpg?h=ac7de4ab&itok=SRe477Gl" width="1920" height="640" alt="CSIRO ScienceImage Dr Scott Watkins holding a sheet of flexible solar cells" /></picture></a> </div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>An A3 sheet of flexible organic solar cells printed on a solar cell printer at CSIRO in Australia.</p> </div> <div class="credit"><p>Photo:聽CSIRO</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <p>聽</p> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--two-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <h3>What will we see at ESS?</h3> <p>Neutrons are particularly well suited to analysing the nanoscale polymer mixture of an organic solar cell and neutron scattering remains one of the keys to solving the efficiency puzzle. The high intensity of the ESS neutron source brings these research capabilities to the next level, opening up the field to breakthrough discoveries.</p> <p>The ESS instrument LOKI, together with its state-of-the-art sample environment equipment, will enable scientists to simultaneously highlight the actions of multiple system components while they are subjected to multiple environmental conditions. These include the temperature fluctuations and physical stresses experienced by organic solar cell polymers during operation. Only with the unprecedented neutron brightness of ESS is it possible to assemble this remarkably complex matrix of data.</p> <p>LOKI鈥檚 appetite for complexity, combined with its ability to conduct experiments while a solar cell is in operation, means it will give scientists an unprecedented look at how to optimise the efficiency of organic solar cells. Successful optimisation will make the technology suitable for mainstream use, enabling a dramatic reduction in the cost of solar energy systems and positioning solar energy as a truly ubiquitous clean energy source.</p> </section> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.custom" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="7e0e781c-2921-4f9f-8074-b8ee5467d98c" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--custom"> <div class="media media-image media-image--custom"> <div class="media__content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/custom/public/images/media/2018-10/loki_hexagon_composite.png?itok=hxcewTva" width="2544" height="1930" alt="LOKI cerebral autopsy specimen and solar cell panel" loading="lazy" /></div> <footer class="media__footer"></footer></div> </div> <h3>Beyond solar cells</h3> <p>While it will address a broad range of materials and natural science challenges, LOKI is also optimised to perform experiments in the life sciences. For example, LOKI will help to improve our understanding of the biological processes behind ageing and certain diseases. The instrument may be used, for instance, to analyse the amyloid plaque deposits that disrupt brain function in Alzheimer鈥檚 patients. Such studies will inform new forms of prevention or treatment in the future, thereby contributing to not only a healthier planet but healthier people as well.</p> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.panoramic_standard" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="75edf5ba-bb36-425f-b142-2329ddbc095d" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--panoramic-standard"> <div class="media media-image media-image--panoramic-standard"> <div class="media__content"> <a href="/sites/default/files/images/media/2018-10/20150420_active_regions_171_RT1_web.jpg"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_standard/public/images/media/2018-10/20150420_active_regions_171_RT1_web.jpg?h=5549704d&itok=KtbZWBlw 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1840" height="920"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_standard/public/images/media/2018-10/20150420_active_regions_171_RT1_web.jpg?h=5549704d&itok=KtbZWBlw" width="1840" height="920" alt="LOKI sun active regions" /></picture></a> </div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="credit"><p>Image:聽NASA/SDO</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--divided layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <h3>LOKI</h3> <p><a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/instruments/loki">LOKI</a>聽is a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument designed to support experiments facing high complexity and heterogeneity, which are typical in the fields of soft matter, biophysics and materials science.</p> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.panoramic_wide" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="9b5203b1-fad0-4bc8-acdf-f4ff75669b4b" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media media-image media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media__content"> <a href="/sites/default/files/images/media/2018-10/instruments_layout_loki.png"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2018-10/instruments_layout_loki.png?itok=qkbsRkZA 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="1920" height="1478"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2018-10/instruments_layout_loki.png?itok=qkbsRkZA" width="1920" height="1478" alt="Instrument layout - LOKI" /></picture></a> </div> <footer class="media__footer"></footer></div> </div> </section> <section class="section section--text"> <p>Fifteen instruments are currently under construction at ESS.</p> <p>The in-kind partner institutions collaborating with ESS to design and build <a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/instruments/loki">LOKI</a> are:</p> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.landscape_small" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="ccaf0651-110a-4473-b398-b833f6dea977" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--landscape-small"> <div class="media media-image media-image--landscape-small"> <div class="media__content"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2018-10/2473_web_1.jpg?itok=esMe8mgN 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="880" height="191"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2018-10/2473_web_1.jpg?itok=esMe8mgN" width="880" height="191" alt="STFC Science and Technology Facilities Council logo" /></picture></div> <footer class="media__footer"></footer></div> </div> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="7347caa6-0cce-453e-a027-0e28fe36c23d" class="align-right embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-call-to-action embedded-block-content-call-to-action--full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="call-to-action call-to-action--"> <p><em>Lighting the way to next generation energy</em></p> <a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/sites/default/files/files/document/2018-08/108139_v8_Proof_ESS_4_x_4pp_LOKI_DIGITAL.pdf" class="button button--primary">Download PDF</a> </div> </div> <p>This feature is part of an聽ongoing <a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/publications#future"><strong>Future Science</strong></a> series; a聽set of stories highlighting some of聽the research opportunities that will be made possible by <a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/instruments">instruments currently under construction</a> at ESS.</p> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.landscape_medium" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="69a67fe1-e4b6-4a62-a902-22b5632b4cc0" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--landscape-medium"> <div class="media media-image media-image--landscape-medium"> <div class="media__content"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2018-10/brightness_eu_logos_composite.png?itok=KXLKWVs4 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="880" height="101"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2018-10/brightness_eu_logos_composite.png?itok=KXLKWVs4" width="880" height="101" alt="brightness + eu" /></picture></div> <footer class="media__footer"></footer></div> </div> </section> </div> </section> </div> <footer class="topic-tier-one__footer"> <div class="topic-tier-one__footer__inner"><div class="views-element-container entity-row related-articles site-section"> <div class="row"> <h2 class="related-articles__title">Related Articles</h2> </div> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-fb9a03501df4f07458ffb461de7bfbd06cd6d4214623046d379274b75bea1a57"> <div class="row"> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/11/26/driving-innovation-srf-technology-highlights-ttc-meeting-lund" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/TTC%20meeting.jpg?itok=gHb2bz0s 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/TTC%20meeting.jpg?itok=gHb2bz0s" width="640" height="460" alt="TTC meeting" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2024/11/26/driving-innovation-srf-technology-highlights-ttc-meeting-lund" rel="bookmark"> Driving Innovation in SRF Technology: Highlights from the TTC Meeting in Lund </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2024-11-26">Nov 26, 2024</time><a href="/article/2024/11/26/driving-innovation-srf-technology-highlights-ttc-meeting-lund" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/11/20/accelerator-magnets-ready-beam" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/Magnet%20groupie.jpeg?itok=_dAxEFBj 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/Magnet%20groupie.jpeg?itok=_dAxEFBj" width="640" height="460" alt="Magnet group A2T" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2024/11/20/accelerator-magnets-ready-beam" rel="bookmark"> Accelerator Magnets Ready for Beam </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2024-11-20">Nov 20, 2024</time><a href="/article/2024/11/20/accelerator-magnets-ready-beam" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/11/12/cutting-edge-detector-technology-ess-detector-lab" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/DSC_8559.jpeg?itok=iH_KsrXW 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/DSC_8559.jpeg?itok=iH_KsrXW" width="640" height="460" alt="Detector Lab Utg氓rd" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2024/11/12/cutting-edge-detector-technology-ess-detector-lab" rel="bookmark"> Cutting-Edge Detector Technology at ESS Detector Lab </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2024-11-12">Nov 12, 2024</time><a href="/article/2024/11/12/cutting-edge-detector-technology-ess-detector-lab" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/11/04/warm-coupler-conditioning-completed-ess-accelerator-prepares-cold-operation" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/WCC%20completion.png?itok=Telx0ZEU 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/WCC%20completion.png?itok=Telx0ZEU" width="640" height="460" alt="WCC team" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2024/11/04/warm-coupler-conditioning-completed-ess-accelerator-prepares-cold-operation" rel="bookmark"> Warm Coupler Conditioning Completed - ESS Accelerator Prepares for Cold Operation </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2024-11-04">Nov 04, 2024</time><a href="/article/2024/11/04/warm-coupler-conditioning-completed-ess-accelerator-prepares-cold-operation" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="more-link"> <a href="/articles" class="button-link button-link--primary">See all articles<i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-section"> <div><div class="block_content block_content--type-no_dead_end block_content--view-mode-full"> <div class="no-dead-ends"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-4"> </div> <div class="col-lg-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6"> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer role="contentinfo" class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer__section"> <div class="site-footer__logo"> <object class="site-footer__logo-graphic" data="https://europeanspallationsource.se/themes/custom/ess/graphics/logo-small.svg" type="image/svg+xml"></object> </div> <div class="site-footer__copyright"> <span>© ESS. All rights reserved</span> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__section"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footer-menu-menu" id="block-footer-menu" class="site-footer__menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-footer-menu-menu">Footer menu</h2> <ul class="navigation"> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/user/login" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/login">Login</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/privacy" title="ESS Privacy and Cookies Policies" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6622">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="https://sress.ess.eu/" title="SRE ESS" class="navigation__link">SRE ESS</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="site-footer__social-media" role="list" > <a href="http://www.twitter.com/essneutron" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on Twitter" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--twitter"></i></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/europeanspallationsource" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on Facebook" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--facebook"></i></a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/326252" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on LinkedIn" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--linkedin"></i></a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/244115","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"entity_embed\/caption,ess\/behind-ess,ess\/custom-images,ess\/font.source-sans-pro,ess\/global,ess\/icons.font-awesome,ess\/legacy-content,ess\/main-menu,ess\/mobile-menu,ess\/sitemap,ess\/tables,extlink\/drupal.extlink,google_analytics\/google_analytics,paragraphs\/drupal.paragraphs.unpublished,system\/base,views\/views.module","theme":"ess","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/search":true},"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-8858311-13","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackUrlFragments":true},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"127.0.0.1:8000","extInclude":"sites\/default\/files\/","extCssExclude":".site-footer__social-media,\r\n.twitter-block,\r\n.site-header\r\n","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":null}},"panels_ipe":{"user_permission":null},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"f4b00ee70f94a9cc458caba3970910ce9ead53226f53385045fb7c2b72e3cc73"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_e_pwGRoYK4B3kZeXU-dC_FAqotboucQQw7046dqrXrQ.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ess&include=eJxdj2tuAyEMhC_E40iRAZe1amyEIcnevhvSKlL_WPPNWBpNVa2MNxDgc1K2WP8Zzk6b2GICQ4dm8UtlBtM1MnoDMd-H7oCyioVX7OGBpu39X1kT8JYTEqM5fE4m-Y5lrA4cftHdCR8W9w1Ny2J0HQbUAf2wv-ePE5b0lZjswOJQJs3zhi1hiRn6JJVdmZdNbZ4a1Ffz5SQ8SIq_5MYGJL6hrDdpIsYPG13boW_NWCGf_lo5r7oflvB48Q"></script> <script src="https://use.fontawesome.com/e87ab3b287.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_7j34Gx6PUUmOn2XGCTEpuNPQoB2LDAW78Z5l76Q8aPo.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=ess&include=eJxdj2tuAyEMhC_E40iRAZe1amyEIcnevhvSKlL_WPPNWBpNVa2MNxDgc1K2WP8Zzk6b2GICQ4dm8UtlBtM1MnoDMd-H7oCyioVX7OGBpu39X1kT8JYTEqM5fE4m-Y5lrA4cftHdCR8W9w1Ny2J0HQbUAf2wv-ePE5b0lZjswOJQJs3zhi1hiRn6JJVdmZdNbZ4a1Ffz5SQ8SIq_5MYGJL6hrDdpIsYPG13boW_NWCGf_lo5r7oflvB48Q"></script> </body> </html>