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vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Themes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Themes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Themes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Influences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarly_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarly_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Scholarly criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarly_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audience_emotional_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audience_emotional_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Audience emotional response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audience_emotional_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Release </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Release-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Release subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Marketing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatrical_run" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatrical_run"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Theatrical run </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatrical_run-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Box_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Box office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Critical reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Home media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Impact_on_the_film_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_the_film_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Impact on the film industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_the_film_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Rankings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations_and_merchandise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations_and_merchandise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Adaptations and merchandise </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations_and_merchandise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Tributes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sequels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sequels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sequels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sequels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jaws (film)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" > 61 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws" title="Jaws – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jaws" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85)" title="الفك المفترس (فيلم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفك المفترس (فيلم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws_(cinta)" title="Jaws (cinta) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Jaws (cinta)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="چنه‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چنه‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B8_(%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0)" title="জস (চলচ্চিত্র) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জস (চলচ্চিত্র)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws" title="Jaws – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jaws" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC)" title="Сківіцы (фільм) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сківіцы (фільм)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC)" title="Челюсти (филм) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Челюсти (филм)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taur%C3%B3_(pel%C2%B7l%C3%ADcula)" title="Tauró (pel·lícula) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tauró (pel·lícula)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Celisti_(film)" title="Čelisti (film) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čelisti (film)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws" title="Jaws – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jaws" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B8dens_gab" title="Dødens gab – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dødens gab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_wei%C3%9Fe_Hai" title="Der weiße Hai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Der weiße Hai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τα σαγόνια του καρχαρία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τα σαγόνια του καρχαρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo_squalo" title="Lo squalo – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lo squalo" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibur%C3%B3n_(pel%C3%ADcula)" title="Tiburón (película) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tiburón (película)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws" title="Jaws – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jaws" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws" title="Jaws – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jaws" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="آرواره‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرواره‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Dents_de_la_mer" title="Les Dents de la mer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Les Dents de la mer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jaws (film)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibur%C3%B3n_(filme)" title="Tiburón (filme) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tiburón (filme)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%A0%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%98%81%ED%99%94)" title="죠스 (영화) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="죠스 (영화)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B4)" title="Ծնոտներ (ֆիլմ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծնոտներ (ֆիլմ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_(%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AB_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE)" title="जॉज़ (१९७५ फ़िल्म) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉज़ (१९७५ फ़िल्म)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralje_(1975.)" title="Ralje (1975.) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ralje (1975.)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws" title="Jaws – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jaws" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo_squalo_(film)" title="Lo squalo (film) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lo squalo (film)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98)" title="מלתעות (סרט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלתעות (סרט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws" title="Jaws – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jaws" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws_(pellicula)" title="Jaws (pellicula) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Jaws (pellicula)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDok%C4%BCi_(filma)" title="Žokļi (filma) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žokļi (filma)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws" title="Jaws – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jaws" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_c%C3%A1pa_(film)" title="A cápa (film) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A cápa (film)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%98%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC)" title="Ајкула (филм) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ајкула (филм)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="ജാസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജാസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="الفك المفترس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفك المفترس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws_(filem)" title="Jaws (filem) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jaws (filem)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE)" title="Эрүү (кино) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрүү (кино)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jaws (film)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="ジョーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haisommer" title="Haisommer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Haisommer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szcz%C4%99ki_(film)" title="Szczęki (film) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szczęki (film)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubar%C3%A3o_(filme)" title="Tubarão (filme) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tubarão (filme)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83lci_(film)" title="Fălci (film) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fălci (film)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC)" title="Челюсти (фильм) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Челюсти (фильм)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jaws (film)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws" title="Jaws – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jaws" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws_(movie)" title="Jaws (movie) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jaws (movie)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%BEuste_(film)" title="Čeľuste (film) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čeľuste (film)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDrelo_(film)" title="Žrelo (film) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Žrelo (film)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%98%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC)" title="Ајкула (филм) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ајкула (филм)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws" title="Jaws – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jaws" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tappajahai_(elokuva)" title="Tappajahai (elokuva) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tappajahai (elokuva)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajen" title="Hajen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hajen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA" title="จอว์ส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จอว์ส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denizin_Di%C5%9Fleri" title="Denizin Dişleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Denizin Dişleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1975 thriller film by Steven Spielberg</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Jaws</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaws_movie_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Movie poster shows a woman in the ocean swimming to the right. Below her is a large shark, and only its head and open mouth with teeth can be seen. Within the image is the film's title and above it in a surrounding black background is the phrase "The most terrifying motion picture from the terrifying No. 1 best seller." The bottom of the image details the starring actors and lists credits and the MPAA rating."><img alt="Movie poster shows a woman in the ocean swimming to the right. Below her is a large shark, and only its head and open mouth with teeth can be seen. Within the image is the film's title and above it in a surrounding black background is the phrase "The most terrifying motion picture from the terrifying No. 1 best seller." The bottom of the image details the starring actors and lists credits and the MPAA rating." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jaws_movie_poster.jpg/220px-Jaws_movie_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jaws_movie_poster.jpg/330px-Jaws_movie_poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jaws_movie_poster.jpg/440px-Jaws_movie_poster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2395" data-file-height="3600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kastel" title="Roger Kastel">Roger Kastel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Benchley" title="Peter Benchley">Peter Benchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gottlieb" title="Carl Gottlieb">Carl Gottlieb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(novel)" title="Jaws (novel)">Jaws</a> by Peter Benchley</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Zanuck" title="Richard D. Zanuck">Richard D. Zanuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(producer)" title="David Brown (producer)">David Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Scheider" title="Roy Scheider">Roy Scheider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(actor)" title="Robert Shaw (actor)">Robert Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Gary" title="Lorraine Gary">Lorraine Gary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Hamilton" title="Murray Hamilton">Murray Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Butler_(cinematographer)" title="Bill Butler (cinematographer)">Bill Butler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Verna_Fields" title="Verna Fields">Verna Fields</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production companies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanuck/Brown_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanuck/Brown Company">Zanuck/Brown Company</a><a href="#cite_note-afi-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a><a href="#cite_note-afi-1">[1]</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Universal Pictures</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>June 20, 1975 (1975-06-20)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">124 minutes<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$9 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$476.5 million</td></tr></tbody></table> Jaws is a 1975 American <a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">thriller film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(novel)" title="Jaws (novel)">the 1974 novel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Benchley" title="Peter Benchley">Peter Benchley</a>. It stars <a href="/wiki/Roy_Scheider" title="Roy Scheider">Roy Scheider</a> as police chief Martin Brody, who, with the help of a marine biologist (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a>) and a professional shark hunter (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(actor)" title="Robert Shaw (actor)">Robert Shaw</a>), hunts a man-eating <a href="/wiki/Great_white_shark" title="Great white shark">great white shark</a> that attacks beachgoers at a summer resort town. <a href="/wiki/Murray_Hamilton" title="Murray Hamilton">Murray Hamilton</a> plays the mayor, and <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Gary" title="Lorraine Gary">Lorraine Gary</a> portrays Brody's wife. The screenplay is credited to Benchley, who wrote the first drafts, and actor-writer <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gottlieb" title="Carl Gottlieb">Carl Gottlieb</a>, who rewrote the script during <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">principal photography</a>. Shot mostly on location at <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> from May to October 1974, Jaws was the first major motion picture to be shot on the ocean and consequently had a troubled production, going over budget and schedule. As the art department's mechanical sharks often malfunctioned, Spielberg decided to mostly suggest the shark's presence, employing an ominous and minimalist theme created by composer <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> to indicate its impending appearances. Spielberg and others have compared this suggestive approach to that of director <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>' release of the film to over 450 screens was an exceptionally wide release for a major studio picture at the time, and it was accompanied by an extensive marketing campaign that heavily emphasized television spots and tie-in merchandise. Regarded as a watershed moment in <a href="/wiki/History_of_film" title="History of film">motion picture history</a>, Jaws was the prototypical summer <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">blockbuster</a> and won several awards for its music and editing. It was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films#Timeline_of_highest-grossing_films" title="List of highest-grossing films">highest-grossing film of all time</a> until the release of <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> two years later; both films were pivotal in establishing the modern Hollywood business model, which pursues high box-office returns from action and adventure films with simple <a href="/wiki/High_concept" title="High concept">high-concept</a> premises, released during the summer in thousands of theaters and advertised heavily. Jaws was followed by <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(franchise)" title="Jaws (franchise)">three sequels</a> (none of which involved Spielberg or Benchley) and many imitative thrillers. In 2001, the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> selected it for preservation in the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2></div> In the <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> beach town of Amity Island,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> a young woman goes for a late-night ocean swim during a beach party. An unseen force attacks and pulls her underwater. Her remains are found washed up on the beach the next morning. After the medical examiner concludes it was a shark attack, newly hired police chief Martin Brody closes the beaches; Mayor Larry Vaughn persuades him to reconsider, fearing the town's summer economy will suffer. The coroner, apparently under pressure, now concurs with the mayor's theory that it was a boating accident. Brody reluctantly accepts their conclusion until a young boy, Alex Kintner, is killed at a crowded beach. A bounty is placed on the shark, causing an amateur shark-hunting frenzy. Quint, an eccentric and roughened local shark hunter, offers his services for $10,000. Consulting oceanographer Matt Hooper examines the girl's remains, confirming that an abnormally large shark killed her. When local fishermen catch a <a href="/wiki/Tiger_shark" title="Tiger shark">tiger shark</a>, Vaughn declares the beaches safe. A skeptical Hooper dissects the tiger shark and, finding no human remains inside its stomach, concludes that the killer shark is still out there. While searching the night waters in Hooper's boat, Hooper and Brody find the half-sunken boat of Ben Gardner, a local fisherman. Hooper dons a scuba suit and goes underwater to check the boat's hull, where he finds a large shark tooth embedded into it. He accidentally drops the tooth in fright after encountering Gardner's corpse. Vaughn dismisses Brody and Hooper's assertions that a <a href="/wiki/Great_white_shark" title="Great white shark">great white shark</a> caused the deaths and refuses to close the beaches, allowing only increased safety precautions. On the Fourth of July weekend, tourists pack the beaches. The shark enters a nearby lagoon, killing a boater and coming close to killing Brody's son. Brody then convinces a guilt-ridden Vaughn to hire Quint. Despite initial tension between Quint and Hooper, as well as Brody's fear of the ocean, the three head out to sea on Quint's boat to hunt for the shark. As Brody lays down a <a href="/wiki/Chumming" title="Chumming">chum</a> line, the shark suddenly appears behind the boat. Quint, estimating it is 25 feet (7.6 m) long and weighs 3 tonnes (3.0 long tons; 3.3 short tons), harpoons it with a line attached to a flotation barrel, but the shark pulls the barrel underwater and disappears. At nightfall, Quint and Hooper drunkenly exchange stories about their assorted body scars. One of Quint's is a removed tattoo, and he reveals that he survived the attack on the <a href="/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)" title="USS Indianapolis (CA-35)">USS Indianapolis</a>, during which many US sailors were killed by sharks. The shark returns, ramming the boat's hull and disabling the power. The men work through the night, repairing the engine. In the morning, Brody attempts to call the Coast Guard, but Quint, obsessed with killing the shark without outside assistance, smashes the radio. After a long chase, Quint harpoons the shark with another barrel. The line is tied to the stern cleats, but the shark drags the boat backward, swamping the deck and flooding the engine compartment. As Quint is about to sever the line to save the boat's transom, the cleats break off. The barrels stay attached to the shark. To Brody's relief, Quint heads toward shore to draw the shark into shallower waters, but the overtaxed engine fails. As the boat takes on water, the trio attempt a riskier approach. Hooper suits up and enters a <a href="/wiki/Shark-proof_cage" class="mw-redirect" title="Shark-proof cage">shark-proof cage</a>, intending to lethally inject the shark with <a href="/wiki/Strychnine" title="Strychnine">strychnine</a> via a hypodermic spear. The shark viciously attacks the cage, causing Hooper to drop the spear. While the shark destroys the cage, Hooper escapes to the seabed. The shark leaps onto the boat's stern, subsequently devouring Quint. Trapped on the sinking vessel, Brody shoves a scuba tank into the shark's mouth and, climbing onto the crow's nest, shoots the tank with a rifle. The resulting explosion kills the shark. Hooper resurfaces and he and Brody paddle back to Amity Island, clinging to the remaining barrels. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steven_Spielberg_Keren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Steven Spielberg in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Steven_Spielberg_Keren.jpg/200px-Steven_Spielberg_Keren.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Steven_Spielberg_Keren.jpg/300px-Steven_Spielberg_Keren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Steven_Spielberg_Keren.jpg/400px-Steven_Spielberg_Keren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption>Director <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Zanuck" title="Richard D. Zanuck">Richard D. Zanuck</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(producer)" title="David Brown (producer)">David Brown</a>, producers at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, independently heard about Peter Benchley's novel <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(novel)" title="Jaws (novel)">Jaws</a>. Brown came across it in the literature section of lifestyle magazine <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)" title="Cosmopolitan (magazine)">Cosmopolitan</a>, then edited by his wife, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Gurley_Brown" title="Helen Gurley Brown">Helen Gurley Brown</a>. A small card written by the magazine's book editor gave a detailed description of the plot, concluding with the comment "might make a good movie".<a href="#cite_note-Priggé6-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The producers each read the book over the course of a single night and agreed the next morning that it was "the most exciting thing that they had ever read" and that they wanted to produce a film version, although they were unsure how it would be accomplished.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap1-7">[7]</a> They purchased the film rights in 1973, before the book's publication, for approximately $175,000 (equivalent to $1,200,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-Brode_50-8">[8]</a> Brown claimed that had they read the book twice, they would never have made the film because they would have realized how difficult it would be to execute certain sequences.<a href="#cite_note-McBride_231-9">[9]</a> To direct, Zanuck and Brown first considered veteran filmmaker <a href="/wiki/John_Sturges" title="John Sturges">John Sturges</a>—whose résumé included another maritime adventure, <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea_(1958_film)" title="The Old Man and the Sea (1958 film)">The Old Man and the Sea</a>—before offering the job to <a href="/wiki/Dick_Richards" title="Dick Richards">Dick Richards</a>, whose directorial debut, <a href="/wiki/The_Culpepper_Cattle_Co." title="The Culpepper Cattle Co.">The Culpepper Cattle Co.</a>, had come out the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-McBride232-10">[10]</a> They soon grew irritated by Richards's habit of describing the shark as a whale and dropped him from the project.<a href="#cite_note-McBride232-10">[10]</a> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> very much wanted the job. The 26-year-old had just directed his first theatrical film, <a href="/wiki/The_Sugarland_Express" title="The Sugarland Express">The Sugarland Express</a>, for Zanuck and Brown. At the end of a meeting in their office, Spielberg noticed their copy of the still-unpublished Benchley novel, and after reading it was immediately captivated.<a href="#cite_note-Brode_50-8">[8]</a> He later observed that it was similar to his 1971 television film <a href="/wiki/Duel_(1971_film)" title="Duel (1971 film)">Duel</a> in that both deal with "these leviathans targeting <a href="/wiki/Everyman" title="Everyman">everymen</a>".<a href="#cite_note-jawschap1-7">[7]</a> He also revealed in "The Making of Jaws" documentary on the 2012 DVD release that he directly referenced Duel by repurposing the sound of the truck being destroyed as the death roar of the shark. After Richards's departure, the producers signed Spielberg to direct in June 1973, before the release of The Sugarland Express.<a href="#cite_note-McBride232-10">[10]</a> Before production began, Spielberg grew reluctant to continue with Jaws, in fear of becoming typecast as the "truck and shark director".<a href="#cite_note-biskind264-11">[11]</a> He wanted to move over to <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Lady" title="Lucky Lady">Lucky Lady</a> instead, but Universal exercised its right under its contract with the director to veto his departure.<a href="#cite_note-McBride240-12">[12]</a> Brown helped convince Spielberg to stick with the project, saying that "after [Jaws], you can make all the films you want".<a href="#cite_note-biskind264-11">[11]</a> The film was given an estimated budget of $3.5 million and a shooting schedule of 55 days. <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> was set to begin in May 1974. Universal wanted the shoot to finish by the end of June, when the major studios' contract with the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a> was due to expire, to avoid any disruptions due to a potential strike.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaws_(1974)_back_cover_featuring_a_portrait_photograph_of_Peter_Benchley_by_Alex_Gotfryd,_first_edition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A portrait photograph of Peter Benchley, 1974" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jaws_%281974%29_back_cover_featuring_a_portrait_photograph_of_Peter_Benchley_by_Alex_Gotfryd%2C_first_edition.jpg/180px-Jaws_%281974%29_back_cover_featuring_a_portrait_photograph_of_Peter_Benchley_by_Alex_Gotfryd%2C_first_edition.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jaws_%281974%29_back_cover_featuring_a_portrait_photograph_of_Peter_Benchley_by_Alex_Gotfryd%2C_first_edition.jpg/270px-Jaws_%281974%29_back_cover_featuring_a_portrait_photograph_of_Peter_Benchley_by_Alex_Gotfryd%2C_first_edition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jaws_%281974%29_back_cover_featuring_a_portrait_photograph_of_Peter_Benchley_by_Alex_Gotfryd%2C_first_edition.jpg/360px-Jaws_%281974%29_back_cover_featuring_a_portrait_photograph_of_Peter_Benchley_by_Alex_Gotfryd%2C_first_edition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="1708" /></a><figcaption>The screenplay for Jaws was primarily written by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Benchley" title="Peter Benchley">Peter Benchley</a> (pictured in 1974), the author of the <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(novel)" title="Jaws (novel)">original novel</a>.</figcaption></figure> For the screen adaptation, Spielberg wanted to stay with the novel's basic plot, but discarded many of Benchley's <a href="/wiki/Subplot" title="Subplot">subplots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brode_50-8">[8]</a> He declared that his favorite part of the book was the shark hunt on the last 120 pages, and told Zanuck when he accepted the job, "I'd like to do the picture if I could change the first two acts and base the first two acts on original screenplay material, and then be very true to the book for the last third."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedmanNotbohm20008-14">[14]</a> When the producers purchased the rights to his novel, they promised Benchley that he could write the first draft of the <a href="/wiki/Screenplay" title="Screenplay">screenplay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brode_50-8">[8]</a> The intent was to make sure a script could be done despite an impending threat of a <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers Guild of America, West">Writer's Guild</a> strike, given Benchley was not unionized.<a href="#cite_note-empire-15">[15]</a> Overall, he wrote three drafts before the script was turned over to other writers;<a href="#cite_note-Brode_50-8">[8]</a> delivering his final version to Spielberg, he declared, "I'm written out on this, and that's the best I can do."<a href="#cite_note-inside_story-16">[16]</a> Benchley later described his contribution to the finished film as "the storyline and the ocean stuff—basically, the mechanics", given he "didn't know how to put the character texture into a screenplay."<a href="#cite_note-empire-15">[15]</a> One of his changes was to remove the novel's adulterous affair between Ellen Brody and Matt Hooper, at the suggestion of Spielberg, who feared it would compromise the camaraderie between the men on the Orca.<a href="#cite_note-int11-17">[17]</a> During the film's production, Benchley agreed to return and play a small onscreen role as a reporter.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap3-18">[18]</a> Spielberg, who felt that the characters in Benchley's script were still unlikable, invited the young screenwriter <a href="/wiki/John_Byrum" title="John Byrum">John Byrum</a> to do a rewrite, but he declined the offer.<a href="#cite_note-biskind264-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbo" title="Columbo">Columbo</a> creators <a href="/wiki/William_Link" title="William Link">William Link</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Levinson" title="Richard Levinson">Richard Levinson</a> also declined Spielberg's invitation.<a href="#cite_note-McBride238-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning playwright <a href="/wiki/Howard_Sackler" title="Howard Sackler">Howard Sackler</a> was in Los Angeles when the filmmakers began looking for another writer and offered to do an uncredited rewrite; since the producers and Spielberg were unhappy with Benchley's drafts, they quickly agreed.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap1-7">[7]</a> At the suggestion of Spielberg, Brody's characterization made him afraid of water, "coming from an urban jungle to find something more terrifying off this placid island near Massachusetts."<a href="#cite_note-empire-15">[15]</a> Spielberg wanted "some levity" in Jaws, humor that would avoid making it "a dark sea hunt", so he turned to his friend <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gottlieb" title="Carl Gottlieb">Carl Gottlieb</a>, a comedy writer-actor then working on the sitcom <a href="/wiki/The_Odd_Couple_(1970_TV_series)" title="The Odd Couple (1970 TV series)">The Odd Couple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-inside_story-16">[16]</a> Spielberg sent Gottlieb a script, asking what the writer would change and if there was a role he would be interested in performing.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Gottlieb sent Spielberg three pages of notes, and picked the part of Meadows, the politically connected editor of the local paper. He passed the audition one week before Spielberg took him to meet the producers regarding a writing job.<a href="#cite_note-Baer198-21">[21]</a> While the deal was initially for a "one-week dialogue polish", Gottlieb eventually became the primary screenwriter, rewriting nearly the entire script during a nine-week period of principal photography.<a href="#cite_note-Baer198-21">[21]</a> The script for each scene was typically finished the night before it was shot, after Gottlieb had dinner with Spielberg and members of the cast and crew to decide what would go into the film. Many pieces of dialogue originated from the actors' improvisations during these meals; a few were created on set just prior to filming. <a href="/wiki/John_Milius" title="John Milius">John Milius</a> contributed other dialogue polishes,<a href="#cite_note-Friedman167-22">[22]</a> and Sugarland Express writers <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Robbins_(screenwriter)" title="Matthew Robbins (screenwriter)">Matthew Robbins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hal_Barwood" title="Hal Barwood">Hal Barwood</a> also made uncredited contributions.<a href="#cite_note-biskind265-23">[23]</a> Spielberg has claimed that he prepared his own draft, although it is unclear to what degree the other screenwriters drew on his material.<a href="#cite_note-Friedman167-22">[22]</a> One specific alteration he called for in the story was to change the cause of the shark's death from extensive wounds to a scuba tank explosion, as he felt audiences would respond better to a "big rousing ending".<a href="#cite_note-jawschap11-24">[24]</a> The director estimated the final script had a total of 27 scenes that were not in the book.<a href="#cite_note-int11-17">[17]</a> Benchley had written Jaws after reading about sport fisherman <a href="/wiki/Frank_Mundus" title="Frank Mundus">Frank Mundus</a>'s capture of an enormous shark in 1964. According to Gottlieb, Quint was loosely based on Mundus, whose book Sportfishing for Sharks he read for research.<a href="#cite_note-baer209-25">[25]</a> Sackler came up with the backstory of Quint as a survivor of the World War II <a href="/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)" title="USS Indianapolis (CA-35)">USS Indianapolis</a> disaster.<a href="#cite_note-aicn-26">[26]</a> The question of who deserves the most credit for writing Quint's monologue about the Indianapolis has caused substantial controversy. Spielberg described it as a collaboration between Sackler, Milius, and actor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(actor)" title="Robert Shaw (actor)">Robert Shaw</a>, who was also a playwright.<a href="#cite_note-Friedman167-22">[22]</a> According to the director, Milius turned Sackler's "three-quarters of a page" speech into a monologue, and that was then partially rewritten by Shaw.<a href="#cite_note-aicn-26">[26]</a> Gottlieb gives primary credit to Shaw, downplaying Milius's contribution.<a href="#cite_note-Gottlieb208-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting">Casting</h3></div> <table class="floatright" style="padding: 1em; border-spacing: 1px; border: 1px solid darkgray; background-color: #F8F9FA; width:25em; font-size: 90%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Actor </th> <th style="text-align: left;">Role </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roy_Scheider" title="Roy Scheider">Roy Scheider</a> </td> <td>Chief Martin Brody </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(actor)" title="Robert Shaw (actor)">Robert Shaw</a> </td> <td>Quint </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> </td> <td>Matt Hooper </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Gary" title="Lorraine Gary">Lorraine Gary</a> </td> <td>Ellen Brody </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murray_Hamilton" title="Murray Hamilton">Murray Hamilton</a> </td> <td>Mayor Larry Vaughn </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gottlieb" title="Carl Gottlieb">Carl Gottlieb</a> </td> <td>Meadows </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Kramer" title="Jeffrey Kramer">Jeffrey Kramer</a> </td> <td>Deputy Leonard Hendricks </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Susan_Backlinie" title="Susan Backlinie">Susan Backlinie</a> </td> <td>Chrissie Watkins </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lee_Fierro" title="Lee Fierro">Lee Fierro</a> </td> <td>Mrs. Kintner </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Benchley" title="Peter Benchley">Peter Benchley</a> </td> <td>Interviewer </td></tr></tbody></table> Though Spielberg complied with a request from Zanuck and Brown to cast known actors,<a href="#cite_note-jawschap3-18">[18]</a> he wanted to avoid hiring any big stars. He felt that "somewhat anonymous" performers would help the audience "believe this was happening to people like you and me", whereas "stars bring a lot of memories along with them, and those memories can sometimes ... corrupt the story."<a href="#cite_note-biskind265-23">[23]</a> The director added that in his plans "the superstar was gonna be the shark".<a href="#cite_note-inside_story-16">[16]</a> The first actors cast were <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Gary" title="Lorraine Gary">Lorraine Gary</a>, the wife of Universal president, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sheinberg" title="Sidney Sheinberg">Sidney Sheinberg</a>, as Ellen Brody,<a href="#cite_note-jawschap3-18">[18]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murray_Hamilton" title="Murray Hamilton">Murray Hamilton</a> as the mayor of Amity Island.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Stuntwoman-turned-actress <a href="/wiki/Susan_Backlinie" title="Susan Backlinie">Susan Backlinie</a> was cast as Chrissie (the first victim) as she knew how to swim and was willing to perform nude.<a href="#cite_note-inside_story-16">[16]</a> Most minor roles were played by residents of <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a>, where the film was shot. One example was Deputy Hendricks, played by future television producer <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Kramer" title="Jeffrey Kramer">Jeffrey Kramer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENadler200635-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lee_Fierro" title="Lee Fierro">Lee Fierro</a> plays Mrs. Kintner, the mother of the shark's second victim Alex Kintner (played by Jeffrey Voorhees).<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The role of Brody was offered to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a>, but the actor was interested only in portraying Quint.<a href="#cite_note-McBride237-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> expressed a desire for the role but Spielberg felt that Heston would bring a screen persona too grand for the part of a police chief of a modest community.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Scheider" title="Roy Scheider">Roy Scheider</a> became interested in the project after overhearing Spielberg at a party talk with a screenwriter about having the shark jump up onto a boat.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap3-18">[18]</a> Spielberg was apprehensive about hiring Scheider, fearing he would portray a "tough guy", similar to his role in <a href="/wiki/The_French_Connection_(film)" title="The French Connection (film)">The French Connection</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McBride237-32">[32]</a> Nine days before the start of production, neither Quint nor Hooper had been cast.<a href="#cite_note-baer206-34">[34]</a> The role of Quint was originally offered to actors <a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Hayden" title="Sterling Hayden">Sterling Hayden</a>, both of whom passed.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap3-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-McBride237-32">[32]</a> Zanuck and Brown had just finished working with Robert Shaw on <a href="/wiki/The_Sting" title="The Sting">The Sting</a>, and suggested him to Spielberg.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson20-35">[35]</a> Shaw was reluctant to take the role since he did not like the book but decided to accept at the urging of both his wife, actress <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ure" title="Mary Ure">Mary Ure</a> and his secretary—"The last time they were that enthusiastic was <a href="/wiki/From_Russia_with_Love_(film)" title="From Russia with Love (film)">From Russia with Love</a>. And they were right".<a href="#cite_note-time-36">[36]</a> Shaw based his performance on fellow cast member Craig Kingsbury, a local fisherman, farmer and legendary eccentric, who was cast in the small role of fisherman Ben Gardner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENadler200636-37">[37]</a> Spielberg described Kingsbury as "the purest version of who, in my mind, Quint was" and some of his offscreen utterances were incorporated into the script as lines of both Gardner and Quint.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap5-38">[38]</a> Another source for some of Quint's dialogue and mannerisms, especially in the third act at sea, was Vineyard mechanic and boat-owner Lynn Murphy.<a href="#cite_note-vingaz-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Taylor250-40">[40]</a> For the role of Hooper, Spielberg initially wanted <a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson20-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Bottoms" title="Timothy Bottoms">Timothy Bottoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan-Michael_Vincent" title="Jan-Michael Vincent">Jan-Michael Vincent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joel_Grey" title="Joel Grey">Joel Grey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> were also considered for the part.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-McBride236-43">[43]</a> Spielberg's friend <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> suggested <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a>, whom he had directed in <a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap3-18">[18]</a> The actor initially passed but changed his decision after he attended a pre-release screening of <a href="/wiki/The_Apprenticeship_of_Duddy_Kravitz_(film)" title="The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz (film)">The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz</a>, which he had just completed. Disappointed in his performance and fearing that no one would want to hire him once Kravitz was released, he immediately called Spielberg and accepted the role in Jaws. Because the film the director envisioned was so dissimilar to Benchley's novel, Spielberg asked Dreyfuss not to read it.<a href="#cite_note-Roan30Years-44">[44]</a> As a result of the casting, Hooper was rewritten to better suit the actor,<a href="#cite_note-baer206-34">[34]</a> as well as to be more representative of Spielberg, who came to view Dreyfuss as his "alter ego".<a href="#cite_note-McBride236-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #c6dbf7;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> We started the film without a script, without a cast and without a shark. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Actor Richard Dreyfuss on the film's troubled production<a href="#cite_note-SharkTale-45">[45]</a></cite> </div> <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> began May 2, 1974,<a href="#cite_note-McBride233-46">[46]</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a>, Massachusetts, selected after consideration was given to eastern <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. Brown explained later that the production "needed a vacation area that was lower middle class enough so that an appearance of a shark would destroy the tourist business."<a href="#cite_note-Priggé7-47">[47]</a> Martha's Vineyard was also chosen because the surrounding ocean had a sandy bottom that never dropped below 35 feet (11 m) for 12 miles (19 km) out from shore, which allowed the mechanical sharks to operate while also beyond sight of land.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap4-48">[48]</a> As Spielberg wanted to film the aquatic sequences relatively close-up to resemble what people see while swimming, cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Bill_Butler_(cinematographer)" title="Bill Butler (cinematographer)">Bill Butler</a> devised new equipment to facilitate marine and underwater shooting, including a rig to keep the camera stable, regardless of tide, and a sealed submersible camera box.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Spielberg asked the art department to avoid red in both scenery and wardrobe, so that the blood from the attacks would be the only red element and cause a bigger shock.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap5-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menemsha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fishing cottages and boats on Menemsha's harbor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Menemsha.jpg/220px-Menemsha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Menemsha.jpg/330px-Menemsha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Menemsha.jpg/440px-Menemsha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The fishing village of <a href="/wiki/Menemsha,_Massachusetts" title="Menemsha, Massachusetts">Menemsha</a>, Martha's Vineyard, was the primary location.<a href="#cite_note-Gottlieb92-50">[50]</a></figcaption></figure> Initially the film's producers wanted to train a great white shark<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> but quickly realized this was not possible, so three full-size <a href="/wiki/Pneumatics" title="Pneumatics">pneumatically</a> powered prop sharks—which the film crew nicknamed "Bruce" after Spielberg's lawyer, Bruce Ramer—were made for the production:<a href="#cite_note-McBride241-52">[52]</a> a "sea-sled shark", a full-body prop with its belly missing that was towed with a 300-foot (91 m) line, and two "platform sharks", one that moved from camera-left to right (with its hidden left side exposing an array of pneumatic hoses), and an opposite model with its right flank uncovered.<a href="#cite_note-Brode_50-8">[8]</a> The sharks were designed by art director and production designer <a href="/wiki/Joe_Alves" title="Joe Alves">Joe Alves</a> during the third quarter of 1973. Between November 1973 and April 1974, the sharks were fabricated at Rolly Harper's Motion Picture & Equipment Rental in <a href="/wiki/Sun_Valley,_Los_Angeles" title="Sun Valley, Los Angeles">Sun Valley, California</a>. Their construction involved a team of as many as 40 effects technicians, supervised by mechanical effects supervisor <a href="/wiki/Bob_Mattey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Mattey">Bob Mattey</a>, best known for creating the giant squid in <a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(1954_film)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954 film)">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a>. After the sharks were completed, they were trucked to the shooting location.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap6-53">[53]</a> In early July, the platform used to tow the two side-view sharks capsized as it was being lowered to the ocean floor, forcing a team of divers to retrieve it.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap7-54">[54]</a> The model required 14 operators to control all of the moving parts.<a href="#cite_note-Roan30Years-44">[44]</a> For Quint's boat, the Orca, Alves and his team constructed two identical 42-foot models for the film. The second boat, dubbed Orca II, had no motor and was designed to sink on command.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Jaws was the first major motion picture to be shot on the ocean,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> resulting in a troubled shoot, and went far over budget. David Brown said that the budget "was $4 million and the picture wound up costing $9 million";<a href="#cite_note-Priggé8-57">[57]</a> the effects outlays alone grew to $3 million due to the problems with the mechanical sharks.<a href="#cite_note-colrad-58">[58]</a> Disgruntled crew members gave the film the nickname "Flaws".<a href="#cite_note-Roan30Years-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-McBride241-52">[52]</a> Spielberg attributed many problems to his perfectionism and his inexperience. The former was epitomized by his insistence on shooting at sea with a life-sized shark; "I could have shot the movie in the tank or even in a protected lake somewhere, but it would not have looked the same," he said.<a href="#cite_note-time-36">[36]</a> As for his lack of experience: "I was naive about the ocean, basically. I was pretty naive about mother nature and the hubris of a filmmaker who thinks he can conquer the elements was foolhardy, but I was too young to know I was being foolhardy when I demanded that we shoot the film in the Atlantic Ocean and not in a North Hollywood tank."<a href="#cite_note-aicn-26">[26]</a> Gottlieb said that "there was nothing to do except make the movie", so everyone kept overworking, and while as a writer he did not have to attend the ocean set every day, once the crewmen returned they arrived "ravaged and sunburnt, windblown and covered with salt water".<a href="#cite_note-empire-15">[15]</a> Shooting at sea led to many delays: unwanted sailboats drifted into frame, cameras got soaked,<a href="#cite_note-jawschap5-38">[38]</a> and the Orca once began to sink with the actors on board.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The prop sharks frequently malfunctioned owing to a series of problems including bad weather, pneumatic hoses taking on salt water, frames fracturing due to water resistance, corroding skin, and <a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">electrolysis</a>. From the first water test onward, the "non-absorbent" neoprene foam that made up the sharks' skin soaked up liquid, causing the sharks to balloon, and the sea-sled model frequently got entangled among forests of seaweed.<a href="#cite_note-time-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-jawschap7-54">[54]</a> Spielberg later calculated that during the 12-hour daily work schedule, on average only four hours were actually spent filming.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Gottlieb was nearly decapitated by the boat's propellers, and Dreyfuss was almost imprisoned in the steel cage.<a href="#cite_note-time-36">[36]</a> The actors were frequently <a href="/wiki/Seasickness" class="mw-redirect" title="Seasickness">seasick</a>. Shaw also fled to Canada whenever he could due to tax problems,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENadler200636–37-61">[61]</a> engaged in <a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">binge drinking</a>, and developed a grudge against Dreyfuss, who was getting rave reviews for his performance in Duddy Kravitz.<a href="#cite_note-inside_story-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Editor <a href="/wiki/Verna_Fields" title="Verna Fields">Verna Fields</a> rarely had material to work with during principal photography, as according to Spielberg "we would shoot five scenes in a good day, three in an average day, and none in a bad day."<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mechashark.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A large model shark is hoisted by a crane as two men watch it." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/09/Mechashark.JPG/220px-Mechashark.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/09/Mechashark.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption>The mechanical shark, attached to the tower</figcaption></figure> The delays proved beneficial in some regards. The script was refined during production, and the unreliable mechanical sharks forced Spielberg to shoot many scenes so that the shark was only hinted at. For example, for much of the shark hunt, its location is indicated by the floating yellow barrels.<a href="#cite_note-Sinyard36-64">[64]</a> The opening had the shark devouring Chrissie,<a href="#cite_note-inside_story-16">[16]</a> but it was rewritten so that it would be shot with Backlinie being dragged and yanked by cables to simulate an attack.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap5-38">[38]</a> Spielberg also included multiple shots of just the dorsal fin. This forced restraint is widely thought to have added to the film's suspense.<a href="#cite_note-Sinyard36-64">[64]</a> As Spielberg put it years later, "The film went from a Japanese Saturday matinee horror flick to more of a <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a>, the less-you-see-the-more-you-get thriller."<a href="#cite_note-Roan30Years-44">[44]</a> In another interview, he similarly declared, "The shark not working was a godsend. It made me become more like Alfred Hitchcock than like <a href="/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen" title="Ray Harryhausen">Ray Harryhausen</a>." The acting became crucial for making audiences believe in such a big shark: "The more fake the shark looked in the water, the more my anxiety told me to heighten the naturalism of the performances."<a href="#cite_note-aicn-26">[26]</a> Footage of real sharks was shot by <a href="/wiki/Ron_Taylor_(diver)" title="Ron Taylor (diver)">Ron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Taylor_(diver)" title="Valerie Taylor (diver)">Valerie Taylor</a> in the waters off <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Reef" title="Dangerous Reef">Dangerous Reef</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, with a short actor in a miniature shark cage to create the illusion that the sharks were enormous.<a href="#cite_note-AdelaideNow-65">[65]</a> During the Taylors' shoot, a great white attacked the boat and cage. The footage of the cage attack was so stunning that Spielberg was eager to incorporate it in the film. No one had been in the cage at the time and the script, following the novel, originally had the shark killing Hooper in it. The storyline was consequently altered to have Hooper escape from the cage, which allowed the footage to be used.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap2-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> As production executive Bill Gilmore put it, "The shark down in Australia rewrote the script and saved Dreyfuss's character."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Although principal photography was scheduled to take 55 days, it did not wrap until October 6, 1974, after 159 days.<a href="#cite_note-Roan30Years-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-McBride233-46">[46]</a> Spielberg, reflecting on the protracted shoot, stated, "I thought my career as a filmmaker was over. I heard rumors ... that I would never work again because no one had ever taken a film 100 days over schedule."<a href="#cite_note-Roan30Years-44">[44]</a> Spielberg himself was not present for the shooting of the final scene in which the shark explodes, as he believed that the crew were planning to throw him in the water when the scene was done.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap11-24">[24]</a> It has since become a tradition for Spielberg to be absent when the final scene of one of his films is being shot.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Afterward, underwater scenes were shot at the <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> water tank in <a href="/wiki/Culver_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Culver City">Culver City</a>, with stuntmen <a href="/wiki/Dick_Warlock" title="Dick Warlock">Dick Warlock</a> and Frank James Sparks as stand-ins for Dreyfuss in the scene where the shark attacks the cage,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> as well as near <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Island,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Catalina Island, California">Santa Catalina Island, California</a>. Fields, who had completed a rough cut of the first two-thirds of the film, up until the shark hunt, finished the editing and reworked some of the material. According to Zanuck, "She actually came in and reconstructed some scenes that Steven had constructed for comedy and made them terrifying, and some scenes he shot to be terrifying and made them comedy scenes."<a href="#cite_note-McBride251-71">[71]</a> The boat used for the Orca was brought to Los Angeles so the sound effects team could record sounds for both the ship and the underwater scenes.<a href="#cite_note-Yewdall197-72">[72]</a> Two scenes were altered following test screenings. As the audience's screams had covered up Scheider's "bigger boat" one-liner, Brody's reaction after the shark jumps behind him was extended, and the volume of the line was raised.<a href="#cite_note-Yewdall178-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shone24-74">[74]</a> Spielberg also decided that he was greedy for "one more scream", and reshot the scene in which Hooper discovers Ben Gardner's body, using $3,000 of his own money after Universal refused to pay for the reshoot. The underwater scene was shot in Fields's swimming pool in <a href="/wiki/Encino,_Los_Angeles" title="Encino, Los Angeles">Encino, California</a>,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Lifecasting" title="Lifecasting">lifecast</a> latex model of Craig Kingsbury's head attached to a fake body, which was placed in the wrecked boat's hull.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap5-38">[38]</a> To simulate the murky waters of Martha's Vineyard, powdered milk was poured into the pool, which was then covered with a <a href="/wiki/Tarpaulin" title="Tarpaulin">tarpaulin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-empire-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(soundtrack)" title="Jaws (soundtrack)">Jaws (soundtrack)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:JawsJohnWilliams.ogg" title="File:JawsJohnWilliams.ogg">"Main Title and First Victim"</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="22" data-mwtitle="JawsJohnWilliams.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/78/JawsJohnWilliams.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/7/78/JawsJohnWilliams.ogg/JawsJohnWilliams.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">The main theme for Jaws, revolving around an <a href="/wiki/Ostinato" title="Ostinato">ostinato</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bass_note" title="Bass note">bass notes</a>, which composer John Williams said were meant to represent the shark as an "unstoppable force" of "mindless and instinctive attacks"<a href="#cite_note-jawschap14-76">[76]</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> composed the film's <a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">score</a>, which earned him an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Academy Award</a> and was later ranked the sixth-greatest score by the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oscars1976-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-afiscores-78">[78]</a> The main "shark" theme, a simple <a href="/wiki/Double_tonic" title="Double tonic">alternating pattern of two notes</a>—variously identified as "E and F"<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> or "F and F sharp"<a href="#cite_note-Overture-80">[80]</a>—became a classic piece of suspense music, synonymous with approaching danger<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Leading-tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading-tone">leading-tone</a>). Williams described the theme as "grinding away at you, just as a shark would do, instinctual, relentless, unstoppable."<a href="#cite_note-Friedman174-82">[82]</a> The piece was performed by tuba player <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Johnson_(tubist)" title="Tommy Johnson (tubist)">Tommy Johnson</a>. When asked by Johnson why the melody was written in such a high register and not played by the more appropriate French horn, Williams responded that he wanted it to sound "a little more threatening".<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> When Williams first demonstrated his idea to Spielberg, playing just the two notes on a piano, Spielberg was said to have laughed, thinking that it was a joke. As Williams saw similarities between Jaws and pirate movies, at other points in the score he evoked "pirate music", which he called "primal, but fun and entertaining".<a href="#cite_note-jawschap14-76">[76]</a> Calling for rapid, percussive string playing, the score contains echoes of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/La_mer_(Debussy)" title="La mer (Debussy)">La mer</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Overture-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> There are various interpretations of the meaning and effectiveness of the primary music theme, which is widely described as one of the most recognizable cinematic themes of all time.<a href="#cite_note-Reelviews-85">[85]</a> Music scholar Joseph Cancellaro proposes that the two-note expression mimics the shark's heartbeat.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> According to Alexandre Tylski, like themes <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Herrmann" title="Bernard Herrmann">Bernard Herrmann</a> wrote for <a href="/wiki/Taxi_Driver" title="Taxi Driver">Taxi Driver</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_by_Northwest" title="North by Northwest">North by Northwest</a>, and particularly <a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Island_(1961_film)" title="Mysterious Island (1961 film)">Mysterious Island</a>, it suggests human respiration. He further argues that the score's strongest motif is actually "the split, the rupture"—when it dramatically cuts off, as after Chrissie's death.<a href="#cite_note-Overture-80">[80]</a> The relationship between sound and silence is also taken advantage of in the way the audience is conditioned to associate the shark with its theme,<a href="#cite_note-Friedman174-82">[82]</a> which is exploited toward the film's climax when the shark suddenly appears with no musical introduction.<a href="#cite_note-Reelviews-85">[85]</a> Spielberg later said that without Williams's score the film would have been only half as successful, and according to Williams it jumpstarted his career.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap14-76">[76]</a> He had previously scored Spielberg's debut feature, The Sugarland Express, and went on to collaborate with the director on almost all of his films.<a href="#cite_note-Friedman174-82">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(soundtrack)" title="Jaws (soundtrack)">original soundtrack for Jaws</a> was released by <a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA Records</a> on LP in 1975, and as a CD in 1992, including roughly a half hour of music that Williams redid for the album.<a href="#cite_note-empirescore-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-decca-88">[88]</a> In 2000, two versions of the score were released: <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a>/<a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal</a> reissued the soundtrack album to coincide with the release of the 25th-anniversary DVD, featuring the entire 51 minutes of the original score,<a href="#cite_note-empirescore-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-decca-88">[88]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Var%C3%A8se_Sarabande" title="Varèse Sarabande">Varèse Sarabande</a> put out a rerecording of the score performed by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_National_Orchestra" title="Royal Scottish National Orchestra">Royal Scottish National Orchestra</a>, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Joel_McNeely" title="Joel McNeely">Joel McNeely</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a> is the most notable artistic antecedent to Jaws. The character of Quint strongly resembles <a href="/wiki/Ahab_(Moby-Dick)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahab (Moby-Dick)">Captain Ahab</a>, the obsessed captain of the <a href="/wiki/Pequod_(Moby-Dick)" title="Pequod (Moby-Dick)">Pequod</a> who devotes his life to hunting a <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>. Quint's monologue reveals a similar obsession with sharks; even his boat, the Orca, is named after the only <a href="/wiki/Killer_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer whale">natural enemy of the white shark</a>. In the novel and original screenplay, Quint dies after being dragged under the ocean by a harpoon tied to his leg, similar to the death of Ahab in Melville's novel.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> A direct reference to these similarities may be found in Spielberg's draft of the screenplay, which introduces Quint watching the <a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(1956_film)" title="Moby Dick (1956 film)">film version of Moby-Dick</a>; his continuous laughter prompts other audience members to get up and leave the theater. However, the scene from Moby-Dick could not be licensed from the film's star, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a>, its copyright holder.<a href="#cite_note-jawschap1-7">[7]</a> Screenwriter Carl Gottlieb also drew comparisons to <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea" title="The Old Man and the Sea">The Old Man and the Sea</a>: "Jaws is ... a titanic struggle, like Melville or Hemingway."<a href="#cite_note-baer209-25">[25]</a> The underwater scenes shot from the shark's point of view have been compared with passages in two 1950s horror films, <a href="/wiki/Creature_from_the_Black_Lagoon" title="Creature from the Black Lagoon">Creature from the Black Lagoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Monster_That_Challenged_the_World" title="The Monster That Challenged the World">The Monster That Challenged the World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Gottlieb named two science fiction productions from the same era as influences on how the shark was depicted, or not: <a href="/wiki/The_Thing_from_Another_World" title="The Thing from Another World">The Thing from Another World</a>, which Gottlieb described as "a great horror film where you only see the monster in the last reel";<a href="#cite_note-biskind290-93">[93]</a> and <a href="/wiki/It_Came_From_Outer_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="It Came From Outer Space">It Came From Outer Space</a>, where "the suspense was built up because the creature was always off-camera". Those precedents helped Spielberg and Gottlieb to "concentrate on showing the 'effects' of the shark rather than the shark itself".<a href="#cite_note-Baer-94">[94]</a> Scholars such as Thomas Schatz have described how Jaws melds various genres while essentially being an action film and a thriller. Most is taken from horror, with the core of a nature-based monster movie while adding elements of a slasher film. The second half is both a buddy film in the interaction between the crew of the Orca, and a supernatural horror based on the shark's depiction of a nearly Satanic menace.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Freer" title="Ian Freer">Ian Freer</a> describes Jaws as an aquatic monster movie, citing the influence of earlier monster films such as <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(franchise)" title="Godzilla (franchise)">Godzilla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Charles Derry, in 1977, also compared Jaws to Godzilla;<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> and Spielberg cited <a href="/wiki/Godzilla,_King_of_the_Monsters!" title="Godzilla, King of the Monsters!">Godzilla, King of the Monsters!</a> (1956) as a formative influence growing up, due to the "masterful" way in which "it made you believe it was really happening."<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Critics such as Neil Sinyard have described similarities to <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>'s play <a href="/wiki/An_Enemy_of_the_People" title="An Enemy of the People">An Enemy of the People</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sinyard32-99">[99]</a> Gottlieb himself said he and Spielberg referred to Jaws as "Moby-Dick meets Enemy of the People".<a href="#cite_note-Baer208-100">[100]</a> The Ibsen work features a doctor who discovers that a seaside town's medicinal hot springs, a major tourist attraction and revenue source, are contaminated. When the doctor attempts to convince the townspeople of the danger, he loses his job and is shunned. This plotline is paralleled in Jaws by Brody's conflict with Mayor Vaughn, who refuses to acknowledge the presence of a shark that may dissuade summer beachgoers from coming to Amity. Brody is vindicated when more shark attacks occur at the crowded beach in broad daylight. Sinyard calls the film a "deft combination of Watergate and Ibsen's play".<a href="#cite_note-Sinyard32-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarly_criticism">Scholarly criticism</h3></div> Jaws has received attention from academic critics. Stephen Heath relates the film's ideological meanings to the then-recent <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>. He argues that Brody represents the "white male middle class—[there is] not a single black and, very quickly, not a single woman in the film", who restores public order "with an ordinary-guy kind of heroism born of fear-and-decency".<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Yet Heath moves beyond ideological content analysis to examine Jaws as a signal example of the film as "industrial product" that sells on the basis of "the pleasure of cinema, thus yielding the perpetuation of the industry (which is why part of the meaning of Jaws is to be the most profitable movie)".<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Andrew Britton contrasts the film to the novel's post-Watergate cynicism, suggesting that its narrative alterations from the book (Hooper's survival, the shark's explosive death) help make it "a communal exorcism, a ceremony for the restoration of ideological confidence." He suggests that the experience of the film is "inconceivable" without the mass audience's jubilation when the shark is annihilated, signifying the obliteration of evil itself.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In his view, Brody serves to demonstrate that "individual action by the one just man is still a viable source for social change".<a href="#cite_note-Britton239-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Biskind" title="Peter Biskind">Peter Biskind</a> argues that the film does maintain post-Watergate cynicism concerning politics and politicians insofar as the sole villain beside the shark is the town's venal mayor. Yet he observes that, far from the narrative formulas so often employed by <a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a> filmmakers of the era—involving Us vs. Them, hip counterculture figures vs. "<a href="/wiki/The_Man" title="The Man">The Man</a>"—the overarching conflict in Jaws does not pit the heroes against authority figures, but against a menace that targets everyone regardless of socioeconomic position.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Whereas Britton states that the film avoids the novel's theme of social class conflicts on Amity Island,<a href="#cite_note-Britton239-104">[104]</a> Biskind detects class divisions in the screen version and argues for their significance. "Authority must be restored", he writes, "but not by Quint". The seaman's "working class toughness and bourgeois independence is alien and frightening ... irrational and out of control". Hooper, meanwhile, is "associated with technology rather than experience, inherited wealth rather than self-made sufficiency"; he is marginalized from the conclusive action, if less terminally than Quint.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Britton sees the film more as concerned with the "vulnerability of children and the need to protect and guard them", which in turn helps generate a "pervasive sense of the supreme value of family life: a value clearly related to [ideological] stability and cultural continuity".<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Fredric Jameson</a>'s analysis highlights the <a href="/wiki/Polysemy" title="Polysemy">polysemy</a> of the shark and the multiple ways in which it can be and has been read—from representing alien menaces such as communism or the Third World to more intimate dreads concerning the unreality of contemporary American life and the vain efforts to sanitize and suppress the knowledge of death. He asserts that its symbolic function is to be found in this very "polysemousness which is profoundly ideological, insofar as it allows essentially social and historical anxieties to be folded back into apparently 'natural' ones ... to be recontained in what looks like a conflict with other forms of biological existence."<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> He views Quint's demise as the symbolic overthrow of an old, populist, <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> America and Brody and Hooper's partnership as an "allegory of an alliance between the forces of law-and-order and the new technocracy of the multinational corporations ... in which the viewer rejoices without understanding that he or she is excluded from it."<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neal_Gabler" title="Neal Gabler">Neal Gabler</a> analyzed the film as showing three different approaches to solving an obstacle: science (represented by Hooper), spiritualism (represented by Quint), and the common man (represented by Brody). The last of the three is the one which succeeds and is in that way endorsed by the film.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audience_emotional_response">Audience emotional response</h3></div> While in theaters, the film was said to have caused a single case of cinematic <a href="/wiki/Neurosis" title="Neurosis">neurosis</a> in a 17-year-old, female viewer.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Cinematic neurosis is a condition in which viewers exhibit mental health disturbances, or a worsening of existing mental health disturbances, after viewing a film.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The symptoms first presented as sleep disturbances and anxiety, but one day later the patient was screaming "Sharks! Sharks!" and experiencing convulsions.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> This case study caused the film to become notable in the medical community alongside <a href="/wiki/The_Exorcist_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Exorcist (film)">The Exorcist</a> for causing stress reactions in its viewers, and was later used in a study by Brian R. Johnson to test how susceptible audiences were to cinematic stress inducers.<a href="#cite_note-:0-114">[114]</a> His study found that stress could be induced by cinema in segments of the general population, and Jaws specifically caused stress reactions in its viewers. While Johnson could not find an exact cause for the stress response in viewers, whether it be the suspense, the gore or the music production, a 1986 study by G. Sparks found that particularly violent films, including Jaws, tended to cause the most intense reactions in viewers.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marketing">Marketing</h3></div> Universal spent $1.8 million marketing Jaws, including an unprecedented $700,000 on national television spot advertising.<a href="#cite_note-SharkTale-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-mcbride255-116">[116]</a> The media blitz included about two dozen 30-second advertisements airing each night on prime-time network TV between June 18, 1975, and the film's opening two days later.<a href="#cite_note-Kochberg31-117">[117]</a> Beyond that, in the description of film industry scholar Searle Kochberg, Universal "devised and co-ordinated a highly innovative plan" for the picture's marketing.<a href="#cite_note-Kochberg31-117">[117]</a> As early as October 1974, Zanuck, Brown, and Benchley hit the television and radio talk show circuit to promote the paperback edition of the novel and the forthcoming film.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The studio and publisher Bantam agreed on a title logo that would appear on both the paperback and in all of the advertising for the film.<a href="#cite_note-Kochberg31-117">[117]</a> The centerpieces of the joint marketing strategy were John Williams's theme and the poster image featuring the shark approaching a lone female swimmer.<a href="#cite_note-colrad-58">[58]</a> The poster was based on the paperback's cover, and had the same artist, Bantam employee <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kastel" title="Roger Kastel">Roger Kastel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The Seiniger Advertising agency spent six months designing the poster; principal Tony Seiniger explained that "no matter what we did, it didn't look scary enough". Seiniger ultimately decided that "you had to actually go underneath the shark so you could see his teeth."<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> More merchandise was created to take advantage of the film's release. In 1999, Graeme Turner wrote that Jaws was accompanied by what was "probably the most elaborate array of tie-ins" including "a sound-track album, T-shirts, plastic tumblers, a book about the making of the movie, the book the movie was based on, beach towels, blankets, shark costumes, toy sharks, hobby kits, iron-on transfers, games, posters, shark's tooth necklaces, sleepwear, water pistols, and more."<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ideal_Toy_Company" title="Ideal Toy Company">Ideal Toy Company</a>, for instance, produced a <a href="/wiki/The_Game_of_Jaws" title="The Game of Jaws">game</a> in which the player had to use a hook to fish out items from the shark's mouth before the jaws closed.<a href="#cite_note-andrews115-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatrical_run">Theatrical run</h3></div> The glowing audience response to a rough cut of the film at two test screenings in Dallas on March 26, 1975, and one in <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a>, on March 28, along with the success of Benchley's novel and the early stages of Universal's marketing campaign, generated great interest among theater owners, facilitating the studio's plan to debut Jaws at hundreds of cinemas simultaneously.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> A third and final preview screening, of a cut incorporating changes inspired by the previous presentations, was held in Hollywood on April 24.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> After Universal chairman <a href="/wiki/Lew_Wasserman" title="Lew Wasserman">Lew Wasserman</a> attended one of the screenings, he ordered the film's initial release—planned for a massive total of as many as 900 theaters—to be cut down, declaring, "I want this picture to run all summer long. I don't want people in Palm Springs to see the picture in Palm Springs. I want them to have to get in their cars and drive to see it in Hollywood."<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Nonetheless, the several hundred theaters that were still booked for the opening represented what was then an unusually wide release. At the time, wide openings were associated with movies of doubtful quality; not uncommon on the <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">exploitation</a> side of the industry, they were customarily employed to diminish the effect of negative reviews and word of mouth. There had been some recent exceptions, including the rerelease of <a href="/wiki/Billy_Jack" title="Billy Jack">Billy Jack</a> and the original release of its sequel <a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_Billy_Jack" title="The Trial of Billy Jack">The Trial of Billy Jack</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dirty_Harry" title="Dirty Harry">Dirty Harry</a> sequel <a href="/wiki/Magnum_Force" title="Magnum Force">Magnum Force</a>, and the latest installments in the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_in_film" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond in film">James Bond series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wyatt111-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-epics-128">[128]</a> Still, the typical major studio film release at the time involved opening at a few big-city theaters, which allowed for a series of premieres. Distributors would then slowly forward prints to additional locales across the country, capitalizing on any positive critical or audience response. The outsized success of <a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a> in 1972 had sparked a trend toward wider releases, but even that film had debuted in just five theaters, before going wide in its second weekend.<a href="#cite_note-pbs-129">[129]</a> On June 20, Jaws opened across North America on 464 screens—409 in the United States, the remainder in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-HN108-130">[130]</a> The coupling of this broad distribution pattern with the movie's then even rarer national television marketing campaign yielded a release method virtually unheard-of at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Wyatt2-131">[131]</a> (A month earlier, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> had done something similar with a <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bronson" title="Charles Bronson">Charles Bronson</a> thriller, <a href="/wiki/Breakout_(1975_film)" title="Breakout (1975 film)">Breakout</a>, though that film's prospects for an extended run were much slimmer, and it is today a <a href="/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions" title="List of common misconceptions">common misconception</a> that Jaws was the first to use an ad saturation strategy.)<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Universal president Sid Sheinberg reasoned that nationwide marketing costs would be amortized at a more favorable rate per print relative to a slow, scaled release.<a href="#cite_note-Wyatt2-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Building on the film's success, the release was subsequently expanded on July 25 to nearly 700 theaters, and on August 15 to more than 950.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Overseas distribution followed the same pattern, with intensive television campaigns and wide releases—in Great Britain, for instance, Jaws opened in December at more than 100 theaters.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> For its 40th anniversary, the film was released in selected theaters (across approximately 500 theaters) in the United States on Sunday, June 21, and Wednesday, June 24, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Another theatrical reissue was released on September 2, 2022, usually under the title Jaws in 3D (not to be confused with the second sequel, <a href="/wiki/Jaws_3-D" title="Jaws 3-D">Jaws 3-D</a>) with the film debuting in both <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> and <a href="/wiki/RealD_3D" title="RealD 3D">RealD 3D</a> formats, as part of the 40th anniversary celebration of another Spielberg film <a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a>. On the announcement, Travis Reed of RealD 3D remarked: "Jaws redefined what it means to be a summer-event blockbuster and now for the first time ever audiences can experience Steven Spielberg's motion picture classic in 3D ... allowing fans a completely new opportunity to immerse themselves in one of the greatest summer suspense thrillers of all time."<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3></div> Jaws opened in 409 theaters with a <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_openings_for_films#Previous_opening_weekend_record_holders_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="List of highest-grossing openings for films">record</a> $7 million weekend<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> and grossed a record $21,116,354 in its first 10 days<a href="#cite_note-BOMO-143">[143]</a> recouping its production costs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris200744-144">[144]</a> It grossed $100 million in its first 59 days from 954 playdates.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In just 78 days, it overtook The Godfather as the highest-grossing film at the North American box office,<a href="#cite_note-pbs-129">[129]</a> sailing past that picture's earnings of $86 million,<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-146">[146]</a> and became the first film to earn $100 million in US <a href="/wiki/Gross_rental" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross rental">theatrical rentals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallNeale2010210-147">[147]</a> It spent 14 consecutive weeks as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_1975_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1975 box office number-one films in the United States">number-one film in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Its initial release ultimately brought in $123.1 million in rentals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris200744-144">[144]</a> Theatrical re-releases in 1976 and Summer 1979 brought its total rentals to $133.4 million.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-146">[146]</a> The film entered overseas release in December 1975,<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> and its international business mirrored its domestic performance. It broke records in Singapore,<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> New Zealand, Japan,<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Spain,<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> and Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> On January 11, 1976, Jaws became the highest-grossing film worldwide with rentals of $132 million, surpassing the $131 million earned by The Godfather.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> By the time of the third film in 1983, <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a> reported that it had earned worldwide rentals of $270 million.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Jaws was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films" title="List of highest-grossing films">highest-grossing film of all time</a> until <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a>, which debuted two years later. Star Wars surpassed Jaws for the U.S. record six months after its release and set a new global record in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-Fenner-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Across all of its releases Jaws has grossed $476.5 million worldwide;<a href="#cite_note-bom-158">[158]</a> adjusted for inflation, it has earned almost $2 billion at 2011 prices and is the second-most successful <a href="/wiki/Media_franchise" title="Media franchise">franchise</a> film after Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Including its 2022 reissue, it has grossed $265.8 million in the United States and Canada,<a href="#cite_note-bom-158">[158]</a> equivalent to $1.2 billion at 2020 prices (based on an estimated 128,078,800 tickets sold),<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_Canada_and_the_United_States#Adjusted_for_ticket-price_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States">seventh-highest-grossing movie of all time adjusted for ticket price inflation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bom-adjusted-161">[161]</a> In the United Kingdom, it is the seventh-highest-grossing film to be released since 1975, earning the equivalent of over £70 million in 2009/10 currency,<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> with admissions estimated at 16.2 million.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Jaws has also sold 13 million tickets in Brazil, a quantity first surpassed by <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> in 1998, and that still ranks as the sixth most attended film in the country.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> On television, <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> aired it for the first time on November 4, 1979, right after its theatrical re-release.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> The first U.S. broadcast received a <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_rating" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen rating">Nielsen rating</a> of 39.1 and attracted 57 percent of the total audience, the second-highest televised movie audience at the time behind <a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone with the Wind</a> and the fourth-highest rated.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> In the United Kingdom, 23 million people watched its inaugural broadcast in October 1981, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_watched_television_broadcasts_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of most watched television broadcasts in the United Kingdom">second-biggest British TV audience ever for a feature film</a> behind <a href="/wiki/Live_and_Let_Die_(film)" title="Live and Let Die (film)">Live and Let Die</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h3></div> Jaws received mostly positive reviews upon release.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a> gave the film four stars, calling it "a sensationally effective action picture, a scary thriller that works all the better because it's populated with characters that have been developed into human beings. It's a film that's as frightening as <a href="/wiki/The_Exorcist_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Exorcist (film)">The Exorcist</a>, and yet it's a nicer kind of fright, somehow more fun because we're being scared by an outdoor-adventure saga instead of a brimstone-and-vomit devil."<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>'s A. D. Murphy praised Spielberg's directorial skills, and called Robert Shaw's performance "absolutely magnificent".<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a>, it was "the most cheerfully perverse scare movie ever made ... [with] more zest than an early <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> picture, a lot more electricity, [and] it's funny in a Woody Allen sort of way".<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> For <a href="/wiki/New_Times_(magazine)" title="New Times (magazine)">New Times</a> magazine, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rich" title="Frank Rich">Frank Rich</a> wrote, "Spielberg is blessed with a talent that is absurdly absent from most American filmmakers these days: this man actually knows how to tell a story on screen. ... It speaks well of this director's gifts that some of the most frightening sequences in Jaws are those where we don't even see the shark."<a href="#cite_note-McBride256-175">[175]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a> magazine, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Crist" title="Judith Crist">Judith Crist</a> described the film as "an exhilarating adventure entertainment of the highest order" and complimented its acting and "extraordinary technical achievements".<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rex_Reed" title="Rex Reed">Rex Reed</a> praised the "nerve-frying" action scenes and concluded that "for the most part, Jaws is a gripping horror film that works beautifully in every department".<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Thomson_(film_critic)" title="David Thomson (film critic)">David Thomson</a> wrote that "like Coppola on The Godfather, Spielberg asserted his own role and deftly organized the elements of a roller coaster entertainment without sacrificing inner meanings. The suspense of the picture came from meticulous technique and good humor about its own surgical cutting. You have only to submit to the travesty of Jaws 2 to realize how much more engagingly Spielberg saw the ocean, the perils, the sinister beauty of the shark, and the vitality of its human opponents."<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> wrote, "It's a measure of how the film operates that not once do we feel particular sympathy for any of the shark's victims. ... In the best films, characters are revealed in terms of the action. In movies like Jaws, characters are simply functions of the action ... like stage hands who move props around and deliver information when it's necessary". He did describe it as "the sort of nonsense that can be a good deal of fun".<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> critic <a href="/wiki/Charles_Champlin" title="Charles Champlin">Charles Champlin</a> disagreed with the film's PG rating, saying that "Jaws is too gruesome for children, and likely to turn the stomach of the impressionable at any age. ... It is a coarse-grained and exploitative work which depends on excess for its impact. Ashore it is a bore, awkwardly staged and lumpily written."<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Marcia Magill of <a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_of_Motion_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="National Board of Review of Motion Pictures">Films in Review</a> said that while Jaws "is eminently worth seeing for its second half", she felt that before the protagonists' pursuit of the shark the film was "often flawed by its busyness".<a href="#cite_note-fir-181">[181]</a> William S. Pechter of <a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a> described Jaws as "a mind-numbing repast for sense-sated gluttons" and "filmmaking of this essentially manipulative sort"; <a href="/wiki/Molly_Haskell" title="Molly Haskell">Molly Haskell</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a> similarly characterized it as a "scare machine that works with computer-like precision. ... You feel like a rat, being given shock therapy".<a href="#cite_note-McBride256-175">[175]</a> The most frequently criticized aspect of the film has been the artificiality of its mechanical antagonist: Magill declared that "the programmed shark has one truly phony close-up",<a href="#cite_note-fir-181">[181]</a> and in 2002, online reviewer <a href="/wiki/James_Berardinelli" title="James Berardinelli">James Berardinelli</a> said that if not for Spielberg's deftly suspenseful direction, "we would be doubled over with laughter at the cheesiness of the animatronic creature."<a href="#cite_note-Reelviews-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Halliwell%27s_Film_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Halliwell's Film Guide">Halliwell's Film Guide</a> stated that "despite genuinely suspenseful and frightening sequences, it is a slackly narrated and sometimes flatly handled thriller with an over-abundance of dialogue and, when it finally appears, a pretty unconvincing monster."<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3></div> Jaws won three <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, those being for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Film_Editing" title="Academy Award for Best Film Editing">Best Film Editing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Best Original Dramatic Score</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="Academy Award for Best Sound">Best Sound</a> (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Hoyt_(sound_engineer)" title="Robert Hoyt (sound engineer)">Robert Hoyt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Heman_Jr" title="Roger Heman Jr">Roger Heman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_Madery" title="Earl Madery">Earl Madery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(sound_engineer)" title="John Carter (sound engineer)">John Carter</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Oscars1976-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morris45-183">[183]</a> It was also nominated for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>, losing to <a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McBride257-184">[184]</a> Spielberg greatly resented the fact that he was not nominated for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McBride256-175">[175]</a> Along with the Oscar, John Williams's score won the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Score_Soundtrack_for_Visual_Media" title="Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media">Grammy Award</a>,<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film Music">BAFTA Award for Best Film Music</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bafta-186">[186]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score">Golden Globe Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-globes-187">[187]</a> To her Academy Award, Verna Fields added the <a href="/wiki/American_Cinema_Editors" title="American Cinema Editors">American Cinema Editors</a>' Eddie Award for Best Edited Feature Film.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> The film was voted Favorite Movie at the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards" title="People's Choice Awards">People's Choice Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> It was also nominated for Best Film, Director, Actor (Richard Dreyfuss), Screenplay, Editing and Sound at the <a href="/wiki/29th_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="29th British Academy Film Awards">29th British Academy Film Awards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bafta-186">[186]</a> and Best Motion Picture–Drama, Director and Screenplay at the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="33rd Golden Globe Awards">33rd Golden Globe Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-globes-187">[187]</a> Spielberg was nominated by the <a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Directors Guild of America Award">DGA Award</a>,<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers Guild of America, West">Writers Guild of America</a> nominated Peter Benchley and Carl Gottlieb's script for <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay">Best Adapted Drama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Home_media">Home media</h2></div> The first ever <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> title marketed in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> was the MCA <a href="/wiki/DiscoVision" title="DiscoVision">DiscoVision</a> release of Jaws in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> A second LaserDisc was released in 1992,<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> before a third and final version came out under MCA/Universal Home Video's Signature Collection imprint in 1995. This release was an elaborate box-set that included deleted scenes and outtakes, a new two-hour documentary on the making of the film directed and produced by Laurent Bouzereau, a copy of the novel Jaws, and a CD of the soundtrack by John Williams.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> MCA Home Video first released Jaws on <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> For the film's 20th anniversary in 1995, MCA Universal Home Video issued a new Collector's Edition tape featuring a making-of retrospective.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> This release sold 800,000 units in North America.<a href="#cite_note-billdvd-198">[198]</a> Another, final VHS release, marking the film's 25th anniversary in 2000, came with a companion tape containing a documentary, deleted scenes, outtakes, and a trailer.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> Jaws was first released on <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> in 2000 for the film's 25th anniversary, accompanied by a massive publicity campaign.<a href="#cite_note-billdvd-198">[198]</a> It featured a 50-minute documentary on the making of the film (an edited version of that featured on the 1995 LaserDisc release), with interviews with Spielberg, Scheider, Dreyfuss, Benchley, and other cast and crew members. Other extras included deleted scenes, outtakes, trailers, production photos, and storyboards.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> The DVD shipped one million copies in just one month.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In June 2005, a 30th anniversary edition was released at the JawsFest festival on Martha's Vineyard.<a href="#cite_note-jawsfest-202">[202]</a> The new DVD had many extras seen in previous home video releases, including the full two-hour Bouzereau documentary, and a previously unavailable interview with Spielberg conducted on the set of Jaws in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-30thdvd-203">[203]</a> On the second JawsFest in August 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> Disc of Jaws was released,<a href="#cite_note-jf2-204">[204]</a> with over four hours of extras, including The Shark Is Still Working.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> The Blu-ray release was part of the celebrations of Universal's 100th anniversary, and debuted at fourth place in the charts, with over 362,000 units sold.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> The film was released on <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">4K Ultra HD Blu-ray</a> on 1 June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_on_the_film_industry">Impact on the film industry</h3></div> Jaws was key in establishing the benefits of a wide national release backed by heavy television advertising, rather than the traditional progressive release in which a film slowly entered new markets and built support over time.<a href="#cite_note-Kochberg31-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-pbs-129">[129]</a> Saturation booking, in which a film opens simultaneously at thousands of theaters, and massive media buys are now commonplace for the <a href="/wiki/Major_film_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Major film studio">major Hollywood studios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Biskind" title="Peter Biskind">Peter Biskind</a>, Jaws "diminished the importance of print reviews, making it virtually impossible for a film to build slowly, finding its audience by dint of mere quality. ... Moreover, Jaws whet corporate appetites for big profits quickly, which is to say, studios wanted every film to be Jaws."<a href="#cite_note-Biskind278-209">[209]</a> Scholar Thomas Schatz writes that it "recalibrated the profit potential of the Hollywood hit, and redefined its status as a marketable commodity and cultural phenomenon as well. The film brought an emphatic end to Hollywood's five-year recession, while ushering in an era of high-cost, high-tech, high-speed thrillers."<a href="#cite_note-Friedman176-210">[210]</a> Jaws also played a major part in establishing summer as the prime season for the release of studios' biggest box-office contenders, their intended <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">blockbusters</a>;<a href="#cite_note-pbs-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> winter had long been the time when most hoped-for hits were distributed, while summer was largely reserved for dumping films thought likely to be poor performers.<a href="#cite_note-Friedman176-210">[210]</a> Jaws and Star Wars are regarded as marking the beginning of the new <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">U.S. film industry</a> business model dominated by "<a href="/wiki/High-concept" class="mw-redirect" title="High-concept">high-concept</a>" pictures—with premises that can be easily described and marketed—as well as the beginning of the end of the New Hollywood period, which saw <a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">auteur</a> films increasingly disregarded in favor of profitable big-budget pictures.<a href="#cite_note-pbs-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wyatt_21-212">[212]</a> The New Hollywood era was defined by the relative autonomy filmmakers were able to attain within the major studio system; in Biskind's description, "Spielberg was the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse" title="Trojan Horse">Trojan horse</a> through which the studios began to reassert their power."<a href="#cite_note-Biskind278-209">[209]</a> The film had broader cultural repercussions, as well. Similar to the way the pivotal scene in 1960's <a href="/wiki/Psycho_(1960_film)" title="Psycho (1960 film)">Psycho</a> made showers a new source of anxiety, Jaws led many viewers to fear going into the ocean.<a href="#cite_note-Gordon33-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jackson23-214">[214]</a> Reduced beach attendance in 1975 was attributed to it,<a href="#cite_note-ABC-215">[215]</a> as well as more reported shark sightings.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> It is still seen as responsible for perpetuating negative stereotypes about sharks and their behavior,<a href="#cite_note-NGSharks-217">[217]</a> and for producing the so-called "Jaws effect", which allegedly inspired "legions of fishermen [who] piled into boats and killed thousands of the ocean predators in shark-fishing tournaments."<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Benchley would later campaign to stop the depopulation of sharks, saying that "Jaws was entirely a fiction".<a href="#cite_note-white-hr-2022-219">[219]</a> Spielberg later echoed this sentiment, saying that he regretted "the decimation of the shark population because of the book and the film".<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-white-hr-2022-219">[219]</a> Conservation groups have bemoaned the fact that the film has made it considerably harder to convince the public that sharks should be protected.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> Jaws set the template for many subsequent horror films, to the extent that the script for <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a>'s 1979 science fiction film <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> was pitched to studio executives as "Jaws in space".<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Many films based on man-eating animals, usually aquatic, were released through the 1970s and 1980s, such as <a href="/wiki/Orca_(1977_film)" title="Orca (1977 film)">Orca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grizzly_(film)" title="Grizzly (film)">Grizzly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mako:_The_Jaws_of_Death" title="Mako: The Jaws of Death">Mako: The Jaws of Death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barracuda_(1978_film)" title="Barracuda (1978 film)">Barracuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alligator_(film)" title="Alligator (film)">Alligator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Animals" title="Day of the Animals">Day of the Animals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tintorera" title="Tintorera">Tintorera</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eaten_Alive" title="Eaten Alive">Eaten Alive</a>. Spielberg declared <a href="/wiki/Piranha_(1978_film)" title="Piranha (1978 film)">Piranha</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Dante" title="Joe Dante">Joe Dante</a> and written by <a href="/wiki/John_Sayles" title="John Sayles">John Sayles</a>, "the best of the Jaws ripoffs".<a href="#cite_note-McBride257-184">[184]</a> Among the various foreign <a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">mockbusters</a> based on Jaws, three came from Italy: <a href="/wiki/Great_White_(1981_film)" title="Great White (1981 film)">Great White</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Stanley220-224">[224]</a> which inspired a plagiarism lawsuit by Universal and was even marketed in some countries as a part of the Jaws franchise;<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Monster_Shark" title="Monster Shark">Monster Shark</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Stanley220-224">[224]</a> featured in <a href="/wiki/Mystery_Science_Theater_3000" title="Mystery Science Theater 3000">Mystery Science Theater 3000</a> under the title Devil Fish;<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deep_Blood" title="Deep Blood">Deep Blood</a>, which blends in a supernatural element.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> The 1976 Brazilian film <a href="/wiki/Bacalhau_(film)" title="Bacalhau (film)">Bacalhau</a> parodies Jaws, featuring a killer <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a> in place of a shark.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> The 2009 Japanese horror film Psycho Shark was released in the United States as <a href="/wiki/Jaws_in_Japan" title="Jaws in Japan">Jaws in Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Takashi_Yamazaki" title="Takashi Yamazaki">Takashi Yamazaki</a> cited Jaws and Spielberg as an influence for his 2023 Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">kaiju</a> film <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One" title="Godzilla Minus One">Godzilla Minus One</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings">Rankings</h3></div> In the years since its release, Jaws has frequently been cited by film critics and industry professionals as one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">the greatest movies of all time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> It was number 48 on American Film Institute's <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years_..._100_Movies" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies">100 Years ... 100 Movies</a>, a list of the greatest American films of all time compiled in 1998; it dropped to number 56 on the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years_..._100_Movies_(10th_Anniversary_Edition)" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)">10th Anniversary list</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> AFI also ranked the shark at number 18 on its list of the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years_..._100_Heroes_%26_Villains" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes & Villains">50 Best Villains</a>,<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> Roy Scheider's line "You're gonna need a bigger boat" 35th on a list of <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years_..._100_Movie_Quotes" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes">top 100 movie quotes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> Williams's score at sixth on a list of <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years_of_Film_Scores" title="AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores">100 Years of Film Scores</a>,<a href="#cite_note-afiscores-78">[78]</a> and the film as second on a list of <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years_..._100_Thrills" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Thrills">100 most thrilling films</a>, behind only <a href="/wiki/Psycho_(1960_film)" title="Psycho (1960 film)">Psycho</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> In 2003, The New York Times included the film on its list of the best 1,000 movies ever made.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> The following year, Jaws placed at the top of the <a href="/wiki/Bravo_(U.S._TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bravo (U.S. TV network)">Bravo</a> network's five-hour miniseries <a href="/wiki/The_100_Scariest_Movie_Moments" title="The 100 Scariest Movie Moments">The 100 Scariest Movie Moments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Film_Critics_Association" title="Chicago Film Critics Association">Chicago Film Critics Association</a> named it the sixth-scariest film ever made in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> In 2008, Jaws was ranked the fifth-greatest film in history by <a href="/wiki/Empire_(film_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (film magazine)">Empire</a> magazine,<a href="#cite_note-Empire5-241">[241]</a> which also placed Quint at number 50 on its list of the 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> The film has been cited in many other lists of 50 and 100 greatest films, including ones compiled by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Maltin" title="Leonard Maltin">Leonard Maltin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> <a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a>,<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>,<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/Total_Film" title="Total Film">Total Film</a>,<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> In 2001, the United States Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a>, recognizing it as a landmark horror film and the first "summer movie".<a href="#cite_note-2001Add-250">[250]</a> In 2006, its screenplay was ranked the 63rd-best of all time by the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Screenplay-251">[251]</a> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Editors_Guild" title="Motion Picture Editors Guild">Motion Picture Editors Guild</a> listed the film as the eighth best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptations_and_merchandise">Adaptations and merchandise</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UniversalStudiosJawsSharkCloseup.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A large replica of the film's shark hangs from a wooden frame. A sign next to it says "Jaws" and a man standing nearby is about a third of the height of the shark. A pulley and rope are used to pretend to hold the shark's mouth open." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UniversalStudiosJawsSharkCloseup.JPG/170px-UniversalStudiosJawsSharkCloseup.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UniversalStudiosJawsSharkCloseup.JPG/255px-UniversalStudiosJawsSharkCloseup.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UniversalStudiosJawsSharkCloseup.JPG/340px-UniversalStudiosJawsSharkCloseup.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The entrance of the now closed <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(ride)" title="Jaws (ride)">Jaws ride</a> at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Florida" title="Universal Studios Florida">Universal Studios Florida</a></figcaption></figure> The film has inspired two <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(ride)" title="Jaws (ride)">theme park rides</a>: one at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Florida" title="Universal Studios Florida">Universal Studios Florida</a>,<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> which closed in January 2012,<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> and one at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Japan" title="Universal Studios Japan">Universal Studios Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> There is also an animatronic version of a scene from the film on the <a href="/wiki/Studio_Tour" title="Studio Tour">Studio Tour</a> at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> There have been at least two musical adaptations: JAWS The Musical!, which premiered in 2004 at the Minnesota Fringe Festival, and <a href="/wiki/Giant_Killer_Shark:_The_Musical" title="Giant Killer Shark: The Musical">Giant Killer Shark: The Musical</a>, which premiered in 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Fringe_Festival" title="Toronto Fringe Festival">Toronto Fringe Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> Three video games based on the film were released: 1987's <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(video_game)" title="Jaws (video game)">Jaws</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Acclaim_Entertainment_subsidiaries" title="List of Acclaim Entertainment subsidiaries">LJN</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a>;<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> 2006's <a href="/wiki/Jaws_Unleashed" title="Jaws Unleashed">Jaws Unleashed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Majesco_Entertainment" title="Majesco Entertainment">Majesco Entertainment</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal computer game">PC</a>;<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> and 2011's Jaws: Ultimate Predator, also by Majesco, for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">mobile game</a> was released in 2010 for the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Aristocrat made an officially licensed slot machine based on the movie.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> In 2017, video game developer <a href="/wiki/Zen_Studios" title="Zen Studios">Zen Studios</a> developed and released a virtual pinball adaptation of the film as part of the Universal Classics add-on pack for the virtual pinball game <a href="/wiki/Pinball_FX_3" title="Pinball FX 3">Pinball FX 3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> This table features 3-D figures of Quint and Jaws, with the opportunity to play missions from either character's perspective. The musical Bruce, based on <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gottlieb" title="Carl Gottlieb">Carl Gottlieb</a>'s book The Jaws Log, had its world premiere at the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Rep" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Rep">Seattle Rep</a> theatre from May 27 to July 3, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> The musical covers the difficulties Spielberg encountered making the movie, including the ongoing issues with the titular mechanical shark. <a href="/wiki/Lego" title="Lego">Lego</a> released a set based on the scene where Bruce attacks the Orca with Chief Martin Brody, Matt Hooper, and Sam Quint. The set was released in August 2024 and features 1,500 pieces.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tributes">Tributes</h3></div> Richard Dreyfuss made a cameo appearance in the 2010 film <a href="/wiki/Piranha_3D" title="Piranha 3D">Piranha 3D</a>, a loose remake of the 1978 film. Dreyfuss plays Matt Boyd, a fisherman who is the first victim of the title creatures. Dreyfuss later stated that his character was a parody and a near-reincarnation of Matt Hooper, his character in Jaws.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> During his appearance, Dreyfuss's character listens to the song "<a href="/wiki/Show_Me_the_Way_to_Go_Home" title="Show Me the Way to Go Home">Show Me the Way to Go Home</a>" on the radio, which Hooper, Quint and Brody sing together aboard the Orca. Martha's Vineyard celebrated the film's 30th anniversary in 2005 with a "JawsFest" festival,<a href="#cite_note-jawsfest-202">[202]</a> which had a second edition in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-jf2-204">[204]</a> An independent group of fans produced the feature-length documentary <a href="/wiki/The_Shark_Is_Still_Working" title="The Shark Is Still Working">The Shark Is Still Working</a>, featuring interviews with the film's cast and crew. Narrated by Roy Scheider and dedicated to Peter Benchley, who died in 2006, it debuted at the 2009 Los Angeles United Film Festival.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> Shaw's son, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Shaw_(actor)" title="Ian Shaw (actor)">Ian Shaw</a>, co-wrote and starred as his father in the play <a href="/wiki/The_Shark_Is_Broken" title="The Shark Is Broken">The Shark Is Broken</a> about the making of Jaws, which premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Fringe</a> in 2019 and transferred to the West End in October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> On March 24, 2020, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Donna_Feore" title="Donna Feore">Donna Feore</a> will direct and choreograph Bruce, the musical retelling of the behind-the-scenes story of Jaws, with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Oberacker" title="Richard Oberacker">Richard Oberacker</a> writing the musical book and lyrics and Robert Taylor working on the music. It was originally set to premiere in June 2021, but was pushed back to June 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Repertory_Theatre" title="Seattle Repertory Theatre">Seattle Repertory Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> On November 20, 2020, a replica of the shark, also called "Bruce", was lifted into place at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures" title="Academy Museum of Motion Pictures">Academy Museum of Motion Pictures</a> in preparation for the museum's April 2021 opening. It was expected to be a major attraction. Greg Nicotero spent seven months restoring Bruce, which had been created after the original three sharks were destroyed and was on display for 15 years at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a>. Bruce then spent 25 years in a junkyard, until the owner donated the shark to the museum in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sequels">Sequels</h2></div> Jaws spawned three sequels to declining critical favor and commercial performance. Their combined domestic grosses amount to barely half of the first film's.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> In October 1975, Spielberg declared to a film festival audience that "making a sequel to anything is just a cheap carny trick".<a href="#cite_note-McBride257-184">[184]</a> Nonetheless, he did consider taking on the first sequel when its original director, <a href="/wiki/John_D._Hancock" title="John D. Hancock">John D. Hancock</a>, was fired a few days into the shoot; ultimately, his obligations to <a href="/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind" title="Close Encounters of the Third Kind">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a>, which he was working on with Dreyfuss, made it impossible.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaws_2" title="Jaws 2">Jaws 2</a> (1978) was eventually directed by <a href="/wiki/Jeannot_Szwarc" title="Jeannot Szwarc">Jeannot Szwarc</a>, with Scheider, Gary, Hamilton, and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Kramer" title="Jeffrey Kramer">Jeffrey Kramer</a> reprising their roles. It is generally regarded as the best of the sequels.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaws_3-D" title="Jaws 3-D">Jaws 3-D</a> (1983) does not feature any of the original actors, although it was directed by Joe Alves, who had served as art director and production designer, respectively, on the two preceding films.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> Starring <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Quaid" title="Dennis Quaid">Dennis Quaid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Gossett_Jr." title="Louis Gossett Jr.">Louis Gossett Jr.</a>, it was released to heavily negative reviews in <a href="/wiki/3-D_film" class="mw-redirect" title="3-D film">3D</a> format. The effect did not transfer to television or home video, where it was renamed Jaws 3.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaws:_The_Revenge" title="Jaws: The Revenge">Jaws: The Revenge</a> (1987) was directed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sargent" title="Joseph Sargent">Joseph Sargent</a>, co-starred <a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a>, and featured the return of Lorraine Gary as Ellen Brody. Entertainment Weekly listed it among the worst sequels ever made.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> While all three sequels made a profit at the box office (Jaws 2 and Jaws 3-D were among the top 20 highest-grossing films of their respective years), critics and audiences alike were largely dissatisfied with the films.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_films_of_1975" title="List of American films of 1975">List of American films of 1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">List of natural horror films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival film</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-afi-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afi_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetailsPrintView/55193">"Jaws (1975)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326172025/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetailsPrintView/55193">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFI+Catalog+of+Feature+Films&rft.atitle=Jaws+%281975%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2FMovieDetailsPrintView%2F55193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/jaws-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnji4mzu1">"JAWS (A)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a>. June 12, 1975. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160130021757/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/jaws-3">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2016. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501194254/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6107576.stm">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2014. Retrieved November 6, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spies%2C+sports%2C+and+sharks&rft.date=2006-11-06&rft.au=Chaundy%2C+Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fmagazine%2F6107576.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheurer1997" class="citation journal cs1">Scheurer, Timothy E. (March 1, 1997). "John Williams and film music since 1971". Popular Music and Society. 21 (1): 59–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03007769708591655">10.1080/03007769708591655</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0300-7766">0300-7766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music+and+Society&rft.atitle=John+Williams+and+film+music+since+1971&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=59-72&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03007769708591655&rft.issn=0300-7766&rft.aulast=Scheurer&rft.aufirst=Timothy+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reelviews-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reelviews_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reelviews_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reelviews_85-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerardinelli,_James2002" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Berardinelli" title="James Berardinelli">Berardinelli, James</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/j/jaws.html">"Jaws"</a>. Reelviews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093031/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/j/jaws.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2018. 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"The New Hollywood". Movie Blockbusters. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Q-OAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA25">25</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+New+Hollywood&rft.btitle=Movie+Blockbusters&rft.pages=25&rft.aulast=Schatz&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> In: <a href="#CITEREFStringer2003">Stringer 2003</a>, pp. 15–44 </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreer2001" class="citation book cs1">Freer, Ian (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completespielber0000free">The Complete Spielberg</a>. <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Virgin Books</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completespielber0000free/page/48">48</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0556-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0556-4"><bdi>978-0-7535-0556-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Spielberg&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7535-0556-4&rft.aulast=Freer&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletespielber0000free&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerry1977" class="citation book cs1">Derry, Charles (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/darkdreamspsycho0000derr">Dark Dreams: A Psychological History of the Modern Horror Film</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/may2006/nf20060522_1037.htm">the original</a> on January 25, 2010. Retrieved September 20, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Week&rft.atitle=The+Biggest+Summer+Blockbusters&rft.date=2006-05-22&rft.aulast=Pisani&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fbwdaily%2Fdnflash%2Fmay2006%2Fnf20060522_1037.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyresFordham,_Alice2006" class="citation news cs1">Ayres, Alice; Fordham, Alice (February 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615075310/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article730585.ece">"Man who gave summer blockbuster its bite dies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article730585.ece">the original</a> on June 15, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Man+who+gave+summer+blockbuster+its+bite+dies&rft.date=2006-02-14&rft.aulast=Ayres&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.au=Fordham%2C+Alice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Ffilm%2Farticle730585.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSiska1980">Siska 1980</a>, p. 125 This, the most detailed source, gives contradictory figures. 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Retrieved April 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detail+view+of+movies%3A+Jaws&rft.pub=American+Film+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F55193-JAWS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert,_Roger1975" class="citation news cs1">Ebert, Roger (January 1, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/jaws-1975">"Jaws"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060803055739/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19750101%2FREVIEWS%2F501010332%2F1023">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2006. Retrieved August 3, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=Jaws&rft.date=1975-01-01&rft.au=Ebert%2C+Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fjaws-1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy,_A._D.1975" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, A. D. (June 18, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117792123/">"Jaws"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206033441/https://variety.com/1975/film/reviews/jaws-1200423515/">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eonline.com/On/Holly/Shows/Jaws/factsheet.html">the original</a> on March 19, 2005. Retrieved January 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheet%3A+Jaws&rft.pub=E%21+Entertainment+Television&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eonline.com%2FOn%2FHolly%2FShows%2FJaws%2Ffactsheet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725112719/http://search.peopleschoice.com/v/26949318/and-the-2nd-annual-favorite-movie-people-s-choice-is-jaws.htm">"And the 2nd Annual "Favorite Movie People's Choice" is ... Jaws!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards" title="People's Choice Awards">People's Choice Awards</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.peopleschoice.com/v/26949318/and-the-2nd-annual-favorite-movie-people-s-choice-is-jaws.htm">the original</a> on July 25, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=And+the+2nd+Annual+%22Favorite+Movie+People%27s+Choice%22+is+...+Jaws%21&rft.pub=People%27s+Choice+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.peopleschoice.com%2Fv%2F26949318%2Fand-the-2nd-annual-favorite-movie-people-s-choice-is-jaws.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dga.org/Awards/History/1970s/1975.aspx">"Awards / History / 1975 – 28th Annual DGA Awards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212319/http://www.dga.org/Awards/History/1970s/1975.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Awards+%2F+History+%2F+1975+%E2%80%93+28th+Annual+DGA+Awards&rft.pub=Directors+Guild+of+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dga.org%2FAwards%2FHistory%2F1970s%2F1975.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618201645/http://librarycatalog.wgfoundation.org/title/titleAwards.ashx?id=806">"Writers Guild Foundation Library Catalog: Jaws"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers Guild of America, West">Writers Guild of America, West</a>. 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Retrieved February 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Editors+Guild+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+75+Best+Edited+Films&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.editorsguild.com%2Fmagazine.cfm%3FArticleID%3D1102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091010151811/http://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/Attractions/jaws_ride.aspx">"Jaws"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Florida" title="Universal Studios Florida">Universal Orlando</a>. 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Retrieved January 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jaws&rft.pub=Universal+Orlando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.universalorlando.com%2FTheme_Parks%2FUniversal_Studios_Orlando%2FAttractions%2Fjaws_ride.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBevil2012" class="citation web cs1">Bevil, Dewayne (January 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2012/01/02/its-the-end-of-the-line-for-jaws-at-universal/">"It's the end of the line for Jaws at Universal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel" title="Orlando Sentinel">Orlando Sentinel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501194711/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-01-02/business/os-universal-studios-jaws-closes-20120102_1_mechanical-sharks-wizarding-world-universal-studios">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orlando+Sentinel&rft.atitle=It%27s+the+end+of+the+line+for+Jaws+at+Universal&rft.date=2012-01-02&rft.aulast=Bevil&rft.aufirst=Dewayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orlandosentinel.com%2F2012%2F01%2F02%2Fits-the-end-of-the-line-for-jaws-at-universal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usj.co.jp/e/attraction/jaws.html">"Jaws"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Japan" title="Universal Studios Japan">Universal Japan</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427010049/http://www.usj.co.jp/e/attraction/jaws.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jaws&rft.pub=Universal+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usj.co.jp%2Fe%2Fattraction%2Fjaws.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140613121739/http://www.universalstudioshollywood.com/attractions/studio-tour/">"Studio Tour"</a>. attractions. universalstudioshollywood.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universalstudioshollywood.com/attractions/studio-tour">the original</a> on June 13, 2014. 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Retrieved April 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=%27Jaws%27-Themed+Stage+Musical+%27Bruce%27+Swimming+Toward+Summer+2021&rft.date=2020-03-24&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2020%2F03%2Fjaws-stage-musical-bruce-paper-mill-playhouse-carl-gottlieb-steven-spielberg-1202891156%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerson2022" class="citation news cs1">Berson, Misha (June 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2022/legit/reviews/bruce-review-musical-making-of-jaws-1235294038/">"'Bruce' Review: New Musical About the Making of 'Jaws' Is a Shaggy, Sometimes Soggy Saga"</a>. Variety. 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Retrieved November 24, 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opelika-Auburn+News&rft.atitle=Bruce%2C+the+last+%27Jaws%27+shark%2C+docks+at+the+Academy+Museum&rft.date=2020-11-23&rft.aulast=Bahr&rft.aufirst=Lindsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foanow.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fbruce-the-last-jaws-shark-docks-at-the-academy-museum%2Farticle_465a4404-9f17-597a-9085-3b0a47a38aec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=jaws.htm">"Jaws Movies"</a>. Box Office Mojo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100205085448/http://boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=jaws.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Jaws+Movies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ffranchises%2Fchart%2F%3Fid%3Djaws.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcBride1999">McBride 1999</a>, pp. 257–258 </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> * <a href="#CITEREFMuir2007">Muir 2007</a>, p. 555 <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinning" class="citation web cs1">Dinning, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018194753/https://www.empireonline.com/reviews/reviewcomplete.asp?fid=133463">"Jaws 2"</a>. Empire. 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Entertainment Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100107000149/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1169126_17,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+25+Worst+Sequels+Ever+Made+%E2%80%93+10.+Jaws%3A+The+Revenge+%281987%29&rft.aulast=Nashawaty&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F2007%2F12%2F22%2Fworst-movie-sequels-ever%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117792125?refcatid=31">"Jaws 3-D"</a>. Variety. January 1, 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110418160307/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117792125?refcatid=31">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Jaws+3-D&rft.date=1983-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.variety.com%2Freview%2FVE1117792125%3Frefcatid%3D31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerek2003" class="citation news cs1">Derek, Tse (June 10, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canoe.ca/NewsStand/LondonFreePress/Today/2003/06/10/107674.html">"Sequels we wish we'd missed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Free_Press" title="The London Free Press">The London Free Press</a>. Retrieved March 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Sequels+we+wish+we%27d+missed&rft.date=2003-06-10&rft.aulast=Derek&rft.aufirst=Tse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canoe.ca%2FNewsStand%2FLondonFreePress%2FToday%2F2003%2F06%2F10%2F107674.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1987" class="citation news cs1">James, Caryn (July 18, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B0DEFDB133CF93BA25754C0A961948260">"Film: 'Jaws the Revenge,' The Fourth in the Series"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210193833/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B0DEFDB133CF93BA25754C0A961948260">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Film%3A+%27Jaws+the+Revenge%2C%27+The+Fourth+in+the+Series&rft.date=1987-07-18&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Caryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D9B0DEFDB133CF93BA25754C0A961948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsonMorrison2011" class="citation book cs1">Adamson, John E.; Morrison, Amanda (2011). 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New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85708-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85708-4"><bdi>978-0-684-85708-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Easy+Riders%2C+Raging+Bulls&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-684-85708-4&rft.aulast=Biskind&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feasyridersraging00biski&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake1975" class="citation book cs1">Blake, Edith (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onlocationonmart00blak">The Making of the Movie Jaws</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-24882-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-24882-4"><bdi>978-0-345-24882-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Movie+Jaws&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-345-24882-4&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonlocationonmart00blak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowker1994" class="citation book cs1">Bowker's Complete Video Directory 1994. New York: <a href="/wiki/R._R._Bowker" title="R. R. Bowker">R. R. Bowker</a>. 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8352-3391-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8352-3391-0"><bdi>978-0-8352-3391-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bowker%27s+Complete+Video+Directory+1994&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=R.+R.+Bowker&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8352-3391-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritton2009" class="citation book cs1">Britton, Andrew (2009) [1979]. "Jaws". In Grant, Barry Keith (ed.). Britton on Film: The Complete Film Criticism of Andrew Britton. Detroit: <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University_Press" title="Wayne State University Press">Wayne State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3363-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3363-1"><bdi>978-0-8143-3363-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jaws&rft.btitle=Britton+on+Film%3A+The+Complete+Film+Criticism+of+Andrew+Britton&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-3363-1&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrode1995" class="citation book cs1">Brode, Douglas (1995). The Films of Steven Spielberg. New York: Carol Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8065-1951-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8065-1951-7"><bdi>978-0-8065-1951-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Films+of+Steven+Spielberg&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Carol+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8065-1951-7&rft.aulast=Brode&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrosnan1978" class="citation book cs1">Brosnan, John (1978). Future Tense: The Cinema of Science Fiction. London: Macdonald and Jane's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-354-04222-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-354-04222-2"><bdi>978-0-354-04222-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Future+Tense%3A+The+Cinema+of+Science+Fiction&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macdonald+and+Jane%27s&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-354-04222-2&rft.aulast=Brosnan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurr1999" class="citation book cs1">Burr, Ty (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/100greatestmovie00burr">The 100 Greatest Movies of All Time</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883013-68-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883013-68-4"><bdi>978-1-883013-68-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+100+Greatest+Movies+of+All+Time&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Entertainment+Weekly+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-883013-68-4&rft.aulast=Burr&rft.aufirst=Ty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F100greatestmovie00burr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCancellaro2006" class="citation book cs1">Cancellaro, Joseph (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exploringsoundde0000canc">Exploring Sound Design for Interactive Media</a>. Florence, Kentucky: Delmar Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4018-8102-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4018-8102-3"><bdi>978-1-4018-8102-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+Sound+Design+for+Interactive+Media&rft.place=Florence%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=Delmar+Learning&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4018-8102-3&rft.aulast=Cancellaro&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexploringsoundde0000canc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsRadner1993" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Jim; Radner, Hilary (1993). Film Theory Goes to the Movies. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90576-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90576-3"><bdi>978-0-415-90576-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+Theory+Goes+to+the+Movies&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-415-90576-3&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Radner%2C+Hilary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2006" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Lester D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citizenspielberg00frie">Citizen Spielberg</a>. Champaign: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07358-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07358-8"><bdi>978-0-252-07358-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizen+Spielberg&rft.place=Champaign&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-252-07358-8&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Lester+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcitizenspielberg00frie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmanNotbohm2000" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Lester D.; Notbohm, Brent (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stevenspielbergi00spie">Steven Spielberg: Interviews</a>. Jackson: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-113-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-113-6"><bdi>978-1-57806-113-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steven+Spielberg%3A+Interviews&rft.place=Jackson&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-57806-113-6&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Lester+D.&rft.au=Notbohm%2C+Brent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstevenspielbergi00spie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2008" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Andrew (2008). Empire of Dreams: The Science Fiction and Fantasy Films of Steven Spielberg. Lanham, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-5578-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-5578-5"><bdi>978-0-7425-5578-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+of+Dreams%3A+The+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy+Films+of+Steven+Spielberg&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-5578-5&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottlieb2005" class="citation book cs1">Gottlieb, Carl (2005). The Jaws Log. New York: <a href="/wiki/Newmarket_Press" title="Newmarket Press">Newmarket Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-20949-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-20949-1"><bdi>978-0-571-20949-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jaws+Log&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Newmarket+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-571-20949-1&rft.aulast=Gottlieb&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallNeale2010" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Sheldon; Neale, Stephen (2010). Epics, Spectacles, and Blockbusters: A Hollywood History. Detroit: <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University_Press" title="Wayne State University Press">Wayne State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3008-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3008-1"><bdi>978-0-8143-3008-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epics%2C+Spectacles%2C+and+Blockbusters%3A+A+Hollywood+History&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-3008-1&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rft.au=Neale%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeath1985" class="citation book cs1">Heath, Stephen (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=22ab7E9K1TYC&pg=PA509">"Jaws, Ideology, and Film Theory"</a>. In Nichols, Bill (ed.). Movies and Methods: An Anthology, Volume II. Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-05409-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-05409-1"><bdi>0-520-05409-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jaws%2C+Ideology%2C+and+Film+Theory&rft.btitle=Movies+and+Methods%3A+An+Anthology%2C+Volume+II&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-520-05409-1&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D22ab7E9K1TYC%26pg%3DPA509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2007" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Kathi (2007). Steven Spielberg: A Biography. Westport, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33796-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33796-3"><bdi>978-0-313-33796-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steven+Spielberg%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33796-3&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Kathi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJameson1979" class="citation journal cs1">Jameson, Fredric (1979). "Reification and Utopia in Mass Culture". Social Text (1). New York and London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 130–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F466409">10.2307/466409</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90012-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90012-6"><bdi>978-0-415-90012-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/466409">466409</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2800844">2800844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Text&rft.atitle=Reification+and+Utopia+in+Mass+Culture&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=130-148&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F466409&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2800844%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F466409%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-415-90012-6&rft.aulast=Jameson&rft.aufirst=Fredric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKael1980" class="citation book cs1">Kael, Pauline (1980) [1975]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whenlightsgodown00kael">"Notes on Evolving Heroes, Morals, Audiences"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whenlightsgodown00kael">When the Lights Go Down</a>. Beverly, Massachusetts: Wadsworth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-056842-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-056842-8"><bdi>978-0-03-056842-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Notes+on+Evolving+Heroes%2C+Morals%2C+Audiences&rft.btitle=When+the+Lights+Go+Down&rft.place=Beverly%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Wadsworth&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-03-056842-8&rft.aulast=Kael&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhenlightsgodown00kael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKochberg1996" class="citation book cs1">Kochberg, Searle (1996). "Institutions, Audiences and Technology". In Nelmes, Jill (ed.). An Introduction to Film Studies. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-10860-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-10860-7"><bdi>978-0-415-10860-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Institutions%2C+Audiences+and+Technology&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Film+Studies&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-415-10860-7&rft.aulast=Kochberg&rft.aufirst=Searle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemkin1984" class="citation book cs1">Lemkin, Jonathan (1984). "Archetypal Landscapes and Jaws". In Grant, Barry Keith (ed.). Planks of Reason: Essays on the Horror Film. Lanham, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-2156-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-2156-9"><bdi>978-0-8108-2156-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archetypal+Landscapes+and+Jaws&rft.btitle=Planks+of+Reason%3A+Essays+on+the+Horror+Film&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-2156-9&rft.aulast=Lemkin&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaltin1999" class="citation book cs1">Maltin, Leonard (1999). "100 Must-See Films of the 20th Century". Leonard Maltin's Movie & Video Guide 2000. New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-452-28123-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-452-28123-3"><bdi>978-0-452-28123-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=100+Must-See+Films+of+the+20th+Century&rft.btitle=Leonard+Maltin%27s+Movie+%26+Video+Guide+2000&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-452-28123-3&rft.aulast=Maltin&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarich2005" class="citation book cs1">Marich, Robert (2005). Marketing to Moviegoers: A Handbook of Strategies Used by Major Studios and Independents. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Focal_Press" title="Focal Press">Focal Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-80687-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-80687-7"><bdi>978-0-240-80687-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marketing+to+Moviegoers%3A+A+Handbook+of+Strategies+Used+by+Major+Studios+and+Independents&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-240-80687-7&rft.aulast=Marich&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMastKawin2003" class="citation book cs1">Mast, Gerald; Kawin, Bruce F. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofmo00mast_1">A Short History of the Movies</a>. Harlow, Essex: <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-10603-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-321-10603-2"><bdi>978-0-321-10603-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Movies&rft.place=Harlow%2C+Essex&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-321-10603-2&rft.aulast=Mast&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.au=Kawin%2C+Bruce+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshorthistoryofmo00mast_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBride1999" class="citation book cs1">McBride, Joseph (1999). Steven Spielberg: A Biography. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80900-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80900-2"><bdi>978-0-306-80900-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steven+Spielberg%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80900-2&rft.aulast=McBride&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoritz1978" class="citation book cs1">Moritz, Charles (1978). Current Biography Yearbook 1978. New York: <a href="/wiki/H._W._Wilson_Company" title="H. W. Wilson Company">H. W. Wilson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99973-770-2-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-99973-770-2-9"><bdi>978-99973-770-2-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook+1978&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-99973-770-2-9&rft.aulast=Moritz&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2007" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Nigel (2007). The Cinema of Steven Spielberg: Empire of Light. New York: Wallflower Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904764-88-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904764-88-5"><bdi>978-1-904764-88-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cinema+of+Steven+Spielberg%3A+Empire+of+Light&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wallflower+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-904764-88-5&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuir2007" class="citation book cs1">Muir, John Kenneth (2007). Horror Films of the 1970s, Volume 2. Jefferson, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3104-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3104-5"><bdi>978-0-7864-3104-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Horror+Films+of+the+1970s%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-3104-5&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=John+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNadler2006" class="citation book cs1">Nadler, Holly (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vineyardconfiden00nadl">Vineyard Confidential: 350 Years of Scandals, Eccentrics, and Strange Occurrences</a>. Rockport, Maine: Down East Enterprise Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89272-687-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89272-687-5"><bdi>978-0-89272-687-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vineyard+Confidential%3A+350+Years+of+Scandals%2C+Eccentrics%2C+and+Strange+Occurrences&rft.place=Rockport%2C+Maine&rft.pub=Down+East+Enterprise+Inc&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-89272-687-5&rft.aulast=Nadler&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvineyardconfiden00nadl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchoa2011" class="citation book cs1">Ochoa, George (2011). Deformed and Destructive Beings: The Purpose of Horror Films. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6307-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6307-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-6307-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deformed+and+Destructive+Beings%3A+The+Purpose+of+Horror+Films&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-6307-7&rft.aulast=Ochoa&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaszylk2009" class="citation book cs1">Paszylk, Bartłomiej (2009). The Pleasure and Pain of Cult Horror Films: An Historical Survey. Jefferson, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3695-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3695-8"><bdi>978-0-7864-3695-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pleasure+and+Pain+of+Cult+Horror+Films%3A+An+Historical+Survey&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-3695-8&rft.aulast=Paszylk&rft.aufirst=Bart%C5%82omiej&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen1975" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, Clarence (1975). The Bantam Story: Thirty Years of Paperback Publishing. Bantam Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1937339">1937339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bantam+Story%3A+Thirty+Years+of+Paperback+Publishing&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1937339&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Clarence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriggé2004" class="citation book cs1">Priggé, Steven (2004). Movie Moguls Speak: Interviews with Top Film Producers. Jefferson, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1929-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1929-6"><bdi>978-0-7864-1929-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Movie+Moguls+Speak%3A+Interviews+with+Top+Film+Producers&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1929-6&rft.aulast=Prigg%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScanlon2009" class="citation book cs1">Scanlon, Jennifer (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/badgirlsgoeveryw00scan">Bad Girls Go Everywhere: The Life of Helen Gurley Brown</a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534205-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534205-5"><bdi>978-0-19-534205-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bad+Girls+Go+Everywhere%3A+The+Life+of+Helen+Gurley+Brown&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-534205-5&rft.aulast=Scanlon&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbadgirlsgoeveryw00scan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShone2004" class="citation book cs1">Shone, Tom (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blockbusterhowho00shon">Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-3568-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-3568-6"><bdi>978-0-7432-3568-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blockbuster%3A+How+Hollywood+Learned+to+Stop+Worrying+and+Love+the+Summer&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-3568-6&rft.aulast=Shone&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblockbusterhowho00shon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinyard1989" class="citation book cs1">Sinyard, Neil (1989). The Films of Steven Spielberg. London: <a href="/wiki/Hamlyn_(publishers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamlyn (publishers)">Hamlyn Bison</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-600-55226-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-600-55226-0"><bdi>978-0-600-55226-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Films+of+Steven+Spielberg&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hamlyn+Bison&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-600-55226-0&rft.aulast=Sinyard&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiska1980" class="citation book cs1">Siska, William Charles (1980). Toward a Semiotic Theory of Visual Communication in the Cinema. Manchester, New Hampshire: Ayer Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-405-12900-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-405-12900-1"><bdi>978-0-405-12900-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toward+a+Semiotic+Theory+of+Visual+Communication+in+the+Cinema&rft.place=Manchester%2C+New+Hampshire&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-405-12900-1&rft.aulast=Siska&rft.aufirst=William+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley1988" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, John (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/revengeofcreatur00stan">Revenge of the Creature Features Movie Guide: An A to Z Encyclopedia to the Cinema of the Fantastic, or, Is There a Mad Doctor in the House?</a>. Pacifica, California: Creatures at Large Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940064-08-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940064-08-9"><bdi>978-0-940064-08-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revenge+of+the+Creature+Features+Movie+Guide%3A+An+A+to+Z+Encyclopedia+to+the+Cinema+of+the+Fantastic%2C+or%2C+Is+There+a+Mad+Doctor+in+the+House%3F&rft.place=Pacifica%2C+California&rft.pub=Creatures+at+Large+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-940064-08-9&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frevengeofcreatur00stan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStringer2003" class="citation book cs1">Stringer, Julian (2003). Movie Blockbusters. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25608-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25608-7"><bdi>978-0-415-25608-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Movie+Blockbusters&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25608-7&rft.aulast=Stringer&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2012" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Matt (2012). Jaws: Memories from Martha's Vineyard. London: <a href="/wiki/Titan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan Books">Titan Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78116-302-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78116-302-3"><bdi>978-1-78116-302-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jaws%3A+Memories+from+Martha%27s+Vineyard&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Titan+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78116-302-3&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1999" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Graeme (1999). Film as Social Practice. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-21595-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-21595-4"><bdi>978-0-415-21595-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+as+Social+Practice&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-21595-4&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyatt1994" class="citation book cs1">Wyatt, Justin (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/highconceptmovie00wyat">High Concept: Movies and Marketing in Hollywood</a>. Austin: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-79091-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-79091-9"><bdi>978-0-292-79091-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+Concept%3A+Movies+and+Marketing+in+Hollywood&rft.place=Austin&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-292-79091-9&rft.aulast=Wyatt&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhighconceptmovie00wyat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyatt1998" class="citation book cs1">Wyatt, Justin (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newamericancinem00lewi">"From Roadshowing to Saturation Release: Majors, Independents, and Marketing/Distribution Innovations"</a>. In Lewis, Jon (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newamericancinem00lewi">The New American Cinema</a>. Durham, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2115-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2115-6"><bdi>978-0-8223-2115-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Roadshowing+to+Saturation+Release%3A+Majors%2C+Independents%2C+and+Marketing%2FDistribution+Innovations&rft.btitle=The+New+American+Cinema&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2115-6&rft.aulast=Wyatt&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewamericancinem00lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYewdall2011" class="citation book cs1">Yewdall, David Lewis (2011). Practical Art of Motion Picture Sound. Waltham, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Focal_Press" title="Focal Press">Focal Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81240-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81240-3"><bdi>978-0-240-81240-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Art+of+Motion+Picture+Sound&rft.place=Waltham%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-240-81240-3&rft.aulast=Yewdall&rft.aufirst=David+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaws+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jaws_(film)" class="extiw" title="q:Jaws (film)">Jaws</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/jaws.html">Jaws</a> at <a href="/wiki/Filmsite.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmsite.org">Filmsite.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0073195/">Jaws</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/24261/enwp">Jaws</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v25912">Jaws</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=jaws.htm">Jaws</a> at <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/jaws">Jaws</a> at <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189505#P1712" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jaws">Jaws</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jaws_(franchise)" title="Template:Jaws (franchise)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jaws_(franchise)" title="Template talk:Jaws (franchise)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jaws_(franchise)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jaws (franchise)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jaws" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(franchise)" title="Jaws (franchise)">Jaws</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Benchley" title="Peter Benchley">Peter Benchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannot_Szwarc" title="Jeannot Szwarc">Jeannot Szwarc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Alves" title="Joe Alves">Joe Alves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sargent" title="Joseph Sargent">Joseph Sargent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaws</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_2" title="Jaws 2">Jaws 2</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_3-D" title="Jaws 3-D">Jaws 3-D</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws:_The_Revenge" title="Jaws: The Revenge">Jaws: The Revenge</a> (1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(novel)" title="Jaws (novel)">Jaws</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shark_Jaws" title="Shark Jaws">Shark Jaws</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(video_game)" title="Jaws (video game)">Jaws</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_Unleashed" title="Jaws Unleashed">Jaws Unleashed</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws.io" title="Jaws.io">Jaws.io</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funko_Fusion" title="Funko Fusion">Funko Fusion</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(soundtrack)" title="Jaws (soundtrack)">Soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shark_Is_Still_Working" title="The Shark Is Still Working">The Shark Is Still Working</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(ride)" title="Jaws (ride)">Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Game_of_Jaws" title="The Game of Jaws">The Game of Jaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore_shark_attacks_of_1916" title="Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916">Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)#Sinking" title="USS Indianapolis (CA-35)">1945 sinking of the USS Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Theme_Parks_Adventure" title="Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure">Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Mundus" title="Frank Mundus">Frank Mundus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shark_Is_Broken" title="The Shark Is Broken">The Shark Is Broken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jaws_(franchise)" title="Category:Jaws (franchise)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Steven_Spielberg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Steven_Spielberg" title="Template:Steven Spielberg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Steven_Spielberg" title="Template talk:Steven Spielberg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Steven_Spielberg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Steven Spielberg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Steven_Spielberg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Steven_Spielberg" title="List of awards and nominations received by Steven Spielberg">Accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_works_on_Steven_Spielberg" title="Bibliography of works on Steven Spielberg">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg_filmography" title="Steven Spielberg filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg%27s_unrealized_projects" title="Steven Spielberg's unrealized projects">Unrealized projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firelight_(1964_film)" title="Firelight (1964 film)">Firelight</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipstream_(unfinished_film)" title="Slipstream (unfinished film)">Slipstream</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblin%27" title="Amblin'">Amblin'</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Gallery_(film)" title="Night Gallery (film)">Night Gallery</a> (1969; segment "Eyes")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duel_(1971_film)" title="Duel (1971 film)">Duel</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Something_Evil" title="Something Evil">Something Evil</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_(1973_TV_film)" title="Savage (1973 TV film)">Savage</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sugarland_Express" title="The Sugarland Express">The Sugarland Express</a> (1974)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaws</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind" title="Close Encounters of the Third Kind">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_(film)" title="1941 (film)">1941</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twilight_Zone:_The_Movie" title="Twilight Zone: The Movie">Twilight Zone: The Movie</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(1985_film)" title="The Color Purple (1985 film)">The Color Purple</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_the_Sun_(film)" title="Empire of the Sun (film)">Empire of the Sun</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Always_(1989_film)" title="Always (1989 film)">Always</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(film)" title="Hook (film)">Hook</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park">The Lost World: Jurassic Park</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amistad_(film)" title="Amistad (film)">Amistad</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.I._Artificial_Intelligence" title="A.I. Artificial Intelligence">A.I. Artificial Intelligence</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)" title="Minority Report (film)">Minority Report</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_Me_If_You_Can" title="Catch Me If You Can">Catch Me If You Can</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Terminal" title="The Terminal">The Terminal</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Worlds_(2005_film)" title="War of the Worlds (2005 film)">War of the Worlds</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_(2005_film)" title="Munich (2005 film)">Munich</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Kingdom_of_the_Crystal_Skull" title="Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull">Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_(film)" title="The Adventures of Tintin (film)">The Adventures of Tintin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Horse_(film)" title="War Horse (film)">War Horse</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(film)" title="Lincoln (film)">Lincoln</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Spies_(film)" title="Bridge of Spies (film)">Bridge of Spies</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_BFG_(2016_film)" title="The BFG (2016 film)">The BFG</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Post_(film)" title="The Post (film)">The Post</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">Ready Player One</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(2021_film)" title="West Side Story (2021 film)">West Side Story</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fabelmans" title="The Fabelmans">The Fabelmans</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Eli_and_Rodger_of_the_Skies" title="Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies">Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(1982_film)" title="Poltergeist (1982 film)">Poltergeist</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goonies" title="The Goonies">The Goonies</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films produced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_American_Tail:_Fievel_Goes_West" title="An American Tail: Fievel Goes West">An American Tail: Fievel Goes West</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_of_a_Geisha_(film)" title="Memoirs of a Geisha (film)">Memoirs of a Geisha</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Our_Fathers_(film)" title="Flags of Our Fathers (film)">Flags of Our Fathers</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_Iwo_Jima" title="Letters from Iwo Jima">Letters from Iwo Jima</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_8_(2011_film)" title="Super 8 (2011 film)">Super 8</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hundred-Foot_Journey_(film)" title="The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)">The Hundred-Foot Journey</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_(2023_film)" title="Maestro (2023 film)">Maestro</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(2023_film)" title="The Color Purple (2023 film)">The Color Purple</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_by_John_Williams" title="Music by John Williams">Music by John Williams</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnet_(film)" title="Hamnet (film)">Hamnet</a> (TBA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/L.A._2017" title="L.A. 2017">L.A. 2017</a>" (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Stories_(1985_TV_series)" title="Amazing Stories (1985 TV series)">Amazing Stories</a> (1985–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Incident" title="High Incident">High Incident</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_America" title="Invasion America">Invasion America</a> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dig_(video_game)" title="The Dig (video game)">The Dig</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg%27s_Director%27s_Chair" title="Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair">Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor_(1999_video_game)" title="Medal of Honor (1999 video game)">Medal of Honor</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor:_Allied_Assault" title="Medal of Honor: Allied Assault">Medal of Honor: Allied Assault</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_Blox" title="Boom Blox">Boom Blox</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_Blox_Bash_Party" title="Boom Blox Bash Party">Boom Blox Bash Party</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Irving" title="Amy Irving">Amy Irving</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Capshaw" title="Kate Capshaw">Kate Capshaw</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destry_Spielberg" title="Destry Spielberg">Destry Spielberg</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Spielberg" title="Sasha Spielberg">Sasha Spielberg</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Spielberg" title="Arnold Spielberg">Arnold Spielberg</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Spielberg" title="Anne Spielberg">Anne Spielberg</a> (sister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Partners" title="Amblin Partners">Amblin Partners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Entertainment" title="Amblin Entertainment">Amblin Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Television" title="Amblin Television">Amblin Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Television" title="DreamWorks Television">DreamWorks Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblimation" title="Amblimation">Amblimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks Pictures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USC_Shoah_Foundation" title="USC Shoah Foundation">USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg_Jewish_Film_Archive" title="Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive">Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Fabelman" title="Sammy Fabelman">Sammy Fabelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spielberg_(film)" title="Spielberg (film)">Spielberg</a> (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cannibal_(Marcus_Mumford_song)" title="Cannibal (Marcus Mumford song)">Cannibal</a>" (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Vampire_Smiley.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vampire_Smiley.png/21px-Vampire_Smiley.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vampire_Smiley.png/31px-Vampire_Smiley.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vampire_Smiley.png/41px-Vampire_Smiley.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="555" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction/Horror" title="Portal:Speculative fiction/Horror">Speculative fiction/Horror</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg/21px-Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg/32px-Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg/42px-Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="46" data-file-height="42" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sharks" title="Portal:Sharks">Sharks</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189505#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189505#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189505#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/228027938">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4602474-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80019727">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16458679k">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16458679k">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX3986243">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/50148">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007379477505171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515805706706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/187063605">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaws_(film)&oldid=1259225210">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaws_(film)&oldid=1259225210</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1975_films" title="Category:1975 films">1975 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_American_films" title="Category:1970s American films">1970s American films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_English-language_films" title="Category:1970s English-language films">1970s English-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_adventure_thriller_films" title="Category:1970s adventure thriller films">1970s adventure thriller films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:3D_re-releases" title="Category:3D re-releases">3D re-releases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_adventure_thriller_films" title="Category:American adventure thriller films">American adventure thriller films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_natural_horror_films" title="Category:American natural horror films">American natural horror films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_police_officers" title="Category:Films about police officers">Films about police officers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_shark_attacks" title="Category:Films about shark attacks">Films about shark attacks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_based_on_American_thriller_novels" title="Category:Films based on American thriller novels">Films based on American thriller novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_based_on_works_by_Peter_Benchley" title="Category:Films based on works by Peter Benchley">Films based on works by Peter Benchley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Steven_Spielberg" title="Category:Films directed by Steven Spielberg">Films directed by Steven Spielberg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_produced_by_David_Brown" title="Category:Films produced by David Brown">Films produced by David Brown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_produced_by_Richard_D._Zanuck" title="Category:Films produced by Richard D. Zanuck">Films produced by Richard D. Zanuck</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_John_Williams" title="Category:Films scored by John Williams">Films scored by John Williams</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_1974" title="Category:Films set in 1974">Films set in 1974</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_New_England" title="Category:Films set in New England">Films set in New England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_on_beaches" title="Category:Films set on beaches">Films set on beaches</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_on_boats" title="Category:Films set on boats">Films set on boats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_on_fictional_islands" title="Category:Films set on fictional islands">Films set on fictional islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Los_Angeles" title="Category:Films shot in Los Angeles">Films shot in Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Category:Films shot in Martha's Vineyard">Films shot in Martha's Vineyard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_South_Australia" title="Category:Films shot in South Australia">Films shot in South Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_that_won_the_Best_Original_Score_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award">Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_that_won_the_Best_Sound_Mixing_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award">Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_whose_editor_won_the_Best_Film_Editing_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award">Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Carl_Gottlieb" title="Category:Films with screenplays by Carl Gottlieb">Films with screenplays by Carl Gottlieb</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holiday_horror_films" title="Category:Holiday horror films">Holiday horror films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IMAX_films" title="Category:IMAX films">IMAX films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Independence_Day_(United_States)_films" title="Category:Independence Day (United States) films">Independence Day (United States) films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jaws_(franchise)" title="Category:Jaws (franchise)">Jaws (franchise)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sea_adventure_films" title="Category:Sea adventure films">Sea adventure films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Seafaring_films" title="Category:Seafaring films">Seafaring films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Zanuck_Company_films" title="Category:The Zanuck Company films">The Zanuck Company films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_National_Film_Registry_films" title="Category:United States National Film Registry films">United States National Film Registry films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universal_Pictures_films" title="Category:Universal Pictures films">Universal Pictures films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_record_holders" title="Category:World record holders">World record holders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_adventure_thriller_films" title="Category:English-language adventure thriller films">English-language adventure thriller films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saturn_Award%E2%80%93winning_films" title="Category:Saturn Award–winning films">Saturn Award–winning films</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)">CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_March_2019" title="Category:Use American English from March 2019">Use American English from March 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2015" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2015">Use mdy dates from October 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Template_film_date_with_1_release_date" title="Category:Template film date with 1 release date">Template film date with 1 release date</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rotten_Tomatoes_ID_same_as_Wikidata" title="Category:Rotten Tomatoes ID same as Wikidata">Rotten Tomatoes ID same as Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rotten_Tomatoes_template_using_name_parameter" title="Category:Rotten Tomatoes template using name parameter">Rotten Tomatoes template using name parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" 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