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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>North Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sahel_/_Sudan_and_Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sahel_/_Sudan_and_Sub-Saharan_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.6</span> <span>Sahel / Sudan and Sub-Saharan Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sahel_/_Sudan_and_Sub-Saharan_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-Columbian_Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Columbian_Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.7</span> <span>Pre-Columbian Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Columbian_Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early Modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_empires" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_empires"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Colonial empires</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_empires-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-Saharan_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Sub-Saharan Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_and_technological_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_and_technological_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cultural and technological history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_and_technological_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Calendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centuries_and_decades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centuries_and_decades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Centuries and decades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centuries_and_decades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">2nd millennium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الألفية الميلادية الثانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الألفية الميلادية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileniu_II" title="Mileniu II – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mileniu II" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_ary_mok%C3%B5iha" title="Su ary mokõiha – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Su ary mokõiha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="2-абилеб азарсон – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="2-абилеб азарсон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_minillik" title="II minillik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II minillik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="দ্বিতীয় সহস্রাব্দ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিতীয় সহস্রাব্দ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="2-е тысячагоддзе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="2-е тысячагоддзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="II тысячагодзьдзе – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="II тысячагодзьдзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="2 хилядолетие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="2 хилядолетие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._milenij" title="2. milenij – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="2. milenij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eil_milved" title="Eil milved – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eil milved" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="II мянган – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="II мянган" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil%C2%B7lenni_II" title="Mil·lenni II – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mil·lenni II" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._tis%C3%ADcilet%C3%AD" title="2. tisíciletí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="2. tisíciletí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%C3%A5rtusinde" title="2. årtusinde – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="2. årtusinde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_2" title="لألفية 2 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لألفية 2" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._Jahrtausend" title="2. Jahrtausend – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="2. Jahrtausend" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._aastatuhat" title="2. aastatuhat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="2. aastatuhat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%CE%B7_%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="2η χιλιετία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="2η χιλιετία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sec%C3%B2nd_mil%C3%A8ni" title="Secònd milèni – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Secònd milèni" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_milenio" title="II milenio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="II milenio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-a_jarmilo" title="2-a jarmilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="2-a jarmilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._milurtekoa" title="2. milurtekoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2. milurtekoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="هزاره دوم (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هزاره دوم (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%C3%A1rat%C3%BAsund" title="2. áratúsund – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="2. áratúsund" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IIe millénaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2e_milennium" title="2e milennium – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="2e milennium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_m%C3%ACle-bliadhna" title="2 mìle-bliadhna – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="2 mìle-bliadhna" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%83" title="2-гӀа эзаршу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="2-гӀа эзаршу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B2%9C%EB%85%84%EA%B8%B0" title="제2천년기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2천년기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="2-րդ հազարամյակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="2-րդ հազարամյակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="२रीं सहस्राब्दी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="२रीं सहस्राब्दी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._tisu%C4%87lje%C4%87e" title="2. tisućljeće – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="2. tisućljeće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duesma_yarmilo" title="Duesma yarmilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Duesma yarmilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maika-2_a_milenio" title="Maika-2 a milenio – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Maika-2 a milenio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ke-2" title="Milenium ke-2 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Milenium ke-2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%C3%A1r%C3%BE%C3%BAsundi%C3%B0" title="2. árþúsundið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="2. árþúsundið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_millennio" title="II millennio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="II millennio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A3_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99" title="האלף השני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האלף השני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="II ათასწლეული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="II ათასწლეული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenia_ya_2" title="Milenia ya 2 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Milenia ya 2" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIe_milen%C3%A8" title="IIe milenè – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="IIe milenè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE/2-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Википедия:Сомо/2-миңжылдык – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Википедия:Сомо/2-миңжылдык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_2" title="Millennium 2 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Millennium 2" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._t%C5%ABksto%C5%A1gade" title="2. tūkstošgade – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="2. tūkstošgade" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._Joerdausend" title="2. Joerdausend – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="2. Joerdausend" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_t%C5%ABkstantmetis" title="2 tūkstantmetis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="2 tūkstantmetis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_millennio" title="II millennio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="II millennio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1xyxyxymoi" title="1xyxyxymoi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1xyxyxymoi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%C3%A9vezred" title="2. évezred – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="2. évezred" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="II милениум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="II милениум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे २ रे सहस्रक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे २ रे सहस्रक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="II ვითოშწანურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="II ვითოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الفيه تانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفيه تانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ke-2" title="Milenium ke-2 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Milenium ke-2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ka-2" title="Milenium ka-2 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Milenium ka-2" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo_mil%C3%A9nio_depuis_de_Cristo" title="Segundo milénio depuis de Cristo – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Segundo milénio depuis de Cristo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82_%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="၂ ထောင်စုနှစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၂ ထောင်စုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2e_millennium" title="2e millennium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="2e millennium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="2千年紀 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2千年紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_millennio" title="II millennio – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="II millennio" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._juard%C3%BC%C3%BCsen" title="2. juardüüsen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="2. juardüüsen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-mingyillik" title="2-mingyillik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="2-mingyillik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A2" title="សហស្សវត្សរ៍ទី២ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សហស្សវត្សរ៍ទី២" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_tysi%C4%85clecie_n.e." title="II tysiąclecie n.e. – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="II tysiąclecie n.e." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo_mil%C3%A9nio_d.C." title="Segundo milénio d.C. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segundo milénio d.C." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileniul_al_II-lea" title="Mileniul al II-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mileniul al II-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="2. тысячроча – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="2. тысячроча" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="2-е тысячелетие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="2-е тысячелетие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_-c_%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%BB%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2 -c тыһыынча сыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="2 -c тыһыынча сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwagakete_2" title="Ngwagakete 2 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ngwagakete 2" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secunnu_millenniu" title="Secunnu millenniu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Secunnu millenniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BA" title="2 වන සහස්‍රවර්ෂය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="2 වන සහස්‍රවර්ෂය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2nd millennium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die" title="2. tisícročie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="2. tisícročie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._tiso%C4%8Dletje" title="2. tisočletje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="2. tisočletje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="2. миленијум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="2. миленијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._milenijum" title="2. milenijum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="2. milenijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toinen_vuosituhat" title="Toinen vuosituhat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toinen vuosituhat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000-talet_(millennium)" title="1000-talet (millennium) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1000-talet (millennium)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-2_milenyo" title="Ika-2 milenyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-2 milenyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="2-ஆம் ஆயிரமாண்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="2-ஆம் ஆயிரமாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="2 меңьеллык – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="2 меңьеллык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%80%B5%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_2" title="ပီႁူဝ်ႁဵင် 2 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႁူဝ်ႁဵင် 2" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2" title="คริสต์สหัสวรรษที่ 2 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์สหัสวรรษที่ 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._biny%C4%B1l" title="2. binyıl – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2. binyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-nji_m%C3%BC%C5%88%C3%BDyllyk" title="2-nji müňýyllyk – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="2-nji müňýyllyk" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="2-ге тисячоліття – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="2-ге тисячоліття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7_%DB%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="دوسرا ہزارہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوسرا ہزارہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_ni%C3%AAn_k%E1%BB%B7_2" title="Thiên niên kỷ 2 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên niên kỷ 2" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-2_nga_yukottuig" title="Ika-2 nga yukottuig – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-2 nga yukottuig" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Millennium spanning the years 1001 to 2000</div> <table class="infobox" style="max-width:100%; width: 400px"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <th style="text-align:right;"><small><a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">Millennia</a>:</small> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st millennium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium" title="3rd millennium">3rd millennium</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><small><a href="/wiki/Centuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Centuries">Centuries</a>:</small> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2nd_millennium_montage.png/400px-2nd_millennium_montage.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/2nd_millennium_montage.png 1.5x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="392" usemap="#ImageMap_730789bf0093dff2" resource="/wiki/File:2nd_millennium_montage.png" /></span><map name="ImageMap_730789bf0093dff2"><area href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" shape="rect" coords="2,2,179,135" alt="European colonization of the Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas" /><area href="/wiki/American_Revolution" shape="rect" coords="184,4,311,87" alt="American Revolution" title="American Revolution" /><area href="/wiki/Ottoman_conquest_of_Constantinople" shape="rect" coords="316,3,396,113" alt="Islamic conquest of Constantinople" title="Islamic conquest of Constantinople" /><area href="/wiki/Black_Death" shape="rect" coords="184,91,311,177" alt="Black Death" title="Black Death" /><area href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" shape="rect" coords="4,150,78,266" alt="Napoleon Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte" /><area href="/wiki/Telephone" shape="rect" coords="91,140,179,212" alt="Telephone" title="Telephone" /><area href="/wiki/Airplane" shape="rect" coords="87,219,182,274" alt="Airplane" title="Airplane" /><area href="/wiki/Apollo_11" shape="rect" coords="190,182,306,269" alt="Apollo 11" title="Apollo 11" /><area href="/wiki/World_War_II" shape="rect" coords="316,117,397,210" alt="World War II" title="World War II" /><area href="/wiki/Light_Bulb" shape="rect" coords="312,215,365,274" alt="Light Bulb" title="Light Bulb" /><area href="/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible" shape="rect" coords="1,1,401,279" alt="Gutenberg Bible" title="Gutenberg Bible" /></map><figcaption>From top left, clockwise: in 1492, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> reaches <a href="/wiki/The_New_World" class="mw-redirect" title="The New World">the New World</a>, opening the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization of the Americas</a>; the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, one of the late 1700s <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>-inspired <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Revolutions" title="Atlantic Revolutions">Atlantic Revolutions</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_conquest_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman conquest of Constantinople">Ottoman conquest of Constantinople</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic Bomb">Atomic Bomb</a> from <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>; an alternate source of light, the <a href="/wiki/Light_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Light bulb">light bulb</a>; for the first time, a <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">human being</a> <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">sets foot on the Moon</a> in 1969 during the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> Moon mission; <a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">airplanes</a> enable widespread air travel; <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, in the early 19th century, affects France and Europe with <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modernization" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernization">modernization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a>; in 1348, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> kills in just two years over 100 million people worldwide, and over half of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. (Background: An excerpt from the <a href="/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible" title="Gutenberg Bible">Gutenberg Bible</a>, the first major book printed in the West using movable type, in the 1450s)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>second millennium</b> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">millennium</a> spanning the years 1001 to 2000. It began on January 1, 1001 (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MI</a>) and ended on December 31, 2000 (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MM</a>), (<a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th</a> to <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th</a> centuries; in astronomy: <a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">JD</a> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006208666750000000♠"></span>2<span style="margin-left:.25em;">086</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">667</span>.5</span> – <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006245190950000000♠"></span>2<span style="margin-left:.25em;">451</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">909</span>.5</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>It encompassed the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High</a> and <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a> and the period of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>, characterized by the <a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">colonial period</a>. Its final two centuries coincide with <a href="/wiki/Modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">modern history</a>, characterized by <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a>, the rise of <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation states</a>, the rapid development of <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, widespread <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, and universal <a href="/wiki/Medical" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical">health care</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">vaccinations</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Developed_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed world">developed world</a>. The <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> saw increasing <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a>, most notably the two <a href="/wiki/World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wars">World Wars</a> and the subsequent formation of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 20th-century technology includes <a href="/wiki/Powered_flight" class="mw-redirect" title="Powered flight">powered flight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">semiconductor technology</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a>. The term "<a href="/wiki/Great_Divergence" title="Great Divergence">Great Divergence</a>" was coined to refer the unprecedented cultural and political ascent of the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> in the second half of the millennium, emerging by the 18th century as the most powerful and wealthy <a href="/wiki/Cultural_globalization" title="Cultural globalization">world civilization</a>, having eclipsed <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Islamic world</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Subcontinent">India</a>. This allowed the <a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">colonization</a> by European countries of much of the world during this millennium, including the Americas, Africa, Oceania, and South and Southeast Asia. </p><p><a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">World population</a> grew without precedent over the millennium, from about 310 million in 1000 to about 6 billion in 2000. The <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population growth</a> rate increased dramatically during this time; world population approximately doubled to 600 million by 1700, and doubled more than three more times by 2000, ultimately reaching about 1.8% per year in the second half of the 20th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_history">Political history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>sort, arrange, comment.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/2nd_millennium" title="Special:EditPage/2nd millennium">improve this section</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Human_history" title="Human history">Human history</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_during_the_Middle_Ages" title="List of states during the Middle Ages">List of states during the Middle Ages</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_11th_century" title="List of political entities in the 11th century">List of political entities in the 11th century</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Western/Central Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a> (843–1707): see <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Scotland">Medieval Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> (927–1707): see <a href="/wiki/Medieval_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval England">Medieval England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (962–1806): see <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Germany">Medieval Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> (987–1789): see <a href="/wiki/Medieval_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval France">Medieval France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (1000–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> (1139–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1025%E2%80%931385)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)">Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)</a>: see <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Poland">Medieval Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> (from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1300</span>): see <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Switzerland">Medieval Switzerland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Italy">Medieval Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Spain">Medieval Spain</a>: see also <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a> (929–1031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> (1035–1479)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a> (1030–1479)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a> (1230–1492)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scandinavia#Middle_Ages_(1100–1600)" title="History of Scandinavia">Medieval Scandinavia</a>: see also <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark#Viking_and_Middle_Ages" title="Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 936</span>–1397)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(800%E2%80%931521)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sweden (800–1521)">Kingdom of Sweden</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 970</span>–1397)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway#Middle_Ages" title="History of Norway">Kingdom of Norway</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1015</span>–1397)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a> (1397–1523)</li></ul></li> <li>Eastern/Southeastern Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (330–1453)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kievan Rus">Kievan Rus</a> (880–1150)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_union_with_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia in union with Hungary">Croatia in union with Hungary</a> (1102–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Kingdom of Bosnia</a> (1154–1463)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a> (1185–1396)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a> (1217–1346)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a> (1346–1371)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1236</span>–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> (1240s–1502), see also: <a href="/wiki/Tatar_yoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatar yoke">Tatar yoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Grand Duchy of Moscow</a> (1283–1547)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Near_East">Near East</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Near East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>see also <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasions">Mongol invasions</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (330–1453)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> (750–1517)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Bagratid Armenia</a> (880s–1045)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> (910–1171)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a> (1008–1493)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> (1037–1194)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarazmian dynasty">Khwarazmian dynasty</a> (1077–1231)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">County of Edessa</a> (1098–1144)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a> (1098–1268)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> (1099–1291)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a> (1102–1289)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a> (1204–1261)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubids">Ayyubids</a> (1171–1260)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a> (1194–1308)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Sultanate</a> (1250–1517)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> (1256–1353)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (1299–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> (1370–1507)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_Africa">North Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: North Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid dynasty</a> (1040–1147)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad dynasty">Almohad dynasty</a> (1121–1269)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinid_dynasty" title="Marinid dynasty">Marinid dynasty</a> (1244–1465)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafsid_dynasty" title="Hafsid dynasty">Hafsid dynasty</a> (1229–1574)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tlemcen" title="Kingdom of Tlemcen">Kingdom of Tlemcen</a> (1235–1554)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> (918–1392)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a> (1026–1343)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> (1115–1234)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a> (802–1431)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> (907–1125)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> (1206–1368)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">Pagan Kingdom</a> (849–1287)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> (1038–1227)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan (Mongol) dynasty</a> (1271–1368)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent">Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Chalukyas" title="Eastern Chalukyas">Eastern Chalukyas</a> (7th to 12th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala Empire</a> (8th to 12th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Chola Empire</a> (9th century to 13th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western Chalukya Empire</a> (10th to 12th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalachuris_of_Tripuri" title="Kalachuris of Tripuri">Kalachuri dynasty</a> (10th to 12th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga dynasty</a> (11th to 15th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a> (10th to 14th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiya Kingdom</a> (1083–1323)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sena_dynasty" title="Sena dynasty">Sena dynasty</a> (11th to 12th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> (1206–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a> (1352–1576)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahom Kingdom">Ahom Kingdom</a> (from 1228)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reddy_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Reddy dynasty">Reddy Kingdom</a> (1325–1448)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seuna_(Yadava)_dynasty" title="Seuna (Yadava) dynasty">Seuna (Yadava) dynasty</a> (1190–1315)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> (1375–1591)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sahel_/_Sudan_and_Sub-Saharan_Africa"><span id="Sahel_.2F_Sudan_and_Sub-Saharan_Africa"></span>Sahel / Sudan and Sub-Saharan Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sahel / Sudan and Sub-Saharan Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_the_Sudan_region" title="Islamization of the Sudan region">Islamization of the Sudan region</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Empire" title="Gao Empire">Gao Empire</a>, Sahel (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 9th</span> to 15th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Benin Empire">Benin Empire</a>, West Africa (from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1180</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ifat" title="Sultanate of Ifat">Sultanate of Ifat</a>, Horn of Africa (1285–1415)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a>, Sahel (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1230</span>–1600)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empire</a>, Sahel (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1464</span>–1591)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ife_Empire" title="Ife Empire">Ife Empire</a>, West Africa (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200</span>–1420)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo Empire</a>, West Africa (from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1300</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongo Empire">Kongo Empire</a>, West Africa (from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1390</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nri" title="Kingdom of Nri">Kingdom of Nri</a>, West Africa (from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200</span>?)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-Columbian_Americas">Pre-Columbian Americas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pre-Columbian Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya civilisation">Maya civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toltec" title="Toltec">Toltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinland" title="Vinland">Vinland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chim%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimú">Chimú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cuzco" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Cuzco">Kingdom of Cuzco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Modern_period">Early Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern period">Early Modern period</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Colonization_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="European Colonization of the Americas">Colonial Era</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Great_Divergence" title="Great Divergence">Great Divergence</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1528" title="List of sovereign states in 1528">List of sovereign states in 1528</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1648" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1648">List of sovereign states in 1648</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1660" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1660">List of sovereign states in 1660</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1777" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1777">List of sovereign states in 1777</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe_2">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Europe" title="Early modern Europe">Early modern Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic wars">Napoleonic wars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe#Early_Modern_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Monarchies_in_Europe § Early_Modern_Europe</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1385%E2%80%931569)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)">Kingdom of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (see <a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern Germany">early modern Germany</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>, (see <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern France">early modern France</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> (before 1707)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a> (before 1707)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> (1707–1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg Empire</a> (1526–1867)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colonial_empires"><a href="/wiki/Colonial_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial empires">Colonial empires</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Colonial empires"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> (1402–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> (1415–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch Empire</a> (1543–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> (1583–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a> (1605–1960)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia">Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (1299–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid Persia">Safavid Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> (1557–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand dynasty</a> (1750–1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Edo shogunate</a> (1603–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a> (1644–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_dynasty" title="Afsharid dynasty">Afsharid dynasty</a> (1736–1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> (1526–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore empire">Mysore empire</a> (1399–1950)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sub-Saharan_Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sub-Saharan Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutapa_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutapa Empire">Mutapa Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maravi Empire">Maravi Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luba_Empire" title="Luba Empire">Luba Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunda_Empire" title="Lunda Empire">Lunda Empire</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">Modern history</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_19th_century" title="Timeline of the 19th century">Timeline of the 19th century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_20th_century" title="Timeline of the 20th century">Timeline of the 20th century</a>, and <a href="/wiki/World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wars">World Wars</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">List of political entities in the 19th century</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_1900s" title="List of sovereign states in the 1900s">List of sovereign states in the 1900s</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_1950s" title="List of sovereign states in the 1950s">List of sovereign states in the 1950s</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_1990s" title="List of sovereign states in the 1990s">List of sovereign states in the 1990s</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe_3">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="French First Empire">French First Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> (1583–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (1721–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> (1801–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> (1867–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> (1861–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="French Second Empire">French Second Empire</a> (1852–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1871–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a> (1870–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a> (1922–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> (1933–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a> (since 1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (1922–1991)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia_2">Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (1644–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a> (1794–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a> (1841–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> (1858–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> (1868–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Democratic Kampuchea">Democratic Kampuchea</a> (1975–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (1912–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (from 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Republic of Vietnam">Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a> (from 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Russian conquest of Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Philippine Republic</a> (1898–1901)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Americas">Americas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a> (from 1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">Empire of Haiti</a> (1804–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">Mexican Empire</a> (1821–1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a> (1822–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a> (1823–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a> (1819–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> (1867)</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme_for_the_Americas" title="United Nations geoscheme for the Americas">United Nations geoscheme for the Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_America#Countries_and_territories" title="South America">South_America § Countries_and_territories</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_America#Countries_and_dependent_territories" title="Northern America">Northern_America § Countries_and_dependent_territories</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Africa">Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Africa#European_colonial_territories" title="History of Africa">History_of_Africa § European_colonial_territories</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_exploration_of_Africa" title="European exploration of Africa">European exploration of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">British Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Spanish Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="Spanish protectorate in Morocco">Spanish protectorate in Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decolonisation">Decolonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_and_technological_history">Cultural and technological history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cultural and technological history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">History of technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">History of science</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_of_the_12th_century" title="Renaissance of the 12th century">Renaissance of the 12th century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">Neo-Confucianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_movement" title="Bhakti movement">Bhakti movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism (movement)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakening</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Revolution" title="Scientific Revolution">Scientific Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, and <a href="/wiki/European_miracle" class="mw-redirect" title="European miracle">European miracle</a></div> <table border="1" class="wikitable"> <caption>Inventions, discoveries and introductions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:18%;text-align:center;">Communication and technology </th> <th style="width:18%;text-align:center;">Science and mathematics </th> <th style="width:18%;text-align:center;">Manufacturing </th> <th style="width:18%;text-align:center;">Transportation and <br />exploration </th> <th style="width:18%;text-align:center;">Warfare </th></tr> <tr style="valign="top"" align="left"> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">Printing press</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1450</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-keeley_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keeley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">Thermometer</a> (1596)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_generator" title="Electrostatic generator">Electrostatic generator</a> (1706)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">Electric battery</a> (1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">Telegraph</a> (1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a> (1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">Telephone</a> (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">Computer</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">Transistor</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">Satellite</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> (1969)<sup id="cite_ref-keeley_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keeley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Video games</a> (1972)</li></ol> </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">Accounting</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1494</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probability" title="Probability">Probability</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1549</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculus" title="Calculus">Calculus</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1680</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">Vaccination</a> (1796)<sup id="cite_ref-keeley_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keeley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic theory">Atomic theory</a> (1808)<sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesia" title="Anesthesia">Anesthesia</a> (1842)<sup id="cite_ref-keeley_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keeley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution" title="Introduction to evolution">Natural selection</a> (1858)<sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_genetics" title="History of genetics">Genetics</a> (1866)<sup id="cite_ref-keeley_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keeley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_relativity" title="Special relativity">Special relativity</a> (1905)<sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">Penicillin</a> (1920)<sup id="cite_ref-keeley_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keeley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA#History" title="DNA">DNA</a> (1928)<sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">Quantum mechanics</a> (1935)<sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">Electricity</a></li></ol> </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Canned_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Canned food">Canned food</a> (1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">Plastic</a> (1855)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">Frozen food</a> ( 1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">Assembly line</a> (1901)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sliced_bread" title="Sliced bread">Sliced bread</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_processor" title="Food processor">Food processor</a> (1960s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finite_geometry" title="Finite geometry">Finite geometry</a> (1989)</li></ol> </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">Barometer</a> (1643)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">Steam engine</a> (1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">Steam locomotive</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a> (1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Internal combustion engine</a> (1833)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">Steam turbine</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Automobile</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">Airplane</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">Satellite</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Moon landing</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">Space station</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS navigation</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_launch_vehicle" title="Reusable launch vehicle">Reusable launch vehicle</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">Self-driving car</a> (1977)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> </td> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">Firearms</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longbow" title="Longbow">Longbow</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1386</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">Rockets</a> (c. 1200s)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarine</a> (1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaplane_tender" title="Seaplane tender">Aircraft carrier</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">Tanks</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a> (1945)</li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calendar">Calendar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Calendar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Year_2000_problem" title="Year 2000 problem">Year 2000 problem</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> was used in Europe at the beginning of the millennium, and all countries that once used the Julian calendar had adopted the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> by the end of it. For this reason, the end date of the 2nd millennium is usually calculated based on the Gregorian calendar, while the beginning date is based on the Julian calendar (or occasionally the <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">proleptic Gregorian calendar</a>). </p><p>In the late 1990s, there was a dispute as to whether the millennium should be taken to end on December 31, 1999, or December 31, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a> at the time argued there is no objective way of deciding this question.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> reported that the third millennium began on 1 January 2001, but also reported that celebrations in the US were generally more subdued at the beginning of 2001, compared to the beginning of 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many public celebrations for the end of the second millennium were held on December 31, 1999 – January 1, 2000<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—with a few people marking the end of the millennium a year later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Centuries_and_decades">Centuries and decades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Centuries and decades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="3" border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th century</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1000s_(decade)" title="1000s (decade)">1000s</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1010s" title="1010s">1010s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1020s" title="1020s">1020s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1030s" title="1030s">1030s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1040s" title="1040s">1040s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1050s" title="1050s">1050s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1060s" title="1060s">1060s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1070s" title="1070s">1070s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1080s" title="1080s">1080s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1090s" title="1090s">1090s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1100s_(decade)" title="1100s (decade)">1100s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1110s" title="1110s">1110s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1120s" title="1120s">1120s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1130s" title="1130s">1130s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1140s" title="1140s">1140s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1150s" title="1150s">1150s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1160s" title="1160s">1160s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1170s" title="1170s">1170s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1180s" title="1180s">1180s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1190s" title="1190s">1190s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1200s_(decade)" title="1200s (decade)">1200s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1210s" title="1210s">1210s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1220s" title="1220s">1220s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1230s" title="1230s">1230s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1240s" title="1240s">1240s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1250s" title="1250s">1250s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1260s" title="1260s">1260s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1270s" title="1270s">1270s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1280s" title="1280s">1280s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1290s" title="1290s">1290s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th century</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1300s_(decade)" title="1300s (decade)">1300s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1310s" title="1310s">1310s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1320s" title="1320s">1320s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1330s" title="1330s">1330s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1340s" title="1340s">1340s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1350s" title="1350s">1350s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1360s" title="1360s">1360s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1370s" title="1370s">1370s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1380s" title="1380s">1380s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1390s" title="1390s">1390s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th century</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1400s_(decade)" title="1400s (decade)">1400s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1410s" title="1410s">1410s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1420s" title="1420s">1420s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1430s" title="1430s">1430s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1440s" title="1440s">1440s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1450s" title="1450s">1450s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1460s" title="1460s">1460s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1470s" title="1470s">1470s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1480s" title="1480s">1480s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1490s" title="1490s">1490s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1500s_(decade)" title="1500s (decade)">1500s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1510s" title="1510s">1510s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1520s" title="1520s">1520s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1530s" title="1530s">1530s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1540s" title="1540s">1540s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1550s" title="1550s">1550s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1560s" title="1560s">1560s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1570s" title="1570s">1570s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1580s" title="1580s">1580s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1590s" title="1590s">1590s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1600s_(decade)" title="1600s (decade)">1600s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1610s" title="1610s">1610s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1620s" title="1620s">1620s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1630s" title="1630s">1630s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1640s" title="1640s">1640s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1650s" title="1650s">1650s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1660s" title="1660s">1660s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1670s" title="1670s">1670s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1680s" title="1680s">1680s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1690s" title="1690s">1690s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1700s_(decade)" title="1700s (decade)">1700s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1710s" title="1710s">1710s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1720s" title="1720s">1720s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1730s" title="1730s">1730s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1740s" title="1740s">1740s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1750s" title="1750s">1750s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1760s" title="1760s">1760s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1770s" title="1770s">1770s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1780s" title="1780s">1780s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1790s" title="1790s">1790s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1800s_(decade)" title="1800s (decade)">1800s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1810s" title="1810s">1810s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1820s" title="1820s">1820s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1880s" title="1880s">1880s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1890s" title="1890s">1890s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/1900s_(decade)" class="mw-redirect" title="1900s (decade)">1900s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1910s" title="1910s">1910s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1950s" title="1950s">1950s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1970s" title="1970s">1970s</a> </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assembly+Line+History%3A+Invention+of+the+Assembly+Line&rft.pub=Ideafinder.com&rft.aulast=Ament&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ideafinder.com%2Fhistory%2Finventions%2Fassbline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+millennium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrinivasRohan_GudlaVijay_Shankar_TelidevulapalliJayasree_Sarada_Kota2022" class="citation journal cs1">Srinivas, Rao P; Rohan Gudla; Vijay Shankar Telidevulapalli; Jayasree Sarada Kota; Gayathri Mandha (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Tsukuba-Mechanical-Engineering-Lab-Japan-1977-computerized-driverless-car-achieved-spe_fig2_365874855">"Review on self-driving cars using neural network architectures"</a>. <i>World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 736–746. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.30574%2Fwjarr.2022.16.2.1240">10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.1240</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Advanced+Research+and+Reviews&rft.atitle=Review+on+self-driving+cars+using+neural+network+architectures&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=736-746&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.30574%2Fwjarr.2022.16.2.1240&rft.aulast=Srinivas&rft.aufirst=Rao+P&rft.au=Rohan+Gudla&rft.au=Vijay+Shankar+Telidevulapalli&rft.au=Jayasree+Sarada+Kota&rft.au=Gayathri+Mandha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FTsukuba-Mechanical-Engineering-Lab-Japan-1977-computerized-driverless-car-achieved-spe_fig2_365874855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+millennium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060805203537/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/rocket-history.txt">"A brief history of rocketry"</a>. <i>NASA Spacelink</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-19</span></span>. <q>Rockets appear in Arab literature in 1258 A.D., describing Mongol invaders' use of them on February 15 to capture the city of Baghdad</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Spacelink&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+rocketry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.ksc.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2Frocket-history.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+millennium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Jay Gould, <i>Questioning the Millennium: A Rationalist's Guide to a Precisely Arbitrary Countdown</i> (New York: Harmony Books, 1999), ch 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Associated Press, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-01-mn-7177-story.html">"Y2K It Wasn't, but It Was a Party"</a>, <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, January 1, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwp.millennium-dome.com/info/millennium-faq.htm">"Millennium FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>When does the Millennium start?</i>. Greenwich2000.ltd.uk. 2008-08-12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112125450/http://wwp.millennium-dome.com/info/millennium-faq.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=When+does+the+Millennium+start%3F&rft.atitle=Millennium+FAQs+%E2%80%93+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.date=2008-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwp.millennium-dome.com%2Finfo%2Fmillennium-faq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+millennium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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title="Common Era">CE</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium" title="3rd millennium">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future" title="Timeline of the far future">4th and later</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Before_Common_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Common Era">BCE</a> / <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium_BC" title="1st millennium BC">1st</a></li> <li><a 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