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id="toc-Modern_software_(post-1990s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware_interface_standardization_(post-1980s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_interface_standardization_(post-1980s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hardware interface standardization (post-1980s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware_interface_standardization_(post-1980s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_interface_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_interface_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>User interface design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_interface_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cloud-based_(post-2000s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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href="#Checkout_configuration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Checkout configuration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Checkout_configuration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospitality_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitality_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hospitality industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitality_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accounting_forensics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accounting_forensics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Accounting forensics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accounting_forensics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Point of sale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9" title="نقطة بيع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نقطة بيع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_punt_de_venda" title="Terminal punt de venda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Terminal punt de venda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokladn%C3%AD_m%C3%ADsto" title="Pokladní místo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pokladní místo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkaufsort" title="Verkaufsort – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verkaufsort" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BC%C3%BCgipunkt" title="Müügipunkt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Müügipunkt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_punto_de_venta" title="Terminal punto de venta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Terminal punto de venta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4" title="پایانه فروش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پایانه فروش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_de_vente" title="Point de vente – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Point de vente" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_punto_de_venda" title="Terminal punto de venda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terminal punto de venda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%90%EB%A7%A4_%EC%8B%9C%EC%A0%90_%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC" title="판매 시점 정보 관리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="판매 시점 정보 관리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Վաճառքի կետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վաճառքի կետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi_ire_Ahia" title="Isi ire Ahia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Isi ire Ahia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_puncto_de_vendita" title="Terminal puncto de vendita – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Terminal puncto de vendita" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posi" title="Posi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Posi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/POS_sistemos" title="POS sistemos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="POS sistemos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/POS-termin%C3%A1l" title="POS-terminál – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="POS-terminál" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_jualan" title="Titik jualan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Titik jualan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_sale" title="Point of sale – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Point of sale" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="प्वाइन्ट अफ सेल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्वाइन्ट अफ सेल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E6%99%82%E7%82%B9%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="販売時点情報管理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="販売時点情報管理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82" title="ਵਿਕਰੀ ਬਿੰਦੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਕਰੀ ਬਿੰਦੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/POS" title="POS – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="POS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/POS" title="POS – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="POS" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="விற்பனை முனை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விற்பனை முனை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%B8%E1%8C%A2_%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%A2" title="መሸጢ ነጥቢ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="መሸጢ ነጥቢ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C4%B1%C5%9F_noktas%C4%B1" title="Satış noktası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Satış noktası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%E1%BA%BFt_b%E1%BB%8B_b%C3%A1n_h%C3%A0ng" title="Thiết bị bán hàng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiết bị bán hàng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%B7%E5%94%AE%E6%99%82%E9%BB%9E" title="銷售時點 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="銷售時點" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%B7%E5%94%AE%E6%99%82%E9%BB%9E%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="銷售時點情報系統 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="銷售時點情報系統" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Point_of_sale" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Point_of_sale" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&oldid=1255204959" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Point_of_sale&id=1255204959&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPoint_of_sale"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPoint_of_sale"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Time and place where a retail transaction is completed</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about checkout technology. For <a href="/wiki/Managed_care" title="Managed care">managed care</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Point_of_service_plan" title="Point of service plan">point of service plan</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cash_Registers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cash_Registers.JPG/300px-Cash_Registers.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cash_Registers.JPG/450px-Cash_Registers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cash_Registers.JPG/600px-Cash_Registers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Points of sale at a <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a> retail store</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_management" title="Marketing management">Management</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eef; text-align: center;;color: var(--color-base)">Key concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_(business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Distribution (business)">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pricing" title="Pricing">Pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_activation" title="Marketing activation">Activation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_licensing" title="Brand licensing">Brand licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_management" title="Brand management">Brand management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-creation" title="Co-creation">Co-creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_communications" title="Marketing communications">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_culture" title="Consumer culture">Consumer culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominance_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominance (economics)">Dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_effectiveness" title="Marketing effectiveness">Effectiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_ethics" title="Marketing ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(marketing)" title="Promotion (marketing)">Promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_segmentation" title="Market segmentation">Segmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_strategy" title="Marketing strategy">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Account-based_marketing" title="Account-based marketing">Account-based marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_marketing" title="Digital marketing">Digital marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_marketing" title="Product marketing">Product marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_marketing" title="Social marketing">Social marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influencer_marketing" title="Influencer marketing">Influencer marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attribution_(marketing)" title="Attribution (marketing)">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annoyance_factor" title="Annoyance factor">Annoyance factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_integration" title="Horizontal integration">Horizontal integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">Vertical integration</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eef; text-align: center;;color: var(--color-base)">Promotional content</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_marketing" title="Ambush marketing">Ambush marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Branding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_anniversary" title="Corporate anniversary">Corporate anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_marketing" title="Direct marketing">Direct marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franchising" title="Franchising">Franchising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label" title="Label">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty_marketing" title="Loyalty marketing">Loyalty marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Mobile marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_on_hold" title="Music on hold">On-hold messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_selling" title="Personal selling">Personal selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premium_(marketing)" title="Premium (marketing)">Premiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_(marketing)" title="Prize (marketing)">Prizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_placement" title="Product placement">Product placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_propaganda" title="Corporate propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity" title="Publicity">Publicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sales_promotion" title="Sales promotion">Sales promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">Sex in advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwriting_spot" title="Underwriting spot">Underwriting spot</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eef; text-align: center;;color: var(--color-base)">Promotional media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_targeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral targeting">Behavioral targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_ambassador" title="Brand ambassador">Brand ambassador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Display advertising">Display advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drip_marketing" title="Drip marketing">Drip marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-game_advertising" title="In-game advertising">In-game advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">Mobile advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_advertising" title="Native advertising">Native advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">New media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_advertising" title="Online advertising">Online advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-home_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Out-of-home advertising">Out-of-home advertising</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Point of sale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_demonstration" title="Product demonstration">Product demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_merchandise" title="Promotional merchandise">Promotional merchandise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_representative" title="Promotional representative">Promotional representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_merchandising" title="Visual merchandising">Visual merchandising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_banner" title="Web banner">Web banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word-of-mouth_marketing" title="Word-of-mouth marketing">Word-of-mouth</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eef; text-align: center;;color: var(--color-base)">Research</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Market_research" title="Market research">Market research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_research" title="Marketing research">Marketing research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_shopping" title="Mystery shopping">Mystery shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer research">Consumer research</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marketing" title="Template:Marketing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marketing" title="Template talk:Marketing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marketing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marketing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>point of sale</b> (<b>POS</b>) or <b>point of purchase</b> (<b>POP</b>) is the time and place at which a retail transaction is completed. At the point of sale, the <a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">merchant</a> calculates the amount owed by the <a href="/wiki/Customer" title="Customer">customer</a>, indicates that amount, may prepare an <a href="/wiki/Invoice" title="Invoice">invoice</a> for the customer (which may be a cash register printout), and indicates the options for the customer to make payment. It is also the point at which a customer makes a payment to the merchant in exchange for goods or after provision of a service. After receiving payment, the merchant may issue a <a href="/wiki/Receipt" title="Receipt">receipt</a>, as proof of transaction, which is usually printed but can also be dispensed with or sent electronically.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To calculate the amount owed by a customer, the merchant may use various devices such as <a href="/wiki/Weighing_scale" title="Weighing scale">weighing scales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcode" title="Barcode">barcode</a> scanners, and <a href="/wiki/Cash_register" title="Cash register">cash registers</a> (or the more advanced "POS cash registers", which are sometimes also called "POS systems"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). To make a payment, <a href="/wiki/Payment_terminal" title="Payment terminal">payment terminals</a>, touch screens, and other hardware and software options are available. </p><p>The point of sale is often referred to as the point of service because it is not just a point of sale but also a point of return or customer order. POS terminal software may also include features for additional functionality, such as <a href="/wiki/Field_inventory_management" title="Field inventory management">inventory management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Customer_relationship_management" title="Customer relationship management">CRM</a>, financials, or <a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">warehousing</a>. </p><p>Businesses are increasingly adopting POS systems, and one of the most obvious and compelling reasons is that a POS system eliminates the need for <a href="/wiki/Price_tag" title="Price tag">price tags</a>. Selling prices are linked to the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Product_Code" title="Universal Product Code">product code</a> of an item when adding stock, so the cashier merely scans this code to process a sale. If there is a price change, this can also be easily done through the inventory window. Other advantages include the ability to implement various types of discounts, a loyalty scheme for customers, and more efficient stock control. These features are typical of almost all modern ePOS systems. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kulutusosuuskuntien_Keskusliiton_kokoelma_D1974_13642U_(30841435146).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kulutusosuuskuntien_Keskusliiton_kokoelma_D1974_13642U_%2830841435146%29.jpg/220px-Kulutusosuuskuntien_Keskusliiton_kokoelma_D1974_13642U_%2830841435146%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kulutusosuuskuntien_Keskusliiton_kokoelma_D1974_13642U_%2830841435146%29.jpg/330px-Kulutusosuuskuntien_Keskusliiton_kokoelma_D1974_13642U_%2830841435146%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kulutusosuuskuntien_Keskusliiton_kokoelma_D1974_13642U_%2830841435146%29.jpg/440px-Kulutusosuuskuntien_Keskusliiton_kokoelma_D1974_13642U_%2830841435146%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5583" data-file-height="5645" /></a><figcaption>The counter of a <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">café</a> at the new Centrum <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> in 1961</figcaption></figure> <p>Retailers and marketers will often refer to the area around the checkout instead as the <b>point of purchase</b> (<b>POP</b>) when they are discussing it from the customer's perspective. This is particularly the case when planning and designing the area as well as when considering a <a href="/wiki/Marketing_strategy" title="Marketing strategy">marketing strategy</a> and offers. </p><p>Some point of sale vendors refer to their POS system as "retail management system" which is a more appropriate term, since this software is not just for processing sales but comes with many other capabilities, such as inventory management, membership systems, supplier records, bookkeeping, issuing of purchase orders, quotations and stock transfers, hide barcode label creation, sale reporting and in some cases remote outlet networking or linkage, to name some major ones. </p><p>Nevertheless, it is the term <i>POS system</i> rather than <i>retail management system</i> that is in vogue among both end-users and vendors. </p><p>The basic, fundamental definition of a POS System is a system which allows the processing and recording of transactions between a company and its consumers, at the time in which goods and/or services are purchased. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software_before_the_1990s">Software before the 1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Software before the 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McDonalds_keyboard_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/McDonalds_keyboard_6.jpg/170px-McDonalds_keyboard_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/McDonalds_keyboard_6.jpg/255px-McDonalds_keyboard_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/McDonalds_keyboard_6.jpg/340px-McDonalds_keyboard_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> POS device by Brobeck</figcaption></figure> <p>Early electronic <a href="/wiki/Cash_register" title="Cash register">cash registers</a> (ECR) were controlled with proprietary software and were limited in function and communication capability. In August 1973, IBM released the IBM 3650 and 3660 store systems that were, in essence, a mainframe computer used as a store controller that could control up to 128 IBM 3653/3663 point of sale registers. This system was the first commercial use of client-server technology, <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> communications, <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network</a> (LAN) simultaneous backup, and remote initialization. By mid-1974, it was installed in <a href="/wiki/Pathmark" title="Pathmark">Pathmark</a> stores in New Jersey and <a href="/wiki/Dillard%27s" title="Dillard's">Dillard's</a> department stores. </p><p>One of the first microprocessor-controlled cash register systems was built by William Brobeck and Associates in 1974, for <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's Restaurants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It used the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8008" title="Intel 8008">Intel 8008</a>, an early microprocessor (forerunner to the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">Intel 8088</a> processor used in the original <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a>). Each station in the restaurant had its own device which displayed the entire order for a customer — for example, [2] Vanilla Shake, [1] Large Fries, [3] <a href="/wiki/Big_Mac" title="Big Mac">BigMac</a> — using numeric keys and a button for every menu item. By pressing the [Grill] button, a second or third order could be worked on while the first transaction was in progress. When the customer was ready to pay, the [Total] button would calculate the bill, including sales tax for almost any jurisdiction in the United States. This made it accurate for McDonald's and very convenient for the servers and provided the restaurant owner with a check on the amount that should be in the cash drawers. Up to eight devices were connected to one of two interconnected computers so that printed reports, prices, and taxes could be handled from any desired device by putting it into <i>Manager Mode</i>. In addition to the error-correcting memory, accuracy was enhanced by having three copies of all important data with many numbers stored only as multiples of 3. Should one computer fail, the other could handle the entire store. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comdex_1986.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Comdex_1986.png/220px-Comdex_1986.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Comdex_1986.png/330px-Comdex_1986.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Comdex_1986.png/440px-Comdex_1986.png 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>In 1986, Gene Mosher introduced the first graphical point of sale software</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1986, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Mosher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene Mosher (page does not exist)">Gene Mosher</a> introduced the first graphical point of sale software<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> featuring a <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> interface under the ViewTouch<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> trademark on the 16-bit <a href="/wiki/Atari_520ST" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari 520ST">Atari 520ST</a> color computer.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It featured a color <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> widget-driven interface that allowed configuration of widgets representing menu items without low level programming.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ViewTouch point of sale software was first demonstrated in public at Fall Comdex, 1986,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Las Vegas Nevada to large crowds visiting the Atari Computer booth. This was the first commercially available POS system with a widget-driven color graphic touch screen interface and was installed in several restaurants in the US and Canada. </p><p>In 1986, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> introduced its <a href="/wiki/IBM_4680" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 4680">468x</a> series of POS equipment based on <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_286" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 286">Concurrent DOS 286</a> and <a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a> 1.xx, a modular real-time multi-tasking multi-user operating system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_software_(post-1990s)"><span id="Modern_software_.28post-1990s.29"></span>Modern software (post-1990s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern software (post-1990s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A wide range of POS applications have been developed on platforms such as Windows and Unix. The availability of local processing power, local data storage, networking, and graphical user interface made it possible to develop flexible and highly functional POS systems. Cost of such systems has also declined, as all the components can now be purchased off-the-shelf. </p><p>In 1993, IBM adopted <a href="/wiki/FlexOS_2.32" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexOS 2.32">FlexOS 2.32</a> as the basis of their <a href="/wiki/IBM_4690_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 4690 OS">IBM 4690 OS</a> in their 469x series of POS terminals. This was developed up to 2014 when it was sold to <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>, who continued to support it up to at least 2017. </p><p>With increased options for commodity hardware and a more competitive market, the 1990s saw increased attention paid to the user interaction between store employees and POS systems. <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">Touchscreens</a> and larger displays became widely available in the 1990s, offering an alternative to limited displays like two-line VFDs used in the <a href="/wiki/IBM_4683" title="IBM 4683">IBM 4683</a>. The performance of the employees using the POS devices, a controllable cost for the business, depends upon the ease of learning, ease of use, and level of employee experience with it. Although experienced employees work more quickly with <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_technology" title="Keyboard technology">mechanically keyed entry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some systems favoured adopting <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a> technology for ease of learning or for ergonomic factors.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The key requirements that must be met by modern POS systems include high and consistent operating speed, reliability, ease of use, remote supportability, low cost, and rich functionality. Retailers can reasonably expect to acquire such systems (including hardware) for about $4000 US (as of 2009) per checkout lane. </p><p>Reliability depends not wholly on the developer but at times on the compatibility between a database and an OS version. For example, the widely used <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access">Microsoft Access</a> database system had a compatibility issue when Windows XP machines were updated to a newer version of Windows. Microsoft offered no immediate solution. Some businesses were severely disrupted in the process, and many downgraded back to Windows XP for a quick resolution. Other companies utilized community support, for a registry tweak solution has been found for this.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag relies on an unreliable source. Forum posts are not reliable sources, WP:UGC. (December 2018)">unreliable source</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>POS systems are one of the most complex software systems available because of the features that are required by different end users. Many POS systems are software suites that include sale, inventory, stock counting, vendor ordering, customer loyalty and reporting modules. Sometimes purchase ordering, stock transferring, quotation issuing, barcode creating, bookkeeping or even accounting capabilities are included. Each of these modules is interlinked if they are to serve their practical purpose and maximize their usability. </p><p>For instance, the sale window is immediately updated on a new member entry through the membership window because of this interlinking. Similarly, when a sale transaction is made, any purchase by a member is on record for the membership window to report providing information like payment type, goods purchased, date of purchase and points accumulated. Comprehensive analysis performed by a POS machine may need to process several qualities about a single product, like selling price, balance, average cost, quantity sold, description and department. Highly complex programming is involved (and possibly considerable computer resources) to generate such extensive analyses. </p><p>POS systems are designed not only to serve the retail, wholesale and hospitality industries as historically is the case. Currently POS systems are also used in goods and property leasing businesses, equipment repair shops, healthcare management, ticketing offices such as cinemas and sports facilities and many other operations where capabilities such as the following are required: processing monetary transactions, allocation and scheduling of facilities, keeping record and scheduling services rendered to customers, tracking of goods and processes (repair or manufacture), invoicing and tracking of debts and outstanding payments. </p><p>Different customers have different expectations within each trade. The reporting functionality alone is subject to so many demands, especially from those in the retail/wholesale industry. To cite special requirements, some business's goods may include perishables and hence the inventory system must be capable of prompting the admin and cashier on expiring or expired products. Some retail businesses require the system to <a href="/wiki/Store_credit_(currency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Store credit (currency)">store credit</a> for their customers, credit which can be used subsequently to pay for goods. A few companies expect the POS system to behave like a full-fledged <a href="/wiki/Field_inventory_management" title="Field inventory management">inventory management</a> system, including the ability to provide FIFO (First In First Out) and LIFO (Last In First Out), reports of their goods for <a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">accounting</a> and tax purposes. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">hospitality industry</a>, POS system capabilities can also diverge significantly. For instance, a restaurant is typically concerned about how the sale window functions: whether it has functionality such as creating item buttons, various discounts, adding a service charge, holding of receipts, queuing, table service as well as takeaways, merging and splitting of a receipt. These capabilities may be insufficient for a spa or slimming center which would require, in addition, a scheduling window with historical records of customers' attendance and their special requirements. </p><p>A POS system can be made to serve different purposes to different end users depending on their business processes. Often an off-the-shelf POS system is inadequate for customers. Some customization is required, and this is why a POS system can become very complex. The complexity of a mature POS system extends to remote networking or interlinking between remote outlets and the HQ such that updating both ways is possible. Some POS systems offer the linking of web-based orders to their sale window. Even when local networking is only required (as in the case of a high-traffic supermarket), there is the ever-present challenge for the developer to keep most if not all of their POS stations running. This puts high demand not just on software coding but also designing the whole system covering how individual stations and the network work together, and special consideration for the performance capability and usage of databases. Due to such complexity, bugs and errors encountered in POS systems are frequent.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With regard to databases, POS systems are very demanding on their performance because of numerous submissions and retrievals of data - required for correct sequencing the receipt number, checking various discounts, membership, calculating subtotal, so forth - just to process a single sale transaction. The immediacy required of the system on the sale window such as may be observed at a checkout counter in a supermarket cannot be compromised. This places much stress on individual enterprise databases if there are just several tens of thousands of sale records in the database. Enterprise database Microsoft SQL Server, for example, has been known to freeze up (including the OS) entirely for many minutes under such conditions showing a "Timeout Expired" error message. Even a lighter database like Microsoft Access will slow to a crawl over time if the problem of database bloating is not foreseen and managed by the system automatically. Therefore, the need to do extensive testing, <a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">debugging</a> and improvisation of solutions to preempt failure of a database before commercial implementation complicates the development. </p><p>POS system accuracy is demanding, given that monetary transactions are involved continuously not only via the sale window but also at the back end through the receiving and inputting of goods into the inventory. Calculations required are not always straightforward. There may be many discounts and deals that are unique to specific products, and the POS machine must quickly process the differences and the effect on pricing. There is much complexity in the programming of such operations, especially when no error in calculation can be allowed. </p><p>Other requirements include that the system must have functionality for membership discount and points accumulation/usage, quantity and promotional discounts, mix and match offers, cash rounding up, invoice/delivery-order issuance with outstanding amount. It should enable a user to adjust the inventory of each product based on physical count, track expiry of perishable goods, change pricing, provide audit trail when modification of inventory records is performed, be capable of multiple outlet functionality, control of stocks from HQ, doubling as an invoicing system, just to name some. </p><p>It is clear that POS system is a term that implies a wide range of capabilities depending on the end-user requirements. POS system review websites cannot be expected to cover most let alone all the features. Unless one is a developer, it is unrealistic to expect the reviewer to know all the aspects of a POS system. For instance, a POS system might work smoothly on a test database during the review but not when the database grows significantly in size over months of usage. And this is only one among many hidden critical functionality issues of a POS system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardware_interface_standardization_(post-1980s)"><span id="Hardware_interface_standardization_.28post-1980s.29"></span>Hardware interface standardization (post-1980s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hardware interface standardization (post-1980s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vendors and retailers are working to standardize development of computerized POS systems and simplify interconnecting POS devices. Two such initiatives were <a href="/wiki/OPOS" title="OPOS">OPOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/JavaPOS" title="JavaPOS">JavaPOS</a>, both of which conform to the <a href="/wiki/UnifiedPOS" title="UnifiedPOS">UnifiedPOS</a> standard led by <a href="/wiki/National_Retail_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Retail Foundation">The National Retail Foundation</a>. </p><p><b>OPOS</b> (<a href="/wiki/Object_linking_and_embedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Object linking and embedding">OLE</a> for POS) was the first commonly adopted standard and was created by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu-ICL</a>. OPOS is a <a href="/wiki/Component_object_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Component object model">COM</a>-based interface compatible with all COM-enabled <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a> for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>. OPOS was first released in 1996. <b>JavaPOS</b> was developed by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR Corporation</a> in 1997 and first released in 1999. JavaPOS is for <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> what OPOS is for Windows, and thus largely platform independent. </p><p>There are several communication ways POS systems use to control peripherals such as: </p> <ul><li>Logic Controls \ BemaTech</li> <li>Epson Esc/POS</li> <li>UTC Standard</li> <li>UTC Enhanced</li> <li>AEDEX</li> <li>ICD 2002</li> <li>Ultimate</li> <li>CD 5220</li> <li>DSP-800</li> <li>ADM 787/788</li> <li>HP</li></ul> <p>There are also nearly as many proprietary protocols as there are companies making POS peripherals. Most POS peripherals, such as displays and printers, support several of these command protocols to work with many different brands of POS terminals and computers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="User_interface_design">User interface design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: User interface design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The design of the sale window is the most important one for the user. This <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> is highly critical when compared to those in other software packages such as word editors or spreadsheet programs where the speed of navigation is not so crucial for business performance. </p><p>For businesses at prime locations where real estate is at a premium, it can be common to see a queue of customers. The faster a sale is completed the shorter the queue time which improves customer satisfaction, the less space it takes, which benefits shoppers and staff. High-traffic operations such as grocery outlets and cafes need to process sales quickly at the sales counter so the UI flow is often designed with as few popups or other interruptions to ensure the operator isn't distracted and the transaction can be processed as quickly as possible. </p><p>Although improving the <a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">ergonomics</a> is possible, a clean, fast-paced look may come at the expense of sacrificing functions that are often wanted by end-users such as discounts, access to commission earned screens, membership and loyalty schemes can involve looking at a different function of the POS to ensure the point of sale screen contains only what a cashier needs at their disposal to serve customers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cloud-based_(post-2000s)"><span id="Cloud-based_.28post-2000s.29"></span>Cloud-based (post-2000s)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cloud-based (post-2000s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The advent of <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> has given birth to the possibility of electronic point of sale (EPOS) systems<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be deployed as <a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">software as a service</a>, which can be accessed directly from the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> using any <a href="/wiki/Internet_browser" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet browser">internet browser</a>. Using the previous advances in the communication protocols for POS's control of hardware, cloud-based POS systems are independent from platform and operating system limitations. EPOS systems based in the cloud (most small-business POS today) are generally subscription-based, which includes ongoing customer support.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compared to regular <a href="/wiki/Cash_register" title="Cash register">cash registers</a> (which tend to be significantly cheaper but only process sales and prints receipts), POS systems include automatic updating of the inventory library stock levels when selling products, real-time reports accessible from a remote computer, staff timesheets and a customer library with loyalty features.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Cloud-based POS systems are also created to be compatible with a wide range of POS hardware and sometimes tablets such as Apple's <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>. Thus cloud-based POS also helped expand POS systems to <a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile devices</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These devices can also act as <a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader#Smartphones" title="Barcode reader">barcode readers</a> using a built-in camera and as <a href="/wiki/Payment_terminal" title="Payment terminal">payment terminals</a> using built-in <a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC</a> technology or an external payment card reader. A number of POS companies built their software specifically to be cloud-based. Other businesses who launched pre-2000s have since adapted their software to evolving technology. </p><p>Cloud-based POS systems are different from traditional POS largely because user data, including sales and inventory, are not stored locally, but in a remote server. The POS system is also not run locally, so there is no installation required. </p><p>Depending on the POS vendor and the terms of contract, compared to traditional on-premises POS installation, the software is more likely to be continually updated by the developer with more useful features and better performance in terms of computer resources at the remote server and in terms of fewer bugs and errors. </p><p>Other advantages of a cloud-based POS are instant centralization of data (important especially to chain stores), ability to access data from anywhere there is internet connection, and lower start-up costs.<sup id="cite_ref-bonfire_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonfire-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cloud based POS requires an internet connection. For this reason it important to use a device with <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> connectivity in case the device's primary internet goes down. In addition to being significantly less expensive than traditional legacy point of sale systems, a notable strength of cloud-based point of sale systems is the ability to switch to a different product, by a different developer, without having to purchase new hardware. The many developers creating new software applications help to ensure that the system is supported for longer than a typical legacy POS system. </p><p>A number of noted emerging cloud-based POS systems came on the scene less than a decade or even half a decade back. These systems are usually designed for restaurants, small and medium-sized retail operations with fairly simple sale processes as can be culled from POS system review sites. It appears from such software reviews that enterprise-level cloud-based POS systems are currently lacking in the market. "Enterprise-level" here means that the inventory should be capable of handling a large number of records, such as required by grocery stores and supermarkets. It can also mean that the system software and cloud server must be capable of generating reports such as analytics of sale against inventory for both a single and multiple outlets that are interlinked for administration by the headquarters of the business operation. </p><p>POS vendors of such cloud based systems should also have a strong contingency plan for the breakdown of their remote server such as represented by fail-over server support. Sometimes a major data center can fail completely, such as in a fire.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On-premises installations are therefore sometimes seen alongside cloud-based implementation to preempt such incidents, especially for businesses with high traffic. The on-premises installations may not have the most up-to-date inventory and membership information. </p><p>For such contingency, a more innovative though highly complex approach for the developer is to have a trimmed down version of the POS system installed on the cashier computer at the outlet. On a daily basis the latest inventory and membership information from the remote server is automatically updated into the local database. Thus should the remote server fail, the cashier can switch over to the local sale window without disrupting sales. When the remote server is restored and the cashier switches over to the cloud system, the locally processed sale records are then automatically submitted to the remote system, thus maintaining the integrity of the remote database. </p><p>Although cloud-based POS systems save the end-user startup cost and technical challenges in maintaining an otherwise on-premises installation, there is a risk that if the cloud-based vendor closes down it may result in more immediate termination of services for the end-user compared to the case of a traditional full on-premises POS system where it can still run without the vendor. </p><p>Another consideration is that a cloud-based POS system actually exposes business data to service providers - the hosting service company and the POS vendor which have access to both the application and database. The importance of securing critical business information such as supplier names, top selling items, customer relationship processes cannot be underestimated given that sometimes the few key success factors or trade secrets of a business are actually accessible through the POS system. This security and privacy concern is an ongoing issue in <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retail_industry">Retail industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Retail industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cashier_stand_in_a_Nigerian_Grocery_store.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cashier_stand_in_a_Nigerian_Grocery_store.jpg/220px-Cashier_stand_in_a_Nigerian_Grocery_store.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cashier_stand_in_a_Nigerian_Grocery_store.jpg/330px-Cashier_stand_in_a_Nigerian_Grocery_store.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cashier_stand_in_a_Nigerian_Grocery_store.jpg/440px-Cashier_stand_in_a_Nigerian_Grocery_store.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3774" data-file-height="2438" /></a><figcaption>Points of sale at a grocery store in <a href="/wiki/Ilorin" title="Ilorin">Ilorin</a>, Nigeria</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cashes_in_S-market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cashes_in_S-market.jpg/220px-Cashes_in_S-market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cashes_in_S-market.jpg/330px-Cashes_in_S-market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cashes_in_S-market.jpg/440px-Cashes_in_S-market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Points of sales at <a href="/wiki/S-market" class="mw-redirect" title="S-market">S-market</a> grocery store in <a href="/wiki/Klaukkala" title="Klaukkala">Klaukkala</a>, Finland</figcaption></figure> <p>The retail industry is one of the predominant users of POS terminals. The POS interface at a retail establishment varies greatly depending on the industry and owner of the retailer, but usually includes a <a href="/wiki/Cash_register" title="Cash register">cash register</a> (typically a specialized x86-based computer running <a href="/wiki/Windows_IoT" title="Windows IoT">Windows Embedded</a> or <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>), a method for employee input, cash drawer, <a href="/wiki/Receipt_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Receipt printer">receipt printer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">barcode scanners</a> (which may incorporate a scale), and an interface for processing Card payments and Processing Customer Information (a <a href="/wiki/Payment_terminal" title="Payment terminal">Payment Terminal</a>). It can also include a <a href="/wiki/Conveyor_belt" title="Conveyor belt">conveyor belt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Checkout_divider" title="Checkout divider">checkout divider</a>, wireless handheld scanners, integrated card processing systems, and customer-facing displays to display totals and show advertisements. While some systems use typical <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PC</a> interfaces (such as a keyboard & mouse), it is far more common to utilize <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreens</a> as they allow for faster response and better customization for the retailer. In the past, most <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> systems used a primarily keyboard-based interface, and <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR</a> previously used side-keys on their displays before touchscreens were widely available, similar to their ATM products. </p><p>The POS system software can typically handle a myriad of customer based functions such as sales, returns, exchanges, layaways, <a href="/wiki/Gift_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Gift cards">gift cards</a>, gift registries, customer loyalty programs, promotions, discounts and much more. POS software can also allow for functions such as pre-planned promotional sales, manufacturer coupon validation, foreign currency handling and multiple payment types. </p><p>The POS unit handles the sales to the consumer, but it is only one part of the entire POS system used in a retail business. The controlling servers, or "Back-office" computers, typically handle other functions of the POS system such as inventory control, pricing, purchasing, receiving and transferring of products to and from other locations. Other typical functions of a POS system are: store sales information for enabling customer returns, reporting purposes, sales trends and cost/price/profit analysis. Customer information may be stored for receivables management, marketing purposes and specific buying analysis. Many retail POS systems include an accounting interface that "feeds" sales and product losses, cash drawer expected totals, and cashier productivity information to independent accounting applications. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ToshibaPOS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/ToshibaPOS.jpg/220px-ToshibaPOS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/ToshibaPOS.jpg/330px-ToshibaPOS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/ToshibaPOS.jpg/440px-ToshibaPOS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Point of Sale interface at a supermarket in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>A multi-terminal POS system used by big retailers like supermarkets and department stores has a far more demanding database and software architecture than that of a single station seen in small retail outlets. A supermarket with high traffic cannot afford a systemic failure, hence each point of sale station is designed to be robust in its operation. Most proprietary POS systems designed for large retailers use 2 servers, with one acting as a backup in case of failure. In the event that both servers fail, the individual POS systems will enter a failsafe mode, where sales data is stored locally and exported back to the servers upon a return of the connection. This may prove challenging to implement in some instances however, as many commercial POS systems do not have any <a href="/wiki/Secondary_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary storage">hard disks</a> for security purposes, and often have limited amounts of <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a>. </p><p>Performing updates between multiple stations and the back end administrative computer should be redundant, so that updates to inventory and promotions will be accurately reflected at checkout without having to restart the computer, and reflecting accurate sales records to the back-end computer at the end of the business day. </p><p>This gets even more complicated when there is a membership system requiring real-time two-way updating of membership points between sale stations and the back end administrative computer. </p><p>Retail operations such as hardware stores, lumber yards, electronics stores and so-called multifaceted superstores need specialized additional features compared to other stores. POS software in these cases handles special orders, purchase orders, repair orders, service and rental programs as well as typical point of sale functions. Rugged hardware is required for point of sale systems used in outdoor environments. Wireless devices, battery powered devices, all-in-one units, and Internet-ready machines are typical in this industry. </p><p>Recently new applications have been introduced, enabling POS transactions to be conducted using mobile phones and tablets. According to a recent study, mobile POS (mPOS) terminals are expected to replace the contemporary payment techniques because of various features including mobility, upfront low cost investment and better user experience.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-2000s, the blind community in the United States engaged in structured negotiations to ensure that retail point of sale devices had tactile keypads. Without keys that can be felt, a blind person cannot independently enter his or her PIN. In the mid-2000s retailers began using "flat screen" or "signature capture" devices that eliminated tactile keypads. Blind people were forced to share their confidential PIN with store clerks to use their debit and other PIN-based cards. The blind community reached agreement with Walmart, Target, CVS and eight other retailers that required real physical keys so blind people could use the devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Checkout_configuration">Checkout configuration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Checkout configuration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early stores typically kept merchandise behind a counter. Staff would fetch items for customers to prevent the opportunity for theft and sales would be made at the same counter. Self-service grocery stores such as <a href="/wiki/Piggly_Wiggly" title="Piggly Wiggly">Piggly Wiggly</a>, beginning in 1916, allowed customers to fetch their own items and pass the point of sale enroute to the exit. </p><p>Modern stores have a variety of checkout configurations, but almost all stores will have their main checkout area situated close to the entrance/exits. Smaller stores may utilize simple counters, while big-box stores will typically use a conveyor belt system spaced out in separate "lanes" to process orders. Express lanes might limit the type of payment, or number or type of goods, to expedite service. Some department stores may also have checkouts inside of the departments to allow shoppers of that section to pay without going through the main lines. If each checkout station has a separate queue, customers have to guess which line will move the fastest, to minimize their wait times. They are often frustrated to be wrong or be stuck behind another customer who encounters a problem or who takes excessive time to check out. Some stores use a single, much longer but faster-moving line, that is served by multiple registers, which produces the same average wait time, but reduces the frustration and variance in wait time from person to person.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of the configuration, checkout lines usually pass by <a href="/wiki/Impulse_buy" class="mw-redirect" title="Impulse buy">impulse buy</a> items to grab the attention of otherwise idle customers. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Self-checkout" title="Self-checkout">self-checkout</a> technology has progressed, more retailers of all types have included self-checkout as an option, and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Go" title="Amazon Go">in some cases</a>, completely replace traditional cashier-operated checkout lines. Self-checkout kiosks are typically kept together in a 'corral' area adjacent to the regular registers so that shop employees can more easily monitor transactions, though they are also occasionally set up in a more typical "lane" fashion with conveyor belts for loading groceries. More modern implementations of self-checkout include scanning items and paying within a retailer's mobile app, or using <a href="/wiki/RF_module" title="RF module">RF technology</a> and cameras to detect items at the door and charge the customer's account automatically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hospitality_industry">Hospitality industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hospitality industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">Hospitality industry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:System_recepcyjny_HORECA13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/System_recepcyjny_HORECA13.jpg/220px-System_recepcyjny_HORECA13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/System_recepcyjny_HORECA13.jpg/330px-System_recepcyjny_HORECA13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/System_recepcyjny_HORECA13.jpg/440px-System_recepcyjny_HORECA13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Reception desk POS</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terminale_POS_HORECA13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Terminale_POS_HORECA13.jpg/220px-Terminale_POS_HORECA13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Terminale_POS_HORECA13.jpg/330px-Terminale_POS_HORECA13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Terminale_POS_HORECA13.jpg/440px-Terminale_POS_HORECA13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Restaurant POS</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tablet_POS_HORECA13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tablet_POS_HORECA13.jpg/220px-Tablet_POS_HORECA13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tablet_POS_HORECA13.jpg/330px-Tablet_POS_HORECA13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tablet_POS_HORECA13.jpg/440px-Tablet_POS_HORECA13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Tablet-based POS</figcaption></figure> <p>Hospitality point of sale systems are computerized systems incorporating registers, computers and peripheral equipment, usually on a computer network to be used in restaurants, hair salons or hotels. Like other point of sale systems, these systems track sales, labor, payroll and can generate records used in <a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">accounting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">bookkeeping</a>. They may be accessed remotely by restaurant corporate offices, troubleshooters and other authorized parties. </p><p>Point of sale systems have revolutionized the restaurant industry, particularly in the fast food sector. In the most recent technologies, registers are computers, sometimes with touch screens. The registers connect to a server, often referred to as a "store controller" or a "central control unit". Printers and monitors are also found on the network. Additionally, remote servers can connect to store networks and monitor sales and other store data. </p><p>Typical restaurant POS software is able to create and print guest checks, print orders to kitchens and bars for preparation, process <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit cards</a> and other payment cards, and run reports. In addition, some systems implement wireless pagers and electronic signature-capture devices. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast food restaurant">fast food</a> industry, displays may be at the front counter, or configured for drive-through or walk-through cashiering and order taking. Front counter registers allow taking and serving orders at the same terminal, while drive-through registers allow orders to be taken at one or more drive-through windows, to be cashiered and served at another. In addition to registers, drive-through and kitchen displays are used to view orders. Once orders appear they may be deleted or recalled by the touch interface or by bump bars. Drive-through systems are often enhanced by the use of drive-through wireless (or headset) intercoms. The efficiency of such systems allows decreased service times and increased efficiency of orders. </p><p>Another innovation in technology for the restaurant industry is wireless POS. Many restaurants with high volume use wireless handheld POS to collect orders which are sent to a server. The server sends required information to the kitchen in real time. Wireless systems consist of drive-through microphones and speakers (often one speaker will serve both purposes), which are wired to a "base station" or "center module." This, in turn, will broadcast to headsets. Headsets may be an all-in-one headset, or one connected to a belt pack. </p><p>With the development of the mobile technology, Cloud-based POS systems are also put forward to increase the efficiency of some restaurants, integrated with some latest software services such as scan QR code to order by customers themselves. It leads to a new style of offline restaurants dine-in. </p><p>In hotels, POS software allows for transfer of meal charges from dining room to guest room with a button or two. It may also need to be integrated with property management software. </p><p>Newer, more sophisticated systems are departing from the central database "file server" type system and going to what is called a "cluster database". This eliminates any crashing or system downtime that can be associated with the back office file server. This technology allows 100% of the information to not only be stored, but also pulled from the local terminal, thus eliminating the need to rely on a separate server for the system to operate. </p><p>Tablet POS systems popular for retail solutions are now available for the restaurant industry. Initially these systems were not sophisticated and many of the early systems did not support a remote printer in the kitchen. Tablet systems today are being used in all types of restaurants including table service operations. Most tablet systems upload all information to the Internet so managers and owners can view reports from anywhere with a password and Internet connection. Smartphone Internet access has made alerts and reports from the POS very accessible. Tablets have helped create the Mobile POS system, and Mobile POS applications also include payments, loyalty, online ordering, table side ordering by staff and table top ordering by customers. Regarding the payments, mobile POS can accept all kinds of payment methods from contactless cards, <a href="/wiki/EMV" title="EMV">EMV</a> chip-enabled cards, and mobile NFC enabled cards. Mobile POS (AKA mPOS) is growing quickly with new developers entering the market almost on a daily basis. </p><p>With the proliferation of low-priced touchscreen tablet computers, more restaurants have implemented self-ordering through a tablet POS placed permanently on every table. Customers can browse through the menu on the tablet and place their orders which are then sent to the kitchen. Most restaurants that have iPad self-order menus include photos of the dishes so guests can easily choose what they want to order. This apparently improves service and saves manpower on the part of the restaurant. However this depends on how intelligently the system has been programmed to be. </p><p>As a case in point, some self-ordering systems not requiring staff assistance may not properly recognize a subsequent order from the same customer at a table. As a result, the customer is left waiting and wondering why his second order of food and drink is not being served. </p><p>Another example of how intelligent the system can be, is whether an order that has been placed but not yet been processed by the kitchen can be modified by the customer through the tablet POS. For such an unprocessed order the customer should be given the option to easily retrieve the order and modify it on the tablet POS. When the order is being processed this function should be automatically disabled. </p><p>Self-ordering systems are not always free completely from intervention by the staff and for some good reasons. For example, some restaurants require that items selected by the customers be attended to and can only be placed by the waiter who has the password required to do so. This prevents fake orders - such as may be entered by playful kids - and subsequent dispute on the items ordered. If alcoholic beverages are ordered, it is necessary for the waiter to verify the customer's age before sending the order. </p><p>The technical specifications for implementing such self-ordering system are more demanding than a single cashier-controlled POS station. On the software and hardware side each tablet on a customer table has to be networked to the cashier POS station and the kitchen computer so that both are continually updated on orders placed. The common database that serves this network must also be capable of serving many concurrent users - cashier, customers, kitchen and perhaps a drink bar. </p><p>Some databases such as popularly-used Microsoft Access may have the specifications that it is capable of usage by multiple concurrent users.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, under the stress of a POS system, they can fail miserably resulting in constant errors and corruption of data.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>POS systems are often designed for a variety of clients, and can be programmed by the end users to suit their needs. Some large clients write their own specifications for vendors to implement. In some cases, POS systems are sold and supported by third-party distributors, while in other cases they are sold and supported directly by the vendor. </p><p>The selection of a restaurant POS system is critical to the restaurant's daily operation and is a major investment that the restaurant's management and staff must endure for many years. The restaurant POS system interfaces with all phases of the restaurant operation, and with everyone that is involved with the restaurant including guests, suppliers, employees, managers and owners. The selection of a restaurant POS system is a complex process that should be undertaken by the restaurant owner and not delegated to an employee. The purchase process can be summarized in three steps: Design, Compare and Negotiate. The Design step requires research to determine which restaurant POS features are needed for the restaurant operation. With this information the restaurant owner or manager can Compare various restaurant POS solutions to determine which POS systems meet their requirements. The final step is to Negotiate the price, payment terms, included training, initial warranty and ongoing support costs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accounting_forensics">Accounting forensics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Accounting forensics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Automated_sales_suppression_device" title="Automated sales suppression device">Automated sales suppression device</a></div> <p>POS systems record sales for business and tax purposes. Illegal software dubbed "zappers" can be used on POS devices to falsify these records with a view to evading the payment of taxes. </p><p>In some countries, legislation is being introduced to make cash register systems more secure. For example, the French treasury is estimated to be failing to collect approximately €14 billion of VAT revenue each year. The Finance Bill of 2016 was intended to address some of this loss by making it compulsory for taxpayers to operate on “secure systems”. Therefore, from 1 January 2018, all retail businesses in France are required to record customer payments using certified secure accounting software or cash register systems. </p><p>A certified cash register system must provide for the (i) incommutable, (ii) security and (iii) storage and archiving of data. All businesses required to comply must obtain a certificate from the cash register system provider which certifies that the system meets these requirements. This is because VAT taxpayers may need to provide a certificate to the tax authorities showing that their cash management system fulfills the new requirements. </p><p>If the business cannot provide this certificate to the tax authorities, they may be fined. And, if the tax authorities can demonstrate fraudulent use of the system, both the business and the software provider can face tax penalties, fines, and criminal sanctions. Certification can be obtained either from: a body accredited by the French Accreditation Committee (Comité français d’accréditation or COFRAC) or the software provider of the cash register system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the more advanced technology of a POS system as compared to a simple cash register, the POS system is still vulnerable to employee theft through the sales window. A dishonest cashier at a retail outlet can collude with a friend who pretends to be an ordinary customer. During checkout, the cashier can bypass scanning certain items or enter a lower quantity for some items thus profiting from the "free" goods. </p><p>The ability of a POS system to void a closed sale receipt for refund purpose without needing a password from an authorized superior also represents a security loophole. Even a function to issue a receipt with a negative amount which can be useful under certain circumstances, can be exploited by a cashier to easily lift money from the cash drawer. </p><p>To prevent such employee theft, it is crucial for a POS system to provide an admin window for the supervisor or administrator to generate and inspect a daily list of sale receipts, especially pertaining to the frequency of cancelled receipts before completion, refunded receipts and negative receipts. This is one effective way to alert the company to any suspicious activity - such as a high number of cancelled sales by a certain cashier - that may be occurring, and to take monitoring action. </p><p>To further deter employee theft, the sales counter should also be equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">closed-circuit television</a> camera pointed at the POS system to monitor and record all activities. </p><p>At the back end, price and other changes like discounts to inventory items through the administration module should be secured with passwords provided to trusted administrators. Any changes made should also be logged and capable of being subsequently retrieved for inspection. </p><p>The sale records and inventory are important to the business because they provide useful information to the company in terms of customer preferences, customer membership particulars, what are the top selling products, who are the vendors and what margins the company is getting from them, the company monthly total revenue and cost, among others. </p><p>It is important that reports on these matters generated at the administrative back end be restricted to trusted personnel. The database from which these reports are generated should be secured via passwords or via encryption of data stored in the database to prevent copying or tampering. </p><p>Despite all such precautions, the POS system can never be entirely watertight in security from internal misuse if a clever, dishonest employee knows how to exploit many of its otherwise useful capabilities. </p><p>News reports on POS system hacking show that hackers are more interested in stealing credit card information than anything else. The ease and advantage offered by the ability of a POS system to integrate credit card processing thus have a downside. In 2011, hackers were able to steal credit card data from 80,000 customers because <a href="/wiki/Subway_(restaurant)" title="Subway (restaurant)">Subway</a>'s security and POS configuration standards for <a href="/wiki/PCI_compliance" class="mw-redirect" title="PCI compliance">PCI compliance</a> - which governs credit card and debit card payment systems security - were "directly and blatantly disregarded" by Subway franchisees.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2016, several hundred of <a href="/wiki/Wendy%27s" title="Wendy's">Wendy's</a> fast food restaurants had their POS systems hacked by illegally installed malware.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report goes on to say that "the number of franchise restaurants impacted by these cyber security attacks is now expected to be considerably higher than the 300 restaurants already implicated" and that the "hackers made hundreds of thousands of fraudulent purchases on credit and debit cards issued by various financial institutions after breaching Wendy's computer systems late last year". </p><p>These exploits by hackers could only be made possible because payment cards were processed through the POS system allowing the malware to either intercept card data during processing or steal and transmit unencrypted card data that is stored in the system database. </p><p>In April 2017, security researchers identified critical vulnerabilities in point of sale systems developed by <a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and commented, “POS systems are plagued by vulnerabilities, and incidents occurred because their security drawbacks came under the spotlight.”<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If successfully exploited, these vulnerabilities provide a perpetrator with access to every legitimate function of the system, such as changing prices, and remotely starting and stopping terminals. To illustrate the attack vector, the researchers used the example of hacking POS to change the price of a MacBook to $1. The security issues were reported to the vendor, and a patch was released soon after the notification. Oracle confirmed<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> security bug affects over 300,000 Oracle POS Systems </p><p>In some countries, credit and debit cards are only processed via <a href="/wiki/Payment_terminal" title="Payment terminal">payment terminals</a>. Thus one may see quite a number of such terminals for different cards cluttering up a sale counter. This inconvenience is offset by the fact that credit and <a href="/wiki/Debit_card" title="Debit card">debit card</a> data is far less vulnerable to hackers, unlike when payment cards are processed through the POS system where security is contingent upon the actions taken by end-users and developers. </p><p>With the launch of <a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">mobile payment</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Android_Pay" class="mw-redirect" title="Android Pay">Android Pay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Pay" title="Apple Pay">Apple Pay</a> in 2015, it is expected that because of its greater convenience coupled with good security features, this would eventually eclipse other types of payment services –  including the use of payment terminals. For mobile payment to go fully mainstream, mobile devices like smartphones that are <a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC-enabled</a> must first become universal. This would be a matter of several years from the time of this writing (2017) as more and more models of new smartphones are expected to become NFC-enabled for such a purpose. For instance, <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6" title="IPhone 6">iPhone 6</a> is fully NFC-enabled for mobile payment while <a href="/wiki/IPhone_5" title="IPhone 5">iPhone 5</a> and older models are not. The aforesaid disastrous security risks connected with processing payment card usage through a POS system would then be greatly diminished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EFTPOS" title="EFTPOS">EFTPOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">ISO 8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaPOS" title="JavaPOS">JavaPOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Point_of_sale_companies" title="Category:Point of sale companies">Point of sale companies category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_shopping_cart_software" title="Comparison of shopping cart software">Comparison of shopping cart software</a>: may or may not work together with EPOS software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_sale_display" title="Point of sale display">Point of sale display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point-of-sale_malware" title="Point-of-sale malware">Point of Sale Malware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_terminal" title="Payment terminal">Payment terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_checkout" class="mw-redirect" title="Self checkout">Self checkout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Interchange_Language" title="Standard Interchange Language">Standard Interchange Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnifiedPOS" title="UnifiedPOS">UnifiedPOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-office_software" title="Back-office software">Back-office Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Industry" title="Windows Embedded Industry">Windows Embedded Industry</a> (formerly Windows Embedded POSReady), an operating system largely used on POS machines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_payment" title="Split payment">Split payment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_sale&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=How+hackers+gave+Subway+a+%243+million+lesson+in+point-of-sale+security&rft.date=2011-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fbusiness%2F2011%2F12%2Fhow-hackers-gave-subway-a-30-million-lesson-in-point-of-sale-security%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoint+of+sale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeals2016" class="citation web cs1">Seals, Tara (13 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/wendys-point-of-sale-hack-grows/">"Wendy's Point of Sale Hack Grows Bigger"</a>. <i>Infosecurity</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infosecurity&rft.atitle=Wendy%27s+Point+of+Sale+Hack+Grows+Bigger&rft.date=2016-06-13&rft.aulast=Seals&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infosecurity-magazine.com%2Fnews%2Fwendys-point-of-sale-hack-grows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoint+of+sale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/06/15/sap_patch_batch_fixes_3_yr_old_vuln/">"SAP point-of-sale systems were totally hackable with $25 kit"</a>. <i>The Register</i>. 29 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922194932/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/06/15/sap_patch_batch_fixes_3_yr_old_vuln/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=SAP+point-of-sale+systems+were+totally+hackable+with+%2425+kit&rft.date=2017-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2016%2F06%2F15%2Fsap_patch_batch_fixes_3_yr_old_vuln%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoint+of+sale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/sap-pos-flaw-hackers-change-pricing/">"SAP POS Flaw Allows Hackers to Change Pricing"</a>. <i>Infosecurity</i>. 25 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922194942/https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/sap-pos-flaw-hackers-change-pricing/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infosecurity&rft.atitle=SAP+POS+Flaw+Allows+Hackers+to+Change+Pricing&rft.date=2017-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infosecurity-magazine.com%2Fnews%2Fsap-pos-flaw-hackers-change-pricing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoint+of+sale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/security-bug-affects-over-300-000-oracle-pos-systems/">"Security Bug Affects Over 300,000 Oracle POS Systems"</a>. Catalin Cimpanu. 31 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201023435/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/security-bug-affects-over-300-000-oracle-pos-systems/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_point_of_sale_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR_Voyix" title="NCR Voyix">NCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Micronics" title="Star Micronics">Star Micronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diebold_Nixdorf" title="Diebold Nixdorf">Diebold Nixdorf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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