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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8C.%DB%B2" title="هالبرشتات دی.۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هالبرشتات دی.۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halberstadt_D.II" title="Halberstadt D.II – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Halberstadt D.II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halberstadt_D.II" title="Halberstadt D.II – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Halberstadt D.II" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halberstadt_D.II" title="Halberstadt D.II – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Halberstadt D.II" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halberstadt_D.II" title="Halberstadt D.II – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Halberstadt D.II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halberstadt_D.II" title="Halberstadt D.II – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Halberstadt D.II" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82_D.IV" title="Халберштат D.IV – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Халберштат D.IV" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halberstadt_D.II" title="Halberstadt D.II – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Halberstadt D.II" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halberstadt_D.II" title="Halberstadt D.II – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Halberstadt D.II" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German WWI fighter</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Halberstadt D.II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HalberstadtDII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/HalberstadtDII.jpg/300px-HalberstadtDII.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/HalberstadtDII.jpg/450px-HalberstadtDII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/HalberstadtDII.jpg/600px-HalberstadtDII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="539" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Halberstadt D.II painted in a dark colour – allegedly flown by <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Boelcke" title="Oswald Boelcke">Boelcke</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Halberst%C3%A4dter_Flugzeugwerke" title="Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke">Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke</a><br />also under license to<br /><a href="/wiki/Aviatik" title="Aviatik">Aviatik</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hannoversche_Waggonfabrik" title="Hannoversche Waggonfabrik">Hannoversche Waggonfabrik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> Karl Theis</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" title="Luftstreitkräfte">Luftstreitkräfte</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">175</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1916</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">Early 1916</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">Late 1915</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1917</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Halberstadt D.II</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplane</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a> developed and manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> aircraft company <a href="/wiki/Halberst%C3%A4dter_Flugzeugwerke" title="Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke">Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke</a>. </p><p>It was adopted by the <i><a href="/wiki/Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" title="Luftstreitkräfte">Luftstreitkräfte</a></i> (Imperial German Army Air Service) and served through the period of Allied <a href="/wiki/Air_superiority" class="mw-redirect" title="Air superiority">air superiority</a> in early 1916. As the first biplane configuration fighter aircraft to serve in combat for the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, it had begun to be superseded in the <a href="/wiki/Jagdstaffeln" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagdstaffeln"><i>Jagdstaffeln</i> and other early German fighter units</a> by the superior <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.I" title="Albatros D.I">Albatros</a> fighters in the second half of the year, although small numbers of Halberstadts continued in use well into 1917. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halberstadt_D.II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halberstadt_D.II_drooped_lower_trailing_edge-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Halberstadt_D.II_drooped_lower_trailing_edge-1.jpg/220px-Halberstadt_D.II_drooped_lower_trailing_edge-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Halberstadt_D.II_drooped_lower_trailing_edge-1.jpg/330px-Halberstadt_D.II_drooped_lower_trailing_edge-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Halberstadt_D.II_drooped_lower_trailing_edge-1.jpg/440px-Halberstadt_D.II_drooped_lower_trailing_edge-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3166" data-file-height="1924" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Freiherr_von_Althaus" title="Ernst Freiherr von Althaus">Ernst Freiherr von Althaus</a>' Halberstadt D.II fighter from late 1916, showing characteristic lower wing trailing edge "droop"</figcaption></figure> <p>The D.II was the production version of the experimental <a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_D.I" title="Halberstadt D.I">D.I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheesman_1960_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheesman_1960-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Key differences between the D.I and D.II included a substantial effort to lighten the aircraft in order to improve its performance; the latter also featured staggered wings and the adoption of a more powerful 120 hp <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_D.II" title="Mercedes D.II">Mercedes D.II</a> engine. The side and frontal radiators that had been tried in the D.I were replaced by a wing mounted radiator, similar to the arrangement that was later used by the <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.III" title="Albatros D.III">Albatros D.III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.V" title="Albatros D.V">D.V</a>. In comparison with the D.I, the pilot sat higher in his cockpit, to improve his view over the top wing. This required a dorsal turtleback fairing over the rear fuselage, to improve its lines. </p><p>The two bay wings were very strongly braced, but the <a href="/wiki/Trailing_edge" title="Trailing edge">trailing edge</a> was composed of a wooden member, as opposed to the wire or cable common on many of the First World War-era German single-engined aircraft. Photographic evidence indicates that many examples were rigged with <a href="/wiki/Washout_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washout (aviation)">washout</a> on the lower wings – giving the impression of a curved or twisted lower wing trailing edge. In some photos even the upper wings have a similar sort of "trailing edge droop" on the fixed section inboard of the ailerons.<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halberstadt_D.II_trailing_edge_droop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Halberstadt_D.II_trailing_edge_droop.jpg/220px-Halberstadt_D.II_trailing_edge_droop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Halberstadt_D.II_trailing_edge_droop.jpg/330px-Halberstadt_D.II_trailing_edge_droop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Halberstadt_D.II_trailing_edge_droop.jpg/440px-Halberstadt_D.II_trailing_edge_droop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4194" data-file-height="1790" /></a><figcaption>An allegedly "factory-fresh" Halberstadt D.II fighter, showing the trailing-edge "droop" on all four wing panels</figcaption></figure> <p>Lateral control was by <a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">ailerons</a>, but the Morane-style <a href="/wiki/Empennage" title="Empennage">empennage</a> (common not only to Moranes, but also to the Fokker and <a href="/wiki/Pfalz_Flugzeugwerke" title="Pfalz Flugzeugwerke">Pfalz</a> types of the period) was retained. The inevitable result was extreme fore-and-aft sensitivity and poor control harmonization. The D.II was nonetheless considered to be very manoeuvrable in skilled hands: in particular it could reputedly be dived safely at high speed.<sup id="cite_ref-Munson,_p._113_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munson,_p._113-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single <a href="/wiki/Synchronization_gear" title="Synchronization gear">synchronised</a> <a href="/wiki/MG_08#Aircraft_versions" title="MG 08">lMG 08 "Spandau"</a> <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a> fired through the propeller arc. </p><p>If the only performance figures available for the type are accurate, the Halberstadt fighter's speed and climb were little better than the Eindecker's, but it earned the respect of Allied fighter pilots and was a preferred mount of the pilots of the early <i>Jagdstaffeln</i>, until the <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.I" title="Albatros D.I">Albatros D.I</a> became available. Halberstadts were actually retained, or even returned to service by some pilots during the early weeks of 1917, at a time when the structural difficulties with the <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.III" title="Albatros D.III">Albatros D.III</a> first surfaced.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheesman_1960_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheesman_1960-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halberstadt_D.II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other early German fighter types, the D.II was at first supplied in ones and twos to the ordinary six-aircraft reconnaissance units or <i><a href="/wiki/Feldflieger_Abteilung" title="Feldflieger Abteilung">Feldflieger Abteilungen</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" title="Luftstreitkräfte">German Air Service</a>: then from February 1916 onward through the summer of that year gathered into small specialised fighter units – the <i>Kampfeinsitzer-Kommandos</i> or "KEK" units. When the first true fighter <i>Jagdstaffeln</i> were formed in mid-1916, the Halberstadt was the best fighter available<sup id="cite_ref-Munson,_p._113_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munson,_p._113-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was used by <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Boelcke" title="Oswald Boelcke">Oswald Boelcke</a> to demonstrate his famous pioneering air fighting tactics (the <i><a href="/wiki/Dicta_Boelcke" title="Dicta Boelcke">Dicta Boelcke</a></i>) to the new units (although he is also recorded as flying a <a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.III" title="Fokker D.III">Fokker D.III</a> at this period). His Halberstadt was painted bright blue<sup id="cite_ref-Cheesman_1960_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheesman_1960-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – one of the first documented instances of the gaudy personal finishes applied by German fighter pilots to their mounts for the remainder of the war. </p><p>For some reason, the Halberstadt-built D-series fighters bore no marked IdFlieg-issued military serial numbers anywhere on their exteriors. The licence-built <a href="/wiki/Aviatik" title="Aviatik">Aviatik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hannoversche_Waggonfabrik" title="Hannoversche Waggonfabrik">Hannover</a>-constructed examples of the Halberstadt D-series fighters usually had IdFlieg-issued serial numbers on their rear fuselage sides.<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the new Albatros fighters came into service the Halberstadts were quickly replaced, although a few survived into early 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manfred_von_Richthofen" title="Manfred von Richthofen">Manfred von Richthofen</a> flew a red Halberstadt D.II for a few weeks in March 1917, after the <a href="/wiki/Spar_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spar (aviation)">spar</a> of the lower wing of his <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.III" title="Albatros D.III">Albatros D.III</a> cracked in combat. He scored 6 of his 80 victories with the type.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Armament_and_wireless_experiments">Armament and wireless experiments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halberstadt_D.II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Armament and wireless experiments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Believed to have been first tried within the first six months of 1916, future German rocketry pioneer <i><a href="/wiki/Leutnant" title="Leutnant">Leutnant</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Nebel" title="Rudolf Nebel">Rudolf Nebel</a>, then flying as a fighter pilot with <a href="/wiki/Jasta_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasta 5"><i>Jasta</i> 5</a>, one of the earliest German fighter squadrons within the <i><a href="/wiki/Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" title="Luftstreitkräfte">Luftstreitkräfte</a></i>, used a Halberstadt D.II aircraft of that unit in the first known German attempt at arming an aircraft with wing-mounted rockets as long range armament. <i>Leutnant</i> Nebel used a set of four improvised tubular launchers, two mounted per side on the wings, with a signal rocket being fired from each tube for the unofficial trial. According to <i>Leutnant</i> Nebel's apparently "undated" account, he took off on a defensive mission when 25 Allied aircraft appeared in the air near <i>Jasta</i> 5's base. He managed to fire his improvised rocket armament at a distance of 100 m (330 ft) from the Allied fighter formation, in a "head-on" attack at it and scared one British pilot into surrendering as the British aircraft landed safely in German territory, with <i>Leutnant</i> Nebel landing no more than 20 m (70 ft) away, to ensure the British pilot's capture. Just over a week later, <i>Leutnant</i> Nebel used his improvised rocket armament again and blew the propeller off an Allied aircraft, causing it to crash land.<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nieuport_w_Le_Prieur_rockets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nieuport_w_Le_Prieur_rockets.jpg/310px-Nieuport_w_Le_Prieur_rockets.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nieuport_w_Le_Prieur_rockets.jpg/465px-Nieuport_w_Le_Prieur_rockets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nieuport_w_Le_Prieur_rockets.jpg/620px-Nieuport_w_Le_Prieur_rockets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nieuport_16" title="Nieuport 16">Nieuport 16</a> equipped with Le Prieur rockets</figcaption></figure> <p>In mid-October 1916, another attempt was made to arm a Halberstadt D.II with rockets, this time for observation balloon attacks with a more formal method, using eight <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Prieur_rocket" title="Le Prieur rocket">Le Prieur</a></i>-like rockets mounted on the outer wing struts, the way that the French <a href="/wiki/Nieuport_11" title="Nieuport 11">Nieuport 11</a> had been armed nearly a year earlier. Problems with the ignition system on the rockets prevented the system from being experimented with any further.<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 1916, the Halberstadt D.II was the first known aeroplane for an official trial, with a special unit named the <i>FT-Versuchsabteilung</i> (Radio Telegraphy Experimental Detachment), with the "FT" possibly meaning <i>Funk-Telegraphie</i>, of air communications using <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> communications (via <a href="/wiki/Morse_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Morse Code">Morse Code</a>) in directing fighter aircraft. <i><a href="/wiki/IdFlieg" class="mw-redirect" title="IdFlieg">IdFlieg</a></i> sanctioned the test, which resulted in the creation of a radio-telegraphy transceiver for the flight leader's aircraft, weighing 25–30 kg (55–60 lb) along with the battery, aircraft engine-driven generator and aerials. Receiving gear for the other aircraft in a combat formation was similarly devised, with the radio receiver weighing 12.5–15 kg (27.5–33 lb). By early 1917, the <i>FT-Versuchsabteilung</i> was making combat trials with the radio gear with Halberstadt D.III and D.V aircraft and by late September 1917 with the famous <a href="/wiki/Jagdgeschwader_1_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War I)"><i>Jagdgeschwader</i> I</a> unit commanded by <a href="/wiki/Manfred_von_Richthofen" title="Manfred von Richthofen">Manfred von Richthofen</a>, especially <i>Jasta</i> 4. Later trials using the more advanced <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.III" title="Albatros D.III">Albatros D.III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.Va" class="mw-redirect" title="Albatros D.Va">Albatros D.Va</a> fighters used the gear for the first attempts at an air-based version of <a href="/wiki/Ground-controlled_interception" title="Ground-controlled interception">ground-controlled interception</a> of Allied bomber aircraft, using visual ground spotters as the ground component by the home defence <i>Kampfeinsitzerstaffel</i> units.<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halberstadt_D.II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aviatik" title="Aviatik">Aviatik</a> of Germany built the D.II under licence. It was originally known as the Aviatik D.I (not to be confused with their Austrian subsidiary's independently-designed <a href="/wiki/Aviatik_(Berg)_D.I" title="Aviatik (Berg) D.I">Aviatik (Berg) D.I</a>) but was later called the <b>Halberstadt D.II(Av)</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>Halberstadt D.III</b> primarily differed from the D.II version in its substitution of the Argus As.II 90 kW (120 hp) straight-six engine, which differed from the usual <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_D.II" title="Mercedes D.II">Mercedes D.II</a> powerplant in having its camshaft in the engine block and using pushrods to operate the overhead valves, rather than having a camshaft running atop all of the cylinders as in a single <a href="/wiki/Overhead_cam" class="mw-redirect" title="Overhead cam">overhead cam</a> engine. A total of 50 D.III examples were built by Halberstadt, with the first 30 ordered in July 1916 and the last 20 ordered in August 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>D.IV</b> version, of which only three were built to an order placed in early March 1916, changed the wing bracing layout to a single bay, dispensed with the twin bracing struts for the "all moving" vertical tail rudder surface, and used a Benz Bz.III 110 kW (150 hp) straight-six engine for power, with a small conical spinner for better streamlining. Tested by <i>IdFlieg</i> in October 1916, this type was rejected for further evaluation due to a poor forward field of view for the pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>D.V</b> version was a less radical departure from the earlier D.II version and mostly differed from the D.II, in having its four-member cabane strut structure supporting a central panel for the upper wing, rather than both upper wing panel's wing roots meeting along the centreline of the aircraft, for better forward pilot vision. It also used the D.III version's Argus As.II engine and changed the mounting position of the aircraft's 7.92 mm (.312 in) lMG 08 machine gun from the right to the left side of the nose. A total of 57 D.V aircraft were built, from orders placed in October 1916 and January–June 1917, with 31 of these being sent to Germany's ally in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I#Ottoman_Empire" title="World War I">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halberstadt_D.II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" title="Luftstreitkräfte">Luftstreitkräfte</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Air Force">Ottoman Air Force</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(D.II)"><span id="Specifications_.28D.II.29"></span>Specifications (D.II)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halberstadt_D.II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Specifications (D.II)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> German Combat Planes,<sup id="cite_ref-wagnernowarra_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wagnernowarra-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halberstadt Fighters-Classics of World War I Aviation, Volume 1<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 1</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 8.8 m (28 ft 10 in)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 2.66 m (8 ft 9 in)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 23.6 m<sup>2</sup> (254 sq ft)</li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 519 kg (1,144 lb)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 728.5 kg (1,606 lb)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_D.II" title="Mercedes D.II">Mercedes D.II</a> 6-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engine, 90 kW (120 hp)</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 150 km/h (93 mph, 81 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 250 km (160 mi, 130 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 4,000 m (13,000 ft) <sup id="cite_ref-Angel_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Time to altitude:</b> <br /></li> <li>1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 3 minutes 30 seconds<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2,000 m (6,600 ft) in 8 minutes 30 seconds<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 14 minutes 30 seconds<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>4,000 m (13,000 ft) in 22 minutes 30 seconds<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>5,000 m (16,000 ft) in 38 minutes 30 seconds<sup id="cite_ref-Grosz_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Wing loading:</b> 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (6.1 lb/sq ft)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 1 × forward-firing 7.92 mm (.312 in) <a href="/wiki/MG_08#Aircraft_versions" title="MG 08">lMG 08 "Spandau"</a> <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halberstadt_D.II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_Germany" title="List of military aircraft of Germany">List of military aircraft of Germany</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halberstadt_D.II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cheesman_1960-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cheesman_1960_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cheesman_1960_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cheesman_1960_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheesman 1960, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grosz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grosz_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrosz1996" class="citation book cs1">Grosz, Peter M. (1996). <i>Halberstadt Fighters-Classics of World War I Aviation, Volume 1</i>. Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, UK: Albatros Publications. pp. 6, 7, 9–15, 26, photo #52, photos #7 & #8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948414-86-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-948414-86-3"><bdi>0-948414-86-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halberstadt+Fighters-Classics+of+World+War+I+Aviation%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=Berkhamsted%2C+Hertfordshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=6%2C+7%2C+9-15%2C+26%2C+photo+%2352%2C+photos+%237+%26+%238&rft.pub=Albatros+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-948414-86-3&rft.aulast=Grosz&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalberstadt+D.II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Munson,_p._113-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Munson,_p._113_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munson,_p._113_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Munson 1968, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gray and Thetford 1970, p. 148 state that according to the Inter-Allied Control Commission, 100 were still in service in January 1917 – this seems more likely to refer to peak employment in September or October the previous year</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/germany/richthofen2.php">"Manfred von Richthofen"</a>. <i>www.theaerodrome.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theaerodrome.com&rft.atitle=Manfred+von+Richthofen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaerodrome.com%2Faces%2Fgermany%2Frichthofen2.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalberstadt+D.II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. <i>The Complete Book of Fighters</i>. London: Salamander, 1994.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2012)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wagnernowarra-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wagnernowarra_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagnerNowarra1971" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, Ray; Nowarra, Heinz (1971). <i>German Combat Planes: A Comprehensive Survey and History of the Development of German Military Aircraft from 1914 to 1945</i> (1st ed.). New York: Doubleday.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Combat+Planes%3A+A+Comprehensive+Survey+and+History+of+the+Development+of+German+Military+Aircraft+from+1914+to+1945&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.au=Nowarra%2C+Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalberstadt+D.II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angel-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Angel_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Angelucci 1983, p. 43.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halberstadt_D.II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Halberstadt_D.II" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Halberstadt D.II">Halberstadt D.II</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Angelucci, Enzo. <i>The Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, 1914–1980.</i> San Diego, California: The Military Press, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-41021-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-41021-4">0-517-41021-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBull1981–1982" class="citation magazine cs1">Bull, John (December 1981 – March 1982). "Talkback". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>. No. 17. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Talkback&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1981-12%2F1982-03&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalberstadt+D.II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cheesman, E.F. <i>Fighter Aircraft of the 1914–1918 War.</i> London: Harleyford Publications, 1960.</li> <li>Grey, Peter and Owen Thetford. <i>German Aircraft of the First World War.</i> London: Putnam & Company, 1970, First edition 1962. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-370-00103-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-370-00103-6">0-370-00103-6</a>.</li> <li>Grosz, Peter M. and A. E. Ferko. "Biplanes for the Fliegertruppe." <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a>,</i> Issue Fourteen, December 1980 – March 1981, pp. 57–67. London: Fine Scroll. ISSN 0143-5450.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrosz1981–1982" class="citation magazine cs1">Grosz, Peter M. (December 1981 – March 1982). "Talkback". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>. No. 17. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Talkback&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1981-12%2F1982-03&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Grosz&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalberstadt+D.II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Munson, Kenneth. <i>Fighters, Attack and Training Aircraft 1914–1919 War.</i> London: Blandford Press, 1968.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolle1999" class="citation magazine cs1">Nicolle, David (March–April 1999). "Young Turks: Ottoman Turkish Fighters 1915–1918". <i>Air Enthusiast</i>. No. 74. pp. 40–45. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Young+Turks%3A+Ottoman+Turkish+Fighters+1915%E2%80%931918&rft.issue=74&rft.pages=40-45&rft.date=1999-03%2F1999-04&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Nicolle&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHalberstadt+D.II" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Halberstadt_aircraft" title="Template:Halberstadt aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Halberstadt_aircraft" title="Template talk:Halberstadt aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Halberstadt_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Halberstadt aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Halberstadt_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Halberst%C3%A4dter_Flugzeugwerke" title="Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke">Halberstadt</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_A.I" title="Fokker A.I">A.II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_B_types" title="Halberstadt B types">B.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_B_types" title="Halberstadt B types">B.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_B_types" title="Halberstadt B types">B.III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C & CLS types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_C.I" title="Halberstadt C.I">C.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_CL.II" title="Halberstadt CL.II">CL.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_C.III" title="Halberstadt C.III">C.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_CL.IV" title="Halberstadt CL.IV">CL.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_C.V" title="Halberstadt C.V">C.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_C.VII" title="Halberstadt C.VII">C.VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_C.VIII" title="Halberstadt C.VIII">C.VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_C.IX" title="Halberstadt C.IX">C.IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_CLS.I" title="Halberstadt CLS.I">CLS.I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halberstadt_CLS.X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halberstadt CLS.X (page does not exist)">CLS.X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">D types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_D.I" title="Halberstadt D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D.II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D.III</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D.IV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D.V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_G.I" title="Halberstadt G.I">G.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Idflieg_D_and_DJ-class_aircraft_designations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Idflieg_D-class_designations" title="Template:Idflieg D-class designations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Idflieg_D-class_designations" title="Template talk:Idflieg D-class designations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Idflieg_D-class_designations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Idflieg D-class designations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idflieg_D_and_DJ-class_aircraft_designations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Idflieg_aircraft_designation_system" title="Idflieg aircraft designation system">Idflieg D and DJ-class aircraft designations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">D- class</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AEG_(German_company)" title="AEG (German company)">AEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEG_D.I" title="AEG D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_D.I" title="AEG D.I">D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_D.I" title="AEG D.I">D.III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Albatros_Flugzeugwerke" title="Albatros Flugzeugwerke">Albatros</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.I" title="Albatros D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.II" title="Albatros D.II">D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.III" title="Albatros D.III">D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.IV" title="Albatros D.IV">D.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.V" title="Albatros D.V">D.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.VI" title="Albatros D.VI">D.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.VII" title="Albatros D.VII">D.VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.VIII" title="Albatros D.VIII">D.VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.IX" title="Albatros D.IX">D.IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.X" title="Albatros D.X">D.X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.XI" title="Albatros D.XI">D.XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.XII" title="Albatros D.XII">D.XII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aviatik" title="Aviatik">Aviatik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(D.I skipped)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aviatik_D.II_(German)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aviatik D.II (German) (page does not exist)">D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviatik_D.III" title="Aviatik D.III">D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aviatik_D.IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aviatik D.IV (page does not exist)">D.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aviatik_D.V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aviatik D.V (page does not exist)">D.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviatik_D.VI" title="Aviatik D.VI">D.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviatik_D.VII" title="Aviatik D.VII">D.VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft">Daimler</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_D.I" title="Daimler D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daimler_D.II_(aircraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daimler D.II (aircraft) (page does not exist)">D.II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Flugzeug-Werke" title="Deutsche Flugzeug-Werke">DFW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DFW_D.I" title="DFW D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DFW_D.II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DFW D.II (page does not exist)">D.II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/August_Euler" title="August Euler">Euler</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euler_D.I" title="Euler D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euler_D.II" title="Euler D.II">D.II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fokker" title="Fokker">Fokker</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.I" title="Fokker D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.II" title="Fokker D.II">D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.III" title="Fokker D.III">D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.IV" title="Fokker D.IV">D.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.V" title="Fokker D.V">D.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.VI" title="Fokker D.VI">D.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.VII" title="Fokker D.VII">D.VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.VIII" title="Fokker D.VIII">D.VIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flugzeugbau_Friedrichshafen" title="Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen">Friedrichshafen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen_D.I" title="Friedrichshafen D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen_D.I" title="Friedrichshafen D.I">D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen_FF.54" title="Friedrichshafen FF.54">D.III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Halberst%C3%A4dter_Flugzeugwerke" title="Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke">Halberstadt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_D.I" title="Halberstadt D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D.II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D.III</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D.IV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">D.V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Junkers" title="Junkers">Junkers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_D.I" title="Junkers D.I">D.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kondor_Flugzeugwerke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kondor Flugzeugwerke (page does not exist)">Kondor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kondor_E_3" title="Kondor E 3">D.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luft-Fahrzeug-Gesellschaft" title="Luft-Fahrzeug-Gesellschaft">LFG/Roland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.I" title="LFG Roland D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.II" title="LFG Roland D.II">D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.III" title="LFG Roland D.III">D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.IV" title="LFG Roland D.IV">D.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.III" title="LFG Roland D.III">D.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.VI" title="LFG Roland D.VI">D.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.VII" title="LFG Roland D.VII">D.VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.VII" title="LFG Roland D.VII">D.VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.IX" title="LFG Roland D.IX">D.IX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LFG_Roland_D.X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LFG Roland D.X (page does not exist)">D.X</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LFG_Roland_D.XI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LFG Roland D.XI (page does not exist)">D.XI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LFG_Roland_D.XII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LFG Roland D.XII (page does not exist)">D.XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.VII" title="LFG Roland D.VII">D.XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.VII" title="LFG Roland D.VII">D.XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.XV" title="LFG Roland D.XV">D.XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.XVI" title="LFG Roland D.XVI">D.XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.XVII" title="LFG Roland D.XVII">D.XVII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LVG" title="LVG">LVG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.I" title="Albatros D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVG_D.II" title="LVG D.II">D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVG_D.III" title="LVG D.III">D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVG_D.IV" title="LVG D.IV">D.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVG_D.V" title="LVG D.V">D.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVG_D.VI" title="LVG D.VI">D.VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A4rkische_Flugzeugwerke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Märkische Flugzeugwerke (page does not exist)">Märkische</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkische_D.I" title="Märkische D.I">D.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naglo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naglo (page does not exist)">Naglo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naglo_D.I" title="Naglo D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naglo_D.II" title="Naglo D.II">D.II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_Flugzeugwerke" title="Pfalz Flugzeugwerke">Pfalz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.I" title="LFG Roland D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.II" title="LFG Roland D.II">D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_D.III" title="Pfalz D.III">D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfalz_D.IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pfalz D.IV (page does not exist)">D.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfalz_D.V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pfalz D.V (page does not exist)">D.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_D.VI" title="Pfalz D.VI">D.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_D.VII" title="Pfalz D.VII">D.VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_D.VIII" title="Pfalz D.VIII">D.VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfalz_D.IX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pfalz D.IX (page does not exist)">D.IX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfalz_D.X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pfalz D.X (page does not exist)">D.X</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfalz_D.XI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pfalz D.XI (page does not exist)">D.XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_D.XII" title="Pfalz D.XII">D.XII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfalz_D.XIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pfalz D.XIII (page does not exist)">D.XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_D.XII" title="Pfalz D.XII">D.XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_D.XV" title="Pfalz D.XV">D.XV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpler" title="Rumpler">Rumpler</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpler_D.I" title="Rumpler D.I">D.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lanz_airships" title="List of Schütte-Lanz airships">Schütte-Lanz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtte-Lanz_D.I" title="Schütte-Lanz D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtte-Lanz_D.II" title="Schütte-Lanz D.II">D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtte-Lanz_D.III" title="Schütte-Lanz D.III">D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtte-Lanz_D.IV" title="Schütte-Lanz D.IV">D.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sch%C3%BCtte-Lanz_D.V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schütte-Lanz D.V (page does not exist)">D.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtte-Lanz_D.VI" title="Schütte-Lanz D.VI">D.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtte-Lanz_D.VII" title="Schütte-Lanz D.VII">D.VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert" title="Siemens-Schuckert">Siemens-Schuckert</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_D.I" title="Siemens-Schuckert D.I">D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_D.IV" title="Siemens-Schuckert D.IV">D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_D.III" title="Siemens-Schuckert D.III">D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_D.IV" title="Siemens-Schuckert D.IV">D.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_D.IV" title="Siemens-Schuckert D.IV">D.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_D.VI" title="Siemens-Schuckert D.VI">D.VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luftschiffbau_Zeppelin" title="Luftschiffbau Zeppelin">Zeppelin-Lindau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin-Lindau_D.I" title="Zeppelin-Lindau D.I">D.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DJ- class</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="AEG" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AEG_(German_company)" title="AEG (German company)">AEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEG_DJ.I" title="AEG DJ.I">DJ.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_I_aircraft_of_the_Central_Powers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I_aircraft_of_the_Central_Powers" title="Template:World War I aircraft of the Central Powers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_I_aircraft_of_the_Central_Powers" title="Template talk:World War I aircraft of the Central Powers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_I_aircraft_of_the_Central_Powers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War I aircraft of the Central Powers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_I_aircraft_of_the_Central_Powers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_Central_Powers_aircraft" title="List of World War I Central Powers aircraft">World War I aircraft of the Central Powers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEG_D.I" title="AEG D.I">AEG D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_Dr.I" title="AEG Dr.I">AEG Dr.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.I" title="Albatros D.I">Albatros D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.II" title="Albatros D.II">Albatros D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.III" title="Albatros D.III">Albatros D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.V" title="Albatros D.V">Albatros D.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviatik_D.I" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviatik D.I">Aviatik D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviatik_C.VI" title="Aviatik C.VI">Aviatik C.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_L.6" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler L.6">Daimler L.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euler_D.I" title="Euler D.I">Euler D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euler_D.II" title="Euler D.II">Euler D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.I" title="Fokker D.I">Fokker D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.II" title="Fokker D.II">Fokker D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.III" title="Fokker D.III">Fokker D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.IV" title="Fokker D.IV">Fokker D.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.V" title="Fokker D.V">Fokker D.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.VI" title="Fokker D.VI">Fokker D.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.VII" title="Fokker D.VII">Fokker D.VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.VIII" title="Fokker D.VIII">Fokker D.VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_Dr.I" title="Fokker Dr.I">Fokker Dr.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_E.I" title="Fokker E.I">Fokker E.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_E.II" title="Fokker E.II">Fokker E.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_E.III" title="Fokker E.III">Fokker E.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_E.IV" title="Fokker E.IV">Fokker E.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_E.V" class="mw-redirect" title="Fokker E.V">Fokker E.V</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halberstadt D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannover_CL.II" title="Hannover CL.II">Hannover CL.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannover_CL.III" title="Hannover CL.III">Hannover CL.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannover_CL.IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannover CL.IV">Hannover CL.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannover_CL.V" title="Hannover CL.V">Hannover CL.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa-Brandenburg_W.12" title="Hansa-Brandenburg W.12">Hansa-Brandenburg W.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa-Brandenburg_W.29" title="Hansa-Brandenburg W.29">Hansa-Brandenburg W.29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_D.I" title="Junkers D.I">Junkers D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondor_D.6" class="mw-redirect" title="Kondor D.6">Kondor D.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondor_E.III" class="mw-redirect" title="Kondor E.III">Kondor E.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naglo_D.II" title="Naglo D.II">Naglo D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_D.III" title="Pfalz D.III">Pfalz D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_D.XII" title="Pfalz D.XII">Pfalz D.XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_Dr.I" title="Pfalz Dr.I">Pfalz Dr.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_E.I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pfalz E.I">Pfalz E.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalz_E.II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pfalz E.II">Pfalz E.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B6nix_D.I" title="Phönix D.I">Phönix D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.II" title="LFG Roland D.II">LFG Roland D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_D.VI" title="LFG Roland D.VI">LFG Roland D.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_D.I" title="Siemens-Schuckert D.I">Siemens-Schuckert D.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_D.II" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens-Schuckert D.II">Siemens-Schuckert D.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_D.III" title="Siemens-Schuckert D.III">Siemens-Schuckert D.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_D.IV" title="Siemens-Schuckert D.IV">Siemens-Schuckert D.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin-Lindau_D.I" title="Zeppelin-Lindau D.I">Zeppelin-Lindau D.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers and<br />ground attack</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEG_DJ.I" title="AEG DJ.I">AEG DJ.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_G.I" title="AEG G.I">AEG G.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_G.II" title="AEG G.II">AEG G.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_G.III" title="AEG G.III">AEG G.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_G.IV" title="AEG G.IV">AEG G.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_G.V" title="AEG G.V">AEG G.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_J.I" title="AEG J.I">AEG J.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_J.II" class="mw-redirect" title="AEG J.II">AEG J.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_R.I" title="AEG R.I">AEG R.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen_G.II" title="Friedrichshafen G.II">Friedrichshafen G.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen_G.III" title="Friedrichshafen G.III">Friedrichshafen G.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_G.I" title="Gotha G.I">Gotha G.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_G.II" title="Gotha G.II">Gotha G.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_G.III" title="Gotha G.III">Gotha G.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_G.IV" title="Gotha G.IV">Gotha G.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_G.V" title="Gotha G.V">Gotha G.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_GL.VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotha GL.VII">Gotha GL.VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotha_G.IX" title="Gotha G.IX">Gotha G.IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannover_CL.II" title="Hannover CL.II">Hannover CL.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_CL.I" title="Junkers CL.I">Junkers CL.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_J.I" title="Junkers J.I">Junkers J.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpler_G.I" title="Rumpler G.I">Rumpler G.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpler_G.II" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpler G.II">Rumpler G.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpler_G.III" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpler G.III">Rumpler G.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert_L.I" title="Siemens-Schuckert L.I">Siemens-Schuckert L.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin-Lindau_Rs.II" title="Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.II">Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin-Lindau_Rs.III" title="Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.III">Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin-Lindau_Rs.IV" title="Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV">Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin-Staaken_R.VI" title="Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI">Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEG_B.I" title="AEG B.I">AEG B.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_B.II" title="AEG B.II">AEG B.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_B.III" title="AEG B.III">AEG B.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_C.I" title="AEG C.I">AEG C.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_C.II" title="AEG C.II">AEG C.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_C.III" title="AEG C.III">AEG C.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_C.IV" title="AEG C.IV">AEG C.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_C.V" title="AEG C.V">AEG C.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_C.VI" class="mw-redirect" title="AEG C.VI">AEG C.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_C.VII" title="AEG C.VII">AEG C.VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_C.VIII" title="AEG C.VIII">AEG C.VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGO_C.I" title="AGO C.I">AGO C.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGO_C.II" title="AGO C.II">AGO C.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGO_C.III" title="AGO C.III">AGO C.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGO_C.IV" title="AGO C.IV">AGO C.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGO_C.VII" title="AGO C.VII">AGO C.VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGO_C.VIII" title="AGO C.VIII">AGO C.VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_B.I" title="Albatros B.I">Albatros B.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_B.II" title="Albatros B.II">Albatros B.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_C.I" title="Albatros C.I">Albatros C.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_C.III" title="Albatros C.III">Albatros C.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_C.V" title="Albatros C.V">Albatros C.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_C.VII" title="Albatros C.VII">Albatros C.VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_C.IX" title="Albatros C.IX">Albatros C.IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_C.X" title="Albatros C.X">Albatros C.X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_C.XII" title="Albatros C.XII">Albatros C.XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviatik_B.I" title="Aviatik B.I">Aviatik B.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviatik_B.II" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviatik B.II">Aviatik B.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviatik_C.I" title="Aviatik C.I">Aviatik C.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviatik_C.VI" title="Aviatik C.VI">Aviatik C.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFW_C.V" title="DFW C.V">DFW C.V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFG_Roland_C.II" title="LFG Roland C.II">LFG Roland C.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVG_B.I" title="LVG B.I">LVG B.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVG_C.II" title="LVG C.II">LVG C.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpler_C.I" title="Rumpler C.I">Rumpler C.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpler_C.IV" title="Rumpler C.IV">Rumpler C.IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpler_Taube" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpler Taube">Rumpler Taube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euler_D.I" title="Euler D.I">Euler D.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prototypes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_C.II" title="Albatros C.II">Albatros C.II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_V.1" title="Fokker V.1">Fokker V.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_V.2" title="Fokker V.2">Fokker V.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_J_1" title="Junkers J 1">Junkers J 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_J_2" title="Junkers J 2">Junkers J 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin-Lindau_Rs.I" title="Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I">Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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