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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_Cyborg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Project Cyborg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project_Cyborg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Implications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tracking_device" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tracking_device"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Tracking device</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tracking_device-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turing_test" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turing_test"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Turing test</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turing_test-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other work</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_work-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Royal Institution Christmas Lectures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards and recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83" title="كيفن وارويك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيفن وارويك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7" title="קווין ווריק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קווין ווריק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кевин Ворик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кевин Ворик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="കെവിൻ വാർവിക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കെവിൻ വാർവിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Уорик, Кевин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уорик, Кевин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Vorvik" title="Kevin Vorvik – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kevin Vorvik" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kevin Warwick" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Кевін Ворвік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кевін Ворвік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B" title="凱文·沃威克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="凱文·沃威克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q380459#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">British engineer and robotics researcher</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Kevin Warwick</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Warwick_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Kevin_Warwick_2011.jpg/220px-Kevin_Warwick_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Kevin_Warwick_2011.jpg/330px-Kevin_Warwick_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Kevin_Warwick_2011.jpg/440px-Kevin_Warwick_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2854" data-file-height="3403" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Warwick in 2011</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1954-02-09</span>) </span>9 February 1954<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 71)</span><sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">"Captain Cyborg"<sup id="cite_ref-cyborg1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyborg1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cyborg2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyborg2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cyborg3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyborg3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cyborg4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyborg4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston University</a> (BSc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a> (PhD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Project Cyborg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology_(professional_society)" class="mw-redirect" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology (professional society)">FIET</a><sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Royal Institution Christmas Lectures</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountbatten Medal">Mountbatten Medal</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison-Cliffe_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellison-Cliffe Lecture">Ellison-Cliffe Medal</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">Biomedical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial Intelligence (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioethics" title="Bioethics">Bioethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborgs">Cyborgs</a><sup id="cite_ref-googlescholar_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googlescholar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville College</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theses.com">Self-tuning controllers via the state space</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1982)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Westcott" title="John Westcott">John Hugh Westcott</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gasson" title="Mark Gasson">Mark Gasson</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kevin Warwick</b> (born 9 February 1954) is an English engineer and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) at <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CoventryUni_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoventryUni-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is known for his studies on <a href="/wiki/Direct_neural_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct neural interface">direct interfaces</a> between computer systems and the human <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a>, and has also done research concerning <a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kevin Warwick was born in 1954 in <a href="/wiki/Keresley" title="Keresley">Keresley</a>, Coventry, England,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was raised in the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Ryton-on-Dunsmore" title="Ryton-on-Dunsmore">Ryton-on-Dunsmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a>. His family attended a Methodist church but soon he began doubting the existence of God.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Sheriff_School" title="Lawrence Sheriff School">Lawrence Sheriff School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire" title="Rugby, Warwickshire">Rugby, Warwickshire</a>, where he was a contemporary of actor <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bostrom" title="Arthur Bostrom">Arthur Bostrom</a>. He left school at the age of 16 to start an <a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship">apprenticeship</a> with <a href="/wiki/British_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="British Telecom">British Telecom</a>. In 1976, he was granted his <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_degree#United_Kingdom" title="Undergraduate degree">first degree</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston University</a>, followed by a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> degree and a research job at <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>. </p><p>He took up positions at <a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville College</a> in Oxford, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a>, before relocating to <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a> in 2014. </p><p>Warwick is a <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Engineer_(UK)" title="Chartered Engineer (UK)">Chartered Engineer</a> (CEng), a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology">Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology</a> (FIET) and a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City and Guilds of London Institute</a> (FCGI). He is Visiting Professor at the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Technical_University_in_Prague" title="Czech Technical University in Prague">Czech Technical University in Prague</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">University of Strathclyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_University" title="Bournemouth University">Bournemouth University</a>, and the University of Reading, and in 2004 he was Senior <a href="/wiki/Beckman_Fellow" title="Beckman Fellow">Beckman Fellow</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana%E2%80%93Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign">University of Illinois</a> in the United States. He is also on the Advisory Boards of the Instinctive Computing Laboratory at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Centre for Intermedia at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the age of 40, Warwick had been awarded a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">DSc</a> degree by both Imperial College London and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czech Academy of Sciences">Czech Academy of Sciences</a> in Prague, for his research output in two entirely unrelated areas. He has received the <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology">IET</a> Achievement Medal, the <a href="/wiki/IET_Mountbatten_Medal" title="IET Mountbatten Medal">IET Mountbatten Medal</a>, and in 2011 the <a href="/wiki/Ellison%E2%80%93Cliffe_Lecture" title="Ellison–Cliffe Lecture">Ellison-Cliffe Medal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Medicine" title="Royal Society of Medicine">Royal Society of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, Warwick presented the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Royal Institution Christmas Lectures</a>, entitled <i>The Rise of Robots</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick performs research in <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">biomedical engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Control_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Control systems">control systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a>. Much of Warwick's early research was in the area of <a href="/wiki/Discrete_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrete time">discrete time</a> <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_control" title="Adaptive control">adaptive control</a>. He introduced the first <a href="/wiki/State-space_representation" title="State-space representation">state space</a> based <a href="/wiki/Self-tuning" title="Self-tuning">self-tuning</a> controller<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and unified discrete time state space representations of <a href="/wiki/Autoregressive%E2%80%93moving-average_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoregressive–moving-average model">ARMA</a> models.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also contributed to mathematics,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Power_engineering" title="Power engineering">power engineering</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">manufacturing production machinery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_intelligence">Artificial intelligence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Artificial intelligence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick directed a research project funded by the <a href="/wiki/Engineering_and_Physical_Sciences_Research_Council" title="Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council">Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council</a> (EPSRC), which investigated the use of <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to suitably stimulate and translate patterns of electrical activity from living <a href="/wiki/Cultured_neural_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultured neural networks">cultured neural networks</a> to use the networks for the control of mobile robots.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence the behaviour process for each robot was effectively provided by a biological brain. </p><p>Previously, Warwick helped to develop a <a href="/wiki/Genetic_algorithm" title="Genetic algorithm">genetic algorithm</a> named Gershwyn, which was able to exhibit creativity in producing popular songs, learning what makes a hit record by listening to examples of previous successful songs.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gershwyn appeared on BBC's <i><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow%27s_World" title="Tomorrow's World">Tomorrow's World</a></i>, having been successfully used to mix music for Manus, a group consisting of the four younger brothers of <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Costello" title="Elvis Costello">Elvis Costello</a>. </p><p>Another of Warwick's projects involving AI was the robot head, Morgui. The head, which contained five "senses" (<a href="/wiki/Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audio_frequency" title="Audio frequency">sound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>), was used to investigate sensor data fusion. It was X-rated by the University of Reading Research and Ethics Committee due to its image storage capabilities—anyone under the age of 18 who wished to interact with the robot had to obtain parental approval.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warwick has very outspoken opinions about the future, particularly with respect to AI and its effect on the human species. He argues that humanity will need to use technology to enhance itself to avoid being overtaken by machines.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He states that many human limitations, such as <a href="/wiki/Sensory-motor_coupling" title="Sensory-motor coupling">sensorimotor</a> abilities, can be outperformed by machines, and he has said on record that he wants to gain these abilities: "There is no way I want to stay a mere human."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bioethics">Bioethics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bioethics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick directed the University of Reading team in a number of European Community projects such as: FIDIS (Future of Identity in the Information Society), researching the future of identity; and ETHICBOTS and RoboLaw, both of which considered the <a href="/wiki/Robot_ethics" title="Robot ethics">ethical aspects</a> of robots and <a href="/wiki/Cyborg" title="Cyborg">cyborgs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warwick's topics of interest have many ethical implications, some due to his <a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">human enhancement</a> experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ethical dilemmas of his research are used by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics" title="Institute of Physics">Institute of Physics</a> as a case study<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for schoolchildren and science teachers as a part of their formal Advanced level and GCSE studies. His work has also been discussed by the USA <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Bioethics" title="President's Council on Bioethics">President's Council on Bioethics</a> and the USA President's Panel on Forward Engagements.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Nuffield_Council_on_Bioethics" title="Nuffield Council on Bioethics">Nuffield Council on Bioethics</a> Working Party on <i>Novel Neurotechnologies</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deep_brain_stimulation">Deep brain stimulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Deep brain stimulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Aziz" title="Tipu Aziz">Tipu Aziz</a> and his team at <a href="/wiki/John_Radcliffe_Hospital" title="John Radcliffe Hospital">John Radcliffe Hospital</a>, Oxford, and <a href="/wiki/John_Stein_(physiologist)" title="John Stein (physiologist)">John Stein</a> of the University of Oxford, Warwick is helping to design the next generation of <a href="/wiki/Deep_brain_stimulation" title="Deep brain stimulation">deep brain stimulation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of stimulating the brain all the time, the goal is for the device to predict when stimulation is needed and to apply the signals prior to any tremors occurring, thereby stopping tremors before they start.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent results have also shown that it is possible to identify different types of Parkinson's Disease.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_awareness">Public awareness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Public awareness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick has directed a number of projects intended to interest schoolchildren in the technology with which he is involved. In 2000, he received the <a href="/wiki/Engineering_and_Physical_Sciences_Research_Council" title="Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council">EPSRC</a> Millennium Award for his Schools Robot League. In 2007, 16 school teams were involved in a project to design a humanoid robot to dance and then complete an assault course, with the final competition staged at the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum, London</a>. The project, entitled 'Androids Advance' was funded by EPSRC and was presented as a news item by Chinese television.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warwick contributes significantly to the <a href="/wiki/Public_awareness_of_science" title="Public awareness of science">public understanding of science</a> by giving regular public lectures, participating with radio programmes, and through popular writing. He has appeared in numerous television documentary programmes on <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">AI</a>, robotics and the role of science fiction in science, such as <i><a href="/wiki/How_William_Shatner_Changed_the_World" title="How William Shatner Changed the World">How William Shatner Changed the World</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Future_Fantastic" title="Future Fantastic">Future Fantastic</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Explorations_(TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorations (TV)">Explorations</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-imdb_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imdb-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil" title="Ray Kurzweil">Ray Kurzweil</a>-inspired movie <i><a href="/wiki/Transcendent_Man" title="Transcendent Man">Transcendent Man</a></i> along with <a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>. He has guested on several television talk shows, including <i><a href="/wiki/Late_Night_with_Conan_O%27Brien" title="Late Night with Conan O'Brien">Late Night with Conan O'Brien</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rst_%26_sist" title="Først & sist">Først & sist</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Brunch" title="Sunday Brunch">Sunday Brunch</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_%26_Judy" title="Richard & Judy">Richard & Judy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has appeared on the cover of a number of magazines, for example the February 2000 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, Warwick was the subject of an <a href="/wiki/Early_day_motion" title="Early day motion">early day motion</a> tabled by members of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a>, in which he was congratulated for his work in attracting students to science and for teaching "in a way that makes the subject interesting and relevant so that more students will want to develop a career in science."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Warwick was interviewed about his work in cybernetics for two documentary features on the DVD release of the 1985 <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> story <i><a href="/wiki/Attack_of_the_Cybermen" title="Attack of the Cybermen">Attack of the Cybermen</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also an interview subject for the televised lecture <i><a href="/wiki/The_Science_of_Doctor_Who" title="The Science of Doctor Who">The Science of Doctor Who</a></i> in 2013. </p><p>In 2013, Warwick appeared as a guest on BBC Radio 4's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Museum_of_Curiosity" title="The Museum of Curiosity">The Museum of Curiosity</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Llewellyn" title="Robert Llewellyn">Robert Llewellyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleo_Rocos" title="Cleo Rocos">Cleo Rocos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, he appeared on BBC Radio 4's <a href="/wiki/Midweek_(BBC_Radio_4)" title="Midweek (BBC Radio 4)"><i>Midweek</i></a> with <a href="/wiki/Libby_Purves" title="Libby Purves">Libby Purves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bannister" title="Roger Bannister">Roger Bannister</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rachael_Stirling" title="Rachael Stirling">Rachael Stirling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robotics">Robotics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Robotics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick's claims that robots can program themselves to avoid each other while operating in a group raise the issue of <a href="/wiki/Self-organization" title="Self-organization">self-organisation</a>. In particular, the works of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Varela" title="Francisco Varela">Francisco Varela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humberto_Maturana" title="Humberto Maturana">Humberto Maturana</a>, once purely speculative have now become immediately relevant with respect to <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_intelligence" title="Synthetic intelligence">synthetic intelligence</a>. </p><p>Cyborg-type systems, if they are to survive, need to be not only <a href="/wiki/Homeostatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeostatic">homeostatic</a> (meaning that they are able to preserve stable internal conditions in various environments) but also adaptive. Testing the claims of Varela and Maturana using synthetic devices is the more serious concern in the discussion about Warwick and those involved in similar research. "Pulling the plug" on independent devices cannot be as simple as it appears, because if the device displays sufficient intelligence, and assumes a diagnostic and prognostic stature, we may ultimately one day be forced to decide between what it could be telling us as counterintuitive (but correct) and our impulse to disconnect because of our limited and "intuitive" perceptions. </p><p>Warwick's robots seemed to exhibit behaviour not anticipated by the research, one such robot "committing suicide" because it could not cope with its environment.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a more complex setting, it may be asked whether a "natural selection" might be possible, neural networks being the major operative. </p><p>The 1999 edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of Records">Guinness Book of Records</a></i> recorded that Warwick performed the first robot learning experiment using the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One robot, with an <a href="/wiki/Artificial_neural_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a> brain at the University of Reading in the UK, learned how to move around without bumping into things. It then taught, via the Internet, another robot at <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo,_The_State_University_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="University at Buffalo, The State University of New York">SUNY Buffalo</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York State</a> to behave in the same way.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The robot in the US was therefore not taught or programmed by a human, but rather by another robot based on what it had itself learnt.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hissing Sid was a robot cat that Warwick took on a <a href="/wiki/British_Council" title="British Council">British Council</a> lecture tour of Russia, where he presented it in lectures at such places as <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a>. The robot was put together as a student project; its name came from the noise made by the <a href="/wiki/Pneumatic_actuator" title="Pneumatic actuator">pneumatic actuators</a> used to drive its legs when walking. Hissing Sid also appeared on BBC TV's <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Peter" title="Blue Peter">Blue Peter</a></i> but became more well known when it was refused a ticket by <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a> on the grounds that they did not allow animals in the cabin.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warwick was also responsible for a robotic "magic chair" (based on the <a href="/wiki/SCARA" title="SCARA">SCARA</a>-form UMI RTX arm)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used on BBC TV's <i><a href="/wiki/Jim%27ll_Fix_It" title="Jim'll Fix It">Jim'll Fix It</a></i>. The chair provided the show's host <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Savile" title="Jimmy Savile">Jimmy Savile</a> with tea and stored Jim'll Fix It badges for him to hand out to guests.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warwick appeared on the programme himself for a Fix-it involving robots.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warwick was also involved in the development of the "Seven Dwarves" robots, a version of which was sold in kit form as "Cybot" on the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Robots" title="Real Robots">Real Robots</a></i> magazine in 2001. The magazine series guided its readers through the stages of building and programming Cybot, an artificially intelligent robot capable of making its own decisions and thinking for itself.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Cyborg">Project Cyborg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Project Cyborg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Probably the most famous research undertaken by Warwick—and the origin of the nickname "Captain Cyborg"<sup id="cite_ref-cyborg1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyborg1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cyborg2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyborg2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cyborg3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyborg3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> given to him by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>—is the set of experiments known as Project Cyborg, in which an array was implanted into his arm, with the goal of him "becoming a <a href="/wiki/Cyborg" title="Cyborg">cyborg</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1001/archneur.60.10.1369|noedit_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1001/archneur.60.10.1369|noedit-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first stage of Project Cyborg, which began on 24 August 1998, involved a simple <a href="/wiki/RFID" class="mw-redirect" title="RFID">RFID</a> transmitter being implanted beneath Warwick's skin, which was used to control doors, lights, heaters, and other computer-controlled devices based on his proximity.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He explained that the main purpose of this experiment was to test the limits of what the body would accept, and how easy it would be to receive a meaningful signal from the microprocessor.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second stage of the research involved a more complex neural interface, designed and built especially for the experiment by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gasson" title="Mark Gasson">Mark Gasson</a> and his team at the University of Reading. This device consisted of a <a href="/wiki/BrainGate" title="BrainGate">BrainGate</a> sensor, a silicon square about 3mm wide, connected to an external "gauntlet" that housed supporting electronics. It was implanted under local anaesthetic on 14 March 2002 at the <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Infirmary" title="Radcliffe Infirmary">Radcliffe Infirmary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, where it was interfaced directly into Warwick's nervous system via the <a href="/wiki/Median_nerve" title="Median nerve">median nerve</a> in his left wrist. The <a href="/wiki/Microelectrode_array" title="Microelectrode array">microelectrode array</a> that was inserted contained 100 <a href="/wiki/Electrode" title="Electrode">electrodes</a>, each the width of a human hair, of which 25 could be accessed at any one time, whereas the nerve that was being monitored carries many times that number of signals. The experiment proved successful, and the output signals were detailed enough to enable a <a href="/wiki/Robot_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Robot arm">robot arm</a>, developed by Warwick's colleague Dr. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kyberd" title="Peter Kyberd">Peter Kyberd</a>, to mimic the actions of Warwick's own arm.<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1001/archneur.60.10.1369|noedit_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1001/archneur.60.10.1369|noedit-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By means of the implant, Warwick's nervous system was connected to the Internet at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, New York. From there he was able to control the robot arm at the University of Reading and obtain feedback from sensors in the finger tips. He also successfully connected <a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_transducer" title="Ultrasonic transducer">ultrasonic sensors</a> on a baseball cap and experienced a form of extrasensory input.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a highly publicised extension to the experiment, a simpler array was implanted into the arm of Warwick's wife, with the ultimate aim of one day creating a form of <a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">telepathy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">empathy</a> using the Internet to communicate the signal over huge distances. This experiment resulted in the first direct and purely electronic communication between the nervous systems of two humans.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the effect of the implant on Warwick's hand function was measured using the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">University of Southampton</a>'s Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a fear that directly interfacing with the nervous system might cause some form of damage or interference, but no measurable side effect (nor any sign of rejection) was encountered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Implications">Implications</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Implications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick and his colleagues claim that the Project Cyborg research could result in new medical tools for treating patients with damage to the nervous system, as well as assisting the more ambitious enhancements Warwick advocates. Some <a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">transhumanists</a> even speculate that similar technologies could be used for technology-facilitated telepathy.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tracking_device">Tracking device</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tracking device"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A controversy began in August 2002, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Soham_murders" title="Soham murders">Soham murders</a>, when Warwick reportedly offered to implant a <a href="/wiki/Tracking_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracking device">tracking device</a> into an 11-year-old girl as an anti-abduction measure. The plan produced a mixed reaction, with endorsement from many worried parents but ethical concerns from children's societies.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the idea did not go ahead. </p><p>Anti-theft RFID chips are common in jewellery or clothing in some Latin American countries due to a high abduction rate,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the company <a href="/wiki/VeriChip" class="mw-redirect" title="VeriChip">VeriChip</a> announced plans in 2001 to expand its line of available medical information implants,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a> trackable when combined with a separate GPS device.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turing_test">Turing test</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Turing test"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Warwick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kevin_Warwick.jpg/170px-Kevin_Warwick.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kevin_Warwick.jpg/255px-Kevin_Warwick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kevin_Warwick.jpg/340px-Kevin_Warwick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1734" data-file-height="2083" /></a><figcaption>Warwick in February 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Warwick_2011d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Kevin_Warwick_2011d.jpg/170px-Kevin_Warwick_2011d.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Kevin_Warwick_2011d.jpg/255px-Kevin_Warwick_2011d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Kevin_Warwick_2011d.jpg/340px-Kevin_Warwick_2011d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a><figcaption>Warwick in June 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Warwick participated as a <i>Turing Interrogator</i> on two occasions, judging machines in the 2001 and 2006 <a href="/wiki/Loebner_Prize" title="Loebner Prize">Loebner Prize</a> competitions, platforms for an "imitation game" as devised by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>. The 2001 Prize, held at the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">London Science Museum</a>, featured Turing's "jury service" or one-to-one <a href="/wiki/Turing_test" title="Turing test">Turing tests</a> and was won by <a href="/wiki/A.L.I.C.E." class="mw-redirect" title="A.L.I.C.E.">A.L.I.C.E.</a> The 2006 contest staged "parallel-paired" Turing tests at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> and the winner was <a href="/wiki/Rollo_Carpenter" title="Rollo Carpenter">Rollo Carpenter</a>. Warwick co-organised the 2008 Loebner Prize at the University of Reading, which also featured parallel-paired Turing tests.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, he co-organised with Huma Shah a series of Turing tests held at <a href="/wiki/Bletchley_Park" title="Bletchley Park">Bletchley Park</a>. According to Warwick, the tests strictly adhered to the statements made by Alan Turing in his papers. Warwick himself participated in the tests as a hidden human.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Results of the tests were discussed in a number of academic papers.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One paper, entitled "Human Misidentification in Turing Tests", became one of the top three most-downloaded papers in the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Experimental_and_Theoretical_Artificial_Intelligence" title="Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence</a></i>. </p><p>In June 2014, Warwick helped Shah stage a series of Turing tests to mark the 60th anniversary of Alan Turing's death. The event was performed at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>, London. Warwick regarded the winning chatbot, "<a href="/wiki/Eugene_Goostman" title="Eugene Goostman">Eugene Goostman</a>", as having "passed the Turing test for the first time" by fooling a third of the event's judges into making an incorrect identification, and termed this a "milestone".<sup id="cite_ref-uor-success_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uor-success-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A paper containing all of the transcripts involving Eugene Goostman entitled "Can Machines Think? A Report on Turing Test Experiments at the Royal Society", has also become one of the top three most-downloaded papers in the <i>Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warwick was criticised in the context of the 2014 Royal Society event, where he claimed that software program Eugene Goostman had passed the Turing test on the basis of its performance. The software successfully convinced over 30% of the judges who could not identify it as being a machine, on the basis of a five-minute text chat. Critics stated that the software's claim of being a young non-native English speaker weakened the spirit of the test, as any grammatical and semantic inconsistencies could be excused as a consequence of limited proficiency in the English language.<sup id="cite_ref-buzzfeed_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buzzfeed-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-techdirt_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techdirt-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some critics also claimed that the software's performance had been exceeded by other programs in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-buzzfeed_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buzzfeed-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-techdirt_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techdirt-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the 2014 tests were entirely unrestricted in terms of discussion topics, whereas the previous tests referenced by the critics had been limited to very specific subject areas. Additionally, Warwick was criticised by editor and entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Mike_Masnick" title="Mike Masnick">Mike Masnick</a> for exaggerating the significance of the Eugene Goostman program to the press.<sup id="cite_ref-techdirt_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techdirt-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_work">Other work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick was a member of the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">Higher Education Funding Council for England</a> (unit 29) <a href="/wiki/Research_Assessment_Exercise" title="Research Assessment Exercise">Research Assessment Exercise</a> panel on <a href="/wiki/Electrical_and_Electronic_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical and Electronic Engineering">Electrical and Electronic Engineering</a> and was Deputy chairman for the same panel (unit 24) in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2009, he was cited as being the inspiration of National Young Scientist of the Year, Peter Hatfield.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures">Royal Institution Christmas Lectures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Royal Institution Christmas Lectures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick presented the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Royal Institution Christmas Lectures</a> in December 2000, entitled <i>Rise of the Robots</i>. Although the lectures were well received by some,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British computer scientist <a href="/wiki/Simon_Colton" title="Simon Colton">Simon Colton</a> complained about the choice of Warwick prior to his appearance. He claimed that Warwick "is not a spokesman for our subject" (Artificial Intelligence) and "allowing him influence through the Christmas lectures is a danger to the public perception of science".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to Warwick's claims that computers could be creative, Colton, who is a Professor of Computational Creativity, also said: "the AI community has done real science to reclaim words such as creativity and emotion which they claim computers will never have".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent letters were generally positive; Ralph Rayner wrote: "With my youngest son, I attended all of the lectures and found them balanced and thought-provoking. They were not sensationalist. I applaud Warwick for his lectures".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick received the Future Health Technology Award in 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was presented with the <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology">Institution of Engineering and Technology</a> (IET) Achievement Medal in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountbatten Medal">Mountbatten Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009 he received the <a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Champagnat" title="Marcellin Champagnat">Marcellin Champagnat</a> award from Universidad Marista <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Eurydice_Award" title="Golden Eurydice Award">Golden Eurydice Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011 he received the <a href="/wiki/Ellison-Cliffe_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellison-Cliffe Lecture">Ellison-Cliffe Medal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Medicine" title="Royal Society of Medicine">Royal Society of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, he was elected to the membership of the <a href="/wiki/European_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="European Academy of Sciences and Arts">European Academy of Sciences and Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 Warwick was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/International_Academy_for_Systems_and_Cybernetic_Sciences" title="International Academy for Systems and Cybernetic Sciences">International Academy for Systems and Cybernetic Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2020 he was awarded an Honorary Fellowship of the <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics_Society" title="Cybernetics Society">Cybernetics Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is the recipient of ten <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">doctorates</a>, these being from Aston University,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CoventryUni_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoventryUni-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Achievements_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Achievements-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">Bradford University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">University of Bedfordshire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Achievements_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Achievements-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">Portsmouth University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ss._Cyril_and_Methodius_University_of_Skopje" title="Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje">Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Napier_University" title="Edinburgh Napier University">Edinburgh Napier University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Galgotias_University" title="Galgotias University">Galgotias University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick has both his critics and endorsers, some of whom describe him as a "maverick".<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others see his work as "not very scientific" and more like "entertainment", whereas some regard him as "an extraordinarily creative experimenter", his presentations as "awesome" and his work as "profound".<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warwick has written several books, articles and papers. A selection of his books: </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Warwick2001" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Warwick (2001). <i>QI: The Quest for Intelligence</i>. Piatkus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7499-2230-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7499-2230-6"><bdi>978-0-7499-2230-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=QI%3A+The+Quest+for+Intelligence&rft.pub=Piatkus+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7499-2230-6&rft.au=Kevin+Warwick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Warwick2004" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Warwick (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/icyborg00kevi"><i>I, Cyborg</i></a></span>. University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07215-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07215-4"><bdi>978-0-252-07215-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I%2C+Cyborg&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-252-07215-4&rft.au=Kevin+Warwick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ficyborg00kevi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Warwick2004" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Warwick (2004). <a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Machines" title="March of the Machines"><i>March of the Machines: The Breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07223-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07223-9"><bdi>978-0-252-07223-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=March+of+the+Machines%3A+The+Breakthrough+in+Artificial+Intelligence&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-252-07223-9&rft.au=Kevin+Warwick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Warwick2011" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Warwick (30 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yLW7bwAACAAJ"><i>Artificial Intelligence: The Basics</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-56483-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-56483-0"><bdi>978-0-415-56483-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artificial+Intelligence%3A+The+Basics&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2011-08-30&rft.isbn=978-0-415-56483-0&rft.au=Kevin+Warwick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyLW7bwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Warwick_and_Huma_Shah2016" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Warwick and Huma Shah (2016). <i>Turing's Imitation Game</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-05638-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-05638-1"><bdi>978-1-107-05638-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turing%27s+Imitation+Game&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-107-05638-1&rft.au=Kevin+Warwick+and+Huma+Shah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>Lectures (inaugural and keynote lectures): </p> <ul><li>1998, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle_Lecture" title="Robert Boyle Lecture">Robert Boyle Lecture</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>.</li> <li>2000, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Royal Institution Christmas Lectures</a>. These lectures were repeated in 2001 during a tour of Japan, China and Korea.</li> <li>2001, <a href="/wiki/Higginson_Lecture" title="Higginson Lecture">Higginson Lecture</a> at <a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton institute">Hamilton institute</a> inaugural lecture.</li> <li>2003, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Royal Academy of Engineering">Royal Academy of Engineering</a>/<a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a> Joint lecture in Edinburgh,</li> <li>2003, <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> (UK) Annual Lecture in London; <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> International Science and Technology Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004, <a href="/wiki/Woolmer_Lecture" title="Woolmer Lecture">Woolmer Lecture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics_and_Engineering_in_Medicine" title="Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine">Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">University of York</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> Lecture (Westminster).</li> <li>2005, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> Lecture in Potsdam, Germany</li> <li>2006, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Price_Memorial_Lecture" title="Bernard Price Memorial Lecture">Bernard Price Memorial Lecture</a> tour in South Africa; <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Institution of Mechanical Engineers">Institution of Mechanical Engineers</a> Prestige Lecture in London.</li> <li>2007, <a href="/wiki/Techfest" title="Techfest">Techfest</a> plenary lecture in Mumbai; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kshitij_(festival)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kshitij (festival) (page does not exist)">Kshitij</a> keynote in Kharagpur (India); Engineer Techfest plenary lecture in <a href="/wiki/NITK" class="mw-redirect" title="NITK">NITK</a> Surathkal (India); Annual Science Faculty lecture at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">University of Leicester</a>; Graduate School in Physical Sciences and Engineering Annual Lecture, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a>.</li> <li>2008, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Oliver_Oration" title="Leslie Oliver Oration">Leslie Oliver Oration</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Hospital" title="Queen's Hospital">Queen's Hospital</a>; <a href="/wiki/Techkriti" title="Techkriti">Techkriti</a> keynote in Kanpur.</li> <li>2008, <a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">Katholieke Universiteit Leuven</a>, guest lecture "Four weddings and a Funeral" for the Microsoft Research Chair.</li> <li>2009, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a>, 125th Anniversary Lecture; Orwell Society, <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon University</a> launch of Research Institute for Innovation Design and Sustainability (IDEAS)<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011, <a href="/wiki/Ellison-Cliffe_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellison-Cliffe Lecture">Ellison-Cliffe Lecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Medicine" title="Royal Society of Medicine">Royal Society of Medicine</a>; Inaugural research conference keynote, <a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012, IET <a href="/wiki/Pinkerton_Lecture" title="Pinkerton Lecture">Pinkerton Lecture</a>, Bangalore.;<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a> UKRI 50 years Anniversary Lecture, Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014, Sir <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cairns_(surgeon)" title="Hugh Cairns (surgeon)">Hugh Cairns</a> Memorial Lecture, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_British_Neurological_Surgeons" title="Society of British Neurological Surgeons">Society of British Neurological Surgeons</a>, London.; Invited Keynote, BCS-SGAI International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016, Launch of Wales Festival of Innovation, Cardiff.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017, <a href="/wiki/Paul_B._Baltes_Lecture" title="Paul B. Baltes Lecture">Paul B. Baltes Lecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin-Brandenburg_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities">Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Warwick is a regular presenter at the annual <a href="/wiki/Careers_Scotland_Space_School" title="Careers Scotland Space School">Careers Scotland Space School</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">University of Strathclyde</a>. </p><p>He appeared at the 2009 <a href="/wiki/World_Science_Festival" title="World Science Festival">World Science Festival</a><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Mary_McDonnell" title="Mary McDonnell">Mary McDonnell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Bostrom" title="Nick Bostrom">Nick Bostrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith_Salie" title="Faith Salie">Faith Salie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hod_Lipson" title="Hod Lipson">Hod Lipson</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Complex-adaptive-system.jpg/32px-Complex-adaptive-system.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Complex-adaptive-system.jpg/48px-Complex-adaptive-system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Complex-adaptive-system.jpg/64px-Complex-adaptive-system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Systems_science" title="Portal:Systems science">Systems science portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Avatar Project">Avatar Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Brain–computer interface">Brain–computer interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_antenna" title="Cyborg antenna">Cyborg antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EyeTap" title="EyeTap">EyeTap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinder_(biohacking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grinder (biohacking)">Grinder (biohacking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stelarc" title="Stelarc">Stelarc</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Intelligent_Machines" title="The Age of Intelligent Machines">The Age of Intelligent Machines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cannon" title="Tim Cannon">Tim Cannon</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Warwick&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-whoswho-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U42160">"WARWICK, Prof. Kevin"</a>. <i>Who's Who 2014, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2014; online edn, Oxford University Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who%27s+Who+2014%2C+A+%26+C+Black%2C+an+imprint+of+Bloomsbury+Publishing+plc%2C+2014%3B+online+edn%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft.atitle=WARWICK%2C+Prof.+Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU42160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-googlescholar-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-googlescholar_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TfTyMZQAAAAJ">Kevin Warwick</a> publications indexed by <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=142578">Kevin Warwick</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cyborg1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cyborg1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cyborg1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/07/26/captain_cyborg_gong">Captain Cyborg accepts another degree from puny humans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190820230752/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/07/26/captain_cyborg_gong">Archived</a> 20 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Register</i>, 26 July 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cyborg2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cyborg2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cyborg2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231827/https://beta.slashdot.org/story/192321">"Captain Cyborg Is Back! Kevin Warwick Predicts the Future"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slashdot" title="Slashdot">Slashdot</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.slashdot.org/story/192321">the original</a> on 14 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slashdot&rft.atitle=Captain+Cyborg+Is+Back%21+Kevin+Warwick+Predicts+the+Future&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.slashdot.org%2Fstory%2F192321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cyborg3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cyborg3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cyborg3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2004/apr/29/badscience.science">The Return of Captain Cyborg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210524065633/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2004/apr/29/badscience.science">Archived</a> 24 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 29 April 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cyborg4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cyborg4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forms.theregister.co.uk/search/?q=captain+cyborg">List of articles mentioning "Captain Cyborg"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060618014445/http://forms.theregister.co.uk/search/?q=captain+cyborg">Archived</a> 18 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CoventryUni-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CoventryUni_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CoventryUni_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coventry.ac.uk/primary-news/new-deputy-vice-chancellor-for-research-at-coventry-university">"New Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Research at Coventry University"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a></i>. 20 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613144441/https://www.coventry.ac.uk/primary-news/new-deputy-vice-chancellor-for-research-at-coventry-university/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coventry+University&rft.atitle=New+Deputy+Vice-Chancellor+for+Research+at+Coventry+University&rft.date=2013-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coventry.ac.uk%2Fprimary-news%2Fnew-deputy-vice-chancellor-for-research-at-coventry-university&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelgadoKambhampatiWarwick1995" class="citation journal cs1">Delgado, A.; Kambhampati, C.; Warwick, K. (1995). "Dynamic recurrent neural network for system identification and control". <i>IEE Proceedings - Control Theory and Applications</i>. <b>142</b> (4): 307. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1049%2Fip-cta%3A19951873">10.1049/ip-cta:19951873</a> (inactive 7 December 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEE+Proceedings+-+Control+Theory+and+Applications&rft.atitle=Dynamic+recurrent+neural+network+for+system+identification+and+control&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=307&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1049%2Fip-cta%3A19951873&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Kambhampati%2C+C.&rft.au=Warwick%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_December_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhuWarwickDouce1991" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu, Q. M.; Warwick, K.; Douce, J. L. (1991). "Adaptive general predictive controller for nonlinear systems". <i>IEE Proceedings D - Control Theory and Applications</i>. <b>138</b>: 33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1049%2Fip-d.1991.0005">10.1049/ip-d.1991.0005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEE+Proceedings+D+-+Control+Theory+and+Applications&rft.atitle=Adaptive+general+predictive+controller+for+nonlinear+systems&rft.volume=138&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1049%2Fip-d.1991.0005&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Q.+M.&rft.au=Warwick%2C+K.&rft.au=Douce%2C+J.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localhistories.org/keresley.html">"A History of Keresley, Coventry"</a>. 14 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802202504/http://www.localhistories.org/keresley.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Keresley%2C+Coventry&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localhistories.org%2Fkeresley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarwick2004" class="citation book cs1">Warwick, Kevin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ya1yGJOapMC&q=%22Methodist%22"><i>I, Cyborg</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252072154" title="Special:BookSources/9780252072154"><bdi>9780252072154</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I%2C+Cyborg&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780252072154&rft.aulast=Warwick&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Ya1yGJOapMC%26q%3D%2522Methodist%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmu.edu/vis/">"Ambient Intelligence Lab (AIL) – Ambient Intelligence"</a>. Cmu.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200610010403/https://www.cmu.edu/vis/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ambient+Intelligence+Lab+%28AIL%29+%E2%80%93+Ambient+Intelligence&rft.pub=Cmu.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmu.edu%2Fvis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727224911/https://humanities.exeter.ac.uk/english/research/centres/intermedia/board/">"English – Centre for Intermedia – Advisory Board"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a> College of Humanities</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanities.exeter.ac.uk/english/research/centres/intermedia/board/">the original</a> on 27 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Exeter+College+of+Humanities&rft.atitle=English+%E2%80%93+Centre+for+Intermedia+%E2%80%93+Advisory+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanities.exeter.ac.uk%2Fenglish%2Fresearch%2Fcentres%2Fintermedia%2Fboard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910044457/http://conferences.theiet.org/pinkerton/speaker/index.cfm">"The Pinkerton Lecture 2012"</a>. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conferences.theiet.org/pinkerton/speaker/index.cfm">the original</a> on 10 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Pinkerton+Lecture+2012&rft.pub=The+Institution+of+Engineering+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconferences.theiet.org%2Fpinkerton%2Fspeaker%2Findex.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327175629/http://rigb.org/docs/christmas_lecturers_18252013_0.pdf">Complete list of CHRISTMAS LECTURES</a>. The Royal Institution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarwick1981" class="citation journal cs1">Warwick, K. (1981). "Self-tuning regulators—a state space approach". <i>International Journal of Control</i>. <b>33</b> (5): 839. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00207178108922958">10.1080/00207178108922958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Control&rft.atitle=Self-tuning+regulators%E2%80%94a+state+space+approach&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=839&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00207178108922958&rft.aulast=Warwick&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarwick1990" class="citation journal cs1">Warwick, K. (1990). "Relationship between åström control and the kalman linear regulator—caines revisited". <i>Optimal Control Applications and Methods</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Foca.4660110304">10.1002/oca.4660110304</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Optimal+Control+Applications+and+Methods&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+%C3%A5str%C3%B6m+control+and+the+kalman+linear+regulator%E2%80%94caines+revisited&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=223&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Foca.4660110304&rft.aulast=Warwick&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarwick1983" class="citation journal cs1">Warwick, K. (1983). "Using the Cayley-Hamilton theorem with N-partitioned matrices". <i>IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control</i>. <b>28</b> (12): 1127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTAC.1983.1103193">10.1109/TAC.1983.1103193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Automatic+Control&rft.atitle=Using+the+Cayley-Hamilton+theorem+with+N-partitioned+matrices&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1127&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTAC.1983.1103193&rft.aulast=Warwick&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warwick, K, Ekwue, A and Aggarwal, R (eds). "Artificial intelligence techniques in power systems", <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Electrical_Engineers" title="Institution of Electrical Engineers">Institution of Electrical Engineers</a> Press, 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutantoWarwick1995" class="citation journal cs1">Sutanto, E.L.; Warwick, K. (1995). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.purpleville.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk:80/rtwebsite/AttackOfTheCybermenDVD.htm">the original</a> on 2 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doctor+Who+Restoration+Team+website+-+Attack+of+the+Cybermen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.purpleville.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk%3A80%2Frtwebsite%2FAttackOfTheCybermenDVD.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03f92qc">"BBC Radio 4 - the Museum of Curiosity, Series 6, Llewellyn, Rocos, Warwick"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102192234/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03f92qc">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Radio+4+-+the+Museum+of+Curiosity%2C+Series+6%2C+Llewellyn%2C+Rocos%2C+Warwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb03f92qc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b040hzys">"BBC Radio 4 - Midweek, Sir Roger Bannister, Prof Kevin Warwick, Rachael Stirling, Diana Darke"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127042904/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b040hzys">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Radio+4+-+Midweek%2C+Sir+Roger+Bannister%2C+Prof+Kevin+Warwick%2C+Rachael+Stirling%2C+Diana+Darke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb040hzys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warwick, K: "I, Cyborg", University of Illinois Press, 2004, p 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBushko2000" class="citation book cs1">Bushko, Renata G., ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Happy%2C+a+Reading+University+robot&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fahistoryoftheworld%2Fobjects%2F0-6sufjRSnGw70a2l2TuvQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warwick, K: "I, Cyborg", University of Illinois Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016003426/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CWU/is_/ai_56752397">"-BA criticised over denying boarding to robotic cat"</a>. <i>Airline Industry Information</i>. 22 October 1999. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Now+then%2C+now+then&rft.date=2007-03-31&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheguide%2Ftvradio%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C2045929%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getreading.co.uk/news/local-news/make-your-robot-home-4278122">"Make your own robot at home"</a>. <i>Berkshire Live</i>. 29 August 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820080523/https://www.getreading.co.uk/news/local-news/make-your-robot-home-4278122">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Berkshire+Live&rft.atitle=Make+your+own+robot+at+home&rft.date=2001-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreading.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fmake-your-robot-home-4278122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doi10.1001/archneur.60.10.1369|noedit-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-doi10.1001/archneur.60.10.1369|noedit_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-doi10.1001/archneur.60.10.1369|noedit_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarwickGassonHuttGoodhew2003" class="citation journal cs1">Warwick, K.; Gasson, M.; Hutt, B.; Goodhew, I.; Kyberd, P.; Andrews, B.; Teddy, P.; Shad, A. 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"The Application of Implant Technology for Cybernetic Systems". <i>Archives of Neurology</i>. <b>60</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">1369–</span>73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchneur.60.10.1369">10.1001/archneur.60.10.1369</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14568806">14568806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Neurology&rft.atitle=The+Application+of+Implant+Technology+for+Cybernetic+Systems&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1369-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchneur.60.10.1369&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14568806&rft.aulast=Warwick&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Gasson%2C+M.&rft.au=Hutt%2C+B.&rft.au=Goodhew%2C+I.&rft.au=Kyberd%2C+P.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+B.&rft.au=Teddy%2C+P.&rft.au=Shad%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/professor-has-worlds-first-silicon-chip-implant-1174101.html">"Professor has world's first silicon chip implant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Independent.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.co.uk">Independent.co.uk</a></i>. 25 August 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171015193357/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/professor-has-worlds-first-silicon-chip-implant-1174101.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Professor+has+world%27s+first+silicon+chip+implant&rft.date=1998-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fprofessor-has-worlds-first-silicon-chip-implant-1174101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wired Magazine</i> 8.02 (February 2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.02/warwick.html">'Cyborg 1.0: Interview with Kevin Warwick'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131127154449/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.02/warwick.html">Archived</a> 27 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 25 December 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020323100648/https://www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_550084.html">"Professor becomes world's first cyborg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ananova" title="Ananova">Ananova</a></i>. 22 March 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_550084.html">the original</a> on 23 March 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ananova&rft.atitle=Professor+becomes+world%27s+first+cyborg&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ananova.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fsm_550084.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKevin+Warwick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warwick, K, Hutt, B, Gasson, M and Goodhew, I. 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Bcs-sgai.org (11 December 2014). Retrieved 14 May 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160524164153/http://www.festivalofinnovation.org/event.html?id=271">"Event | Wales Festival of Innovation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.festivalofinnovation.org/event.html?id=271">the original</a> on 24 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 2017) featuring Professor Kevin Warwick</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUd4qv2Qr0A">"Cyborgs: A Personal Story"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217202744/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUd4qv2Qr0A">Archived</a> 17 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Kevin Warwick <a href="/wiki/TEDx" class="mw-redirect" title="TEDx">TEDx</a> talk at Coventry University (2016)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://communities.theiet.org/video/523">"Cyborgs: Ghosts of Christmas Future"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210611232930/https://communities.theiet.org/video/523">Archived</a> 11 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Kevin Warwick lecture (5 December 2013) on <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology">IET</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bcs.org/content-hub/i-cyborg-an-interview-with-prof-kevin-warwick/">"I, Cyborg: An interview with Prof Kevin Warwick"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210611233244/https://www.bcs.org/content-hub/i-cyborg-an-interview-with-prof-kevin-warwick/">Archived</a> 11 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (14 August 2013) on <a href="/wiki/British_Computer_Society" title="British Computer Society">BCS</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b011v1b8">BBC Radio 4 interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612044236/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b011v1b8">Archived</a> 12 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Buerk" title="Michael Buerk">Michael Buerk</a> (14 Jun 2011)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cyborg-10/">Kevin Warwick article</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210524065632/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cyborg-10/">Archived</a> 24 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i> magazine (10 March 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070127021401/http://www.itwales.com/997730.htm">Kevin Warwick interview</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> on <i>IT Wales</i> website (13 December 2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://futurefire.net/2005.01/nonfiction/cyborg.html">"Interview with the Cyborg"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210524065630/http://futurefire.net/2005.01/nonfiction/cyborg.html">Archived</a> 24 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_Fire" title="The Future Fire">The Future Fire</a></i> magazine (2005)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0990120/">Kevin Warwick</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Biocybernetics" title="Biocybernetics">Biological cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_cybernetics" title="Biomedical cybernetics">Biomedical cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biorobotics" title="Biorobotics">Biorobotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosemiotics" title="Biosemiotics">Biosemiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Brain–computer interface">Neurocybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_theory" title="Catastrophe theory">Catastrophe theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_neuroscience" title="Computational neuroscience">Computational neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connectionism" title="Connectionism">Connectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_theory" title="Control theory">Control theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_theory" title="Conversation theory">Conversation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cybernetics in the Soviet Union">Cybernetics in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_theory" title="Decision theory">Decision theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergence" title="Emergence">Emergence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_cybernetics" title="Engineering cybernetics">Engineering cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_theory" title="Information theory">Information theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_cybernetics" title="Management cybernetics">Management cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cybernetics" title="Medical cybernetics">Medical cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-order_cybernetics" title="Second-order cybernetics">Second-order cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersemiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybersemiotics">Cybersemiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocybernetics" title="Sociocybernetics">Sociocybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synergetics_(Haken)" title="Synergetics (Haken)">Synergetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberneticist" title="Cyberneticist">Cyberneticians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lerner" title="Alexander Lerner">Alexander Lerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Lyapunov" title="Alexey Lyapunov">Alexey Lyapunov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Radcliffe-Brown" title="Alfred Radcliffe-Brown">Alfred Radcliffe-Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenna_Leonard" title="Allenna Leonard">Allenna Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wilden" title="Anthony Wilden">Anthony Wilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller" title="Buckminster Fuller">Buckminster Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_(systems_scientist)" title="Charles François (systems scientist)">Charles François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Bell" title="Genevieve Bell">Genevieve Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Boden" title="Margaret Boden">Margaret Boden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bernard" title="Claude Bernard">Claude Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Joslyn" title="Cliff Joslyn">Cliff Joslyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Holst" title="Erich von Holst">Erich von Holst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Glasersfeld" title="Ernst von Glasersfeld">Ernst von Glasersfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Heylighen" title="Francis Heylighen">Francis Heylighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Varela" title="Francisco Varela">Francisco Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Vester" title="Frederic Vester">Frederic Vester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Vickers" title="Geoffrey Vickers">Charles Geoffrey Vickers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Pask" title="Gordon Pask">Gordon Pask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_S._Brown" title="Gordon S. Brown">Gordon S. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster" title="Heinz von Foerster">Heinz von Foerster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberto_Maturana" title="Humberto Maturana">Humberto Maturana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._A._Richards" title="I. A. Richards">I. A. Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Aleksander" title="Igor Aleksander">Igor Aleksander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacque_Fresco" title="Jacque Fresco">Jacque Fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Johann_von_Uexk%C3%BCll" title="Jakob Johann von Uexküll">Jakob von Uexküll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Jixuan_Hu" title="Jason Jixuan Hu">Jason Jixuan Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Wright_Forrester" title="Jay Wright Forrester">Jay Wright Forrester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Wilby" title="Jennifer Wilby">Jennifer Wilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_N._Warfield" title="John N. Warfield">John N. Warfield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kevin Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Bertalanffy" title="Ludwig von Bertalanffy">Ludwig von Bertalanffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleyka_Abbaszadeh" title="Maleyka Abbaszadeh">Maleyka Abbaszadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Clynes" title="Manfred Clynes">Manfred Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Mazur" title="Marian Mazur">Marian Mazur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Katherine_Hayles" title="N. Katherine Hayles">N. Katherine Hayles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Bekhtereva" title="Natalia Bekhtereva">Natalia Bekhtereva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Niklas Luhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Grigorenko" title="Petro Grigorenko">Pyotr Grigorenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Xuesen" title="Qian Xuesen">Qian Xuesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Glanville" title="Ranulph Glanville">Ranulph Glanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trappl" title="Robert Trappl">Robert Trappl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_P._Kurdyumov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei P. Kurdyumov">Sergei P. Kurdyumov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Beer" title="Stafford Beer">Anthony Stafford Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Kauffman" title="Stuart Kauffman">Stuart Kauffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Umpleby" title="Stuart Umpleby">Stuart Umpleby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcott_Parsons" title="Talcott Parsons">Talcott Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulla_Mitzdorf" title="Ulla Mitzdorf">Ulla Mitzdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Turchin" title="Valentin Turchin">Valentin Turchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentino_Braitenberg" title="Valentino Braitenberg">Valentin Braitenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Ross_Ashby" title="W. Ross Ashby">William Ross Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bradford_Cannon" title="Walter Bradford Cannon">Walter Bradford Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pitts" title="Walter Pitts">Walter Pitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Sturgis_McCulloch" title="Warren Sturgis McCulloch">Warren McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grey_Walter" title="William Grey Walter">William Grey Walter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Systems_science494" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Systems_science" title="Template:Systems science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Systems_science" title="Template talk:Systems science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Systems_science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Systems science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Systems_science494" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Systems_science" title="Systems science">Systems science</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/System" title="System">System</a><br />types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_system" title="Biological system">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_system" title="Complex system">Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupled_human%E2%80%93environment_system" title="Coupled human–environment system">Coupled human–environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_system" title="Information system">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-agent_system" title="Multi-agent system">Multi-agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">Nervous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recommender_system" title="Recommender system">Recommender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_system" title="Social system">Social</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doubling_time" title="Doubling time">Doubling time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_leverage_points" title="Twelve leverage points">Leverage points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limiting_factor" title="Limiting factor">Limiting factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_feedback" title="Negative feedback">Negative feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_feedback" title="Positive feedback">Positive feedback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theoretical<br />fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_theory" title="Control theory">Control theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_system_science" title="Earth system science">Earth system science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_systems" title="Living systems">Living systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociotechnical_system" title="Sociotechnical system">Sociotechnical system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemics" title="Systemics">Systemics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_metabolism" title="Urban metabolism">Urban metabolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World-systems_theory" title="World-systems theory">World-systems theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems_analysis" title="Systems analysis">Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_biology" title="Systems biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_dynamics" title="System dynamics">Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_ecology" title="Systems ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_neuroscience" title="Systems neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_pharmacology" title="Systems pharmacology">Pharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_philosophy" title="Systems philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_psychology" title="Systems psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory" title="Systems theory">Theory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Systems_thinking" title="Systems thinking">Systems thinking</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_scientists" title="List of systems scientists">Scientists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_L._Ackoff" title="Russell L. Ackoff">Russell L. Ackoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Aladjev" title="Victor Aladjev">Victor Aladjev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ross_Ashby" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ross Ashby">William Ross Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzena_Bajcsy" title="Ruzena Bajcsy">Ruzena Bajcsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_H._B%C3%A1n%C3%A1thy" title="Béla H. Bánáthy">Béla H. Bánáthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Stafford_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Stafford Beer">Anthony Stafford Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Bellman" title="Richard E. Bellman">Richard E. Bellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Bertalanffy" title="Ludwig von Bertalanffy">Ludwig von Bertalanffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Boden" title="Margaret Boden">Margaret Boden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bogdanov" title="Alexander Bogdanov">Alexander Bogdanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth E. Boulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bowen" title="Murray Bowen">Murray Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Carley" title="Kathleen Carley">Kathleen Carley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cartwright" title="Mary Cartwright">Mary Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._West_Churchman" title="C. West Churchman">C. West Churchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Clynes" title="Manfred Clynes">Manfred Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger W. Dijkstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Emery" title="Fred Emery">Fred Emery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster" title="Heinz von Foerster">Heinz von Foerster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Forrest" title="Stephanie Forrest">Stephanie Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Wright_Forrester" title="Jay Wright Forrester">Jay Wright Forrester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_J._Grosz" title="Barbara J. Grosz">Barbara Grosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._S._Hall" title="Charles A. S. Hall">Charles A. S. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Jackson_(systems_scientist)" title="Mike Jackson (systems scientist)">Mike Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Kavraki" title="Lydia Kavraki">Lydia Kavraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Kay" title="James J. Kay">James J. Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faina_Mihajlovna_Kirillova" class="mw-redirect" title="Faina Mihajlovna Kirillova">Faina M. Kirillova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Klir" title="George Klir">George Klir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenna_Leonard" title="Allenna Leonard">Allenna Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Norton_Lorenz" title="Edward Norton Lorenz">Edward Norton Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Niklas Luhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberto_Maturana" title="Humberto Maturana">Humberto Maturana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donella_Meadows" title="Donella Meadows">Donella Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihajlo_D._Mesarovic" title="Mihajlo D. Mesarovic">Mihajlo D. Mesarovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Grier_Miller" title="James Grier Miller">James Grier Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhika_Nagpal" title="Radhika Nagpal">Radhika Nagpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_T._Odum" title="Howard T. Odum">Howard T. Odum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcott_Parsons" title="Talcott Parsons">Talcott Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Xuesen" title="Qian Xuesen">Qian Xuesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatol_Rapoport" title="Anatol Rapoport">Anatol Rapoport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Seddon" title="John Seddon">John Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Senge" title="Peter Senge">Peter Senge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katia_Sycara" title="Katia Sycara">Katia Sycara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Trist" title="Eric Trist">Eric Trist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Varela" title="Francisco Varela">Francisco Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuela_M._Veloso" title="Manuela M. Veloso">Manuela M. Veloso</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kevin Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Wilby" title="Jennifer Wilby">Jennifer Wilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wilden" title="Anthony Wilden">Anthony Wilden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory_in_anthropology" title="Systems theory in anthropology">Systems theory in anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory_in_archaeology" title="Systems theory in archaeology">Systems theory in archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory_in_political_science" title="Systems theory in political science">Systems theory in political science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_sciences_organizations" title="List of systems sciences organizations">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principia_Cybernetica" title="Principia Cybernetica">Principia Cybernetica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Systems_theory" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Systems theory">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brain–computer_interface366" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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C. R. Licklider">J. C. R. Licklider</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kevin Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Nagle" title="Matt Nagle">Matt Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Donald" title="Merlin Donald">Merlin Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Nicolelis" title="Miguel Nicolelis">Miguel Nicolelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kyberd" title="Peter Kyberd">Peter Kyberd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Mann_(inventor)" title="Steve Mann (inventor)">Steve Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoky_Matsuoka" title="Yoky Matsuoka">Yoky Matsuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boyden" title="Edward Boyden">Edward Boyden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_reality" title="Extended 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380459#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2660" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124247113">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86009734">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12349898q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12349898q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000605522&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p106050974">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810626665805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007406082805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513170006706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Warwick, K. 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/280578">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124247113">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/03247623X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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