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The Center for Astrophysics is a collaboration between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and Harvard College Observatory that鈥檚 designed to ask big questions about the universe, build the tools needed to answer them, and share the resulting discoveries with the world.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid__col grid__col--6-900 image-bg display--none display--block-900" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2019-04/THEBlackHole.png?itok=3qSaa3no)"></div> </div> <div class="grid grid--no-gutters" data-menu-d="dark"> <div class="grid__col grid__col--6-900"> <div class="image-bg image-bg--stretch image-bg--shade" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/2018-05/03_HP_Hero_GMT.jpg)"></div> </div> <div class="grid__col grid__col--6-900"> <div class="copy-box"> <h2></h2> <div><p class="left-ruled">"The coming decade will be an extremely exciting time for astrophysics with the next generation space- and ground-based telescopes being built and coming on-line. The CfA's strength is the  expertise of its scientists and researchers across the full electromagnetic spectrum from the X-rays through to the radio and sub-mm. This year, we are developing a 10-year scientific strategic plan to answer some of astronomy's biggest questions.  Our work with the Smithsonian to develop nationwide education and outreach programs will bring astronomy to school kids across America."</p> </div> <div class="attribution"> <p>Lisa Kewley, Director</p> <p>Center for Astrophysics</p> </div> </div> <div class="quote-photo"> <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/styles/homepage_quote_attribution_image/public/2022-03/Lisa-Kewley.png?itok=ytW3I7VL"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copy-box" data-menu-d="light"> <h2>Big Questions</h2> <a class="h3 arrow-link" href="/big-questions">See All The Big Questions</a> <ol> <li><a href="/big-questions/does-life-exist-outside-solar-system" hreflang="en">Does life exist outside of the solar system?</a></li> <li><a href="/big-questions/how-do-stars-and-planets-form-and-evolve" hreflang="en">How do stars and planets form and evolve?</a></li> <li><a href="/big-questions/what-do-black-holes-look" hreflang="en">What do black holes look like?</a></li> <li><a href="/big-questions/what-universe-made" hreflang="en">What is the universe made of?</a></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div id="cell" data-research-topics="[{"id":"345","image":"https:\/\/www.cfa.harvard.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-03\/NeutronsStarsWhiteDwarfs_Hero-11699084051169908405.jpg","title":"Neutron Stars and White Dwarfs","link":"https:\/\/www.cfa.harvard.edu\/research\/topic\/neutron-stars-and-white-dwarfs","content":"<p dir=\"ltr\">When stars die, their fate is determined by how massive they were in life. Stars like our Sun leave behind white dwarfs: Earth-size remnants of the original star\u2019s core. More massive stars explode as supernovas, while their cores collapse into neutron stars: ultra-dense, fast-spinning spheres made of the same ingredients as the nucleus of an atom. At least some neutron stars are pulsars, which produce powerful beams of light, which as they sweep across our view from Earth look like extremely regular flashes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Small as they are, the deaths of these compact objects change the chemistry of the universe. The supernova explosions of white dwarfs and the collisions of neutron stars create new elements on the periodic table. For all these reasons, white dwarfs and neutron stars are important laboratories for physics at the extremes of strong gravity, density, and temperature.<\/p>\r\n"},{"id":"372","image":"https:\/\/www.cfa.harvard.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-03\/PlanetaryNebulas_Hero-744291110744291110.jpg","title":"Planetary Nebulas","link":"https:\/\/www.cfa.harvard.edu\/research\/topic\/planetary-nebulas","content":"<p>When a star like our Sun dies, it doesn\u2019t explode into a supernova or collapse into a black hole. Instead, it gently sheds its outer layers, which form a beautiful cloud called a \u201cplanetary nebula\u201d, while the dying star\u2019s core becomes a white <a href=\"\/research\/topic\/neutron-stars-and-white-dwarfs\">dwarf<\/a>. Gravity and other influences shape the cloud into interesting patterns, and the complex chemicals inside the nebula glow in interesting colors when lit by the white dwarf. As a result, we often name planetary nebulas for the way they look to us: the Ring Nebula, the Dumbbell Nebula, the Stingray Nebula, and so forth.<\/p>\r\n"}]" :class="extraGlobalClass"> <div class="navlock"> <div class="copy-box"> <h2>Research Topics</h2> <a href="/research" class="arrow-link h3">See all research topics</a> </div> </div> <div class="cell-viewport" v-if="cells.length"> <div class="cell-cell" v-for="(cell, index) in cells" :style="{transform: 'translateX(' + (index * 100 + additiveOffset) + '%)'}"> <div class="cell-bg" :style="'background-image: url(' + cell.image + ')'"></div> </div> <div class="cell-prev" v-on:click="prevOne()" role="button" tabindex="1"></div> <div class="cell-next" v-on:click="nextOne()" role="button" tabindex="1"></div> <div class="bubbles"> <div v-on:click="selectOne(index)" :style="'background-image: url(' + cell.image + ')'" v-for="(cell, index) in cells" v-if="index >=0 && index < cells.length - 2"></div> </div> <div class="cell-copy"> <div class="h3" v-html="cells[activeIndex + 1].title"></div> <div v-html="cells[activeIndex + 1].content"></div> <a :href="cells[activeIndex + 1].link" class="h3 arrow-link">Learn More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-height" data-menu-m="light" data-menu-d="light"> <div class="navlock navlock--partial-height"> <div class="copy-box"> <h2>Discover the Center for Astrophysics</h2> </div> <div class="hypergrid"> <div class="grid grid--no-gutters"> <div class="grid__col grid__col--6-500 grid__col--4-1200 grid__col--3-1800 "> <a href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/big-questions/what-do-black-holes-look" class="hypergrid__interior paragraph paragraph--type--hyper-grid-item paragraph--view-mode--default hypergrid__interior--has-photo"> <div class="hypergrid__photo" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2019-04/THEBlackHole.png?itok=PelqHSG9)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__photo hypergrid__photo--blur" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2019-04/THEBlackHole.png?itok=PelqHSG9)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__content"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__brace"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__label">Big Question</div> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__title">What do black holes look like?</div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid__col grid__col--6-500 grid__col--4-1200 grid__col--3-1800 "> <a href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/people/sara-issaoun" class="hypergrid__interior paragraph paragraph--type--hyper-grid-item paragraph--view-mode--default hypergrid__interior--has-photo"> <div class="hypergrid__photo" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2022-03/Sara-Issaoun.jpg?itok=EoqumonK)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__photo hypergrid__photo--blur" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2022-03/Sara-Issaoun.jpg?itok=EoqumonK)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__content"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__brace"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__label">Meet the Scientist</div> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__title">Sara Issaoun</div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid__col grid__col--6-500 grid__col--4-1200 grid__col--3-1800"> <a href="/current-night-sky" class="hypergrid__interior"> <div class="hypergrid__content hypergrid__content--white"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__vc__outline"></div> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__vc">Current Night Sky</div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid__col grid__col--6-500 grid__col--4-1200 grid__col--3-1800 "> <a href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/tempo-air-pollution-sensor-treks-toward-satellite-integration" class="hypergrid__interior paragraph paragraph--type--hyper-grid-item paragraph--view-mode--default hypergrid__interior--has-photo"> <div class="hypergrid__photo" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2021-05/21-04510-TEMPO_Preship_BPWjpg_lores_0.jpg?itok=re7q01bv)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__photo hypergrid__photo--blur" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2021-05/21-04510-TEMPO_Preship_BPWjpg_lores_0.jpg?itok=re7q01bv)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__content"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__brace"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__label">Featured News</div> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__title">TEMPO Air Pollution Sensor Treks Toward Satellite Integration</div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid__col grid__col--6-500 grid__col--4-1200 grid__col--3-1800 "> <a href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/astrophysics-data-system-ads" class="hypergrid__interior paragraph paragraph--type--hyper-grid-item paragraph--view-mode--default hypergrid__interior--has-photo"> <div class="hypergrid__photo" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2019-05/AstrophysicsDataSystem_Hero.jpg?itok=q_BoSnG_)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__photo hypergrid__photo--blur" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2019-05/AstrophysicsDataSystem_Hero.jpg?itok=q_BoSnG_)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__content"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__brace"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__label">Research Project</div> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__title">Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid__col grid__col--6-500 grid__col--4-1200 grid__col--3-1800 "> <a href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/youthastronet" class="hypergrid__interior paragraph paragraph--type--hyper-grid-item paragraph--view-mode--default hypergrid__interior--has-photo"> <div class="hypergrid__photo" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2020-05/YouthAstroNet_Hero.png?itok=_bmgTR-Z)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__photo hypergrid__photo--blur" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2020-05/YouthAstroNet_Hero.png?itok=_bmgTR-Z)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__content"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__brace"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__label">Research Project</div> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__title">YouthAstroNet</div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid__col grid__col--6-500 grid__col--4-1200 grid__col--3-1800 "> <a href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/people/sheperd-doeleman" class="hypergrid__interior paragraph paragraph--type--hyper-grid-item paragraph--view-mode--default hypergrid__interior--has-photo"> <div class="hypergrid__photo" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2021-03/shep-doeleman-20180209-1.jpg?itok=TV0Ksvam)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__photo hypergrid__photo--blur" style="background-image: url(https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/styles/grid_image/public/2021-03/shep-doeleman-20180209-1.jpg?itok=TV0Ksvam)"></div> <div class="hypergrid__content"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__brace"> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__label">Meet the Scientist</div> <div class="hypergrid__content__interior__title">Sheperd Doeleman</div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div 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