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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantestudines" title="Pantestudines – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pantestudines" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantestudines" title="Pantestudines – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pantestudines" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="همه‌لاک‌پشتان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="همه‌لاک‌پشتان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantestudines" title="Pantestudines – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pantestudines" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantestudines" title="Pantestudines – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pantestudines" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantestudines" title="Pantestudines – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pantestudines" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantestudines" title="Pantestudines – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Pantestudines" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantestudines" title="Pantestudines – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pantestudines" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantestudines" title="Pantestudines – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pantestudines" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li 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In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pantestudines" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pantestudines" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20220074" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div 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Triassic">Middle Triassic</a> - <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">240–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:130.03692307692px; width:89.963076923077px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:138.76923076923px; width:81.230769230769px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:139.76923076923px; width:79.230769230769px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span> <small>Possible mid-Permian record<sup id="cite_ref-pappochelys2015_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pappochelys2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Odontochelys_semitestacea_433.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Odontochelys_semitestacea_433.jpg/240px-Odontochelys_semitestacea_433.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Odontochelys_semitestacea_433.jpg/360px-Odontochelys_semitestacea_433.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Odontochelys_semitestacea_433.jpg/480px-Odontochelys_semitestacea_433.jpg 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="471" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Fossil specimen of <i><a href="/wiki/Odontochelys_semitestacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontochelys semitestacea">Odontochelys semitestacea</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Pantestudines" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archelosauria" title="Archelosauria">Archelosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pantestudines</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Walter_G._Joyce" title="Walter G. Joyce">Joyce</a> & <a href="/wiki/James_Ford_Parham" title="James Ford Parham">Parham</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gauthier" title="Jacques Gauthier">Gauthier</a>, 2004</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subgroups </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Acerosodontosaurus" title="Acerosodontosaurus">Acerosodontosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Claudiosaurus" title="Claudiosaurus">Claudiosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Sauropterygia" title="Sauropterygia">Sauropterygia</a>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Saurosphargidae" title="Saurosphargidae">Saurosphargidae</a>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eunotosaurus" title="Eunotosaurus">Eunotosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pappochelys" title="Pappochelys">Pappochelys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eorhynchochelys" title="Eorhynchochelys">Eorhynchochelys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Odontochelys" title="Odontochelys">Odontochelys</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testudinata" title="Testudinata">Testudinata</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Pantestudines</b> or <b>Pan-Testudines</b> is the proposed group of all <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a> more closely related to <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtles</a> than to any other living animal. It includes both modern turtles (<a href="/wiki/Crown_group" title="Crown group">crown group</a> turtles, also known as Testudines) and all of their extinct relatives (also known as <a href="/wiki/Stem-group" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem-group">stem</a>-turtles).<sup id="cite_ref-pantestudines_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pantestudines-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pantestudines with a complete shell are placed in the clade <a href="/wiki/Testudinata" title="Testudinata">Testudinata</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantestudines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The identity of the ancestors and closest relatives of the turtle lineage was a longstanding scientific mystery, though new discoveries and better analyses in the early 21st century began to clarify turtle relationships. They had frequently been considered relatives of the <a href="/wiki/Captorhinidae" title="Captorhinidae">captorhinids</a>, which also possessed an <a href="/wiki/Anapsid" title="Anapsid">anapsid</a> skull configuration. Later, the consensus shifted towards Testudinata's placement within <a href="/wiki/Parareptilia" title="Parareptilia">Parareptilia</a>, another "anapsid" clade.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Analysis of fossil data has shown that turtles are likely <a href="/wiki/Diapsid" title="Diapsid">diapsid</a> reptiles, most closely related either to the <a href="/wiki/Archosaur" title="Archosaur">archosaurs</a> (crocodiles, bird, and relatives) or the <a href="/wiki/Lepidosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepidosaur">lepidosaurs</a> (lizards, tuatara, and relatives). An early proponent of this scenario was <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stephen_Goodrich" title="Edwin Stephen Goodrich">Goodrich</a> (1916), who defended a diapsid origin of turtles based on morphological evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genetic analysis strongly favors the hypothesis that turtles are the closest relatives of the archosaurs, though studies using only fossil evidence often continue to recover them as relatives of lepidosaurs or as non-diapsids. Studies using only fossils, as well as studies using a combination of fossil and genetic evidence, both suggest that <a href="/wiki/Sauropterygia" title="Sauropterygia">sauropterygians</a>, the group of prehistoric marine reptiles including the <a href="/wiki/Plesiosaur" title="Plesiosaur">plesiosaurs</a> and the often superficially turtle-like <a href="/wiki/Placodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Placodont">placodonts</a>, are themselves stem-turtles.<sup id="cite_ref-pappochelys2015_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pappochelys2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This hypothesis had been previously investigated in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lee (2001) found that forcing the turtle group to cluster with archosauromorphs resulted in <a href="/wiki/Rhynchosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchosaur">Rhynchosauria</a> becoming Testudinata's sister clade. Forcing a relationship with lepidosaurs resulted in turtles being close relatives of sauropterygians within Lepidosauromorpha. The anapsid hypothesis was still better supported, although an archosauromorph affinity could not be rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although morphology-based analyses usually do not support a turtle-archosaur clade (<a href="/wiki/Archelosauria" title="Archelosauria">Archelosauria</a>), Bhullar & Bever (2009) identified a laterosphenoid bone, typical of <a href="/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes">Archosauriformes</a>, in the stem-turtle <i><a href="/wiki/Proganochelys" title="Proganochelys">Proganochelys</a></i>. It may serve as a synapomorphy for this proposed clade.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cladogram shown below follows the most likely result found by an analysis of turtle relationships using both fossil and genetic evidence by M.S. Lee, in 2013. This study found <i><a href="/wiki/Eunotosaurus" title="Eunotosaurus">Eunotosaurus</a></i>, usually regarded as a turtle relative, may be only very distantly related to turtles in the clade <a href="/wiki/Parareptilia" title="Parareptilia">Parareptilia</a>. However, Lee also discusses other possibilities, including a potential compatibility between the parareptile and archosaur affinities.<sup id="cite_ref-scaffold2013_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scaffold2013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Sauria" title="Sauria">Sauria</a>  (=<a href="/wiki/Ankylopoda" title="Ankylopoda">Ankylopoda</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Lepidosauromorpha" title="Lepidosauromorpha">Lepidosauromorpha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lepidosauria" title="Lepidosauria">Lepidosauria</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a> with <a href="/wiki/Archelosauria" title="Archelosauria">Archelosauria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Choristodera" title="Choristodera">Choristodera</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Trilophosaurus" title="Trilophosaurus">Trilophosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosauria" title="Rhynchosauria">Rhynchosauria</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes">Archosauriformes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Pantestudines </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eosauropterygia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eosauropterygia">Eosauropterygia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Placodontia" title="Placodontia">Placodontia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sinosaurosphargis" title="Sinosaurosphargis">Sinosaurosphargis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Odontochelys" title="Odontochelys">Odontochelys</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Testudinata" title="Testudinata">Testudinata</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Proganochelys" title="Proganochelys">Proganochelys</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Testudines" class="mw-redirect" title="Testudines">Testudines</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The cladogram below follows the most likely result found by another analysis of turtle relationships, this one using only fossil evidence, published by Rainer Schoch and Hans-Dieter Sues in 2015. This study found <i>Eunotosaurus</i> to be an actual early stem-turtle, though other versions of the analysis found weak support for it as a parareptile.<sup id="cite_ref-pappochelys2015_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pappochelys2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Sauria" title="Sauria">Sauria</a>  (=<a href="/wiki/Archelosauria" title="Archelosauria">Archelosauria</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Archosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archosauria">Archosauria</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Lepidosauromorpha" title="Lepidosauromorpha">Lepidosauromorpha</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ankylopoda" title="Ankylopoda">Ankylopoda</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Kuehneosauridae" title="Kuehneosauridae">Kuehneosauridae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Lepidosauria" title="Lepidosauria">Lepidosauria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Squamata" title="Squamata">Squamata</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rhynchocephalia" title="Rhynchocephalia">Rhynchocephalia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Pantestudines </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><div style="display:inline" class="nowrap"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Sauropterygia" title="Sauropterygia">Sauropterygia</a></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eosauropterygia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eosauropterygia">Eosauropterygia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sinosaurosphargis" title="Sinosaurosphargis">Sinosaurosphargis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Placodontia" title="Placodontia">Placodontia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eunotosaurus" title="Eunotosaurus">Eunotosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pappochelys" title="Pappochelys">Pappochelys</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Odontochelys" title="Odontochelys">Odontochelys</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Testudinata" title="Testudinata">Testudinata</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Proganochelys" title="Proganochelys">Proganochelys</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Testudines" class="mw-redirect" title="Testudines">Testudines</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Bever <i>et al</i>. (2015) redescribed the skull of <i>Eunotosaurus</i>, identifying a lower temporal fenestra, with a juvenile specimen also having visible upper temporal fenestrae. This instigated a reinterpretation of this taxon as a diapsid instead of an anapsid. Their phylogenetic analyses strongly supported <i>Eunotosaurus'</i>s state as a stem-turtle and the placement of Pantestudines in Diapsida, though they couldn't determine a well-defined position within that clade. Sauropterygia and <i><a href="/wiki/Acerosodontosaurus" title="Acerosodontosaurus">Acerosodontosaurus</a></i> also end up as possible stem-turtles in some of the trees.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benton (2015) compiled 2 synapomorphies of Ankylopoda (which would also include Sauropterygia, <a href="/wiki/Thalattosauria" title="Thalattosauria">Thalattosauria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ichthyosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyosaur">Ichthyosauria</a> close to lepidosaurs): prootic-parietal contact and hooked fifth metatarsal.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Time-calibrated phylogeny recovered by Shaffer <i>et al.</i> (2017) dated the split of Pantestudines from its sister clade (the clade containing archosaurs and all tetrapods more closely related to archosaurs than to any other living animals) to mid-<a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laurin and Piñeiro (2017) placed turtles close to pareiasaurs among parareptiles once more. However, parareptiles were considered derived diapsids in this analysis. The authors interpreted these results as an indication that there might be no conflict between the hypotheses of a parareptilian origin and a diapsid origin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this study was criticised in a response paper, which charged that the matrix the paper used was outdated and did not take into account the previous two decades of literature about parareptiles.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cladogram below follows the analysis of Li <i>et al</i>. (2018). It agrees with the placement of turtles within Diapsida but finds them outside of Sauria (the Lepidosauromorpha + Archosauromorpha clade).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Parareptilia" title="Parareptilia">Parareptilia</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scutosaurus_BW_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Scutosaurus_BW_flipped.jpg/120px-Scutosaurus_BW_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Scutosaurus_BW_flipped.jpg/250px-Scutosaurus_BW_flipped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="301" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Eureptilia" title="Eureptilia">Eureptilia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Captorhinidae" title="Captorhinidae">Captorhinidae</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labidosaurus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Labidosaurus.jpg/80px-Labidosaurus.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Labidosaurus.jpg/120px-Labidosaurus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Labidosaurus.jpg/160px-Labidosaurus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1573" data-file-height="659" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paleothyris" title="Paleothyris">Paleothyris</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paleothyris_02.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Paleothyris_02.png/80px-Paleothyris_02.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Paleothyris_02.png/120px-Paleothyris_02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Paleothyris_02.png/160px-Paleothyris_02.png 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="1162" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Diapsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Diapsida">Diapsida</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Araeoscelidia" title="Araeoscelidia">Araeoscelidia</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrolacosaurus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Petrolacosaurus_BW.jpg/80px-Petrolacosaurus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Petrolacosaurus_BW.jpg/120px-Petrolacosaurus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Petrolacosaurus_BW.jpg/160px-Petrolacosaurus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="313" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Hovasaurus" title="Hovasaurus">Hovasaurus</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hovasaurus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hovasaurus_BW.jpg/120px-Hovasaurus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hovasaurus_BW.jpg/250px-Hovasaurus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="576" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Youngina" title="Youngina">Youngina</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">crown‑group </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Pantestudines</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Acerosodontosaurus" title="Acerosodontosaurus">Acerosodontosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Claudiosaurus" title="Claudiosaurus">Claudiosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eunotosaurus" title="Eunotosaurus">Eunotosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pappochelys" title="Pappochelys">Pappochelys</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg/80px-Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg/120px-Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg/160px-Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1590" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eorhynchochelys" title="Eorhynchochelys">Eorhynchochelys</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eorhynchochelys_NT.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Eorhynchochelys_NT.png/120px-Eorhynchochelys_NT.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Eorhynchochelys_NT.png/250px-Eorhynchochelys_NT.png 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="86" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Odontochelys" title="Odontochelys">Odontochelys</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Testudinata" title="Testudinata">Testudinata</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erp%C3%A9tologie_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale,_ou,_Histoire_naturelle_compl%C3%A8te_des_reptiles_(Centrochelys_sulcata).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Erp%C3%A9tologie_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%2C_ou%2C_Histoire_naturelle_compl%C3%A8te_des_reptiles_%28Centrochelys_sulcata%29.jpg/120px-Erp%C3%A9tologie_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%2C_ou%2C_Histoire_naturelle_compl%C3%A8te_des_reptiles_%28Centrochelys_sulcata%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Erp%C3%A9tologie_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%2C_ou%2C_Histoire_naturelle_compl%C3%A8te_des_reptiles_%28Centrochelys_sulcata%29.jpg/250px-Erp%C3%A9tologie_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%2C_ou%2C_Histoire_naturelle_compl%C3%A8te_des_reptiles_%28Centrochelys_sulcata%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1553" data-file-height="783" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Sauria" title="Sauria">Sauria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes">Archosauriformes</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/80px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/120px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/160px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_(1908)_(Antwerpener_Breiftaube).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/40px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/60px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/120px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="698" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Prolacerta" title="Prolacerta">Prolacerta</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prolacerta_broomi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Prolacerta_broomi.jpg/120px-Prolacerta_broomi.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Prolacerta_broomi.jpg/250px-Prolacerta_broomi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2290" data-file-height="796" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Trilophosaurus" title="Trilophosaurus">Trilophosaurus</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trilophosaurus_buettneri_(flipped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg/120px-Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg/250px-Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1916" data-file-height="428" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosauria" title="Rhynchosauria">Rhynchosauria</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg/80px-Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg/120px-Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg/160px-Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Lepidosauromorpha" title="Lepidosauromorpha">Lepidosauromorpha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Lepidosauria" title="Lepidosauria">Lepidosauria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rhynchocephalia" title="Rhynchocephalia">Rhynchocephalia</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hatteria_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hatteria_white_background.jpg/120px-Hatteria_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hatteria_white_background.jpg/250px-Hatteria_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="177" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Squamata" title="Squamata">Squamata</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_reptiles,_amphibians,_and_fresh-water_fishes_(1920)_(Lacerta_agilis).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/British_reptiles%2C_amphibians%2C_and_fresh-water_fishes_%281920%29_%28Lacerta_agilis%29.jpg/80px-British_reptiles%2C_amphibians%2C_and_fresh-water_fishes_%281920%29_%28Lacerta_agilis%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/British_reptiles%2C_amphibians%2C_and_fresh-water_fishes_%281920%29_%28Lacerta_agilis%29.jpg/120px-British_reptiles%2C_amphibians%2C_and_fresh-water_fishes_%281920%29_%28Lacerta_agilis%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/British_reptiles%2C_amphibians%2C_and_fresh-water_fishes_%281920%29_%28Lacerta_agilis%29.jpg/160px-British_reptiles%2C_amphibians%2C_and_fresh-water_fishes_%281920%29_%28Lacerta_agilis%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2092" data-file-height="644" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Kuehneosauridae" title="Kuehneosauridae">Kuehneosauridae</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Icarosaurus_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Icarosaurus_white_background.jpg/120px-Icarosaurus_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Icarosaurus_white_background.jpg/250px-Icarosaurus_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="579" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eosauropterygia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eosauropterygia">Eosauropterygia</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolichorhynchops_BW_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dolichorhynchops_BW_flipped.jpg/120px-Dolichorhynchops_BW_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dolichorhynchops_BW_flipped.jpg/250px-Dolichorhynchops_BW_flipped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="176" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Placodus" title="Placodus">Placodus</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Placodus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Placodus_BW.jpg/80px-Placodus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Placodus_BW.jpg/120px-Placodus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Placodus_BW.jpg/160px-Placodus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="236" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Saurosphargidae" title="Saurosphargidae">Saurosphargidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Gardner & Van Franken (2020) criticized the analysis by Li <i>et al</i>., citing problems with the data set and observing that their proposed phylogeny was not supported once the issues were corrected.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lichtig & Lucas (2021) proposed <i>Pappochelys</i> was related to sauropterygians, <i>Eunotosaurus</i> was a <a href="/wiki/Caseidae" title="Caseidae">caseid</a> <a href="/wiki/Synapsid" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapsid">synapsid</a>, and turtles were derived pareiasaur parareptiles close to <i><a href="/wiki/Anthodon_(reptile)" title="Anthodon (reptile)">Anthodon</a></i>. According to this hypothesis, the turtle shell evolved from a fusion of the ribs to dorsal osteoderms. <i>Odontocheys</i>, which lacked a carapace, is seen as a highly derived taxon instead of a representative of the ancestral state of turtles.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reliability of the molecular support for Archelosauria was also questioned. Contrary to this opinion, Simões <i>et al</i>. (2022) found morphological support for Archelosauria. In their analysis, <i>Pappochelys</i> is the basalmost stem-turtle but <i>Eunotosaurus</i> is a basal neodiapsid instead of a stem-turtle, parareptile or synapsid.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantestudines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pappochelys2015-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pappochelys2015_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pappochelys2015_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pappochelys2015_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchochSues2015" class="citation journal cs1">Schoch, Rainer R.; Sues, Hans-Dieter (24 June 2015). 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(identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35984885">35984885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Successive+climate+crises+in+the+deep+past+drove+the+early+evolution+and+radiation+of+reptiles&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=eabq1898&rft.date=2022-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9390993%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2375-2548&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35984885&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.abq1898&rft.aulast=Sim%C3%B5es&rft.aufirst=Tiago+R.&rft.au=Kammerer%2C+Christian+F.&rft.au=Caldwell%2C+Michael+W.&rft.au=Pierce%2C+Stephanie+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9390993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APantestudines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style 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href="/wiki/Template:Sauropsida" title="Template:Sauropsida"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sauropsida" title="Template talk:Sauropsida"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sauropsida" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sauropsida"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sauropsida_(Reptilia_sensu_lato)531" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(</span><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><i>sensu lato</i>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Superclass:_Tetrapoda_*_Clade:_Amniota531" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size: 85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Superclass: <a href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">Tetrapoda</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Amniote" title="Amniote">Amniota</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tetrapodomorpha19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tetrapodomorpha" title="Tetrapodomorpha">Tetrapodomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Tetrapodomorpha" title="Template:Tetrapodomorpha">Tetrapodomorpha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reptiliomorpha" title="Reptiliomorpha">Reptiliomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Reptiliomorpha" title="Template:Reptiliomorpha">Reptiliomorpha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Sauropsida531" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sauropsida100" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eunotosaurus" title="Eunotosaurus">Eunotosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Australothyris" title="Australothyris">Australothyris</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Erpetonyx" title="Erpetonyx">Erpetonyx</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Microleter" title="Microleter">Microleter</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Acleistorhinidae" title="Acleistorhinidae">Acleistorhinidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acleistorhinus" title="Acleistorhinus">Acleistorhinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carbonodraco" title="Carbonodraco">Carbonodraco</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colobomycter" title="Colobomycter">Colobomycter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delorhynchus" title="Delorhynchus">Delorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feeserpeton" title="Feeserpeton">Feeserpeton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karutia" title="Karutia">Karutia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klastomycter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klastomycter (page does not exist)">Klastomycter</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Bolosauridae" title="Bolosauridae">Bolosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Belebey_(genus)" title="Belebey (genus)">Belebey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolosaurus" title="Bolosaurus">Bolosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eudibamus" title="Eudibamus">Eudibamus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Mesosaur" title="Mesosaur">Mesosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brazilosaurus" title="Brazilosaurus">Brazilosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesosaurus" title="Mesosaurus">Mesosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stereosternum" title="Stereosternum">Stereosternum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Millerettidae" title="Millerettidae">Millerettidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Broomia" title="Broomia">Broomia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heleophilus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heleophilus (page does not exist)">Heleophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milleretta" title="Milleretta">Milleretta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Millerosaurus" title="Millerosaurus">Millerosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milleropsis" title="Milleropsis">Milleropsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanomilleretta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanomilleretta (page does not exist)">Nanomilleretta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Procolophonia" title="Procolophonia">Procolophonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Procolophonia" title="Template:Procolophonia">Procolophonia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diapsid" title="Diapsid">Diapsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mesosaurus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mesosaurus tenuidens"><img alt="Mesosaurus tenuidens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mesosaurus_BW.jpg/120px-Mesosaurus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mesosaurus_BW.jpg/250px-Mesosaurus_BW.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="603" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milleretta_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Milleretta rubidgei"><img alt="Milleretta rubidgei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Milleretta_BW.jpg/120px-Milleretta_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Milleretta_BW.jpg/250px-Milleretta_BW.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="468" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Diapsida531" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diapsid" title="Diapsid">Diapsida</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Diapsida99" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Diapsid" title="Diapsid">Diapsida</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adelosaurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adelosaurus (page does not exist)">Adelosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Akkedops" title="Akkedops">Akkedops</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Claudiosaurus" title="Claudiosaurus">Claudiosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptovaranoides" title="Cryptovaranoides">Cryptovaranoides</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dolerosaurus" title="Dolerosaurus">Dolerosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Elachistosuchus" title="Elachistosuchus">Elachistosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eunotosaurus" title="Eunotosaurus">Eunotosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Feralisaurus" title="Feralisaurus">Feralisaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galesphyrus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galesphyrus (page does not exist)">Galesphyrus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Heleosuchus" title="Heleosuchus">Heleosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kudnu" title="Kudnu">Kudnu</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lanthanolania" title="Lanthanolania">Lanthanolania</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maiothisavros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maiothisavros (page does not exist)">Maiothisavros</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Microzemiotes" title="Microzemiotes">Microzemiotes</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Orovenator" title="Orovenator">Orovenator</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Palacrodon" title="Palacrodon">Palacrodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeagama" title="Palaeagama">Palaeagama</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Saurosternon" title="Saurosternon">Saurosternon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sphodrosaurus" title="Sphodrosaurus">Sphodrosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Youngina" title="Youngina">Youngina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Tangasauridae" title="Tangasauridae">Tangasauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acerosodontosaurus" title="Acerosodontosaurus">Acerosodontosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hovasaurus" title="Hovasaurus">Hovasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyasaurus" title="Kenyasaurus">Kenyasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tangasaurus" title="Tangasaurus">Tangasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thadeosaurus" title="Thadeosaurus">Thadeosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Weigeltisauridae" title="Weigeltisauridae">Weigeltisauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coelurosauravus" title="Coelurosauravus">Coelurosauravus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glaurung_(reptile)" title="Glaurung (reptile)">Glaurung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rautiania" title="Rautiania">Rautiania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weigeltisaurus" title="Weigeltisaurus">Weigeltisaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Drepanosauromorpha" title="Drepanosauromorpha">Drepanosauromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancistronychus" title="Ancistronychus">Ancistronychus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avicranium" title="Avicranium">Avicranium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolabrosaurus" title="Dolabrosaurus">Dolabrosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drepanosaurus" title="Drepanosaurus">Drepanosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypuronector" title="Hypuronector">Hypuronector</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzsaurus" title="Kyrgyzsaurus">Kyrgyzsaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Longisquama" title="Longisquama">Longisquama</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megalancosaurus" title="Megalancosaurus">Megalancosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protoavis" title="Protoavis">Protoavis</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skybalonyx" title="Skybalonyx">Skybalonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unguinychus" title="Unguinychus">Unguinychus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vallesaurus" title="Vallesaurus">Vallesaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Kuehneosauridae" title="Kuehneosauridae">Kuehneosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Icarosaurus" title="Icarosaurus">Icarosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idiosaura" title="Idiosaura">Idiosaura</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuehneosaurus" title="Kuehneosaurus">Kuehneosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuehneosuchus" title="Kuehneosuchus">Kuehneosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pamelina" title="Pamelina">Pamelina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhabdopelix" title="Rhabdopelix">Rhabdopelix</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Choristodera" title="Choristodera">Choristodera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Choristodera" title="Template:Choristodera">Choristodera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauromorpha" title="Ichthyosauromorpha">Ichthyosauromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Ichthyosauromorpha" title="Template:Ichthyosauromorpha">Ichthyosauromorpha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Sauropterygia" title="Sauropterygia">Sauropterygia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Sauropterygia" title="Template:Sauropterygia">Sauropterygia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Thalattosauria" title="Thalattosauria">Thalattosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Thalattosauria" title="Template:Thalattosauria">Thalattosauria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sauria" title="Sauria">Sauria</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Crown_group" title="Crown group">Crown</a>-<a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lepidosauromorpha" title="Lepidosauromorpha">Lepidosauromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Lepidosauromorpha" title="Template:Lepidosauromorpha">Lepidosauromorpha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Includes <b><a href="/wiki/Lepidosauria" title="Lepidosauria">Lepidosauria</a></b> <ul><li>includes <a href="/wiki/Rhynchocephalia" title="Rhynchocephalia">rhynchocephalians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Squamata" title="Squamata">squamates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archelosauria" title="Archelosauria">Archelosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Archosauromorpha" title="Template:Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Includes <b><a href="/wiki/Archosaur" title="Archosaur">Archosauria</a></b> <ul><li>includes <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crocodilia" title="Crocodilia">crocodilians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pantestudines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Pantestudines" title="Template:Pantestudines">Pantestudines</a></li></ul></li> <li>Includes <b><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Testudines</a></b> <ul><li>turtles</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hovasaurus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hovasaurus boulei"><img alt="Hovasaurus boulei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hovasaurus_BW.jpg/120px-Hovasaurus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hovasaurus_BW.jpg/250px-Hovasaurus_BW.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="576" /></a></span> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weigeltisaurus_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Weigeltisaurus jaekeli"><img alt="Weigeltisaurus jaekeli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weigeltisaurus_reconstruction.png/120px-Weigeltisaurus_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weigeltisaurus_reconstruction.png/250px-Weigeltisaurus_reconstruction.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="939" /></a></span> </p> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Megalancosaurus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Megalancosaurus preonensis"><img alt="Megalancosaurus preonensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Megalancosaurus_BW.jpg/120px-Megalancosaurus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Megalancosaurus_BW.jpg/180px-Megalancosaurus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Megalancosaurus_BW.jpg/240px-Megalancosaurus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="See_also531" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">See also</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Possible sauropsids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araeoscelidia" title="Araeoscelidia">Araeoscelidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captorhinidae" title="Captorhinidae">Captorhinidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protorothyrididae" title="Protorothyrididae">Protorothyrididae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recumbirostra" title="Recumbirostra">Recumbirostra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanopidae" title="Varanopidae">Varanopidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other taxa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anapsid" title="Anapsid">Anapsida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captorhinida" title="Captorhinida">Captorhinida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureptilia" title="Eureptilia">Eureptilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parareptilia" title="Parareptilia">Parareptilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanosuchoidea" title="Lanthanosuchoidea">Lanthanosuchoidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerosauria" title="Millerosauria">Millerosauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procolophonomorpha" title="Procolophonomorpha">Procolophonomorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankyramorpha" title="Ankyramorpha">Ankyramorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neodiapsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodiapsida">Neodiapsida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosuchia" title="Eosuchia">Eosuchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younginiformes" title="Younginiformes">Younginiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younginidae" title="Younginidae">Younginidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicephala" title="Avicephala">Avicephala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eolacertilia" title="Eolacertilia">Eolacertilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euryapsida" title="Euryapsida">Euryapsida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sauropsida" title="Category:Sauropsida">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archosauromorpha451" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archosauromorpha" title="Template:Archosauromorpha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archosauromorpha" title="Template talk:Archosauromorpha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archosauromorpha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archosauromorpha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archosauromorpha451" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Class:_Sauropsida_*_Clade:_Diapsida_*_Clade:_Sauria_*_Clade:_Archelosauria451" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size: 85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Diapsid" title="Diapsid">Diapsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Sauria" title="Sauria">Sauria</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Archelosauria" title="Archelosauria">Archelosauria</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sauropsida14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Sauropsida" title="Template:Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Archosauromorpha451" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Archosauromorpha107" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Aenigmastropheus" title="Aenigmastropheus">Aenigmastropheus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Czatkowiella" title="Czatkowiella">Czatkowiella</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Elachistosuchus" title="Elachistosuchus">Elachistosuchus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Elessaurus" title="Elessaurus">Elessaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Malutinisuchus" title="Malutinisuchus">Malutinisuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Mecistotrachelos" title="Mecistotrachelos">Mecistotrachelos</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Prolacertoides" title="Prolacertoides">Prolacertoides</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Protorosaurus" title="Protorosaurus">Protorosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Rhombopholis" title="Rhombopholis">Rhombopholis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Vritramimosaurus" title="Vritramimosaurus">Vritramimosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Tanysauria" title="Tanysauria">Tanysauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesairosaurus" title="Jesairosaurus">Jesairosaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trachelosauridae" title="Trachelosauridae">Trachelosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Austronaga" title="Austronaga">Austronaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinocephalosaurus" title="Dinocephalosaurus">Dinocephalosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fuyuansaurus" title="Fuyuansaurus">Fuyuansaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gracilicollum" title="Gracilicollum">Gracilicollum</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protanystropheus" title="Protanystropheus">Protanystropheus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pectodens" title="Pectodens">Pectodens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sclerostropheus" title="Sclerostropheus">Sclerostropheus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trachelosaurus" title="Trachelosaurus">Trachelosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sharovipterygidae" title="Sharovipterygidae">Sharovipterygidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ozimek_volans" title="Ozimek volans">Ozimek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharovipteryx" title="Sharovipteryx">Sharovipteryx</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tanystropheidae" title="Tanystropheidae">Tanystropheidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amotosaurus" title="Amotosaurus">Amotosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Augustaburiania" title="Augustaburiania">Augustaburiania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cosesaurus" title="Cosesaurus">Cosesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fuyuansaurus" title="Fuyuansaurus">Fuyuansaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gracilicollum" title="Gracilicollum">Gracilicollum</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gwyneddosaurus" title="Gwyneddosaurus">Gwyneddosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Langobardisaurus" title="Langobardisaurus">Langobardisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luxisaurus" title="Luxisaurus">Luxisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrocnemus" title="Macrocnemus">Macrocnemus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raibliania" title="Raibliania">Raibliania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sclerostropheus" title="Sclerostropheus">Sclerostropheus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tanystropheus" title="Tanystropheus">Tanystropheus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tanytrachelos" title="Tanytrachelos">Tanytrachelos</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sharovipterygidae" title="Sharovipterygidae">Sharovipterygidae</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Crocopoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocopoda">Crocopoda</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Boreopricea" title="Boreopricea">Boreopricea</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptovaranoides" title="Cryptovaranoides">Cryptovaranoides</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Tasmaniosaurus" title="Tasmaniosaurus">Tasmaniosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Teyujagua" title="Teyujagua">Teyujagua</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Allokotosauria" title="Allokotosauria">Allokotosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Allokotosauria" title="Template:Allokotosauria">Allokotosauria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosauria" title="Rhynchosauria">Rhynchosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Rhynchosauria" title="Template:Rhynchosauria">Rhynchosauria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Prolacertidae" title="Prolacertidae">Prolacertidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kadimakara_australiensis" title="Kadimakara australiensis">Kadimakara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prolacerta" title="Prolacerta">Prolacerta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes">Archosauriformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharovipteryx_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sharovipteryx mirabilis"><img alt="Sharovipteryx mirabilis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sharovipteryx_BW.jpg/140px-Sharovipteryx_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sharovipteryx_BW.jpg/210px-Sharovipteryx_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sharovipteryx_BW.jpg/280px-Sharovipteryx_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="437" /></a></span> <p><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Macrocnemus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Macrocnemus basanii"><img alt="Macrocnemus basanii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Macrocnemus_BW.jpg/140px-Macrocnemus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Macrocnemus_BW.jpg/210px-Macrocnemus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Macrocnemus_BW.jpg/280px-Macrocnemus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></span> </p> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prolacerta_broomi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prolacerta broomi"><img alt="Prolacerta broomi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Prolacerta_broomi.jpg/250px-Prolacerta_broomi.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Prolacerta_broomi.jpg/330px-Prolacerta_broomi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2290" data-file-height="796" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Archosauriformes451" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes">Archosauriformes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Archosauriformes106" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes">Archosauriformes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctanax" title="Antarctanax">Antarctanax</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cuyosuchus" title="Cuyosuchus">Cuyosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eorasaurus" title="Eorasaurus">Eorasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kalisuchus" title="Kalisuchus">Kalisuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Koilamasuchus" title="Koilamasuchus">Koilamasuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sarmatosuchus" title="Sarmatosuchus">Sarmatosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Syntomiprosopus" title="Syntomiprosopus">Syntomiprosopus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchidae" title="Proterosuchidae">Proterosuchidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Archosaurus" title="Archosaurus">Archosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chasmatosuchus" title="Chasmatosuchus">Chasmatosuchus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gamosaurus" title="Gamosaurus">Gamosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jaikosuchus" title="Jaikosuchus">Jaikosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchus" title="Proterosuchus">Proterosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samsarasuchus" title="Samsarasuchus">Samsarasuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsylmosuchus" title="Tsylmosuchus">Tsylmosuchus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vonhuenia" title="Vonhuenia">Vonhuenia</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Protopyknosia" title="Protopyknosia">Protopyknosia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kranosaura" title="Kranosaura">Kranosaura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triopticus" title="Triopticus">Triopticus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchidae" title="Erythrosuchidae">Erythrosuchidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bharitalasuchus" title="Bharitalasuchus">Bharitalasuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chalishevia" title="Chalishevia">Chalishevia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchus" title="Erythrosuchus">Erythrosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fugusuchus" title="Fugusuchus">Fugusuchus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garjainia" title="Garjainia">Garjainia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guchengosuchus" title="Guchengosuchus">Guchengosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shansisuchus" title="Shansisuchus">Shansisuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uralosaurus" title="Uralosaurus">Uralosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Eucrocopoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucrocopoda">Eucrocopoda</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Asperoris" title="Asperoris">Asperoris</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dorosuchus" title="Dorosuchus">Dorosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Heteropelta" title="Heteropelta">Heteropelta</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Litorosuchus" title="Litorosuchus">Litorosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Marcianosuchus" title="Marcianosuchus">Marcianosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Polymorphodon" title="Polymorphodon">Polymorphodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Vancleavea" title="Vancleavea">Vancleavea</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Euparkeriidae" title="Euparkeriidae">Euparkeriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Euparkeria" title="Euparkeria">Euparkeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halazhaisuchus" title="Halazhaisuchus">Halazhaisuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Osmolskina" title="Osmolskina">Osmolskina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Proterochampsia" title="Proterochampsia">Proterochampsia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Proterochampsia" title="Template:Proterochampsia">Proterochampsia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Crurotarsi" title="Crurotarsi">Crurotarsi</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Phytosauria" title="Phytosauria">Phytosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Phytosauria" title="Template:Phytosauria">Phytosauria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archosaur" title="Archosaur">Archosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sikannisuchus" title="Sikannisuchus">Sikannisuchus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Smok_wawelski" title="Smok wawelski">Smok</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Avemetatarsalia" title="Template:Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></li> <li>includes <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudosuchia" title="Pseudosuchia">Pseudosuchia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Pseudosuchia" title="Template:Pseudosuchia">Pseudosuchia</a></li> <li>includes <a href="/wiki/Crocodilia" title="Crocodilia">crocodilians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proterosuchus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proterosuchus fergusi"><img alt="Proterosuchus fergusi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Proterosuchus_BW.jpg/250px-Proterosuchus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Proterosuchus_BW.jpg/330px-Proterosuchus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="317" /></a></span></span> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erythrosuchus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Erythrosuchus africanus"><img alt="Erythrosuchus africanus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Erythrosuchus.png/130px-Erythrosuchus.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Erythrosuchus.png/195px-Erythrosuchus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Erythrosuchus.png/260px-Erythrosuchus.png 2x" data-file-width="2820" data-file-height="864" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Euparkeria_white_background.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Euparkeria capensis"><img alt="Euparkeria capensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Euparkeria_white_background.png/250px-Euparkeria_white_background.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Euparkeria_white_background.png/330px-Euparkeria_white_background.png 2x" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="1117" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics451" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tooth taxa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Crosbysaurus" title="Crosbysaurus">Crosbysaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lucianosaurus" title="Lucianosaurus">Lucianosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Tecovasaurus" title="Tecovasaurus">Tecovasaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeosaurus" title="Palaeosaurus">Palaeosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Protecovasaurus" title="Protecovasaurus">Protecovasaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Uatchitodon" title="Uatchitodon">Uatchitodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Zanclodon" title="Zanclodon">Zanclodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">Nomina dubia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Albisaurus" title="Albisaurus">Albisaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ankistrodon" title="Ankistrodon">Ankistrodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Avipes" title="Avipes">Avipes</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Blomosuchus" title="Blomosuchus">Blomosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Collilongus" title="Collilongus">Collilongus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Exilisuchus" title="Exilisuchus">Exilisuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Fenhosuchus" title="Fenhosuchus">Fenhosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Megacnemus" title="Megacnemus">Megacnemus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Microcnemus" title="Microcnemus">Microcnemus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Vjushkovisaurus" title="Vjushkovisaurus">Vjushkovisaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Wangisuchus" title="Wangisuchus">Wangisuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">Paraphyletic</a> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchia" title="Proterosuchia">Proterosuchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protorosauria" title="Protorosauria">Protorosauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thecodontia" title="Thecodontia">Thecodontia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Possible members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choristodera" title="Choristodera">Choristodera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drepanosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Drepanosaur">Drepanosauromorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuehneosauridae" title="Kuehneosauridae">Kuehneosauridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauromorpha" title="Ichthyosauromorpha">Ichthyosauromorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauropterygia" title="Sauropterygia">Sauropterygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalattosauria" title="Thalattosauria">Thalattosauria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Archosauromorphs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Archosauromorphs (page does not exist)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pantestudines477" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pantestudines" title="Template:Pantestudines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pantestudines" title="Template talk:Pantestudines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pantestudines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pantestudines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pantestudines477" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pantestudines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Class:_Sauropsida_*_Clade:_Diapsida_*_Clade:_Sauria_*_Clade:_Archelosauria477" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size: 85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Diapsid" title="Diapsid">Diapsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Sauria" title="Sauria">Sauria</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Archelosauria" title="Archelosauria">Archelosauria</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sauropsida37" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Sauropsida" title="Template:Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pantestudines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:115%"><div><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pantestudines</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantestudines104" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pantestudines</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eorhynchochelys" title="Eorhynchochelys">Eorhynchochelys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eunotosaurus" title="Eunotosaurus">Eunotosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Odontochelys" title="Odontochelys">Odontochelys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pappochelys" title="Pappochelys">Pappochelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Testudinata" title="Testudinata">Testudinata</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Condorchelys" title="Condorchelys">Condorchelys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eileanchelys" title="Eileanchelys">Eileanchelys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heckerochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heckerochelys (page does not exist)">Heckerochelys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indochelys (page does not exist)">Indochelys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kallokibotion" title="Kallokibotion">Kallokibotion</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kayentachelys" title="Kayentachelys">Kayentachelys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Proganochelys" title="Proganochelys">Proganochelys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spoochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spoochelys (page does not exist)">Spoochelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Proterochersidae" title="Proterochersidae">Proterochersidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinlechelys" title="Chinlechelys">Chinlechelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keuperotesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keuperotesta (page does not exist)">Keuperotesta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proterochersis" title="Proterochersis">Proterochersis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thaichelys" title="Thaichelys">Thaichelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australochelyidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australochelyidae (page does not exist)">Australochelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Australochelys" title="Australochelys">Australochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeochersis" title="Palaeochersis">Palaeochersis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waluchelys" title="Waluchelys">Waluchelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Meiolaniformes" title="Meiolaniformes">Meiolaniformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chubutemys" title="Chubutemys">Chubutemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otwayemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otwayemys (page does not exist)">Otwayemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patagoniaemys" title="Patagoniaemys">Patagoniaemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peligrochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peligrochelys (page does not exist)">Peligrochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trapalcochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trapalcochelys (page does not exist)">Trapalcochelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meiolaniidae" title="Meiolaniidae">Meiolaniidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaffneylania" title="Gaffneylania">Gaffneylania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meiolania" title="Meiolania">Meiolania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ninjemys" title="Ninjemys">Ninjemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Niolamia" title="Niolamia">Niolamia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warkalania" title="Warkalania">Warkalania</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Sichuanchelyidae" title="Sichuanchelyidae">Sichuanchelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Laurasichersis" title="Laurasichersis">Laurasichersis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongolochelys (page does not exist)">Mongolochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuanchelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuanchelys (page does not exist)">Sichuanchelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Helochelydridae" title="Helochelydridae">Helochelydridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragochersis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aragochersis (page does not exist)">Aragochersis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helochelydra" title="Helochelydra">Helochelydra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helochelys" title="Helochelys">Helochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naomichelys" title="Naomichelys">Naomichelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solemys" title="Solemys">Solemys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Compsemydidae" title="Compsemydidae">Compsemydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Berruchelus" title="Berruchelus">Berruchelus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calissounemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calissounemys (page does not exist)">Calissounemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compsemys" title="Compsemys">Compsemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kallokibotion" title="Kallokibotion">Kallokibotion</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peltochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peltochelys (page does not exist)">Peltochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riodevemys" title="Riodevemys">Riodevemys</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selenemys" title="Selenemys">Selenemys</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tongemys" title="Tongemys">Tongemys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Paracryptodira" title="Paracryptodira">Paracryptodira</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Compsemydidae" title="Compsemydidae">Compsemydidae</a></b>?</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helochelydridae" title="Helochelydridae">Helochelydridae</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pleurosternidae" title="Pleurosternidae">Pleurosternidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinochelys" title="Dinochelys">Dinochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorsetochelys" title="Dorsetochelys">Dorsetochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glyptops" title="Glyptops">Glyptops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pleurosternon" title="Pleurosternon">Pleurosternon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riodevemys" title="Riodevemys">Riodevemys</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selenemys" title="Selenemys">Selenemys</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toremys" title="Toremys">Toremys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uluops" title="Uluops">Uluops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baenidae" title="Baenidae">Baenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arundelemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arundelemys (page does not exist)">Arundelemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arvinachelys" title="Arvinachelys">Arvinachelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baena_(turtle)" title="Baena (turtle)">Baena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boremys" title="Boremys">Boremys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cedrobaena" title="Cedrobaena">Cedrobaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chisternon" title="Chisternon">Chisternon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Denazinemys" title="Denazinemys">Denazinemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edowa (page does not exist)">Edowa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eubaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eubaena (page does not exist)">Eubaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gamerabaena" title="Gamerabaena">Gamerabaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gehennachelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gehennachelys (page does not exist)">Gehennachelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goleremys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goleremys (page does not exist)">Goleremys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayemys (page does not exist)">Hayemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lakotemys" title="Lakotemys">Lakotemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neurankylus" title="Neurankylus">Neurankylus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palatobaena" title="Palatobaena">Palatobaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peckemys" title="Peckemys">Peckemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plesiobaena" title="Plesiobaena">Plesiobaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protobaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protobaena (page does not exist)">Protobaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saxochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saxochelys (page does not exist)">Saxochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scabremys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scabremys (page does not exist)">Scabremys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stygiochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stygiochelys (page does not exist)">Stygiochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thescelus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thescelus (page does not exist)">Thescelus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinitichelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trinitichelys (page does not exist)">Trinitichelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Xinjiangchelyidae" title="Xinjiangchelyidae">Xinjiangchelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annemys (page does not exist)">Annemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brodiechelys" title="Brodiechelys">Brodiechelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camerochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camerochelys (page does not exist)">Camerochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengyuchelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengyuchelys (page does not exist)">Chengyuchelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jastmelchyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jastmelchyi (page does not exist)">Jastmelchyi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalasinemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalasinemys (page does not exist)">Kalasinemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Larachelus" title="Larachelus">Larachelus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phunoichelys" title="Phunoichelys">Phunoichelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protoxinjiangchelys" title="Protoxinjiangchelys">Protoxinjiangchelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shartegemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shartegemys (page does not exist)">Shartegemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siamochelys (page does not exist)">Siamochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tienfuchelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tienfuchelys (page does not exist)">Tienfuchelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undjulemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undjulemys (page does not exist)">Undjulemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xinjiangchelys" title="Xinjiangchelys">Xinjiangchelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanduchelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanduchelys (page does not exist)">Yanduchelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Sinemydidae" title="Sinemydidae">Sinemydidae</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Macrobaenidae" title="Macrobaenidae">Macrobaenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anatolemys" title="Anatolemys">Anatolemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Appalachemys" title="Appalachemys">Appalachemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asiachelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asiachelys (page does not exist)">Asiachelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurorachelys" title="Aurorachelys">Aurorachelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changmachelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changmachelys (page does not exist)">Changmachelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dracochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dracochelys (page does not exist)">Dracochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallica_lapparentiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallica lapparentiana (page does not exist)">Gallica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galvechelone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galvechelone (page does not exist)">Galvechelone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hongkongochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hongkongochelys (page does not exist)">Hongkongochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoyasemys" title="Hoyasemys">Hoyasemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeholochelys" title="Jeholochelys">Jeholochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judithemys" title="Judithemys">Judithemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kirgizemys" title="Kirgizemys">Kirgizemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liaochelys" title="Liaochelys">Liaochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macrobaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macrobaena (page does not exist)">Macrobaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manchurochelys" title="Manchurochelys">Manchurochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordosemys" title="Ordosemys">Ordosemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Osteopygis" title="Osteopygis">Osteopygis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxemys (page does not exist)">Oxemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinemys" title="Sinemys">Sinemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tienfucheloides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tienfucheloides (page does not exist)">Tienfucheloides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuguia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuguia (page does not exist)">Wuguia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiaochelys" title="Xiaochelys">Xiaochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakemys" title="Yakemys">Yakemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yumenemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yumenemys (page does not exist)">Yumenemys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Thalassochelydia" title="Thalassochelydia">Thalassochelydia</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size: 85%;">(<i>sensu</i> Joyce <i>et al.</i>, 2021)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aplax" title="Aplax">Aplax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrtura" title="Cyrtura">Cyrtura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euryaspis" title="Euryaspis">Euryaspis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hispaniachelys" title="Hispaniachelys">Hispaniachelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neusticemys" title="Neusticemys">Neusticemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Owadowia" title="Owadowia">Owadowia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelobatochelys" title="Pelobatochelys">Pelobatochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thalassemys" title="Thalassemys">Thalassemys</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Protostegidae" title="Protostegidae">Protostegidae</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Eurysternidae" title="Eurysternidae">Eurysternidae</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Achelonia" title="Achelonia">Achelonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelonides" title="Chelonides">Chelonides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurysternum" title="Eurysternum">Eurysternum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hydropelta" title="Hydropelta">Hydropelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idiochelys" title="Idiochelys">Idiochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeomedusa" title="Palaeomedusa">Palaeomedusa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parachelys" title="Parachelys">Parachelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Plesiochelyidae" title="Plesiochelyidae">Plesiochelyidae</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craspedochelys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Craspedochelys (page does not exist)">Craspedochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Globochelus" title="Globochelus">Globochelus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeochelys" title="Hylaeochelys">Hylaeochelys</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jurassichelon" title="Jurassichelon">Jurassichelon</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plesiochelys" title="Plesiochelys">Plesiochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portlandemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portlandemys (page does not exist)">Portlandemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropidemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropidemys (page does not exist)">Tropidemys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sandownidae" title="Sandownidae">Sandownidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angolachelys" title="Angolachelys">Angolachelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brachyopsemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brachyopsemys (page does not exist)">Brachyopsemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leyvachelys" title="Leyvachelys">Leyvachelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandownia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandownia (page does not exist)">Sandownia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solnhofia" title="Solnhofia">Solnhofia</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Testudines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Testudines" title="Template:Testudines">Testudines</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pappochelys rosinae"><img alt="Pappochelys rosinae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg/120px-Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg/180px-Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg/240px-Bild2_Ur-Schildkr%C3%B6te_Zeichnung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1590" /></a></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meiolania_turtle_(Meiolania_brevicollis).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Meiolania brevicollis"><img alt="Meiolania brevicollis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Meiolania_turtle_%28Meiolania_brevicollis%29.png/250px-Meiolania_turtle_%28Meiolania_brevicollis%29.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Meiolania_turtle_%28Meiolania_brevicollis%29.png/330px-Meiolania_turtle_%28Meiolania_brevicollis%29.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Angolachelonia" title="Angolachelonia">Angolachelonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankylopoda" title="Ankylopoda">Ankylopoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesochelydia" title="Mesochelydia">Mesochelydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perichelydia" title="Perichelydia">Perichelydia</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pantestudines" title="Category:Pantestudines">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers1062" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers1062" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Pantestudines</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20220074" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q20220074">Q20220074</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pantestudines" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pantestudines">Pantestudines</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/60956487">60956487</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=948942">948942</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=253371">253371</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Taxonomicon: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonName.aspx?id=6431593">6431593</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantestudines&oldid=1274960026">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantestudines&oldid=1274960026</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pantestudines" title="Category:Pantestudines">Pantestudines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prehistoric_reptile_taxa" title="Category:Prehistoric reptile taxa">Prehistoric reptile taxa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archelosauria" title="Category:Archelosauria">Archelosauria</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li 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