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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_Caribbean_Region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Caribbean_Region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Western Caribbean Region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Caribbean_Region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cumbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cumbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Cumbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cumbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Champeta_and_African-diasporic_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Champeta_and_African-diasporic_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Champeta and African-diasporic music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Champeta_and_African-diasporic_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Porro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Porro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Porro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Porro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Caribbean_musical_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Caribbean_musical_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Eastern Caribbean musical region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Caribbean_musical_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vallenato" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vallenato"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Vallenato</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vallenato-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Caribbean_genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Caribbean_genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Other Caribbean genres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Caribbean_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacific_Region_of_Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_Region_of_Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pacific Region of Colombia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pacific_Region_of_Colombia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pacific Region of Colombia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pacific_Region_of_Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Currulao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currulao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Currulao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currulao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Pacific_genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Pacific_genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other Pacific genres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Pacific_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andean_Region_of_Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andean_Region_of_Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Andean Region of Colombia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Andean_Region_of_Colombia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Andean Region of Colombia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Andean_Region_of_Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bambuco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bambuco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bambuco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bambuco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guabina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guabina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Guabina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guabina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Andean_genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Andean_genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other Andean genres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Andean_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orinoquía_Region_of_Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orinoquía_Region_of_Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Orinoquía Region of Colombia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Orinoquía_Region_of_Colombia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Orinoquía Region of Colombia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Orinoquía_Region_of_Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Joropo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joropo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Joropo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joropo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Orinoco_region_genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Orinoco_region_genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other Orinoco region genres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Orinoco_region_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insular_Region_(Colombia)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insular_Region_(Colombia)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Insular Region (Colombia)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Insular_Region_(Colombia)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Insular Region (Colombia) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Insular_Region_(Colombia)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musical_genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Musical genres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazon_Region_of_Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazon_Region_of_Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Amazon Region of Colombia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Amazon_Region_of_Colombia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Amazon Region of Colombia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Amazon_Region_of_Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musical_instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Musical instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_genres_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_genres_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Musical genres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_genres_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Contemporary music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contemporary music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colombian_salsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombian_salsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Colombian salsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombian_salsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombian_rock_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombian_rock_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Colombian rock music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombian_rock_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombian_pop_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombian_pop_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Colombian pop music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombian_pop_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Some_of_Colombia's_most_recognized_pop_artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_of_Colombia's_most_recognized_pop_artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Some of Colombia's most recognized pop artists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Some_of_Colombia's_most_recognized_pop_artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombian_urban_and_hip-hop_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombian_urban_and_hip-hop_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Colombian urban and hip-hop music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombian_urban_and_hip-hop_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Other sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_de_Colombia" title="Música de Colombia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Música de Colombia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolombia_muziko" title="Kolombia muziko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kolombia muziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="موسیقی کلمبیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موسیقی کلمبیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_colombienne" title="Musique colombienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musique colombienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_de_Colombia" title="Musica de Colombia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Musica de Colombia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_della_Colombia" title="Musica della Colombia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Musica della Colombia" 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Colombia">Video gaming</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #003893;color: white;padding:0.1em 0;font-size:95%;"> Symbols</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Colombia" title="Flag of Colombia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia" title="Coat of arms of Colombia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Colombia" title="National Anthem of Colombia">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Colombia" title="Miss Colombia">Miss Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #CE1126;border-bottom:1px solid #CE1126;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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href="/wiki/Template:Colombian_culture" title="Template:Colombian culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colombian_culture" title="Template talk:Colombian culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colombian_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colombian culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ejes_musicales_de_Colombia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ejes_musicales_de_Colombia.png/200px-Ejes_musicales_de_Colombia.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ejes_musicales_de_Colombia.png/300px-Ejes_musicales_de_Colombia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ejes_musicales_de_Colombia.png/400px-Ejes_musicales_de_Colombia.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="749" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Musical Regions of Colombia</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tiple.jpg/160px-Tiple.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tiple.jpg/240px-Tiple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tiple.jpg/320px-Tiple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="1926" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Colombian_tiple" title="Colombian tiple">Colombian tiple</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <b>music of Colombia</b> is an expression of <a href="/wiki/Colombian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian culture">Colombian culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">music genres</a>, both traditional and modern, according with the features of each <a href="/wiki/Natural_Regions_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural Regions of Colombia">geographic region</a>, although it is not uncommon to find different musical styles in the same region. The diversity in musical expressions found in Colombia can be seen as the result of a mixture of Amerindian, African, and European (especially Spanish) influences, as well as more modern <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">American</a>. </p><p>Colombia has a vibrant collage of talent that touches a full spectrum of rhythms ranging from <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical music</a> to <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a>. Colombian music is promoted mainly by the support of the largest record labels, independent companies and the Government of Colombia, through the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Colombia)" title="Ministry of Culture (Colombia)">Ministry of Culture</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caribbean_region"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_region_of_Colombia" title="Caribbean region of Colombia">Caribbean region</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Caribbean region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colombia is known as "the land of a thousand rhythms" but actually holds over 1,025 folk rhythms. Some of the best known genres are <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">cumbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">vallenato</a>. The most recognized interpreters of traditional Caribbean and <a href="/wiki/Afro-Colombians#Music" title="Afro-Colombians">Afro-Colombian music</a> are <a href="/wiki/Tot%C3%B3_la_Momposina" title="Totó la Momposina">Totó la Momposina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Zumaque" title="Francisco Zumaque">Francisco Zumaqué</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Caribbean_Region">Western Caribbean Region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Western Caribbean Region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cumbia">Cumbia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cumbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumento_a_la_cumbia_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Monumento_a_la_cumbia_2.jpg/200px-Monumento_a_la_cumbia_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Monumento_a_la_cumbia_2.jpg/300px-Monumento_a_la_cumbia_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Monumento_a_la_cumbia_2.jpg/400px-Monumento_a_la_cumbia_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Monument to the dance and music of <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">cumbia</a> in <a href="/wiki/El_Banco" class="mw-redirect" title="El Banco">El Banco</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cumbia began as a courtship dance practiced among the African population on the Caribbean coasts of Colombia. It is a mixture of Spanish, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Native Colombian</a> and African music. The style of dance is designed to recall the shackles worn around the ankles of the slaves. In the 19th century, slavery was abolished and Africans, Indians and other ethnic groups got a more complete integration in the Colombian culture. </p><p>Cumbia is a complex, rhythmic music which arose on Colombia's Atlantic coast. In its original form, cumbia bands included only <a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">percussion</a> and vocals; modern groups include <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombones</a> as well. It evolved out of native influences, combining both traditions. Some observers have claimed that the dance originally associated with iron chains around the ankle. Others still believe that it is a direct import from <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, which has a popular dance form called cumbe. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horizonte_2013_1638.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Horizonte_2013_1638.JPG/220px-Horizonte_2013_1638.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Horizonte_2013_1638.JPG/330px-Horizonte_2013_1638.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Horizonte_2013_1638.JPG/440px-Horizonte_2013_1638.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The Afro-Colombian ensemble <a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Perin%C3%A9" title="Monsieur Periné">Monsieur Periné</a> mixes cumbian sounds with a gypsy-swing style.<sup id="cite_ref-twsSDiegoTrib_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twsSDiegoTrib-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Cumbia's form was solidified in the 1940s when it spread from the rural countryside to urban and middle-class audiences. <a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">porro</a> <a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">brass band</a> influences were combined by artists like <a href="/wiki/Lucho_Berm%C3%BAdez" title="Lucho Bermúdez">Lucho Bermúdez</a> to form a refined form of cumbia that soon entered the Golden Age of Cumbia during the 1950s. <a href="/wiki/Discos_Fuentes" title="Discos Fuentes">Discos Fuentes</a>, the largest and most influential <a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">record label</a> in the country, was founded during this time. <a href="/wiki/Fruko" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruko">Fruko</a>, known as the <i>Godfather of Salsa</i>, introduced Cuban <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a> to Colombia and helped bring Discos Fuentes to national prominence by finding artists like <a href="/wiki/La_Sonora_Dinamita" title="La Sonora Dinamita">La Sonora Dinamita</a>, who brought cumbia to Mexico, where it remains popular. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_Eje_musical_Caribe_Occidental.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mapa_Eje_musical_Caribe_Occidental.png/200px-Mapa_Eje_musical_Caribe_Occidental.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mapa_Eje_musical_Caribe_Occidental.png/300px-Mapa_Eje_musical_Caribe_Occidental.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mapa_Eje_musical_Caribe_Occidental.png/400px-Mapa_Eje_musical_Caribe_Occidental.png 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="830" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Western Caribbean</div></div></div></div></div><p> It is worth pointing out that the "classic" cumbia known throughout Colombia is the Cumbia Cienaguera. This song reflects a uniquely Colombian feel known as "sabor" (flavour) and "ambiente" (atmosphere). Arguably, this song has remained a Colombian staple through the years and is widely known as Colombia's unofficial national anthem. Some artists are Los Gaiteros de San Jacinto, Los Graduados, <a href="/wiki/Los_Black_Stars" title="Los Black Stars">Los Black Stars</a>, Los Golden Boys, Los Teen Agers, and Los Corraleros de Majagual. In the United States, an Afro- Colombian band based in New York called Grupo Rebolu, performs a variety of Afro-Colombian rhythms with authentic instruments such as Tambora and Tambor Alegre. Their repertoire includes Cumbia and many more genres from the Northern coast of Colombia as part of their original compositions.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style></p><table class="infobox" style="width: 300px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnBrxD_XZlI">La vida vale la pena (Tambora - Eje musical Caribe Occidental)</a>, Interpretado por Petrona Martínez en YouTube</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQQNVuCEYqw">Los sabores del porro (Porro - Eje musical Caribe Occidental)</a>, Interpretado por Totó la Momposina en YouTube</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avGQlgc8TGI&">Una canción en el Magdalena (Cumbia sentá - Eje musical Caribe Occidental)</a>, Interpretado por Martina Camargo en YouTube</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIPsA7ZB99M&">Danza negra (Cumbia de salón - Eje musical Caribe Occidental)</a>, Interpretado por Matilde Díaz, compuesta por Lucho Bermudez en YouTube</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNKdkP9d2p4&">Me duele el alma (Fandango - Eje musical Caribe Occidental)</a>, Interpretado por María Mulata en YouTube</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLJSMn5Mc2U">El botón del pantalón (Terapia - Eje musical Caribe Occidental)</a>, Interpretado por Sistema Solar en YouTube</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Champeta_and_African-diasporic_music">Champeta and African-diasporic music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Champeta and African-diasporic music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Colombian communities, such as <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Choc%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Chocó">Chocó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena</a>, San Andres and Providence Island, have large African-descendant communities. Unlike most of the country, cultural mixing with native and European influences have been rare, and, especially in El Chocó, music has changed little since being imported from <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>. Providencia Island is also home to a type of folk music which is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Mento" title="Mento">mento</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaican</a> folk form. Most influentially, however, is the city of Cartagena and its <a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">champeta</a> music which has been influenced by <a href="/wiki/Soukous" title="Soukous">soukous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compas" title="Compas">compas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zouk_(musical_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zouk (musical movement)">zouk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a>. Champeta musicians have included Luis Towers, El Afinaíto, El Sayayín, El Pupy, and <a href="/wiki/Boogaloo" title="Boogaloo">Boogaloo</a>, while others like Elio Boom have incorporated Jamaican <a href="/wiki/Raggamuffin_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Raggamuffin music">raggamuffin music</a> to champeta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Porro">Porro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Porro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a> bands are a form of <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> music that came from <a href="/wiki/Sucre_Department" title="Sucre Department">Sucre</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Department" title="Córdoba Department">Córdoba</a> and Sabana de Bolívar. The <a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">brass</a> ensembles are modeled after European military bands. Notable porros include <a href="/wiki/Pacho_Galan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacho Galan">Pacho Galan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Caribbean_musical_region">Eastern Caribbean musical region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eastern Caribbean musical region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vallenato">Vallenato</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vallenato"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_del_Caribe_Oriental.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Eje_musical_del_Caribe_Oriental.png/200px-Eje_musical_del_Caribe_Oriental.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Eje_musical_del_Caribe_Oriental.png/300px-Eje_musical_del_Caribe_Oriental.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Eje_musical_del_Caribe_Oriental.png/400px-Eje_musical_del_Caribe_Oriental.png 2x" data-file-width="1175" data-file-height="719" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Eastern Caribbean</div></div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:La_puya_rebelde.ogg" title="File:La puya rebelde.ogg">La puya rebelde (Puya - example of a genre of folk music in the Eastern Caribbean.)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="13" data-mwtitle="La_puya_rebelde.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/La_puya_rebelde.ogg/La_puya_rebelde.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/La_puya_rebelde.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Vallenato was first played by the pre-Columbian Indians using traditional instruments. The first vallenato singer was Guillermo Buitrago, born in the Magdalena department. Vallenato did not always use accordion as its main instrument. In fact, from 1920 to 1936 the main instrument was the guitar. Groups such as bovea and sus vallenatos also are among the first vallenato singers. They form the group in the city of Barranquilla Atlantico department. They also were the first to take the vallenato music to a different country like Argentina, specifically in northern Argentina. Contrary to popular belief, vallenato is not a rhythm. Rather, it is a genre. It is made up of four rhythms: Son, Puya, Merengue, and Paseo. <a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a> arose in <a href="/wiki/Valledupar" title="Valledupar">Valledupar</a> on Colombia's Atlantic Coast and only gained popularity elsewhere in the country in the 1980s. Its origins are shrouded in mystery but are said to have begun with <a href="/wiki/Francisco_el_Hombre" title="Francisco el Hombre">Francisco el Hombre</a>, who allegedly defeated <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> in a musical contest. Based around the <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Guacharaca" title="Guacharaca">guacharaca</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caja_vallenata" title="Caja vallenata">caja vallenata</a> (a larger version of the bongo), vallenato has long been connected with cumbia. Influential artists include <a href="/wiki/Alejo_Duran" class="mw-redirect" title="Alejo Duran">Alejo Duran</a> and more recently,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2011)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Alfredo Gutiérrez and Lisandro Meza. In addition to the accordion, the <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass guitar</a> has been a common part of vallenato ensembles since it was introduced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caliya (page does not exist)">Caliya</a> in the mid-1960s. The most recent modernization of vallenato occurred in 1993 when <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vives" title="Carlos Vives">Carlos Vives</a> released <i><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A1sicos_de_la_Provincia" title="Clásicos de la Provincia">Clásicos de la Provincia</a></i>, which made him into a star and changed the face of vallenato. </p><p>An important phenomenon has occurred in Colombia with vallenato. At first it was an exclusive kind of music for Atlantic Coast people but because the proliferation of radio programs of this genre in other cities of the republic (such as Bogota), and the migration of people from the coast to the capital, vallenato spread to the rest of Colombia. Not only the music, but the musicians of the genre increased in the capital and other cities. In 2006 for the first time, a musician from Bogota, Alberto "Beto" Jamaica, was the king of vallenato in the traditional competition to play accordion, "El Festival Vallenato". Other important musicians from other cities have taken importance in the vallenato world. </p><p>Vallenato has spawned several subgenres, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallenato-protesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vallenato-protesta (page does not exist)">vallenato-protesta</a>, which is known for socially aware lyrics, and <a href="/wiki/Charanga_vallenata" class="mw-redirect" title="Charanga vallenata">charanga vallenata</a>, which was invented by <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cubans</a> in the United States like progenitor <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Torres_(musician)" title="Roberto Torres (musician)">Roberto Torres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_Caribbean_genres">Other Caribbean genres</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other Caribbean genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Chalupa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">Champeta</a></li> <li>Chande</li> <li>Cumbión</li> <li>Bullerengue</li> <li>Décimas</li> <li>Fandango</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_(music_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaita (music style)">Gaita</a></li> <li>Lumbalú</li> <li>Mapalé</li> <li>Maya</li> <li>Merecumbé</li> <li>Mode Up/Mud Up</li> <li>Pajarito</li> <li>Parrandí</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pil%C3%B3n" title="Pilón">Pilón</a></li> <li>Pompo</li> <li>Porro</li> <li>Puya</li> <li>Son Sabanero</li> <li>Son Palenquero</li> <li>Tambora</li> <li>Tamborito</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pacific_Region_of_Colombia"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Region_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Region of Colombia">Pacific Region of Colombia</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pacific Region of Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Norte.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Norte.png/200px-Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Norte.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Norte.png/300px-Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Norte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Norte.png/400px-Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Norte.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="706" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">North Pacific</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Sur.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Sur.png/200px-Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Sur.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Sur.png/300px-Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Sur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Sur.png/400px-Eje_musical_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_Sur.png 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="715" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">South Pacific</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Guayabita.ogg" title="File:La Guayabita.ogg">La Guayabita (Juga - example of a genre of folk music in the South Pacific.)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="36" data-mwtitle="La_Guayabita.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/La_Guayabita.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/La_Guayabita.ogg/La_Guayabita.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currulao">Currulao</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Currulao"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is one of the most African influenced-styles in all of Colombia, and has its roots among the <a href="/wiki/Afro-Colombian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Colombian">Afro-Colombian</a> people of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Region_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Region of Colombia">Pacific coast</a>. </p><p>In its most basic form, the currulao is played by a group of four musicians. </p><p>One musician plays a 6-8 rhythm on a drum known as a "cununo", which superficially resembles the "alegre" drum (used in Cumbia) to the untrained eye, but is narrower and taller. The Currulao rhythm is created by both striking the skin of the drum with the one's hand and tapping the side of the drum with a small stick. </p><p>The second musician keeps time on a shaker known in parts of Colombia as a "guasá"(goo-ah-SAH) or "guache"(goo-AH-cheh), which is typically a hollow cylinder made of metal, wooden, or guadua bamboo, filled with light seeds, rice is sometimes used in home-made guasás. </p><p>But the main instrument of the currulao style is perhaps the Colombian marimba, a wooden xylophone which resembles the African <a href="/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon">balafon</a> also for the style of playing. </p><p>Many groups in Colombia perform this traditional style of music. Currently, the most renowned groups include Grupo Socavón, Grupo Gualajó, and Grups Bahia Trio. A well renowned figure among the old marimbero masters in Colombia is Baudilio Cuama Rentería from Buenaventura Colombia. </p><p>In the United States two Colombian Bands performing this genre with authentic traditional instruments are La Cumbiamba NY, on the east coast (New York), and Aluna Band in the west coast (San Francisco). In 2010, Currulao has been added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> list of <a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-currulao_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-currulao-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Pacific_genres">Other Pacific genres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other Pacific genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Abozao</li> <li>Aguabajo</li> <li>Alabao</li> <li>Andarele o Amanecer</li> <li>Arrullo</li> <li>Bambara Negra</li> <li>Bambuco Viejo</li> <li>Berejú</li> <li>Boga</li> <li>Bunde Chocoano</li> <li>Caderona</li> <li>Calipso Chocoano</li> <li>Chigualo o Gualí</li> <li>Contradanza Chocoana</li> <li>Danza Chocoana</li> <li>Jota Chocoana</li> <li>Juga</li> <li>La Caramba</li> <li>La Madruga</li> <li>Makerule</li> <li>Mazurka chocoana</li> <li>Pango o Pangora</li> <li>Patacoré</li> <li>Polka Chocoana</li> <li>Porro Chocoano</li> <li>Pregón</li> <li>Romance</li> <li>Salve</li> <li>Saporrondón o Sapo-Rondó</li> <li>Son Chocoano</li> <li>Tamborito Chocoano</li> <li>Tiguarandó</li> <li>Villancico Chocoano</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Andean_Region_of_Colombia"><a href="/wiki/Andean_Region_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Region of Colombia">Andean Region of Colombia</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Andean Region of Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:770px;max-width:770px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-oriental.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-oriental.png/150px-Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-oriental.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-oriental.png/225px-Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-oriental.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-oriental.png/300px-Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-oriental.png 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="701" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Center-East Andean</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_Andino_Nor-occidental.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eje_musical_Andino_Nor-occidental.png/150px-Eje_musical_Andino_Nor-occidental.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eje_musical_Andino_Nor-occidental.png/225px-Eje_musical_Andino_Nor-occidental.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eje_musical_Andino_Nor-occidental.png/300px-Eje_musical_Andino_Nor-occidental.png 2x" data-file-width="1207" data-file-height="757" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">North-Western Andean</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_Andino_Sur-occidental.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Eje_musical_Andino_Sur-occidental.png/150px-Eje_musical_Andino_Sur-occidental.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Eje_musical_Andino_Sur-occidental.png/225px-Eje_musical_Andino_Sur-occidental.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Eje_musical_Andino_Sur-occidental.png/300px-Eje_musical_Andino_Sur-occidental.png 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="527" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">South-Western Andean</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-sur.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-sur.png/150px-Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-sur.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-sur.png/225px-Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-sur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-sur.png/300px-Eje_musical_Andino_Centro-sur.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Center-South Andean</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_de_los_Valles_Interandinos_del_Pac%C3%ADfico.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Eje_musical_de_los_Valles_Interandinos_del_Pac%C3%ADfico.png/150px-Eje_musical_de_los_Valles_Interandinos_del_Pac%C3%ADfico.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Eje_musical_de_los_Valles_Interandinos_del_Pac%C3%ADfico.png/225px-Eje_musical_de_los_Valles_Interandinos_del_Pac%C3%ADfico.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Eje_musical_de_los_Valles_Interandinos_del_Pac%C3%ADfico.png/300px-Eje_musical_de_los_Valles_Interandinos_del_Pac%C3%ADfico.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="668" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Pacific inter-Andean valleys</div></div></div></div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; float:right; margin-left:1em"> <tbody><tr> <th align="right"><small> Flor de Romero (Bambuco - example of a genre of folk music in the Center-East Andean)</small> </th> <th align="right"><small> Ojito de Agua (Merengue Bambuquiao - example of a genre of folk music in the North-Western Andean)</small> </th> <th align="right"><small> Ángela (Hayno - example of a genre of folk music in the South-Western Andean)</small> </th> <th align="right"><small> Siquele (Rajaleña - example of a genre of folk music in the Center-South Andean)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#dcdcdc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="100" style="width:100px;" data-durationhint="36" data-mwtitle="Flor_de_Romero..ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Flor_de_Romero..ogg/Flor_de_Romero..ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Flor_de_Romero..ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#d3d3d3;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="100" style="width:100px;" data-durationhint="36" data-mwtitle="Ojito_de_Agua.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/Ojito_de_Agua.ogg/Ojito_de_Agua.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Ojito_de_Agua.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td style="text-align:left; background:silver;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="100" style="width:100px;" data-durationhint="36" data-mwtitle="Ángela.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/%C3%81ngela.ogg/%C3%81ngela.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/%C3%81ngela.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#dcdcdc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="100" style="width:100px;" data-durationhint="36" data-mwtitle="Siquele.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Siquele.ogg/Siquele.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Siquele.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td style="text-align:left; background:#d3d3d3;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bambuco">Bambuco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bambuco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a> is a type of music with Basque and Native American influence, sometimes known as <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_del_interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Música del interior">Música del interior</a>. It is not clear the origins of this style, many specialists agree that it has some components of Spanish folk music, while others believe it has a typical rhythm which was inherited from the Quechua or Chibchas. According to Rafael Pombo, the Bambuco orinated among the mestizo masses.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Briefly, it is the result of the ethhinic mixture from the colony time, being influencing by different cultural elements.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its popularity has long been, but was extremely popular across Colombia from the mid-1920s to the late 1930s. Artists include <a href="/wiki/Estudiantina" title="Estudiantina">Estudiantina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Carranguerros_de_Raquira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los Carranguerros de Raquira (page does not exist)">Los Carranguerros de Raquira</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaime_Llano_Gonz%C3%A1lez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaime Llano González (page does not exist)">Jaime Llano González</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Villamil" title="Jorge Villamil">Jorge Villamil</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Morales_Pino_Tr%C3%ADo" class="mw-redirect" title="Morales Pino Trío">Morales Pino Trío</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guabina">Guabina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Guabina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guabina" title="Guabina">Guabina</a></div><p>Guabina is a rhythm from the <a href="/wiki/Andean_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean mountains">Andean Mountains</a> in Colombia. The features of this music are based on dances and lifestyles of the people from <a href="/wiki/Antioquia_Department" title="Antioquia Department">Antioquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santander_Department" title="Santander Department">Santander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyac%C3%A1_Department" title="Boyacá Department">Boyacá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolima_Department" title="Tolima Department">Tolima</a>, and, <a href="/wiki/Huila_Department" title="Huila Department">Huila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Guabina rhythm includes dancers, but it may be played without them. There is a version of the Guabina that is played faster and is called Torbellino.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another type of Guabina, known as <i>guabina-torbellino</i>, is a mixture of the instrumental torbellino and the sung guabina, particularly in its <i><a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a></i> format. Guabina is most popular in rural communities.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Andean_genres">Other Andean genres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other Andean genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ul><li>Bambuco fiestero</li> <li>Bunde</li> <li>Caña</li> <li>Cañabrava</li> <li>Carranga</li> <li>Copla</li> <li>Danza Criolla</li> <li>Porro Antioqueño</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ul><li>Rajaleña</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba" title="Rumba">Rumba</a> Campesina</li> <li>Fandanguillo Criollo</li> <li>Guabina</li> <li>Guaneña</li> <li>Guasca</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li>Sanjuanero</li> <li>Torbellino</li> <li>Vueltas Antioqueñas</li> <li>Criollo <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orinoquía_Region_of_Colombia"><span id="Orinoqu.C3.ADa_Region_of_Colombia"></span><a href="/wiki/Orinoqu%C3%ADa_Region_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Orinoquía Region of Colombia">Orinoquía Region of Colombia</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Orinoquía Region of Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_Llanera.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eje_musical_Llanera.png/250px-Eje_musical_Llanera.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eje_musical_Llanera.png/375px-Eje_musical_Llanera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Eje_musical_Llanera.png/500px-Eje_musical_Llanera.png 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Eastern Plains</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Zumbaquezumba.ogg" title="File:Zumbaquezumba.ogg">Zumbaquezumba (Zumbaquezumba - example of a genre of folk music in the Eastern Plains.)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="36" data-mwtitle="Zumbaquezumba.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Zumbaquezumba.ogg/Zumbaquezumba.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Zumbaquezumba.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joropo">Joropo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Joropo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">Joropo</a></div> <p><i>Música llanera</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a>-led genre of music from the <a href="/wiki/Llanos" title="Llanos">Llanos</a> popular throughout Colombia. It includes the traditional <a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">joropo</a> musical style, and is known for verbal contests called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrapunteo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contrapunteo (page does not exist)">contrapunteo</a>. Artists in this genre include <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Rolando_Ortiz" title="Alfredo Rolando Ortiz">Alfredo Rolando Ortiz</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alma_Llanera_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alma Llanera (band) (page does not exist)">Alma Llanera</a> (Colombian band), <a href="/wiki/Cimarr%C3%B3n_(band)" title="Cimarrón (band)">Cimarrón</a> (band), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Ariel_Rey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Ariel Rey (page does not exist)">Luis Ariel Rey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Rojas_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Rojas (musician) (page does not exist)">Carlos Rojas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabor_Llanero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabor Llanero (page does not exist)">Sabor Llanero</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnulfo_Brice%C3%B1o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnulfo Briceño (page does not exist)">Arnulfo Briceño</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orlando_Valdemarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orlando Valdemarra (page does not exist)">Orlando Valdemarra</a>. This particular type of music is also popular in Venezuela due to the shared llanos. It is considered to be the national music of Venezuela. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llanera.com/musica/">Listen joropo music</a> . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Orinoco_region_genres">Other Orinoco region genres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other Orinoco region genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Cachicama</li> <li>Catira</li> <li>Chipola</li> <li>Contrapunteo</li> <li>Corrío</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galer%C3%B3n" title="Galerón">Galerón</a></li> <li>Gaván</li> <li>Pasaje</li> <li>Periquera</li> <li>Perro de Agua</li> <li>Gavilan</li> <li>Guacaba</li> <li>Guacharaca</li> <li>Juana Guerrero</li> <li>Merecure</li> <li>Moña or Moño</li> <li>Pajarillo</li> <li>Poema Llanero</li> <li>Quirpa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seis" title="Seis">Seis</a></li> <li>Zumba-que-zumba</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insular_Region_(Colombia)"><span id="Insular_Region_.28Colombia.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Insular_Region_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Region (Colombia)">Insular Region (Colombia)</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Insular Region (Colombia)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_genres">Musical genres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Musical genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calipso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compas" title="Compas">Compas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxtrot" title="Foxtrot">Foxtrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazurka" title="Mazurka">Mazurka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mento" title="Mento">Mento</a></li> <li>Praise Hymn</li> <li>Pasillo isleño</li> <li>Polca</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrille" title="Quadrille">Quadrille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schottische" title="Schottische">Schottische</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">Soca</a></li> <li>Vals isleño</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zouk_(musical_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zouk (musical movement)">Zouk</a></li></ul> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_Isle%C3%B1o.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Eje_musical_Isle%C3%B1o.png/250px-Eje_musical_Isle%C3%B1o.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Eje_musical_Isle%C3%B1o.png/375px-Eje_musical_Isle%C3%B1o.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Eje_musical_Isle%C3%B1o.png/500px-Eje_musical_Isle%C3%B1o.png 2x" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Insular Region</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Rub_a_Dub.ogg" title="File:Rub a Dub.ogg">Rub a Dub (Socca - example of a genre of folk music in the insular region.)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_7" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="36" data-mwtitle="Rub_a_Dub.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Rub_a_Dub.ogg/Rub_a_Dub.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Rub_a_Dub.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Creole Band</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amazon_Region_of_Colombia"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Region,_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Region, Colombia">Amazon Region of Colombia</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Amazon Region of Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eje_musical_de_Frontera_-_Amaz%C3%B3nico.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Eje_musical_de_Frontera_-_Amaz%C3%B3nico.png/250px-Eje_musical_de_Frontera_-_Amaz%C3%B3nico.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Eje_musical_de_Frontera_-_Amaz%C3%B3nico.png/375px-Eje_musical_de_Frontera_-_Amaz%C3%B3nico.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Eje_musical_de_Frontera_-_Amaz%C3%B3nico.png/500px-Eje_musical_de_Frontera_-_Amaz%C3%B3nico.png 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>Amazon Region</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_instruments">Musical instruments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Musical instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">Guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menguar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menguaré (page does not exist)">Menguaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaker_(musical_instrument)" title="Shaker (musical instrument)">Shakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">Tambourine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_genres_2">Musical genres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Musical genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batuques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batuques (page does not exist)">Batuques</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cir%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciría (page does not exist)">Ciría</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dobrado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dobrado (page does not exist)">Dobrado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariquinha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariquinha (page does not exist)">Mariquinha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixtianas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mixtianas (page does not exist)">Mixtianas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paseata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paseata (page does not exist)">Paseata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porrosambas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porrosambas (page does not exist)">Porrosambas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangarana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangarana (page does not exist)">Tangarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjuanito" title="Sanjuanito">Sanjuanito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">Huayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjuanero" title="Sanjuanero">Sanjuanero</a></li> <li>Merengure Campesino</li> <li>Tonadas Indígenas</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_music">Contemporary music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Contemporary music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombian_salsa">Colombian salsa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Colombian salsa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlos_Vives_interviewed_by_Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Canseco_at_Latinovator_Award_Luncheon._-hispz14_-estadiodetodos_(13609946414).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Carlos_Vives_interviewed_by_Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Canseco_at_Latinovator_Award_Luncheon._-hispz14_-estadiodetodos_%2813609946414%29.jpg/220px-Carlos_Vives_interviewed_by_Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Canseco_at_Latinovator_Award_Luncheon._-hispz14_-estadiodetodos_%2813609946414%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Carlos_Vives_interviewed_by_Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Canseco_at_Latinovator_Award_Luncheon._-hispz14_-estadiodetodos_%2813609946414%29.jpg/330px-Carlos_Vives_interviewed_by_Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Canseco_at_Latinovator_Award_Luncheon._-hispz14_-estadiodetodos_%2813609946414%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Carlos_Vives_interviewed_by_Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Canseco_at_Latinovator_Award_Luncheon._-hispz14_-estadiodetodos_%2813609946414%29.jpg/440px-Carlos_Vives_interviewed_by_Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Canseco_at_Latinovator_Award_Luncheon._-hispz14_-estadiodetodos_%2813609946414%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vives" title="Carlos Vives">Carlos Vives</a> interviewed by Ana María Canseco</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa music</a> was born among Puerto Ricans and Cubans in New York, but soon spread to Colombia. Native salsa groups like <a href="/wiki/Fruko_y_sus_Tesos" title="Fruko y sus Tesos">Fruko y sus Tesos</a> and labels that recorded them like <a href="/wiki/Discos_Fuentes" title="Discos Fuentes">Discos Fuentes</a> emerged. Artists like <a href="/wiki/Joe_Arroyo" title="Joe Arroyo">Joe Arroyo</a> followed, inventing a distinctively Colombian form of salsa. Other influential Colombian salsa artists include <a href="/wiki/Cristian_Del_Real" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristian Del Real">Cristian Del Real</a> "The Timbal Genius", <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Niche" title="Grupo Niche">Grupo Niche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alquimia_(band)" title="Alquimia (band)">Alquimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Misma_Gente_(Colombian_band)" title="La Misma Gente (Colombian band)">La Misma Gente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Titanes" title="Los Titanes">Los Titanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Nemus_del_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Los Nemus del Pacífico">Los Nemus del Pacífico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orquesta_Guayac%C3%A1n" title="Orquesta Guayacán">Orquesta Guayacán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Gal%C3%A9" title="Grupo Galé">Grupo Galé</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Sonora_Carruseles" class="mw-redirect" title="La Sonora Carruseles">La Sonora Carruseles</a>. Some of the most prolific composers in the genre are <a href="/wiki/Jairo_Varela" class="mw-redirect" title="Jairo Varela">Jairo Varela</a> and Nino Caicedo whose compositions have been recorded by Grupo Niche and Orquesta Guayacán respectively. Several Cuban and Puerto Rican musicians who have established in Colombia, such as Diego Valdés and <a href="/wiki/Israel_Tanenbaum" title="Israel Tanenbaum">Israel Tanenbaum</a>, have collaborated with Colombians in salsa projects. Recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2011)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Colombian dancers have become World Champions year after year and the style is becoming more popular and admired among Salsa professionals worldwide; with two of the most prominent salsa schools being <a href="/wiki/Swing_latino" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing latino">Swing Latino</a> driven by the dance choreographer Eduardo 'El Mulato' Hernandez, and Constelación Latina driven by one of the world's most beloved dancers Jhoanna 'KKO' Agudelo. As a dance, Colombian Salsa is unique and different from New York/Puerto Rico and Cuban salsa. Colombian Salsa concentrates on footwork and does not incorporate cross-body leads. Dancers leave the upper part of the body still and relaxed while the feet do extremely fast and complex movements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombian_rock_music">Colombian <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Colombian rock music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian rock</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relucientes_y_Rechinantes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Relucientes_y_Rechinantes.jpg/270px-Relucientes_y_Rechinantes.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Relucientes_y_Rechinantes.jpg/405px-Relucientes_y_Rechinantes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Relucientes_y_Rechinantes.jpg/540px-Relucientes_y_Rechinantes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aterciopelados" title="Aterciopelados">Aterciopelados</a> is a Spanish-language rock band from Colombia.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 1950s, Mexican <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock</a> artists like <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Enrique Guzmán">Enrique Guzmán</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Costa" title="César Costa">César Costa</a> became very popular in Colombia. Soon, native <a href="/wiki/Rock_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock band">rock bands</a> like <a href="/wiki/Los_Speakers" title="Los Speakers">Los Speakers</a> and The Flippers gained a wide following. Starting in 1967 (see <a href="/wiki/1967_in_music" title="1967 in music">1967 in music</a>), native bands like <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Génesis</a> (unrelated to the more famous band <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a> of a similar name) fused native musical forms (like cumbia) with rock. Marco, the voice of the Rock and Roll, was a pioneer and promoter of the "Rockabilly Colombian" performed with his unmistakable personal stamp in their own language. Virtuality is in their first recordings routed to the sensitive listener to enjoy the simplicity of rock bass, guitar and drums, combined into a whole to produce a very particular and in an atmosphere of a home recording studio, filled with reel tapes and three microphones mixed in mono line. (Marco Tulio Sanchez B) contributed to the Colombian rock and roll look to the past to remember our roots, dabbling in country and rockabilly music evokes Elvis Presley, is called today the "Elvis colombiano", awarded abroad for their ability on stage as a whole "Showman" and the unmistakable voice of Cronn rocker. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JuanesUnpluggedtour.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JuanesUnpluggedtour.JPG/220px-JuanesUnpluggedtour.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JuanesUnpluggedtour.JPG/330px-JuanesUnpluggedtour.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JuanesUnpluggedtour.JPG/440px-JuanesUnpluggedtour.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juanes" title="Juanes">Juanes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Rock in Colombia gained great popularity during the 1980s with the arrival of bands such as <a href="/wiki/Soda_Stereo" title="Soda Stereo">Soda Stereo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>), <a href="/wiki/Los_Prisioneros" title="Los Prisioneros">Los Prisioneros</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Hombres_G" title="Hombres G">Hombres G</a> (Spain). During the 90's, many punk and heavy metal bands appeared in Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali. Colombia has possibly the biggest underground, hardcore, metal and punk movement of the continent, and is known in Latin America as the "punk corner". <a href="/wiki/Kraken_(band)" title="Kraken (band)">Kraken</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masacre_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masacre (band) (page does not exist)">Masacre</a> are some of the most important Colombian <a href="/wiki/Rock_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock band">rock bands</a>. </p><p>The music event <a href="/wiki/Rock_al_Parque" title="Rock al Parque">Rock al Parque</a> celebrated yearly in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> is the largest free rock festival in Latin America; around 100 bands playing their music along 3 days and 400,000 people in attendance. Currently, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Kr%C3%A1pula" title="Doctor Krápula">Doctor Krápula</a>, a rock band with strong ska influences that is known for making covers of traditional Latin American songs, enjoys great popularity. A popular Colombian Rock band outside of Colombia is <a href="/wiki/The_Monas" title="The Monas">The Monas</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aterciopelados" title="Aterciopelados">Aterciopelados</a> named "Colombia's Hottest Band" in a <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine article,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the most recognized Rock bands of Colombia. "The band, made up of front woman Andrea Echeverri and bassist/producer Hector Buitrago, mixes punk, surf guitar and ska with folky Colombian styles such as vallenato, a bouncy, accordion-heavy genre".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other popular and interesting bands are Ekhymosis, a group led by Juanes, who began making music in 1988 and are known for doing rock with a Colombian influence, <a href="/wiki/The_Hall_Effect_(band)" title="The Hall Effect (band)">The Hall Effect</a> who make English pop/rock linked with Britpop influences. <a href="/w/index.php?title=SOUNDACITY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SOUNDACITY (page does not exist)">SOUNDACITY</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> performs a mix of Brit rock, pop and Andean sounds, rhythms and instrumentation, sing both in English and Spanish and have toured the United States east coast. Proper Strangers is an avant-garde rock band. Two Way Analog is an eclectic band whose influence are roadmovies and its soundtracks, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divagash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divagash (page does not exist)">Divagash</a> is an electronic soft-rock band, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Pestilencia" class="extiw" title="es:La Pestilencia">La Pestilencia</a> is a post-hardcore band, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bajo_Tierra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bajo Tierra (page does not exist)">Bajo Tierra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palenke_Soultribe" title="Palenke Soultribe">Palenke Soultribe</a> (traditional Colombin roots music fused with electronic beats). But, possibly, the most successful "indie" band is <a href="/wiki/Sidestepper" title="Sidestepper">Sidestepper</a>, with its fusion of Colombian traditional music, electronic and African rhythms, who already appeared in <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachella Festival">Coachella Festival</a> in 2006. Some musical groups in the <a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">death metal</a> genre are the world-famous Internal Suffering, Carnivore Diprosopus, Goretrade, Mindly Rotten, Suppuration, and Amputated Genitals. Colombia is also the birthplace of the well known <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Inquisition_(metal_band)" title="Inquisition (metal band)">Inquisition</a>, now based in Seattle, Washington. Miguel Fernando Trapezaris, the bassist of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>-based Epic <a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">power metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Winter%27s_Verge" title="Winter's Verge">Winter's Verge</a>, is of Colombian descent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombian_pop_music">Colombian <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Colombian pop music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Music_of_Colombia" title="Special:EditPage/Music of Colombia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shakira_Rio_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Shakira_Rio_03.jpg/220px-Shakira_Rio_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Shakira_Rio_03.jpg/330px-Shakira_Rio_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Shakira_Rio_03.jpg/440px-Shakira_Rio_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3230" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maluma_and_Madonna.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Maluma_and_Madonna.PNG/220px-Maluma_and_Madonna.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Maluma_and_Madonna.PNG/330px-Maluma_and_Madonna.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Maluma_and_Madonna.PNG/440px-Maluma_and_Madonna.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1658" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maluma" title="Maluma">Maluma</a> during the world premiere of music video "Medellin" on MTV</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fanny_Lu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Fanny_Lu.jpg/150px-Fanny_Lu.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Fanny_Lu.jpg/225px-Fanny_Lu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Fanny_Lu.jpg/300px-Fanny_Lu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Lu" title="Fanny Lu">Fanny Lu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>This musical genre has been growing recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2011)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> with artists like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_de_Adentro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los de Adentro (page does not exist)">Los de Adentro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Alejo_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Alejo (band) (page does not exist)">San Alejo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebastian_Yepes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastian Yepes (page does not exist)">Sebastian Yepes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Arnau" title="Lucas Arnau">Lucas Arnau</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_%26_Palodeagua" title="Mauricio & Palodeagua">Mauricio & Palodeagua</a>. Pop with strong traces of traditional Colombian music, named <a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Tropipop</a>, is also rising currently. <a href="/wiki/Fonseca_(singer)" title="Fonseca (singer)">Fonseca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%ADa_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maía (singer)">Maía</a> represent this trend. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Some_of_Colombia's_most_recognized_pop_artists"><span id="Some_of_Colombia.27s_most_recognized_pop_artists"></span>Some of Colombia's most recognized pop artists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Some of Colombia's most recognized pop artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a> is the highest selling and most recognized Colombian artist. After the success of her album <i><a href="/wiki/Pies_Descalzos" title="Pies Descalzos">Pies Descalzos</a></i> in 1995, Shakira began working with producer Emilio Estefan Jr. and recorded <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3nde_Est%C3%A1n_los_Ladrones%3F" title="Dónde Están los Ladrones?">Dónde Están los Ladrones?</a></i>, which sold millions worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Showing all her talent, after her <i><a href="/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_(Shakira_album)" title="MTV Unplugged (Shakira album)">MTV Unplugged</a></i> presentation, Shakira went on to make an English album <i><a href="/wiki/Laundry_Service_(album)" title="Laundry Service (album)">Laundry Service</a></i> which debuted at #3 in the Billboard Charts of the USA. </p><p>One of her most successful songs is <i><a href="/wiki/Hips_Don%27t_Lie" title="Hips Don't Lie">Hips Don't Lie</a></i>, which sold over 10 million copies and downloads worldwide, topped in over 70 countries #1.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She is winner of 2 American and 7 Latin Grammies. In 2008, Shakira was nominated for a Golden Globe. </p><p>Singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Juanes" title="Juanes">Juanes</a> is also one of the most important singers from Colombia. He stood out at the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Grammy">Latin Grammys</a> in 2003 with his album <i><a href="/wiki/Un_D%C3%ADa_Normal" title="Un Día Normal">Un Día Normal</a></i>, which has become very popular in the US and Europe. Juanes is the most important Colombian artist of the last decade, as mentioned by the <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> magazine and Colombian <i><a href="/wiki/El_Espectador" title="El Espectador">El Espectador</a></i> newspapaer, due to the success of songs such as <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADjate_Bien_(song)" title="Fíjate Bien (song)">Fíjate Bien</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Dios_le_Pido" title="A Dios le Pido">A Dios le Pido</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Camisa_Negra" title="La Camisa Negra">La Camisa Negra</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Me_Enamora" title="Me Enamora">Me Enamora</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Yerbatero" title="Yerbatero">Yerbatero</a></i>. His albums <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADjate_Bien" title="Fíjate Bien">Fíjate Bien</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Un_D%C3%ADa_Normal" title="Un Día Normal">Un Día Normal</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mi_Sangre" title="Mi Sangre">Mi Sangre</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Vida_es_un_Ratico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Vida es un Ratico (page does not exist)">La Vida es un Ratico</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/P.A.R.C.E." title="P.A.R.C.E.">P.A.R.C.E.</a></i> have been successful in many countries around the world. </p><p>Juanes was chosen by <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> as a <b>global icon</b> and is the youngest of the list.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His humanitarian activism has characterized him as a very supportive artist in the history of Latin music. Since he began his musical career, Juanes has broken several records in the history of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards" title="Latin Grammy Awards">Latin Grammys</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fanny_L%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanny Lú">Fanny Lú</a>, is also an important artist, from the southern city of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cali" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Cali">Santiago de Cali</a>. She has released three full-length albums, <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1grimas_C%C3%A1lidas" title="Lágrimas Cálidas">Lágrimas Cálidas</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dos_(Fanny_L%C3%BA_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dos (Fanny Lú album)">Dos</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Felicidad_y_Perpetua" title="Felicidad y Perpetua">Felicidad y Perpetua</a></i>. Her first almbum produced two hits: <i>No Te Pido Flores</i> and <i>Y Si Te Digo</i>. The second one included the hit <i>Tú No Eres Para Mi</i> and, more recently, <i>Fanfarrón</i> became a hit from her third studio album. She also serves as a <a href="/wiki/Goodwill_Ambassador" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodwill Ambassador">Goodwill Ambassador</a> to the United Nations. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%ADa_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maía (singer)">Maía</a>, born in the same port city as Shakira, <a href="/wiki/Barranquilla" title="Barranquilla">Barranquilla</a>, is a trilingual artist who has topped the charts with several international hits including <i>Niña Bonita</i>, <i>Se Me Acabó El Amor</i>, and <i>Ingenuidad</i>. From her debut album, there is <i><a href="/wiki/El_Baile_de_los_Sue%C3%B1os" class="mw-redirect" title="El Baile de los Sueños">El Baile de los Sueños</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ilona_(singer)" title="Ilona (singer)">Ilona</a>, a native of Colombia's capital city, <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, cut her teeth singing in the <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">public transport bus service</a> at the age of 15. She has released two full-length studio albums including <i>Desde Mi Ventana</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Grammy Award">Latin Grammy Award</a> nominated <i><a href="/wiki/All%C3%A1_en_el_Sur" title="Allá en el Sur">Allá en el Sur</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vives" title="Carlos Vives">Carlos Vives</a>, a singer from the coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Marta" title="Santa Marta">Santa Marta</a>, is famous for fusing classic <a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">vallenato</a> sounds with rock and pop music. He has collaborated with diverse international artists such as <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Martin" title="Ricky Martin">Ricky Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Anthony" title="Marc Anthony">Marc Anthony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daddy_Yankee" title="Daddy Yankee">Daddy Yankee</a>, as well as countrymen <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Yatra" title="Sebastián Yatra">Sebastián Yatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/ChocQuibTown" title="ChocQuibTown">ChocQuibTown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maluma_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maluma (singer)">Maluma</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Naty_Botero" title="Naty Botero">Naty Botero</a>, is a singer and composer from the city of Medellín, known for interpreting pop and Latin pop songs. Some of her main hits are <i>Te Quiero Mucho</i>, <i>Dinosaurio</i>, <i>Mio</i> and <i>Adicta</i>, among others. She have worked on musical productions with Colombian artists such as <a href="/wiki/Joe_Arroyo" title="Joe Arroyo">Joe Arroyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/ChocQuibTown" title="ChocQuibTown">ChocQuibTown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Cabas" title="Andrés Cabas">Andrés Cabas</a> and artists from other countries such as <a href="/wiki/Felix_da_Housecat" title="Felix da Housecat">Felix da Housecat</a>. She also has a foundation called <i>Coraje</i>, to help the native people of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_de_Santa_Marta" title="Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta">Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other famous pop singers include artists such as <a href="/wiki/Soraya_(musician)" title="Soraya (musician)">Soraya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anasol" class="mw-redirect" title="Anasol">Anasol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paula_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paula (singer)">Paula Arenas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Arnau" title="Lucas Arnau">Lucas Arnau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marbelle" title="Marbelle">Marbelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Stone" title="Ali Stone">Ali Stone</a> and more recently, <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Yatra" title="Sebastián Yatra">Sebastián Yatra</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombian_urban_and_hip-hop_music">Colombian urban and hip-hop music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Colombian urban and hip-hop music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karol_G_Telemedell%C3%ADn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Karol_G_Telemedell%C3%ADn.jpg/220px-Karol_G_Telemedell%C3%ADn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Karol_G_Telemedell%C3%ADn.jpg/330px-Karol_G_Telemedell%C3%ADn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Karol_G_Telemedell%C3%ADn.jpg/440px-Karol_G_Telemedell%C3%ADn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="726" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karol_G" title="Karol G">Karol G</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farina_2019.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Farina_2019.png/200px-Farina_2019.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Farina_2019.png 1.5x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Farina_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Farina (singer)">Farina</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hip Hop</b> came to Colombia in the late 1980s when a few US Hip-Hop tracks by NWA and MC Hammer spurred a break-dancing fever among the young of the less privileged areas of major cities such as Medellín, Cali and Bogotá. Towards the end of this decade groups began to form, eventually leading to complete album productions in the mid-1990s. <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Etnnia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Etnnia (page does not exist)">La Etnnia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gotas_de_Rap" title="Gotas de Rap">Gotas de Rap</a> were two of the various hip-hop groups that emerged and are widely considered as the pioneers of Colombian Rap. Promoting a very independent style, both groups expressed extreme political and social views, protesting violence, corruption, inequality and hardships in the marginalized regions of Colombia. Then <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asilo_38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asilo 38 (page does not exist)">Asilo 38</a> from Cali come onto the scene with the albums, <i>La Hoguera</i> (2000) and <i>La Descarga</i> (2002), presenting a more commercial and polished sound, while still retaining strong socio-political messages. <br />It is about this time that <b>Reggaeton</b> from Puerto Rico surges in popularity and Hip-Hop in Colombia takes a back seat for a while as artists try their hand at the new controversial sound. Artist(s) such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tres_Pesos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tres Pesos (page does not exist)">Tres Pesos</a>, <a href="/wiki/J_Balvin" title="J Balvin">J Balvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maluma_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maluma (singer)">Maluma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reykon" title="Reykon">Reykon</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yelsid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yelsid (page does not exist)">Yelsid</a> have established themselves in this genre and hits such as 'Baila (Negra de trasero grande)' by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leka_el_Poeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leka el Poeta (page does not exist)">Leka el Poeta</a> and the explixcitly worded 'La Quemona' and 'Micaela' by <a href="/wiki/Masterboy" title="Masterboy">Master Boy</a> take the country by storm. Even the first ever Colombian 'X Factor' in 2006 produces a Reggaeton singer called Farina Pao Paucar Franco who places third in the competition. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J_Balvin_-_Sigo_Extra%C3%B1%C3%A1ndote_-_Festival_de_Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_2017_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/J_Balvin_-_Sigo_Extra%C3%B1%C3%A1ndote_-_Festival_de_Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_2017_%282%29.jpg/250px-J_Balvin_-_Sigo_Extra%C3%B1%C3%A1ndote_-_Festival_de_Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_2017_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/J_Balvin_-_Sigo_Extra%C3%B1%C3%A1ndote_-_Festival_de_Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_2017_%282%29.jpg/375px-J_Balvin_-_Sigo_Extra%C3%B1%C3%A1ndote_-_Festival_de_Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_2017_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/J_Balvin_-_Sigo_Extra%C3%B1%C3%A1ndote_-_Festival_de_Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_2017_%282%29.jpg/500px-J_Balvin_-_Sigo_Extra%C3%B1%C3%A1ndote_-_Festival_de_Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_2017_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J_Balvin" title="J Balvin">J Balvin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Karol G is a Colombian reggaetón singer who has done collaborations with other reggaetón singers, such as J Balvin, Bad Bunny, and Maluma.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout her career, Karol G has had troubles in the industry because reggaetón is a genre that is dominated by male artists. She recounts how when starting her career she noticed that there weren't many opportunities for her in the genre because reggaeton was dominated by male artists. In 2018, Karol G's single Mi Cama became very popular and she made a remix with J Balvin and Nicky Jam. The Mi cama remix appeared in the top 10 Hot Latin Songs and number 1 in Latin Airplay charts.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This year she has collaborated with Maluma called Creeme and with Anuel AA in Culpables. The single, Culpables has been in the top 10 Hot Latin Songs for 2 consecutive weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Reggae</b> has always been popular in the Colombian Caribbean islands of San Andres and Providence and Spanish Reggae from Panama has helped to strengthen the movement of Reggae artists in the Colombian interior. Artists such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voodoo_Soul_Jah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voodoo Soul Jah (page does not exist)">Voodoo Soul Jah</a>, Nawal and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alerta_Kamarada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alerta Kamarada (page does not exist)">Alerta Kamarada</a> (Colombian representatives in the Jamaican Reggae festival) are currently spearheading this ever more popular genre in Colombia. <br />2006 brings a renaissance in Colombian <b>Hip-Hop</b> in the form of Afro-Colombian group <a href="/wiki/ChocQuibTown" title="ChocQuibTown">ChocQuibTown</a>, fusing traditional rhythms and instruments from their native lands in the Colombian Pacific into their sound. Already hailed as the new phenemomenon in Colombian Hip-Hop, their popularity is ever increasing and making way for other Urban artists to emerge. One such artist is <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiggy_Drama" class="extiw" title="es:Jiggy Drama">Jiggy Drama</a>, from the island of San Andres, who has become one of the most loved and controversial rap artist in Colombia, his lyrics are spicy and intelligent. <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiggy_Drama" class="extiw" title="es:Jiggy Drama">Jiggy Drama</a> collaborated with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Party_Cartel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colombian Party Cartel (page does not exist)">Colombian Party Cartel</a> on the urban merengue track "Chico Malo". *On the international stage <a href="/wiki/Aztek_Escobar" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztek Escobar">Aztek Escobar</a> based in Houston, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Party_Cartel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colombian Party Cartel (page does not exist)">Colombian Party Cartel</a> based in Nashville, <a href="/wiki/Tres_Coronas" title="Tres Coronas">Tres Coronas</a> based in New York, <a href="/wiki/Adassa" title="Adassa">Adassa</a> based in Miami and 3 of the seven-man group of <a href="/wiki/Culcha_Candela" title="Culcha Candela">Culcha Candela</a> in Berlin, Germany are representing Colombian urban music worldwide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colombia" title="Portal:Colombia">Colombia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/22px-Conga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/32px-Conga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/43px-Conga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="990" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_music" title="Portal:Latin music">Latin music portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Colombian_music" title="Glossary of Colombian music">Glossary of Colombian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_music" title="Muisca music">Muisca music</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Colombia%27s+Hottest+Rock+Band&rft.date=2006-10-27&rft.aulast=Carolina&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Farts%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1551674%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundacity.net">"▷ Indie Cave - Sonidos Underground - Musica para tus Ojos y tus Oidos"</a>. <i>Indie Cave</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indie+Cave&rft.atitle=%E2%96%B7+Indie+Cave+-+Sonidos+Underground+-+Musica+para+tus+Ojos+y+tus+Oidos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundacity.net&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/popheads/comments/9jovrz/shakiras_magnus_opus_donde_est%C3%A1n_los_ladrones_was/">"Shakira's MAGNUS OPUS "Donde Están Los Ladrones?" was released 20 years ago"</a>. <i>Reddit - www.reddit.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reddit+-+www.reddit.com&rft.atitle=Shakira%27s+MAGNUS+OPUS+%22Donde+Est%C3%A1n+Los+Ladrones%3F%22+was+released+20+years+ago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2Fpopheads%2Fcomments%2F9jovrz%2Fshakiras_magnus_opus_donde_est%25C3%25A1n_los_ladrones_was%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.imdb.com/title/tt6715652/trivia/">"Shakira Feat. Wyclef Jean: Hips Don't Lie"</a>. <i>IMDb - www.imdb.com</i>. IMDb.com, Inc. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb+-+www.imdb.com&rft.atitle=Shakira+Feat.+Wyclef+Jean%3A+Hips+Don%27t+Lie&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt6715652%2Ftrivia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peermusic.com/news/55">"Juanes Named One Of The Top 20 Global Music Icons of The Last 50 Years By CNN"</a>. <i>Peer Music - www.peermusic.com</i>. Peermusic.com, Inc. 4 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peer+Music+-+www.peermusic.com&rft.atitle=Juanes+Named+One+Of+The+Top+20+Global+Music+Icons+of+The+Last+50+Years+By+CNN&rft.date=2010-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peermusic.com%2Fnews%2F55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deezer.com/en/artist/1404295">"Naty Botero"</a>. <i>Deezer - www.deezer.com</i>. Deezer. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deezer+-+www.deezer.com&rft.atitle=Naty+Botero&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deezer.com%2Fen%2Fartist%2F1404295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/8483820/karol-g-collaborations-2018-watch">"Karol G's 2018 Collaborations (So Far): Watch The Videos"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. November 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Karol+G%27s+2018+Collaborations+%28So+Far%29%3A+Watch+The+Videos&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Flatin%2F8483820%2Fkarol-g-collaborations-2018-watch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/8482453/becky-g-karol-g-latin-leading-ladies-interview">"Becky G and Karol G on Music's Latinas: 'There's Space For All Of Us'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. November 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Becky+G+and+Karol+G+on+Music%27s+Latinas%3A+%27There%27s+Space+For+All+Of+Us%27&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Flatin%2F8482453%2Fbecky-g-karol-g-latin-leading-ladies-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brill, Mark. Music of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2nd Edition, 2018. Taylor & Francis <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1138053562" title="Special:BookSources/1138053562">1138053562</a></li> <li>Burton, Kim. "El Sonido Dorado". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), <i>World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific</i>, pp 372–385. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0">1-85828-636-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Colombia&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-ge.ch/meg/musinfo_ph.php?what=pays=Colombie&debut=0&bool=AND">Audio clips: Traditional music of the Colombia.</a> <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27ethnographie_de_Gen%C3%A8ve" title="Musée d'ethnographie de Genève">Musée d'ethnographie de Genève</a>. Accessed November 25, 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180419183236/http://www.antipoda.net/">Antipoda.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundacity.net">Soundacity.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solar.physics.montana.edu/munoz/AboutMe/ColombianMusic/English_Content.html">A small trip through Colombian music</a> A small trip through the music of the natural regions of Colombia including pictures of the different instruments and music samples.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundsandcolours.com">Sounds and Colours</a> South American music and culture magazine, with plenty of features on Colombian music.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llanera.com/musica/">Listen llanera music</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141219095942/http://www.colombianpartycartel.com/">Listen Colombian Party Cartel music</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jiggydrama.com">Listen Jiggy Drama music</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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title="Music of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Western_Sahara" title="Music of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Latin_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Latin_America" title="Template:Music of Latin America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Latin_America" title="Template talk:Music of Latin America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Latin_America" 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title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ecuador" title="Music of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guatemala" title="Music of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Honduras" title="Music of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_music_in_the_United_States" title="Latin American music in the United States">United States</a>: <small><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American music">Central America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colombia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colombia_topics" title="Template:Colombia topics"><abbr title="View this 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href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Kingdom of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">Viceroyalty of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foolish_Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Foolish Fatherland">Foolish Fatherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_New_Granada" title="United Provinces of New Granada">United Provinces of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Military career of Simón Bolívar">Military career of Simón Bolívar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Wars of independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">reunification</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_New_Granada" title="Republic of New Granada">Republic of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granadine_Confederation" title="Granadine Confederation">Granadine Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Colombia" title="United States of Colombia">United States of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Republic of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Civil_War_of_1895" title="Colombian Civil War of 1895">Colombian Civil War of 1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Panama_from_Colombia" title="Separation of Panama from Colombia">Separation of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_War" title="Colombia–Peru War">Colombia–Peru War (Leticia Incident)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" title="Colombia during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Colombia)" title="National Front (Colombia)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Current internal armed conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peace_process" title="Colombian peace process">Colombian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Colombia" title="Geography of Colombia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Colombia" title="Biodiversity of Colombia">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Colombia" title="Fauna of Colombia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Colombia" title="Flora of Colombia">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Colombia" title="Climate of Colombia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Colombia" title="Geology of Colombia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Colombia" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Colombia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Colombia" title="Category:Islands of Colombia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Colombia" title="List of rivers of Colombia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valleys_and_Plateaus_of_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valleys and Plateaus of Colombia (page does not exist)">Valleys and Plateaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Colombia" title="List of national parks of Colombia">National parks <span style="font-size:85%;">(Protected Areas)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Colombia" title="List of cities and towns in Colombia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_hazards_in_Colombia" title="Natural hazards in Colombia">Natural hazards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Colombia" title="Environmental issues in Colombia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_invasive_species_in_Colombia" title="List of invasive species in Colombia">Invasive species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_regions_of_Colombia" title="Natural regions of Colombia">Natural regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_natural_region" title="Amazon natural region">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_natural_region" title="Andean natural region">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_natural_region" title="Caribbean natural region">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_region_of_Colombia" title="Insular region of Colombia">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinoqu%C3%ADa_natural_region" title="Orinoquía natural region">Orinoquía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific/Choc%C3%B3_natural_region" title="Pacific/Chocó natural region">Pacific/Chocó</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Colombia" title="Administrative divisions of Colombia">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Colombia" title="Municipalities of Colombia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_of_Colombia" title="Metropolitan areas of Colombia">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Capital District</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corregimientos_of_Colombia" title="Corregimientos of Colombia">Corregimientos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_territory_(Colombia)" title="Indigenous territory (Colombia)">Indigenous territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Colombia" title="List of political parties in Colombia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colombia" title="Elections in Colombia">Elections</a></li> <li>Ideologies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Colombia" title="Liberalism in Colombia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Colombia" title="Communism in Colombia">Communism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colombia" title="Government of Colombia">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Constitution_of_1991" title="Colombian Constitution of 1991">Constitution</a></li> <li>Control <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Auditor_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Auditor General of Colombia">Auditor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Comptroller General of Colombia">Comptroller General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Inspector General of Colombia">Inspector General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombudsman%27s_Office_of_Colombia" title="Ombudsman's Office of Colombia">Ombudsman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Branch_of_Colombia" title="Executive Branch of Colombia">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Colombia" title="Council of Ministers of Colombia">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_entities_of_Colombia" title="Government entities of Colombia">Government agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Colombia" title="Vice President of Colombia">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Colombia" title="Foreign relations of Colombia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Colombia" title="Judiciary of Colombia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Colombia" title="National Police of Colombia">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Aerospace Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Colombia" title="National Army of Colombia">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Navy" title="Colombian Navy">Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colombia" title="Economy of Colombia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Colombia">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_(Colombia)" title="Bank of the Republic (Colombia)">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Colombia" title="List of companies of Colombia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Colombia" title="Economic history of Colombia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Colombia" title="Agriculture in Colombia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Colombia" title="Industry of Colombia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Colombia" title="Mineral industry of Colombia">Mineral industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Peso <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombia Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Colombia" title="Science and technology in Colombia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Colombia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Colombia" title="Taxation in Colombia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Colombia" title="Trade unions in Colombia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Colombia" title="Tourism in Colombia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Colombia" title="Transport in Colombia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Colombia" title="Category:Society of Colombia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colombia" title="Abortion in Colombia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombians" title="Colombians">Colombians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colombians" title="List of Colombians">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Colombia" title="Demographics of Colombia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Colombia" title="Education in Colombia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" title="Race and ethnicity in Colombia">Race and ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Colombia" title="Health care in Colombia">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Colombia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Colombia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Colombia" title="Women in Colombia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Colombia" title="Culture of Colombia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Colombia" title="List of archaeological sites in Colombia">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Colombia" title="Architecture of Colombia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_art" title="Colombian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Colombia">Video gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_Colombia" title="Carnival in Colombia">Carnivals</a></li> <li><a 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Colombia">Guerrilla movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_paramilitarism_in_Colombia" title="Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia">Right-wing paramilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_in_popular_culture" title="Colombia in popular culture">Colombia in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Colombia" title="Outline of Colombia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Colombia-related_articles" title="Index of Colombia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colombia" title="Category:Colombia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colombia" title="Portal:Colombia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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