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In it only a few people, eight in all, were saved through water, <a href="/nlt/1_peter/3.htm">New Living Translation</a> those who disobeyed God long ago when God waited patiently while Noah was building his boat. Only eight people were saved from drowning in that terrible flood. <a href="/esv/1_peter/3.htm">English Standard Version</a> because they formerly did not obey, when God’s patience waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared, in which a few, that is, eight persons, were brought safely through water. <a href="/bsb/1_peter/3.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> who disobeyed long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. In the ark a few people, only eight souls, were saved through water. <a href="/blb/1_peter/3.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> at one time having disobeyed, when the longsuffering of God was waiting in the days of Noah, of the ark being prepared, in which a few--that is, eight souls--were saved through water, <a href="/kjv/1_peter/3.htm">King James Bible</a> Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water. <a href="/nkjv/1_peter/3.htm">New King James Version</a> who formerly were disobedient, when once the Divine longsuffering waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared, in which a few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water. <a href="/nasb_/1_peter/3.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> who once were disobedient when the patience of God kept waiting in the days of Noah, during the construction of the ark, in which a few, that is, eight persons, were brought safely through the water. <a href="/nasb/1_peter/3.htm">NASB 1995</a> who once were disobedient, when the patience of God kept waiting in the days of Noah, during the construction of the ark, in which a few, that is, eight persons, were brought safely through the water. <a href="/nasb77/1_peter/3.htm">NASB 1977 </a> who once were disobedient, when the patience of God kept waiting in the days of Noah, during the construction of the ark, in which a few, that is, eight persons, were brought safely through the water. <a href="/lsb/1_peter/3.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> who once were disobedient, when the patience of God kept waiting in the days of Noah, during the construction of the ark, in which a few, that is, eight persons, were brought safely through the water. <a href="/amp/1_peter/3.htm">Amplified Bible</a> who once were disobedient, when the great patience of God was waiting in the days of Noah, during the building of the ark, in which a few, that is, eight persons [Noah’s family], were brought safely through the water. <a href="/csb/1_peter/3.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> who in the past were disobedient, when God patiently waited in the days of Noah while the ark was being prepared. In it a few—that is, eight people —were saved through water. <a href="/hcsb/1_peter/3.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> who in the past were disobedient, when God patiently waited in the days of Noah while an ark was being prepared. In it a few—that is, eight people—were saved through water. <a href="/asv/1_peter/3.htm">American Standard Version</a> that aforetime were disobedient, when the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water: <a href="/cev/1_peter/3.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> They had disobeyed God while Noah was building the boat, but God had been patient with them. Eight people went into that boat and were brought safely through the flood. <a href="/erv/1_peter/3.htm">English Revised Version</a> which aforetime were disobedient, when the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water: <a href="/gwt/1_peter/3.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> They are like those who disobeyed long ago in the days of Noah when God waited patiently while Noah built the ship. In this ship a few people-eight in all-were saved by water. <a href="/gnt/1_peter/3.htm">Good News Translation</a> These were the spirits of those who had not obeyed God when he waited patiently during the days that Noah was building his boat. The few people in the boat--eight in all--were saved by the water, <a href="/isv/1_peter/3.htm">International Standard Version</a> who disobeyed long ago in the days of Noah, when God waited patiently while the ark was being built. In it a few, that is, eight persons, were saved by water. <a href="/msb/1_peter/3.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> who disobeyed long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. In the ark a few people, only eight souls, were saved through water. <a href="/net/1_peter/3.htm">NET Bible</a> after they were disobedient long ago when God patiently waited in the days of Noah as an ark was being constructed. In the ark a few, that is eight souls, were delivered through water. <a href="/nheb/1_peter/3.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> who before were disobedient, when God waited patiently in the days of Noah, while the box-shaped vessel was being built. In it, few, that is, eight souls, were saved by means of water. <a href="/wbt/1_peter/3.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> Who formerly were disobedient, when once the long-suffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was preparing, in which few, that is, eight souls, were saved by water. <a href="/wey/1_peter/3.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> who in ancient times had been disobedient, while God's longsuffering was patiently waiting in the days of Noah during the building of the Ark, in which a few persons--eight in number--were brought safely through the water. <a href="/web/1_peter/3.htm">World English Bible</a> who before were disobedient when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ship was being built. In it, few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/1_peter/3.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> who sometime [ago] disobeyed when once the long-suffering of God waited, in [the] days of Noah—an ark being prepared—in which few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water, <a href="/blb/1_peter/3.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> at one time having disobeyed, when the longsuffering of God was waiting in the days of Noah, of the ark being prepared, in which a few--that is, eight souls--were saved through water, <a href="/ylt/1_peter/3.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> who sometime disbelieved, when once the long-suffering of God did wait, in days of Noah -- an ark being preparing -- in which few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water; <a href="/slt/1_peter/3.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> They having been once unbelieving, when the longsuffering of God waited in Noah's days, the ark being prepared, in which few, that is, eight souls were saved by water.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/1_peter/3.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> Which had been some time incredulous, when they waited for the patience of God in the days of Noe, when the ark was a building: wherein a few, that is, eight souls, were saved by water. <a href="/cpdv/1_peter/3.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> who had been unbelieving in past times, while they waited for the patience of God, as in the days of Noah, when the ark was being built. In that ark, a few, that is, eight souls, were saved by water. <a href="/nabre/1_peter/3.htm">New American Bible</a> who had once been disobedient while God patiently waited in the days of Noah during the building of the ark, in which a few persons, eight in all, were saved through water. <a href="/nrsvce/1_peter/3.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> who in former times did not obey, when God waited patiently in the days of Noah, during the building of the ark, in which a few, that is, eight persons, were saved through water.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/1_peter/3.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> Those who in the past were disobedient; and in the days of Noah, when the Spirit of God had patience, he commanded an ark to be made in the hope of their repentance, but only eight souls entered into it, and were saved by it floating upon the water. <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/1_peter/3.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> These who from the first were not convinced in the days of Noah when the long-suffering of God commanded that there would be an ark, upon the hope of their repentance, and only eight souls entered it and were kept alive by water. <div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/1_peter/3.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> who formerly were disobedient, when the long-suffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while an ark was preparing, in which few, that is, eight souls, were brought in safety through the water; <a href="/godbey/1_peter/3.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> who at one time were disobedient, when the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, the ark being prepared, in which a few, that is, eight souls were saved through the water. <a href="/haweis/1_peter/3.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> who in time of old were disobedient, when the long suffering of God in the days of Noe waited, while the ark was preparing, in which a few, that is, eight persons, were preserved through the water. <a href="/mace/1_peter/3.htm">Mace New Testament</a> those antient rebels in the time of Noah, when the divine forbearance waited, till the ark was quite finish'd, in which only eight persons were saved by means of the water. <a href="/wey/1_peter/3.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> who in ancient times had been disobedient, while God's longsuffering was patiently waiting in the days of Noah during the building of the Ark, in which a few persons--eight in number--were brought safely through the water. <a href="/worrell/1_peter/3.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> who were once disobedient, when the long-suffering of God was waiting in the days of Noah, while an ark was being prepared, entering into which, a few, that is, eight, souls were saved through water; <a href="/worsley/1_peter/3.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> who of old were disobedient, when the long-suffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was preparing; wherein a few, that is eight souls, were saved by water. <a href="/parallel/1_peter/3-20.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1h9-AlUcaGE?start=670" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/1_peter/3.htm">Suffering for Righteousness</a> …19in whom He also went and preached to the spirits in prison 20<a href="/greek/544.htm" title="544: apeithēsasin (V-APA-DMP) -- To disobey, rebel, be disloyal, refuse conformity. From apeithes; to disbelieve.">who disobeyed</a> <a href="/greek/4218.htm" title="4218: pote (Prtcl) -- At one time or other, at some time, formerly. From the base of pou and te; indefinite adverb, at some time, ever.">long ago</a> <a href="/greek/3753.htm" title="3753: hote (Adv) -- When, at which time. From hos and te; at which too, i.e. When.">when</a> <a href="/greek/2316.htm" title="2316: Theou (N-GMS) -- A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.">God</a> <a href="/greek/553.htm" title="553: apexedecheto (V-IIM/P-3S) -- To expect eagerly, wait for eagerly, look for. From apo and ekdechomai; to expect fully.">waited</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: hē (Art-NFS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/3115.htm" title="3115: makrothymia (N-NFS) -- Patience, forbearance, longsuffering. From the same as makrothumos; longanimity, i.e. forbearance or fortitude.">patiently</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tou (Art-GMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/1722.htm" title="1722: en (Prep) -- In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; in, at, on, by, etc.">in</a> <a href="/greek/2250.htm" title="2250: hēmerais (N-DFP) -- A day, the period from sunrise to sunset. ">the days</a> <a href="/greek/3575.htm" title="3575: Nōe (N-GMS) -- (Hebrew) Noah. Of Hebrew origin; Noe, a patriarch.">of Noah</a> <a href="/greek/2787.htm" title="2787: kibōtou (N-GFS) -- A box, i.e. The sacred ark and that of Noah.">while the ark</a> <a href="/greek/2680.htm" title="2680: kataskeuazomenēs (V-PPM/P-GFS) -- From kata and a derivative of skeuos; to prepare thoroughly; by implication, to construct, create.">was being built.</a> <a href="/greek/1519.htm" title="1519: eis (Prep) -- A primary preposition; to or into, of place, time, or purpose; also in adverbial phrases.">In</a> <a href="/greek/3739.htm" title="3739: hēn (RelPro-AFS) -- Who, which, what, that. ">the ark</a> <a href="/greek/3641.htm" title="3641: oligoi (Adj-NMP) -- Puny; especially neuter somewhat.">a few people,</a> <a href="/greek/3778.htm" title="3778: tout’ (DPro-NNS) -- This; he, she, it. ">only</a> <a href="/greek/1510.htm" title="1510: estin (V-PIA-3S) -- I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist."></a> <a href="/greek/3638.htm" title="3638: oktō (Adj-NFP) -- Eight. A primary numeral; eight.">eight</a> <a href="/greek/5590.htm" title="5590: psychai (N-NFP) -- From psucho; breath, i.e. spirit, abstractly or concretely.">souls,</a> <a href="/greek/1295.htm" title="1295: diesōthēsan (V-AIP-3P) -- From dia and sozo; to save thoroughly, i.e. to cure, preserve, rescue, etc.">were saved</a> <a href="/greek/1223.htm" title="1223: di’ (Prep) -- A primary preposition denoting the channel of an act; through.">through</a> <a href="/greek/5204.htm" title="5204: hydatos (N-GNS) -- Water. And genitive case, hudatos, etc. From the base of huetos; water literally or figuratively.">water.</a> 21And this water symbolizes the baptism that now saves you also—not the removal of dirt from the body, but the pledge of a clear conscience toward God—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/genesis/6-3.htm">Genesis 6:3</a> So the LORD said, “My Spirit will not contend with man forever, for he is mortal; his days shall be 120 years.” <a href="/genesis/6-5.htm">Genesis 6:5-8</a> Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great upon the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time. / And the LORD regretted that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart. / So the LORD said, “I will blot out man, whom I have created, from the face of the earth—every man and beast and crawling creature and bird of the air—for I am grieved that I have made them.” ... <a href="/genesis/7-1.htm">Genesis 7:1-5</a> Then the LORD said to Noah, “Go into the ark, you and all your family, because I have found you righteous in this generation. / You are to take with you seven pairs of every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate; a pair of every kind of unclean animal, a male and its mate; / and seven pairs of every kind of bird of the air, male and female, to preserve their offspring on the face of all the earth. ... <a href="/genesis/7-11.htm">Genesis 7:11-16</a> In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, on the seventeenth day of the second month, all the fountains of the great deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened. / And the rain fell upon the earth for forty days and forty nights. / On that very day Noah entered the ark, along with his sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth, and his wife, and the three wives of his sons— ... <a href="/genesis/7-17.htm">Genesis 7:17-24</a> For forty days the flood kept coming on the earth, and the waters rose and lifted the ark high above the earth. / So the waters continued to surge and rise greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the waters. / Finally, the waters completely prevailed upon the earth, so that all the high mountains under all the heavens were covered. ... <a href="/genesis/8-1.htm">Genesis 8:1</a> But God remembered Noah and all the animals and livestock that were with him in the ark. And God sent a wind over the earth, and the waters began to subside. <a href="/genesis/8-15.htm">Genesis 8:15-19</a> Then God said to Noah, / “Come out of the ark, you and your wife, along with your sons and their wives. / Bring out all the living creatures that are with you—birds, livestock, and everything that crawls upon the ground—so that they can spread out over the earth and be fruitful and multiply upon it.” ... <a href="/genesis/9-8.htm">Genesis 9:8-17</a> Then God said to Noah and his sons with him, / “Behold, I now establish My covenant with you and your descendants after you, / and with every living creature that was with you—the birds, the livestock, and every beast of the earth—every living thing that came out of the ark. ... <a href="/matthew/24-37.htm">Matthew 24:37-39</a> As it was in the days of Noah, so will it be at the coming of the Son of Man. / For in the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, up to the day Noah entered the ark. / And they were oblivious until the flood came and swept them all away. So will it be at the coming of the Son of Man. <a href="/luke/17-26.htm">Luke 17:26-27</a> Just as it was in the days of Noah, so also will it be in the days of the Son of Man: / People were eating and drinking, marrying and being given in marriage, up to the day Noah entered the ark. Then the flood came and destroyed them all. <a href="/hebrews/11-7.htm">Hebrews 11:7</a> By faith Noah, when warned about things not yet seen, in godly fear built an ark to save his family. By faith he condemned the world and became heir of the righteousness that comes by faith. <a href="/2_peter/2-5.htm">2 Peter 2:5</a> if He did not spare the ancient world when He brought the flood on its ungodly people, but preserved Noah, a preacher of righteousness, among the eight; <a href="/2_peter/3-6.htm">2 Peter 3:6</a> through which the world of that time perished in the flood. <a href="/romans/2-4.htm">Romans 2:4</a> Or do you disregard the riches of His kindness, tolerance, and patience, not realizing that God’s kindness leads you to repentance? <a href="/romans/9-22.htm">Romans 9:22</a> What if God, intending to show His wrath and make His power known, bore with great patience the vessels of His wrath, prepared for destruction?</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>Which sometime were disobedient, when once the long-suffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water.sometime.<a href="/genesis/6-3.htm">Genesis 6:3,5,13</a> And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years… the longsuffering.<a href="/isaiah/30-18.htm">Isaiah 30:18</a> And therefore will the LORD wait, that he may be gracious unto you, and therefore will he be exalted, that he may have mercy upon you: for the LORD is a God of judgment: blessed are all they that wait for him.<a href="/romans/2-4.htm">Romans 2:4,5</a> Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance? … <a href="/romans/9-22.htm">Romans 9:22</a> What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:the days.<a href="/matthew/24-37.htm">Matthew 24:37-39</a> But as the days of Noe were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be… <a href="/luke/17-26.htm">Luke 17:26-30</a> And as it was in the days of Noe, so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man… while.<a href="/genesis/6-14.htm">Genesis 6:14-22</a> Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch… <a href="/hebrews/11-7.htm">Hebrews 11:7</a> By faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house; by the which he condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness which is by faith.wherein.<a href="/genesis/7-1.htm">Genesis 7:1-7,13,23</a> And the LORD said unto Noah, Come thou and all thy house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation… <a href="/genesis/8-1.htm">Genesis 8:1,18</a> And God remembered Noah, and every living thing, and all the cattle that was with him in the ark: and God made a wind to pass over the earth, and the waters asswaged; … <a href="/matthew/7-14.htm">Matthew 7:14</a> Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it.by.<a href="/genesis/7-17.htm">Genesis 7:17-23</a> And the flood was forty days upon the earth; and the waters increased, and bare up the ark, and it was lift up above the earth… <a href="/2_corinthians/2-15.htm">2 Corinthians 2:15,16</a> For we are unto God a sweet savour of Christ, in them that are saved, and in them that perish: … <a href="/ephesians/5-26.htm">Ephesians 5:26</a> That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word,<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/titus/1-2.htm">Ago</a> <a href="/1_peter/3-5.htm">Ancient</a> <a href="/hebrews/11-7.htm">Ark</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-5.htm">Built</a> <a href="/ezekiel/1-16.htm">Construction</a> <a href="/1_peter/3-1.htm">Disobedient</a> <a href="/hebrews/3-18.htm">Disobeyed</a> <a href="/acts/25-6.htm">Eight</a> <a href="/hebrews/13-22.htm">Few</a> <a href="/hebrews/7-21.htm">Formerly</a> <a href="/1_peter/3-17.htm">God's</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-23.htm">Kept</a> <a href="/2_timothy/4-2.htm">Longsuffering</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-10.htm">Mercy</a> <a href="/hebrews/11-7.htm">Noah</a> <a href="/1_peter/3-18.htm">Once</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-18.htm">Orders</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-20.htm">Patience</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-20.htm">Patiently</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-15.htm">Persons</a> <a href="/acts/25-3.htm">Preparing</a> <a href="/hebrews/11-34.htm">Safely</a> <a href="/hebrews/10-39.htm">Saved</a> <a href="/hebrews/11-7.htm">Ship</a> <a href="/colossians/1-21.htm">Sometime</a> <a href="/1_peter/2-25.htm">Souls</a> <a href="/1_peter/3-5.htm">Times</a> <a href="/hebrews/11-10.htm">Waited</a> <a href="/1_peter/1-4.htm">Waiting</a> <a href="/james/3-12.htm">Water</a> <a href="/1_peter/3-16.htm">Wherein</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/2_peter/2-3.htm">Ago</a> <a href="/2_peter/2-5.htm">Ancient</a> <a href="/revelation/11-19.htm">Ark</a> <a href="/revelation/21-18.htm">Built</a> <a href="/revelation/21-18.htm">Construction</a> <a href="/1_kings/13-21.htm">Disobedient</a> <a href="/numbers/14-22.htm">Disobeyed</a> <a href="/genesis/5-4.htm">Eight</a> <a href="/revelation/2-14.htm">Few</a> <a href="/genesis/13-4.htm">Formerly</a> <a href="/1_peter/3-22.htm">God's</a> <a href="/2_peter/2-4.htm">Kept</a> <a href="/2_peter/3-9.htm">Longsuffering</a> <a href="/2_peter/2-5.htm">Mercy</a> <a href="/2_peter/2-5.htm">Noah</a> <a href="/1_john/2-18.htm">Once</a> <a href="/revelation/9-5.htm">Orders</a> <a href="/2_peter/1-6.htm">Patience</a> <a href="/2_peter/3-9.htm">Patiently</a> <a href="/2_peter/2-5.htm">Persons</a> <a href="/genesis/1-1.htm">Preparing</a> <a href="/jude/1-5.htm">Safely</a> <a href="/1_peter/4-18.htm">Saved</a> <a href="/revelation/18-17.htm">Ship</a> <a href="/jeremiah/28-12.htm">Sometime</a> <a href="/1_peter/4-19.htm">Souls</a> <a href="/2_peter/1-12.htm">Times</a> <a href="/genesis/8-10.htm">Waited</a> <a href="/2_peter/3-7.htm">Waiting</a> <a href="/1_peter/3-21.htm">Water</a> <a href="/1_peter/4-4.htm">Wherein</a><div class="vheading2">1 Peter 3</div>1. <a href="/1_peter/3-1.htm">He teaches the duty of wives and husbands to each other;</a> 8. <a href="/1_peter/3-8.htm">exhorting all men to unity and love;</a> 14. <a href="/1_peter/3-14.htm">and to suffer persecution.</a> 19. <a href="/1_peter/3-19.htm">He declares also the benefits of Christ toward the old world.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; 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Their disobedience is highlighted in <a href="/genesis/6-5.htm">Genesis 6:5</a>, where it is stated that "every inclination of the thoughts of the human heart was only evil all the time." This widespread wickedness led to God's decision to bring judgment through the flood. The disobedience of these people serves as a warning and a parallel to the spiritual disobedience seen in later generations.when God waited patiently God's patience is a recurring theme in Scripture, demonstrating His desire for repentance rather than immediate judgment. In <a href="/2_peter/3-9.htm">2 Peter 3:9</a>, it is stated that God is patient, not wanting anyone to perish but everyone to come to repentance. The period before the flood was a time of divine forbearance, allowing humanity the opportunity to turn from their wicked ways.in the days of Noah This phrase situates the narrative in a specific historical context, referring to the time described in <a href="/genesis/6.htm">Genesis 6-9</a>. Noah is a key figure, known for his righteousness and obedience to God amidst a corrupt generation. The "days of Noah" are often used as a typological reference to the end times, as seen in <a href="/matthew/24-37.htm">Matthew 24:37-39</a>, where Jesus compares the days before His return to the days of Noah.while the ark was being built The construction of the ark was a significant act of faith and obedience by Noah, as described in <a href="/genesis/6-14.htm">Genesis 6:14-22</a>. It took many years to build, during which Noah preached righteousness (<a href="/2_peter/2-5.htm">2 Peter 2:5</a>), serving as a witness to the people of his time. The ark itself is a type of Christ, providing salvation and refuge from judgment.In the ark a few people, only eight souls, The "eight souls" refer to Noah, his wife, his three sons, and their wives, as detailed in <a href="/genesis/7-13.htm">Genesis 7:13</a>. This small number highlights the remnant theme found throughout Scripture, where God preserves a faithful few amidst widespread unbelief. The preservation of these eight souls signifies God's faithfulness to His covenant promises.were saved through water The water of the flood, which brought judgment to the disobedient, simultaneously provided salvation for Noah and his family. This duality is echoed in the New Testament concept of baptism, as seen in <a href="/1_peter/3-21.htm">1 Peter 3:21</a>, where water symbolizes both judgment and salvation. The floodwaters prefigure the cleansing and redemptive work of Christ, who saves believers through His death and resurrection.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/n/noah.htm">Noah</a> A righteous man chosen by God to build the ark and preserve humanity and animal life during the flood. 2. <a href="/topical/g/god.htm">God</a> The divine being who showed patience and offered salvation through the ark. 3. <a href="/topical/t/the_disobedient.htm">The Disobedient</a> Those who lived during Noah's time and ignored God's warnings, ultimately perishing in the flood. 4. <a href="/topical/t/the_ark.htm">The Ark</a> The vessel built by Noah under God's instructions, symbolizing salvation and refuge. 5. <a href="/topical/t/the_flood.htm">The Flood</a> A cataclysmic event used by God to judge the earth, sparing only Noah, his family, and the animals on the ark.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/g/god's_patience_and_justice.htm">God's Patience and Justice</a> God's patience is evident as He waited during the construction of the ark, giving people time to repent. However, His justice ultimately prevailed, reminding us of the balance between mercy and judgment. <a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_obedience.htm">The Importance of Obedience</a> Noah's obedience in building the ark despite societal ridicule serves as a model for us to follow God's commands, even when they seem countercultural or challenging. <a href="/topical/s/salvation_through_christ.htm">Salvation Through Christ</a> The ark is a foreshadowing of salvation through Jesus Christ. Just as Noah and his family were saved through the ark, we are saved through faith in Christ. <a href="/topical/t/the_reality_of_judgment.htm">The Reality of Judgment</a> The flood serves as a historical reminder of God's judgment. It calls us to live righteously and to warn others of the coming judgment, just as Noah did. <a href="/topical/f/faith_in_action.htm">Faith in Action</a> Noah's faith was demonstrated through his actions. Our faith should also be evident in our daily lives, influencing our decisions and interactions with others.<a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/1_peter/3.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(20) Which sometime were disobedient.--The absence of the definite article here in the Greek (contrary to St. Peter's usage in participial sentences--e.g., <a href="/1_peter/1-5.htm" title="Who are kept by the power of God through faith to salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.">1Peter 1:5</a>; <a href="/1_peter/1-7.htm" title="That the trial of your faith, being much more precious than of gold that perishes, though it be tried with fire, might be found to praise and honor and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ:">1Peter 1:7</a>; <a href="/1_peter/1-10.htm" title="Of which salvation the prophets have inquired and searched diligently, who prophesied of the grace that should come to you:">1Peter 1:10</a>; <a href="/1_peter/1-17.htm" title="And if you call on the Father, who without respect of persons judges according to every man's work, pass the time of your sojourning here in fear:">1Peter 1:17</a>) makes it possible to think that the spirits mentioned in this verse are not co-extensive with those in prison. It is, literally, to men who once upon a time were disobedient. Our Lord preached to the whole class of spirits in prison, of all times and races; and then, to magnify the bounty of this act, St. Peter instances a particular group of them, who were the most marked criminals of any, and whose case suggested a useful application. He has a reason for using the word "disobedient." It would not describe all sinners, but those who had heard and been convinced by the word of God, but refused to accept it. (See Note on <a href="/1_peter/3-2.htm" title="While they behold your chaste conversation coupled with fear.">1Peter 3:2</a>.) This was the case with those to whom Noah preached (<a href="/2_peter/2-5.htm" title="And spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood on the world of the ungodly;">2Peter 2:5</a>); and, in spite of their "disobedience," Christ, after His innocent and sacrificial death, went in spirit and preached a gospel to them. Now, let it be recollected that St. Peter's object through the whole of this section is to encourage the Hebrew Christians to be ready, through a good conscience, for a brave martyrdom, if need be. They are to think how their deaths, like Christ's, may bring their persecutors to God. Nay--he seems to imply--their very spirits going forth into the world of spirits may conceivably carry a gospel of some kind even to Hebrew relatives who have passed away, like those Antediluvians, in the "disobedience" which was characteristic of the Jews. St. Clement of Alexandria, who derives the notion from the Shepherd of Hermas, gives his belief that the Apostles also, when they died, preached to those who had died before them; and though there is little that throws light on our occupation in the intermediate state, it can hardly be pronounced impossible for some spirits to be allowed to follow Christ's example there by preaching to spirits in prison. Many expositors, afraid of the consequences of admitting that there could be a possible gospel for men who died impenitent, have supposed that the imprisoned spirits to whom Christ went were the less wicked people destroyed by the Flood; others that they were those who had some motions of penitence when the rain began to fall; but these ideas are foreign to the text, which only tells us that they "were disobedient," and adds nothing to extenuate their crime. They are a typical instance of men who died "as evil doers" (<a href="/1_peter/3-17.htm" title="For it is better, if the will of God be so, that you suffer for well doing, than for evil doing.">1Peter 3:17</a>). . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/1_peter/3.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 20. - Which sometime were disobedient, when once the long-suffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a-preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water. Omit the word "once" (ἅπαξ), which is without authority. Wherein; literally, into which; they were saved by entering into it. The last words may mean, "they were carried safely through the water," or, "they were saved by water;" that is, the water bore up the ark (<a href="/genesis/7-17.htm">Genesis 7:17, 18</a>). The argument of ver. 21 makes the second interpretation the more probable. The verse now before us limits the area of the Lord's preaching: without it we might have supposed that he preached to the whole multitude of the dead, or at least to all the ungodly dead whose spirits were in prison. Why does St. Peter specify the generation that was swept away by the Flood? Did they need the preaching of the Christ more than other sinful souls? or was there any special reason why that grace should be vouchsafed to them rather than to others? The fact must have been revealed to the apostle; but evidently we are in the presence of a mystery into which we can see only a little way. Those antediluvians were a conspicuous instance of men who suffered for evil doing (see ver. 17); as Christ is the transcendent Example of one who suffered for well-doing. It is better to suffer with him than with them: they are in prison. His chosen are with him in Paradise. But St. Peter cannot rest in the contemplation of the Lord's death as an example; he must pass on to the deeper, the more mysterious aspects of that most stupendous or' events. The Lord suffered concerning sins, for the sake of unrighteous men; not only did he die for them, he did not rest from his holy work even while his sacred body lay in the grave; he went and preached to some whose sins had been most notorious, and most signally punished. The judgment had been one of unexampled awfulness; eight souls only were saved in the ark, many thousands perished. It may be that St. Peter mentions the fewness of the saved to indicate one reason for this gracious visit. It seems that the awful destruction of the Deluge had made a deep impression upon his mind; he mentions it twice in his Second Epistle (2 Peter 2:5; 3:6); he saw in it a solemn anticipation of the last tremendous judgment. Doubtless he remembered well how the Lord, in his great prophetic discourse upon the Mount of Olives, had compared the days of Noah to the coming of the Son of man (<a href="/matthew/24-37.htm">Matthew 24:37-39</a>); those words seem to give a special character to the Deluge, separating it from other lesser judgments, and investing it with a peculiar awfulness. It may be that the apostle's thoughts had dwelt much upon the many mysterious problems (such as the great destruction of infant life) connected with it; and that a special revelation was vouchsafed to him to clear up some of his difficulties. These spirits, in prison at the time of the descent into Hades, had aforetime been disobedient. The Greek word (ἀπειθήσασι) means literally "disbelieving;" but here, as in <a href="/1_peter/2-7.htm">1 Peter 2:7</a> and elsewhere, it stands for that willful unbelief which sets itself in direct opposition to the will of God. They were guilty of unbelief, and of the disobedience which results from unbelief. Noah was a "preacher of righteousness" (<a href="/2_peter/2-5.htm">2 Peter 2:5</a>, where the Greek word is κῆρυξ, the substantive corresponding with the verb ἐκήρυξεν here); the vast structure of the ark was a standing warning as it rose slowly before their eyes. The long-suffering of God waited all those hundred and twenty years (<a href="/genesis/6-3.htm">Genesis 6:3</a>), as now the Lord is "long-suffering to usward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance" (<a href="/2_peter/3-9.htm">2 Peter 3:9</a>). But they heeded neither the preaching of Noah nor the long-suffering of God; and at last "the Flood came, and took them all away. So shall also the coming of the Son of man be." Eight only were saved then; they doubtless suffered for well-doing; they had to endure much scorn and derision, perhaps persecution. But they were not disobedient. "By faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house." The eight were brought safe through (διεσώθησαν); they were saved through the water; the water bore them up, possibly rescued them from persecution. But the rest perished; the destruction of life was tremendous; we know not how many thousands perished: they suffered for evil-doing. But the degrees of guilt must have varied greatly from open pro-faulty and hostility to silent doubt; while there were many children and very young persons; and it may be that many repented at the last moment. It is better to suffer for well-doing than for evil-doing; but even suffering for evil-doing is sometimes blessed to the salvation of the soul; and it may be that some of these, having been "judged according to men in the flesh," now "live according to God in the spirit" (<a href="/1_peter/4-6.htm">1 Peter 4:6</a>). For it is impossible to believe that the Lord's preaching was a "concio damnatoria." The Lord spoke sternly sometimes in the days of his flesh, but it was the warning voice of love; even that sternest denunciation of the concentrated guilt and hypocrisy of the Pharisees ended in a piteous wail of loving sorrow. It cannot he that the most merciful Savior would have visited souls irretrievably lost merely to upbraid them and to enhance their misery. He had just suffered for sins, the Just for the unjust: is it not possible that one of the effects of that suffering might have been "to bring unto God" some souls who once had been alienated from God by wicked works, but had not wholly hardened their hearts; who, like the men of Tyro and Sidon, Sodom and Gomorrah, had not the opportunities which we enjoy, who had not been once enlightened and made partakers of the heavenly gift and the powers of the world to come? Is it not possible that in those words, "which sometime were disobedient," there may be a hint that that disobedience of theirs was not the "eternal sin" which, according to the reading of the two most ancient manuscripts in <a href="/mark/3-29.htm">Mark 3:29</a>, is the awful lot of those who have never forgiveness? The Lord preached to the spirits in prison; that word (ἐκήρυξεν) is commonly used of the heralds of salvation, and St. Peter himself, in the next chapter, tells us that "the gospel was preached (εὐηγγελίσθη) to them that are dead." The gospel is the good tidings of salvation through the cross of Christ. The Lord had just died upon the cross: is it not possible that, in the moment of victory, he announced the saving power of the cross to some who had greatly sinned; as at the time of his resurrection "many bodies of the saints who slept arose"? There is one more question which forces itself upon us - What was the result of this preaching? Did the spirits in prison listen to the Savior's voice? Were they delivered from that prison where they had been so long confined? Here Scripture is almost silent; yet we read the words of hope in <a href="/1_peter/4-6.htm">1 Peter 4:6</a>, "For this cause was the gospel preached also to them that are dead, that they might be judged according to men in the flesh, but live according to God in the spirit." The good news was announced to them that they might live; then may we not dare to hope that some at least listened to that gracious preaching, and were saved even out of that prison by the power of the Savior's cross? May we not venture to believe, with the author of the ' Christian Year,' that even in that dreary scene the Savior's eye reached the thronging band of sou]s, and that his cross and Passion, his agony and bloody sweat, might (we know not how or in what measure) "set the shadowy realms from sin and sorrow free?" It seems desirable to add a brief summary of the history of opinion on this much-controverted passage. The early Greek Fathers appear to have held, with one consent, that St. Peter is here speaking of that descent into Hades of which he had spoken in his first great sermon (<a href="/acts/2-31.htm">Acts 2:31</a>). Justin Martyr, in his' Dialogue with Trypho' (sect. 72), accuses the Jews of having erased from the prophecies of Jeremiah the following words: "The Lord God of Israel remembered his dead who slept in the land of the tomb, and descended to them to preach to them the good news of his salvation." Irenseus quotes the same passage, attributing it in one place to Isaiah, in another to Jeremiah, and adds that the Lord's purpose was to deliver them and to save them (extrahere eos et salvare cos). Tertullian says that the Lord descended into the lower parts of the earth, to make the patriarchs partakers of himself (compotes sui; 'De Anima,' c. 55). Clement of Alexandria quotes Hermas as saying that "the apostles and teachers who had preached the Name of the Son of God and had fallen asleep, preached by his power and faith to those who had fallen asleep before them" ('Strom.,' 2:9). "And then," Bishop Pearson, from whose notes on the Creed these quotations are taken, continues, "Clement supplies that authority with a reason of his own, that as the apostles were to imitate Christ while they lived, so did they also imitate him after death, and therefore preached to the souls in Hades, as Christ did before them." The earliest writers do not seem to have thought that any change in the condition of the dead was produced by Christ's descent into Hades. The Lord announced the gospel to the dead; the departed saints rejoiced to hear the glad tidings, as now the angels rejoice over each repentant sinner. Origen, in his second homily on 1 Kings, taught that the Lord, descending into Hades, brought the souls of the holy dead, the patriarchs and prophets, out of Hades into Paradise; no souls could pass the flaming sword till he had led the way; but now, through his grace and power, the blessed dead who die in the Lord enter at once into the rest of Paradise - not yet heaven, but an intermediate place of rest, far better than that from which the saints of the old covenant were delivered. In this view Origen was followed by many of the later Fathers. But St. Peter says nothing of any preaching to departed saints. Christ "went and preached," he says, "unto the spirits in prison, which sometime were disobedient." Hence Jerome, Ambrose, Augustine, and others were led to suppose that the Lord not only raised the holy dead to a higher state of blessedness, but preached also to the disobedient, and that some of these believed, and were by his grace delivered from "prison." Some few, as Cyril of Alexandria, held that the Lord spoiled the house of the strong man armed (σεσύλητο τῶν πνευμάτων ὁ ᾅδης), and released all his captives. This Augustine reckoned as a heresy. But in his epistle to Euodius (Ep. 99 and 164) Augustine, much exercised (as he says, "vehementissime commotus") by the difficulties of the question, propounded the interpretation which became general in the Western Church, being adopted by Bode, Thomas Aquinas, De Lyra, and later by Beza, Hammond, Leighton, Pearson, etc. "The spirits in prison," he says, "are the unbelieving who lived in the days of Noah, whose spirits, i.e. souls, had been shut up in the flesh and in the darkness of ignorance, as in a prison [comp. ' Paradise Lost,' 11:723]. Christ preached to them, not in the flesh, inasmuch as he was not yet incarnate, but in the spirit, i.e. according to his Divine nature (secundum divinitatem)." But this interpretation does not satisfy St. Peter's words. The hypothesis that Christ preached through the instrumentality of Noah does not adequately represent the participle πορευθείς; the word φυλακή cannot be taken metaphorically of the flesh in which the soul is confined. If, with Beza, we understand it as meaning "who are now in prison," we escape one difficulty, but another is introduced; for it is surely forced and unnatural to make the time of the verb and that of the dative clause different. The words ἐν φυλακῇ must describe the condition of the spirits at the time of the Savior's preaching. Some commentators, as Socinus and Grotius, refer St. Peter's words to the preaching of Christ through the apostles. These writers understand φυλακή of the prison of the body, or the prison of sin; and explain St. Peter as meaning that Christ preached through the apostles to the Jews who were under the yoke of the Law, and to the Gentiles who lay under the power of the devil; and they regard the disobedient in the time of Noah as a sample of sinners in any age. But this interpretation is altogether arbitrary, and cannot be reconciled with the apostle's words. Other views are - that our Lord descended into hell to triumph over Satan (on which see Pearson on the Creed, art. 5.); that his preaching was a concio damnatoria - an announcement of condemnation, not of salvation (which is disproved by <a href="/1_peter/4-6.htm">1 Peter 4:6</a>); that the spirits in prison were holy souls waiting for Christ, the prison being (according to Calvin) "specula, sire ipse excubandi actus;" that they were heathens, who lived according to their light, but in idolatry. We may mention, in conclusion, the monstrous explanation of the heretic Marcion, that they were those who in the Old Testament are called ungodly, but were really better than those whom the Old Testament regards as saints. <a href="/commentaries/1_peter/3-20.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>who disobeyed ἀπειθήσασίν (apeithēsasin) Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Dative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_544.htm">Strong's 544: </a> To disobey, rebel, be disloyal, refuse conformity. From apeithes; to disbelieve. long ago ποτε (pote) Particle <a href="/greek/strongs_4218.htm">Strong's 4218: </a> At one time or other, at some time, formerly. From the base of pou and te; indefinite adverb, at some time, ever. when ὅτε (hote) Adverb <a href="/greek/strongs_3753.htm">Strong's 3753: </a> When, at which time. From hos and te; at which too, i.e. When. God Θεοῦ (Theou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2316.htm">Strong's 2316: </a> A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very. waited ἀπεξεδέχετο (apexedecheto) Verb - Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_553.htm">Strong's 553: </a> To expect eagerly, wait for eagerly, look for. From apo and ekdechomai; to expect fully. patiently μακροθυμία (makrothymia) Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3115.htm">Strong's 3115: </a> Patience, forbearance, longsuffering. From the same as makrothumos; longanimity, i.e. forbearance or fortitude. in ἐν (en) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1722.htm">Strong's 1722: </a> In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc. [the] days ἡμέραις (hēmerais) Noun - Dative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_2250.htm">Strong's 2250: </a> A day, the period from sunrise to sunset. of Noah, Νῶε (Nōe) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3575.htm">Strong's 3575: </a> (Hebrew) Noah. Of Hebrew origin; Noe, a patriarch. [while the] ark κιβωτοῦ (kibōtou) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2787.htm">Strong's 2787: </a> A box, i.e. The sacred ark and that of Noah. was being built. κατασκευαζομένης (kataskeuazomenēs) Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2680.htm">Strong's 2680: </a> From kata and a derivative of skeuos; to prepare thoroughly; by implication, to construct, create. In εἰς (eis) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1519.htm">Strong's 1519: </a> A primary preposition; to or into, of place, time, or purpose; also in adverbial phrases. [the ark] ἣν (hēn) Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3739.htm">Strong's 3739: </a> Who, which, what, that. a few [people], ὀλίγοι (oligoi) Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3641.htm">Strong's 3641: </a> Puny; especially neuter somewhat. [only] τοῦτ’ (tout’) Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3778.htm">Strong's 3778: </a> This; he, she, it. eight ὀκτὼ (oktō) Adjective - Nominative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3638.htm">Strong's 3638: </a> Eight. A primary numeral; 'eight'. souls, ψυχαί (psychai) Noun - Nominative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_5590.htm">Strong's 5590: </a> From psucho; breath, i.e. spirit, abstractly or concretely. were saved διεσώθησαν (diesōthēsan) Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1295.htm">Strong's 1295: </a> From dia and sozo; to save thoroughly, i.e. to cure, preserve, rescue, etc. through δι’ (di’) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1223.htm">Strong's 1223: </a> A primary preposition denoting the channel of an act; through. water. ὕδατος (hydatos) Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5204.htm">Strong's 5204: </a> Water. And genitive case, hudatos, etc. From the base of huetos; water literally or figuratively. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/1_peter/3-20.htm">1 Peter 3:20 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/1_peter/3-20.htm">1 Peter 3:20 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/1_peter/3-20.htm">1 Peter 3:20 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/1_peter/3-20.htm">1 Peter 3:20 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/1_peter/3-20.htm">1 Peter 3:20 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/1_peter/3-20.htm">1 Peter 3:20 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/1_peter/3-20.htm">1 Peter 3:20 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/1_peter/3-20.htm">1 Peter 3:20 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/1_peter/3-20.htm">1 Peter 3:20 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/1_peter/3-20.htm">1 Peter 3:20 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/1_peter/3-20.htm">NT Letters: 1 Peter 3:20 Who before were disobedient when God waited (1 Pet. 1P iP i Pet) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/1_peter/3-19.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="1 Peter 3:19"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="1 Peter 3:19" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/1_peter/3-21.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="1 Peter 3:21"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="1 Peter 3:21" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>