JAZZ - Encyclopædia Universalis

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Ses plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres noms \u2013\u00a0Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington , Charlie Parker , John Coltrane , Miles Davis\u00a0\u2013 figurent parmi les plus grands artistes du xx e \u00a0si\u00e8cle. R\u00e9serv\u00e9 jusqu'aux ann\u00e9es 1930 \u00e0 une \u00e9lite d'initi\u00e9s \u00e0 la ferveur jalouse, le jazz a gagn\u00e9 un public immense. Il constitue un des grands courants esth\u00e9tiques du monde moderne, n\u00e9 de la musique , mais l'enrichissant de donn\u00e9es originales.. Le mot jazz recouvre une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 difficile \u00e0 cerner. 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Tentative de description </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="JAZZ, La création en jazz" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/2-la-creation-en-jazz/"> 2. La création en jazz </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="JAZZ, Histoire du jazz" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/3-histoire-du-jazz/"> 3. Histoire du jazz </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="JAZZ, Le jazz des années 1960" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/4-le-jazz-des-annees-1960/"> 4. Le jazz des années 1960 </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="JAZZ, Après la révolution" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/5-apres-la-revolution/"> 5. Après la révolution </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="JAZZ, Le jazz contemporain" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/6-le-jazz-contemporain/"> 6. Le jazz contemporain </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="JAZZ, Le jazz en France" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/7-le-jazz-en-france/"> 7. Le jazz en France </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="JAZZ, Bibliographie" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/8-bibliographie/"> 8. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>JAZZ</strong> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content paged type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC072023_0"><i class="anchor" id="yC072023_0"></i><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="PH993693" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Louis Armstrong" href="/media/louis-armstrong-ph993693/"><img id="PH993693" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/7/csm_ph993693_41bb513c15.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Louis Armstrong - crédits : Bettmann/ Getty Images" data-description="Le grand trompettiste, chanteur, compositeur et chef d'orchestre de jazz Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)." data-copyright="Bettmann/ Getty Images" width="776" height="1024" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Louis Armstrong </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bettmann/ Getty Images </p></figcaption></figure></div><p>Le jazz est aujourd'hui universellement répandu. Ses plus célèbres noms – Louis Armstrong, <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de DUKE ELLINGTON (1899-1974). De 1927 à sa mort – le 24 mai 1974 –, Edward Kennedy, dit « Duke », Ellington, a été, avec Louis Armstrong , Charlie Parker et John Coltrane , un des créateurs les plus singuliers et les plus féconds de la musique afro-américaine. Il compte parmi les artistes du xx e siècle auxquels une critique exigeante ne peut refuser le géni..." title="Article : DUKE ELLINGTON (1899-1974)" href="/encyclopedie/duke-ellington/">Duke Ellington</a>, <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="29 août 1920 Charles Christopher Parker, Jr. naît à Kansas City, dans le Kansas.. 1940-1942 Charlie Parker enregistre ses premiers solos avec le big band de Jay McShann, parmi lesquels Body And Soul et Oh ! , Lady Be Good (1940), Swingmatism (1941), The Jumpin' Blues et Sepian Bounce (1942).. Décembre 1942 Recommandé par Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker rejoint l' orchestre de Ea..." title="Article : PARKER - repères chronologiques" href="/encyclopedie/parker-reperes-chronologiques/">Charlie Parker</a>, <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de JOHN COLTRANE (1926-1967). Après Louis Armstrong , Duke Ellington et Charlie Parker , John Coltrane est considéré par beaucoup comme l'une des figures historiques sans lesquelles le jazz eût suivi d'autres pistes, entretenu d'autres espoirs, poursuivi d'autres chimères. Les hasards et les lenteurs d'une carrière longtemps obscure, entreprise dès 1945 dans de petits orch..." title="Article : JOHN COLTRANE (1926-1967)" href="/encyclopedie/john-coltrane/">John Coltrane</a>, Miles Davis – figurent parmi les plus grands artistes du <span class="pc">xx</span><sup>e</sup> siècle. Réservé jusqu'aux années 1930 à une élite d'initiés à la ferveur jalouse, le jazz a gagné un public immense. Il constitue un des grands courants esthétiques du monde moderne, né de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La musique !... Qu'est-ce que cela veut dire ?... Il est permis de supposer que Bach aurait su tranquillement trouver la réponse à une telle question, et sans doute aussi Couperin, Lassus, Grégoire le Grand et Aristoxène. Plus près de nous, Rameau et Haydn devaient avoir quelque idée claire de la chose. Pour Mozart, cela est déjà moins sûr. Quant à Beethoven, il commence à s'interroge..." title="Article : MUSIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/musique/">musique</a>, mais l'enrichissant de données originales.</p><p>Le mot jazz recouvre une réalité difficile à cerner. Historiquement, le jazz est apparu, au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale, comme le mode d'expression privilégié du groupe afro-américain : c'est l'expressivité de ce groupe et ses tendances profondes qu'il traduit ; et ce sont les structures musicales créées ou empruntées par lui qu'il utilise.</p><p>De là vient la contradiction qui affecte toute son évolution. En tant qu'art, il tend à dégager un certain nombre de principes universels qui lui ont permis de déborder la société afro-américaine, d'être pratiqué et aimé par les Blancs des États-Unis puis par les Européens et les Asiatiques. Mais, lié à des valeurs issues de cette société, cultivé essentiellement par elle – tous les grands créateurs, en jazz, sont des Noirs –, mettant en œuvre une matière musicale constituée, avant tout, par ses choix, le jazz dépend aussi bien de son histoire que d'un développement formel spécifique.</p><p>On comprend dès lors que sa situation soit, de nos jours, assez confuse. Un certain jazz, fortement culturalisé, se perpétue, avec ses « écoles » – « vieux style », « middle jazz », « bop », « cool », « free »... Une musique contestatrice, née dans l'avant-garde artistique et politique de la société noire moderne et qui refuse même le nom de jazz, s'est dressée contre la précédente. Parallèlement, le folklore noir, centré sur le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le blues prend forme vocale et instrumentale originale au sein de la population noire du sud des États-Unis d'Amérique dans la seconde moitié du xix e siècle. Né de l' esclavage , où les Noirs étaient traités plus comme un capital d'exploitation fermier ou ouvrier que comme des êtres humains, nourri par le racisme, la ségrégation et la misère, il en porte la douleur et en exprime ..." title="Article : BLUES" href="/encyclopedie/blues/">blues</a> ou le climat du blues, et d'où le jazz, autrefois, sortit, a connu un succès sans précédent, et suscité, auprès des jeunes Blancs, des formes dérivées dont l'ensemble constitue la « pop music » : celle-ci, en retour, a séduit les jazzmen les plus avancés, qui ont parfois tenté de la combiner à leur art. L'esprit du jazz, ainsi, a envahi presque toute la musique, même celle qui est dite classique ; mais les contours de la notion de jazz n'ont jamais été aussi fuyants.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC072023_1"><i class="anchor" id="yC072023_1"></i><h2> Tentative de description</h2><p>Le seul critère du jazz que musiciens et critiques soient parvenus à avancer est celui du <em>swing</em> : les traits les plus caractéristiques de la musique afro-américaine – traitement du son, <em>blue note</em> – ne peuvent, sans lui, s'organiser en jazz ; et inversement le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Appelé aussi middle jazz ou mainstream, le swing se développe dans les années 1930. Il représente l'âge d'or des grands orchestres, dont les plus fameux sont ceux de Duke Ellington et de Count Basie.. Dans les années 1930, alors que le style New Orleans commence à décliner, de grandes formations apparaissent dans l'univers du jazz : profitant de l'euphorie du New Deal, Count Basie, ..." title="Article : SWING" href="/encyclopedie/swing/">swing</a>, indépendamment de ces traits caractéristiques, suffirait à faire « jazzer » une musique.</p><div class="block_2" data-ucode="yC072023_1_0"><i class="anchor" id="yC072023_1_0"></i><h3>Le swing</h3><p>Le mot swing signifie « balancement ». Tel quel, il renvoie donc à une réalité vécue dont il suggère la transposition imagée : le swing est une dimension euphorique de la musique, qui engendre, chez l'auditeur, la sensation de rebondir d'un temps sur l'autre, d'être continûment « balancé », sans la moindre crainte d'une rupture qui troublerait son bonheur. Ces métaphores dévoilent une dualité entre, d'une part, un élément de permanence – la continuité de ce sur quoi l'on rebondit, la régularité du balancement – et, d'autre part, un élément d'instabilité qui, par contraste, permet d'affirmer le balancement et de le nourrir.</p><p>Cette dualité s'incarne très clairement dans l'organisation même de la formation de jazz. La permanence y est établie par la section rythmique – batterie, contrebasse à cordes, <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Parmi tous les instruments de musique, la guitare, sous des déguisements divers, a connu depuis ses origines jusqu'à sa prodigieuse fortune présente un sort privilégié. Cela tient à la facture même de l'instrument. Sa caisse plate n'exige pas pour sa fabrication une lutherie de haute école, mais l'efficacité de ses formes lui confère de remarquables possibilités musicales. D'autre par..." title="Article : GUITARE" href="/encyclopedie/guitare/">guitare</a>, piano –, qui s'attache à fournir une pulsation régulière ; l'instabilité, par la section mélodique – cuivres et saxophones –, dont le phrasé s'articule<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" 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href="/auteurs/jean-louis-chautemps/"><strong>Jean-Louis CHAUTEMPS</strong></a> : saxophoniste, flutiste, compositeur et écrivain </li><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="JALARD, Michel-Claude"><a title="Auteur : Michel-Claude JALARD" rel="author" href="/auteurs/michel-claude-jalard/"><strong>Michel-Claude JALARD</strong></a> : éditeur, critique musical </li><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="LLEDO, Eugène"><a title="Auteur : Eugène LLEDO" rel="author" href="/auteurs/eugene-lledo/"><strong>Eugène LLEDO</strong></a> : compositeur, auteur, musicologue et designer sonore </li><li class="list-group-item"><strong> Encyclopædia Universalis</strong> : services rédactionnels de l'Encyclopædia Universalis</li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : JAZZ" href="/carte-mentale/jazz/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yC072023_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Musiques" href="/classification/musiques/"> Musiques </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Formes et genres musicaux" href="/classification/musiques/formes-et-genres-musicaux/"> Formes et genres musicaux </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Musique instrumentale" href="/classification/musiques/formes-et-genres-musicaux/musique-instrumentale/"> Musique instrumentale </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Jazz"> <a title="Classification : Jazz" href="/classification/musiques/formes-et-genres-musicaux/musique-instrumentale/jazz/"> Jazz </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 2"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Musiques" href="/classification/musiques/"> Musiques </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Musiques par continents et par pays" href="/classification/musiques/musiques-par-continents-et-par-pays/"> Musiques par continents et par pays </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Musiques des Amériques" href="/classification/musiques/musiques-par-continents-et-par-pays/musiques-des-ameriques/"> Musiques des Amériques </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Musiques afro-américaines"> <a title="Classification : Musiques afro-américaines" href="/classification/musiques/musiques-par-continents-et-par-pays/musiques-des-ameriques/musiques-afro-americaines/"> Musiques afro-américaines </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 3"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Musiques" href="/classification/musiques/"> Musiques </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Musiques contemporaines" href="/classification/musiques/musiques-contemporaines/"> Musiques contemporaines </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Jazz contemporain" href="/classification/musiques/musiques-contemporaines/jazz-contemporain/"> Jazz contemporain </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Free jazz"> <a title="Classification : Free jazz" href="/classification/musiques/musiques-contemporaines/jazz-contemporain/free-jazz/"> Free jazz </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 4"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Musiques" href="/classification/musiques/"> Musiques </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Musiques contemporaines" href="/classification/musiques/musiques-contemporaines/"> Musiques contemporaines </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Jazz contemporain"> <a title="Classification : Jazz contemporain" href="/classification/musiques/musiques-contemporaines/jazz-contemporain/"> Jazz contemporain </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yC072023_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Médias</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH993693" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Louis Armstrong" href="/media/louis-armstrong-ph993693/"> <img id="PH993693" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/7/csm_ph993693_41bb513c15.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Louis Armstrong - crédits : Bettmann/ Getty Images" data-description="Le grand trompettiste, chanteur, compositeur et chef d'orchestre de jazz Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)." data-copyright="Bettmann/ Getty Images" width="776" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Louis Armstrong </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bettmann/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH993719" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Stan Getz" href="/media/stan-getz-ph993719/"> <img id="PH993719" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/c/csm_ph993719_46c1d23c89.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Stan Getz - crédits : Aubrey Hart/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="L'Américain Stan Getz (1927-1991), saxophoniste de jazz.." data-copyright="Aubrey Hart/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="744" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Stan Getz </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Aubrey Hart/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH993735" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Jelly Roll Morton" href="/media/jelly-roll-morton-ph993735/"> <img id="PH993735" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/8/0/csm_ph993735_66b5bece6c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Jelly Roll Morton - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="L'Américain Morton Joseph Ferdinand La Menthe, dit Jelly Roll Morton (1885 ou 1890-1941), pianiste de ragtime, fut parmi les premiers compositeurs et arrangeurs du jazz." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="740" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Jelly Roll Morton </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="text-center"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" rel="related" href="/medias/jazz/"> Afficher les 26 médias de l'article <span class="rg">JAZZ</span> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yC072023_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/jazz-contemporain/"> <span class="rg">JAZZ CONTEMPORAIN</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Louis CHAUTEMPS</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">907 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Dans les années 1980, le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le jazz est aujourd'hui universellement répandu. Ses plus célèbres noms – Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington , Charlie Parker , John Coltrane , Miles Davis – figurent parmi les plus grands artistes du xx e siècle. Réservé jusqu'aux années 1930 à une élite d'initiés à la ferveur jalouse, le jazz a gagné un public immense. Il constitue un des grands courants esthétiques du m..." title="Article : JAZZ" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/">jazz</a> connaît un net recul de popularité. Pour certains, il s'essouffle, pour d'autres, il est mort. Trois voies principales s'offrent alors aux jazzmen : le retour aux sources, le métissage et le postmodernisme alimenté par les musiques technologiques.</p><p> La...</p> </div> </li> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/une-anthropologie-du-jazz-j-jamin-et-p-williams/"> <span class="rg">UNE ANTHROPOLOGIE DU JAZZ </span><span class="rm">(J. Jamin et P. Williams)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Marc CERISUELO</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">959 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Le titre de l'ouvrage ne surprendra pas les amateurs de be-bop : <em>Anthropology</em> est l'une des grandes compositions de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="29 août 1920 Charles Christopher Parker, Jr. naît à Kansas City, dans le Kansas.. 1940-1942 Charlie Parker enregistre ses premiers solos avec le big band de Jay McShann, parmi lesquels Body And Soul et Oh ! , Lady Be Good (1940), Swingmatism (1941), The Jumpin' Blues et Sepian Bounce (1942).. Décembre 1942 Recommandé par Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker rejoint l' orchestre de Ea..." title="Article : PARKER - repères chronologiques" href="/encyclopedie/parker-reperes-chronologiques/">Charlie Parker</a> et Dizzy Gillespie. Patrick Williams rappelle à ce propos l'étroite relation qu'entretient ce morceau avec <em>I Got Rhythm</em> de George et Ira Gerschwin,...</p> </div> </li> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/37th-chamber-pine-courtney/"> <span class="rg">37th Chamber, PINE (Courtney)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Eugène LLEDO</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">340 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p></p><p> Britannique d'origine jamaïcaine, Courtney Pine est l'homme de toutes les rencontres et de toutes les fusions. Né à Londres le 18 mars 1964, ce saxophoniste ténor et soprano commence par jouer dans des groupes de reggae et de funk, puis fait ses premières incursions dans le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le jazz est aujourd'hui universellement répandu. Ses plus célèbres noms – Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington , Charlie Parker , John Coltrane , Miles Davis – figurent parmi les plus grands artistes du xx e siècle. Réservé jusqu'aux années 1930 à une élite d'initiés à la ferveur jalouse, le jazz a gagné un public immense. Il constitue un des grands courants esthétiques du m..." title="Article : JAZZ" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/">jazz...</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/adderley-cannonball/"> <span class="rg">ADDERLEY </span><span class="pc">JULIAN </span><span class="rm">dit </span><span class="rg">CANNONBALL </span><span class="rm">(1928-1975)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Danièle MOLKO</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">438 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ADDERLEY JULIAN dit CANNONBALL (1928-1975)" href="/encyclopedie/adderley-cannonball/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Julian Edwin Cannonball Adderley - crédits : Bill Spilka / Archive Photos" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/5/csm_ph010001_fc5959917c.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Né à Tampa (Floride) le 15 septembre 1928, le saxophoniste et compositeur de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le jazz est aujourd'hui universellement répandu. Ses plus célèbres noms – Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington , Charlie Parker , John Coltrane , Miles Davis – figurent parmi les plus grands artistes du xx e siècle. Réservé jusqu'aux années 1930 à une élite d'initiés à la ferveur jalouse, le jazz a gagné un public immense. Il constitue un des grands courants esthétiques du m..." title="Article : JAZZ" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/">jazz</a> américain Julian Adderley est issu d'une famille de musiciens.</p><p>Par admiration pour Lester Young, il étudie différents instruments à vent : <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La clarinette est un instrument à vent et à anche vibrante simple de la famille des bois. Cette dernière dénomination ne se réfère en rien au matériau, puisque la flûte et le saxophone , en métal, font également partie des bois : les instruments de cette famille ont en commun la particularité de posséder un tube résonateur muni de trous latéraux que l'instrumentiste peut bouche..." title="Article : CLARINETTE" href="/encyclopedie/clarinette/">clarinette</a>, flûte, <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La trompette, instrument à vent de la famille des cuivres, est constituée d'un tube replié sur lui-même, sur lequel sont fixés des pistons. L'instrument comporte une coulisse d'accord qui s'évase en un pavillon relativement restreint. À l'autre extrémité se fixe l'embouchure. En France, dans l' orchestre symphonique, la trompette est en ut . Certains pays, comme l'Allemagne ou l'Italie,..." title="Article : TROMPETTE" href="/encyclopedie/trompette/">trompette</a>, et choisit enfin le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Instrument à vent, le saxophone fait partie de la famille des bois bien qu'il soit généralement fabriqué dans un alliage nickelé. Ce cousin de la clarinette possède une forme caractéristique en « S », une perce conique et un système de clefs. Le doigté utilisé est proche du système Boehm, que l'on trouve sur les flûtes traversières ou les clarinettes.. Le bec du saxophone accuei..." title="Article : SAXOPHONE" href="/encyclopedie/saxophone/">saxophone</a> alto....</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/nat-adderley/"> <span class="rg">ADDERLEY </span><span class="pc">NAT </span><span class="rm">(1931-2000)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">205 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Cornettiste et compositeur américain de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le jazz est aujourd'hui universellement répandu. Ses plus célèbres noms – Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington , Charlie Parker , John Coltrane , Miles Davis – figurent parmi les plus grands artistes du xx e siècle. Réservé jusqu'aux années 1930 à une élite d'initiés à la ferveur jalouse, le jazz a gagné un public immense. Il constitue un des grands courants esthétiques du m..." title="Article : JAZZ" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/">jazz</a>. Nathaniel Adderley est le frère cadet du saxophoniste Julian « Cannonball » Adderley. De 1951 à 1953, il joue dans une fanfare de l'armée américaine, le 36th Army Band, dont son frère sera le leader, puis, de 1954 à 1955, dans le grand ...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/rashied-ali/"> <span class="rg">ALI </span><span class="pc">RASHIED </span><span class="rm">(1935-2009)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">492 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Le batteur américain de free <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le jazz est aujourd'hui universellement répandu. Ses plus célèbres noms – Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington , Charlie Parker , John Coltrane , Miles Davis – figurent parmi les plus grands artistes du xx e siècle. Réservé jusqu'aux années 1930 à une élite d'initiés à la ferveur jalouse, le jazz a gagné un public immense. Il constitue un des grands courants esthétiques du m..." title="Article : JAZZ" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/">jazz</a> et de jazz d'avant-garde Rashied Ali (de son vrai nom Robert Patterson, Jr.) naît le 1<sup>er</sup> juillet 1935 à Philadelphie, en Pennsylvanie. Rashied Ali est l'un des premiers à s'émanciper du rôle traditionnellement dévolu au batteur – souvent considéré comme un...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-unstyled text-center mt-3"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" title="Afficher la liste complète des références" rel="related" href="/index/jazz/"> Afficher les 354 références <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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