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<span>Gulingkan subbagian Kebudayaan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kebudayaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pernikahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pernikahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pernikahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pernikahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Era Victoria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 66 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoriaanse_tydperk" title="Victoriaanse tydperk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Victoriaanse tydperk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="العصر الفيكتوري – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العصر الفيكتوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3mina_victoriana" title="Dómina victoriana – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dómina victoriana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriya_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="Viktoriya dövrü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Viktoriya dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Віктарыянская эпоха – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Віктарыянская эпоха" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Викторианска епоха – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Викторианска епоха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="ভিক্টোরীয় যুগ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিক্টোরীয় যুগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88poca_victoriana" title="Època victoriana – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Època victoriana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A4%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سەردەمی ڤیکتۆریا – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەردەمی ڤیکتۆریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktori%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_obdob%C3%AD" title="Viktoriánské období – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Viktoriánské období" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%C4%83%D1%80%C4%95" title="Виктория тапхăрĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Виктория тапхăрĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oes_Fictoria" title="Oes Fictoria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oes Fictoria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoriatiden" title="Victoriatiden – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Victoriatiden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorianisches_Zeitalter" title="Viktorianisches Zeitalter – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Viktorianisches Zeitalter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Βικτωριανή εποχή – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικτωριανή εποχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Victorian era" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorina_epoko" title="Viktorina epoko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Viktorina epoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89poca_victoriana" title="Época victoriana – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Época victoriana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_ajastu" title="Victoria ajastu – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Victoria ajastu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriar_Aroa" title="Viktoriar Aroa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Viktoriar Aroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="دوره ویکتوریا – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره ویکتوریا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriaaninen_aikakausi" title="Viktoriaaninen aikakausi – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viktoriaaninen aikakausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89poque_victorienne" title="Époque victorienne – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Époque victorienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiktoriaanske_Tiid" title="Fiktoriaanske Tiid – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fiktoriaanske Tiid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9_Victeoiriach" title="Ré Victeoiriach – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ré Victeoiriach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89poca_vitoriana" title="Época vitoriana – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Época vitoriana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="התקופה הוויקטוריאנית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התקופה הוויקטוריאנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorijansko_doba" title="Viktorijansko doba – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Viktorijansko doba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Վիկտորյական դարաշրջան – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիկտորյական դարաշրջան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%C3%ADut%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Viktoríutímabilið – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viktoríutímabilið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_vittoriana" title="Età vittoriana – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Età vittoriana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%9C%9D" title="ヴィクトリア朝 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィクトリア朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%85%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="빅토리아 시대 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빅토리아 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aevum_Victorianum" title="Aevum Victorianum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aevum Victorianum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorijos_epocha" title="Viktorijos epocha – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viktorijos epocha" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorijas_laikmets" title="Viktorijas laikmets – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viktorijas laikmets" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="വിക്ടോറിയൻ കാലഘട്ടം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്ടോറിയൻ കാലഘട്ടം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Victoria" title="Zaman Victoria – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Victoria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoriaans_tijdperk" title="Victoriaans tijdperk – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Victoriaans tijdperk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriatida" title="Viktoriatida – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Viktoriatida" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriatiden" title="Viktoriatiden – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Viktoriatiden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nthawi_ya_Victorian" title="Nthawi ya Victorian – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nthawi ya Victorian" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88ra_Victoriana" title="Èra Victoriana – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Èra Victoriana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoka_wiktoria%C5%84ska" title="Epoka wiktoriańska – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Epoka wiktoriańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="وکٹوریائی دور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وکٹوریائی دور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="د ویکتوریا دوره – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ویکتوریا دوره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_vitoriana" title="Era vitoriana – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Era vitoriana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoca_victorian%C4%83" title="Epoca victoriană – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Epoca victoriană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Викторианская эпоха – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Викторианская эпоха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Викторианска доба – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Викторианска доба" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorijansko_doba" title="Viktorijansko doba – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Viktorijansko doba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA" title="වික්ටෝරියා යුගය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වික්ටෝරියා යුගය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Victorian era" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktori%C3%A1nska_%C3%A9ra" title="Viktoriánska éra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Viktoriánska éra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorijansko_obdobje" title="Viktorijansko obdobje – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Viktorijansko obdobje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Викторијанско доба – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Викторијанско доба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriansk_tid" title="Viktoriansk tid – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Viktoriansk tid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="விக்டோரியா காலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்டோரியா காலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สมัยวิกตอเรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมัยวิกตอเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorya_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Viktorya Dönemi – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Viktorya Dönemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Вікторіанська епоха – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікторіанська епоха" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="وکٹوریائی دور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وکٹوریائی دور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="维多利亚时代 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维多利亚时代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="维多利亚时代 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维多利亚时代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_s%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="Victoria sî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Victoria sî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="維多利亞時代 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維多利亞時代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182688#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">Era Victoria</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; font-weight: bold;">1837–1901</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg/220px-Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg/330px-Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg/440px-Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Ratu_Victoria" class="mw-disambig" title="Ratu Victoria">Ratu Victoria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Penguasa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ratu_Victoria" class="mw-disambig" title="Ratu Victoria">Ratu Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Kronologi</b> <br /><table style="background:#F9F9F9; border-top: 1px solid #aaa;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%" style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Arrleft.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/10px-Arrleft.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/15px-Arrleft.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/20px-Arrleft.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="133" /></a></span> Era George</td> <td width="50%" style="text-align:right;">Era Edward <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Arrright.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arrright.svg/10px-Arrright.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arrright.svg/15px-Arrright.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Arrright.svg/20px-Arrright.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="133" /></a></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Periode dan era dalam sejarah Inggris</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Inggris_Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Inggris Anglo-Saxon">Periode Anglo-Saxon</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:King_Alfred_(The_Great).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/King_Alfred_%28The_Great%29.jpg/20px-King_Alfred_%28The_Great%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/King_Alfred_%28The_Great%29.jpg/30px-King_Alfred_%28The_Great%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/King_Alfred_%28The_Great%29.jpg/40px-King_Alfred_%28The_Great%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> (927–1066)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inggris_Norman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inggris Norman (halaman belum tersedia)">Periode Norman</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:King_William_I_(%27The_Conqueror%27)_from_NPG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/King_William_I_%28%27The_Conqueror%27%29_from_NPG.jpg/20px-King_William_I_%28%27The_Conqueror%27%29_from_NPG.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/King_William_I_%28%27The_Conqueror%27%29_from_NPG.jpg/30px-King_William_I_%28%27The_Conqueror%27%29_from_NPG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/King_William_I_%28%27The_Conqueror%27%29_from_NPG.jpg/40px-King_William_I_%28%27The_Conqueror%27%29_from_NPG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3380" /></a></span> (1066–1154)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Plantagenet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Era Plantagenet (halaman belum tersedia)">Periode Plantagenet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Richard_I_of_England.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Richard_I_of_England.png/20px-Richard_I_of_England.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Richard_I_of_England.png/30px-Richard_I_of_England.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Richard_I_of_England.png/40px-Richard_I_of_England.png 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="601" /></a></span> (1154–1485)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periode_Tudor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periode Tudor (halaman belum tersedia)">Periode Tudor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Henry-VIII-kingofengland_1491-1547.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Henry-VIII-kingofengland_1491-1547.jpg/20px-Henry-VIII-kingofengland_1491-1547.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Henry-VIII-kingofengland_1491-1547.jpg/30px-Henry-VIII-kingofengland_1491-1547.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Henry-VIII-kingofengland_1491-1547.jpg/40px-Henry-VIII-kingofengland_1491-1547.jpg 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> (1485–1603)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Era_Elizabeth" title="Era Elizabeth">Era Elizabeth</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Elizabeth_I_(Armada_Portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Elizabeth_I_%28Armada_Portrait%29.jpg/20px-Elizabeth_I_%28Armada_Portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Elizabeth_I_%28Armada_Portrait%29.jpg/30px-Elizabeth_I_%28Armada_Portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Elizabeth_I_%28Armada_Portrait%29.jpg/40px-Elizabeth_I_%28Armada_Portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> (1558–1603)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periode_Stuart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periode Stuart (halaman belum tersedia)">Periode Stuart</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg/20px-James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg/30px-James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg/40px-James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2661" data-file-height="3849" /></a></span> (1603–1714)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Jacob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Era Jacob (halaman belum tersedia)">Era Jacob</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg/20px-James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg/30px-James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg/40px-James_I_of_England_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2661" data-file-height="3849" /></a></span> (1603–1625)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Era_Charles" title="Era Charles">Era Charles</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:After_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_King_Charles_I_-_Wallace_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/After_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_King_Charles_I_-_Wallace_Collection.jpg/20px-After_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_King_Charles_I_-_Wallace_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/After_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_King_Charles_I_-_Wallace_Collection.jpg/30px-After_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_King_Charles_I_-_Wallace_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/After_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_King_Charles_I_-_Wallace_Collection.jpg/40px-After_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_King_Charles_I_-_Wallace_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="792" /></a></span> (1625–1649)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(Inggris)" title="Interregnum (Inggris)">Interregnum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/20px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/30px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/40px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2916" /></a></span> (1649–1660)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Restorasi_(Inggris)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restorasi (Inggris)">Era Restorasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Charles_II_of_England.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Charles_II_of_England.jpeg/20px-Charles_II_of_England.jpeg" decoding="async" width="20" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Charles_II_of_England.jpeg/30px-Charles_II_of_England.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Charles_II_of_England.jpeg/40px-Charles_II_of_England.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="1159" /></a></span> (1660–1688)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Era_George" title="Era George">Era George</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:George_II_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/George_II_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg/20px-George_II_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/George_II_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg/30px-George_II_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/George_II_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg/40px-George_II_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3954" /></a></span> (1714–1830)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Era Victoria</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg/20px-Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg/30px-Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg/40px-Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> (1837–1901)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Era_Edward" title="Era Edward">Era Edward</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Edward_vii_england.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Edward_vii_england.jpg/20px-Edward_vii_england.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Edward_vii_england.jpg/30px-Edward_vii_england.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Edward_vii_england.jpg/40px-Edward_vii_england.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> (1901–1910)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Britania_Raya_selama_Perang_Dunia_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Britania Raya selama Perang Dunia I (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Dunia I</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Daddy_in_the_great_war.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Daddy_in_the_great_war.jpg/20px-Daddy_in_the_great_war.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Daddy_in_the_great_war.jpg/30px-Daddy_in_the_great_war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Daddy_in_the_great_war.jpg/40px-Daddy_in_the_great_war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="714" /></a></span> (1914–1918)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_antar_perang" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode antar perang">Periode Antar Perang</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10246,_England,_Arbeitslose_vor_Gewerkschaftshaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10246%2C_England%2C_Arbeitslose_vor_Gewerkschaftshaus.jpg/20px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10246%2C_England%2C_Arbeitslose_vor_Gewerkschaftshaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10246%2C_England%2C_Arbeitslose_vor_Gewerkschaftshaus.jpg/30px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10246%2C_England%2C_Arbeitslose_vor_Gewerkschaftshaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10246%2C_England%2C_Arbeitslose_vor_Gewerkschaftshaus.jpg/40px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10246%2C_England%2C_Arbeitslose_vor_Gewerkschaftshaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="576" /></a></span> (1918–1939)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_militer_Britania_Raya_selama_Perang_Dunia_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah militer Britania Raya selama Perang Dunia II (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Dunia II</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:HMS_Royal_Oak_(08).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/HMS_Royal_Oak_%2808%29.jpg/20px-HMS_Royal_Oak_%2808%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/HMS_Royal_Oak_%2808%29.jpg/30px-HMS_Royal_Oak_%2808%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/HMS_Royal_Oak_%2808%29.jpg/40px-HMS_Royal_Oak_%2808%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> (1939–1945)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Britania_Raya_(1945%E2%80%93sekarang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Britania Raya (1945–sekarang) (halaman belum tersedia)">Britania Modern</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Elizabeth_and_Philip_1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Elizabeth_and_Philip_1953.jpg/20px-Elizabeth_and_Philip_1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Elizabeth_and_Philip_1953.jpg/30px-Elizabeth_and_Philip_1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Elizabeth_and_Philip_1953.jpg/40px-Elizabeth_and_Philip_1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="751" /></a></span> (1945–Sekarang)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Periode_dalam_sejarah_Inggris" title="Templat:Periode dalam sejarah Inggris"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Periode_dalam_sejarah_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Periode dalam sejarah Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Periode_dalam_sejarah_Inggris&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Era Victoria</b> dalam <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Britania_Raya" title="Sejarah Britania Raya">sejarah Britania Raya</a> adalah periode pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Ratu_Victoria" class="mw-disambig" title="Ratu Victoria">Ratu Victoria</a> dari 20 Juni 1837 sampai kematiannya pada 22 Januari 1901. Era ini ditandai oleh periode panjang perdamaian, kemakmuran, kejayaan Britania di kancah internasional, dan tingginya rasa percaya diri nasional warga Britania.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa pakar berpendapat bahwa kejayaan politik Britania pada era Victoria dimulai setelah disahkannya <a href="/wiki/Undang-Undang_Reformasi_1832" title="Undang-Undang Reformasi 1832">Undang-Undang Reformasi 1832</a>. Era ini didahului oleh <a href="/wiki/Era_George" title="Era George">era George</a> dan dilanjutkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Era_Edward" title="Era Edward">era Edward</a>. Setengah periode era Victoria bertepatan dengan era <i><a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a></i> Eropa dan <i><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. </p><p>Dalam bidang kebudayaan, terjadi transisi dari <a href="/wiki/Rasionalisme" title="Rasionalisme">rasionalisme</a> pada era George menuju <a href="/wiki/Romantisisme" title="Romantisisme">romantisisme</a> dan mistisisme yang berkaitan dengan agama, nilai sosial, dan seni.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_internasional" title="Hubungan internasional">hubungan internasional</a>, era Victoria ditandai dengan periode panjang perdamaian, yang dikenal dengan <i><a href="/wiki/Pax_Britannica" title="Pax Britannica">Pax Britannica</a></i>, serta kemakmuran ekonomi, sosial, industri, dan kejayaan kolonial Britania Raya di kancah internasional. Namun, hal-hal ini terganggu oleh pecahnya <a href="/wiki/Perang_Krimea" title="Perang Krimea">Perang Krimea</a> pada tahun 1854. Pada akhir periode, terjadi <a href="/wiki/Perang_Boer" title="Perang Boer">Perang Boer</a> di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a>. Di dalam negeri, kebijakan pemerintah semakin liberal dengan pegeseran ke arah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_reformasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan reformasi (halaman belum tersedia)">reformasi politik</a>, reformasi industri, dan perluasan hak pilih. Dua tokoh penting yang muncul pada era ini adalah perdana menteri <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Edward Gladstone</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, yang secara tidak langsung turut berperan dalam perubahan sejarah Britania. Disraeli, yang menjadi favorit ratu, tergabung ke dalam faksi Tory, sedangkan saingannya, Gladstone, adalah seorang tokoh liberal yang juga dipercayai oleh Ratu. Ia turut berperan dalam proses pembuatan hukum pada era tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jumlah <a href="/wiki/Inggris#Demografi" title="Inggris">penduduk Inggris</a> meningkat hampir dua kali lipat pada periode ini, dari yang sebelumnya berjumlah 16,8 juta pada 1851 menjadi 30,5 juta pada 1901. Pada saat ini juga <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> menjadi kota terbesar di dunia, sebelum dikalahkan oleh <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York City</a> pada 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sedangkan penduduk <a href="/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a> juga meningkat pesat dari 2,8 juta pada 1851 menjadi 4,5 juta pada 1901, sebagian besar adalah warga <a href="/wiki/Irlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlandia">Irlandia</a> (saat itu masih bagian dari Britania Raya), yang berbondong-bondong pindah ke <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulau Britania">Pulau Britania</a> setelah <a href="/wiki/Wabah_Kelaparan_Besar" title="Wabah Kelaparan Besar">Wabah Kelaparan Besar</a> pada tahun 1850-an.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada waktu yang bersamaan, sekitar 15 juta <a href="/wiki/Emigran" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigran">emigran</a> meninggalkan Kepulauan Britania dan menetap di Amerika Serikat dan jajahan Britania lainnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada awal era Victoria, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a> dipimpin oleh dua faksi, yakni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Whig_(partai_politik_Britania_Raya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whig (partai politik Britania Raya) (halaman belum tersedia)">Whig</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tory_(partai_politik_Britania_Raya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tory (partai politik Britania Raya) (halaman belum tersedia)">Tory</a>. Sejak 1850-an, faksi Whig jadi lebih condong ke arah <a href="/wiki/Partai_Liberal_(Britania_Raya)" title="Partai Liberal (Britania Raya)">Liberal</a>; sedangkan Tory condong ke arah <a href="/wiki/Partai_Konservatif_(Britania_Raya)" title="Partai Konservatif (Britania Raya)">Konservatif</a>. Partai-partai ini dipimpin oleh sejumlah negarawan terkemuka, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Lamb (halaman belum tersedia)">Lord Melbourne</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Smith-Stanley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Smith-Stanley (halaman belum tersedia)">Lord Derby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_Viscount_Palmerston_III" title="Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston III">Lord Palmerston</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Cecil,_Marquess_Salisbury_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Cecil, Marquess Salisbury III (halaman belum tersedia)">Lord Salisbury</a>. Masalah politik yang belum terpecahkan sehubungan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rancangan_Undang-Undang_Home_Rule_Irlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rancangan Undang-Undang Home Rule Irlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">kemerdekaan Irlandia</a> berperan penting dalam kestabilan politik pada era Victoria di kemudian hari, terutama mengenai tindakan penyelesaian yang dilakukan oleh Gladstone. Akibat kebijakan politik pada era Victoria, Irlandia bagian selatan memperoleh kemerdekaan pada tahun 1922. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kebudayaan">Kebudayaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kebudayaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kebudayaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pernikahan">Pernikahan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Pernikahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pernikahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada Era Victoria, <a href="/wiki/Pernikahan" title="Pernikahan">pernikahan</a> masih bersifat tradisional. Pernikahan tidak didasarkan kepada pengalaman pribadi yang didasarkan oleh cinta semata. Suatu pernikahan diatur oleh <a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">adat</a> dan pertimbangan sosial seperti keluarga terpandang. Selain itu, terkadang ada perantara <a href="/wiki/Perjodohan" title="Perjodohan">perjodohan</a> sebelum pernikahan diadakan. Persoalan cinta dianggap akan timbul setelah pernikahan.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22254620">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><span><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Britania_Raya" title="Portal:Britania Raya">Portal Britania Raya </a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_dekoratif_era_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni dekoratif era Victoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Seni dekoratif era Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mode_era_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mode era Victoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Mode era Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moralitas_era_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moralitas era Victoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Moralitas era Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sastra_era_Victoria" title="Sastra era Victoria">Sastra era Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialisme" title="Imperialisme">Imperialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_internasional_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="Hubungan internasional (1814–1919)">Hubungan internasional (1814–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-Victoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Neo-Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_sosial_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah sosial Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah sosial Inggris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria_Amerika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Era Victoria Amerika (halaman belum tersedia)">Era Victoria Amerika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanita_pada_era_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanita pada era Victoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Wanita pada era Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoriana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victoriana (halaman belum tersedia)">Victoriana</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pax_Britannica" title="Pax Britannica">Pax Britannica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horror_Victorianorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horror Victorianorum (halaman belum tersedia)">Horror Victorianorum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemakaman_era_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemakaman era Victoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemakaman era Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsitektur_era_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsitektur era Victoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Arsitektur era Victoria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">John Wolffe (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=VRkNAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA129"><i>Religion in Victorian Britain: Culture and empire. Volume V</i></a>. Manchester University Press. hlm. 129–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+Victorian+Britain%3A+Culture+and+empire.+Volume+V.&rft.pages=129-30&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.au=John+Wolffe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVRkNAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEra+Victoria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dixon, Nicholas (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historytoday.com/nicholas-dixon/georgian-victorian">"From Georgian to Victorian"</a>. <i>History Review</i>. <b>2010</b> (68): 34–38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Review&rft.atitle=From+Georgian+to+Victorian&rft.volume=2010&rft.issue=68&rft.pages=34-38&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Fnicholas-dixon%2Fgeorgian-victorian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEra+Victoria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622083515/http://www.fabians.org.uk/publications/extracts/is-this-what-labours-next-clause-four-should-say">"Is this what Labour's next Clause four should say?"</a>. Fabians.org.uk. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fabians.org.uk/publications/extracts/is-this-what-labours-next-clause-four-should-say">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-06-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+this+what+Labour%27s+next+Clause+four+should+say%3F&rft.pub=Fabians.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fabians.org.uk%2Fpublications%2Fextracts%2Fis-this-what-labours-next-clause-four-should-say&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEra+Victoria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fom2005/01_FOPM_Population.pdf">The UK and future</a>, statistics.gov.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.tinet.ie/~cronews/geog/census/popcosum.html">"Ireland – Population Summary"</a>. Homepage.tinet.ie<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ireland+%E2%80%93+Population+Summary&rft.pub=Homepage.tinet.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.tinet.ie%2F~cronews%2Fgeog%2Fcensus%2Fpopcosum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEra+Victoria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/past_exhibitions/exiles_and_emigrants/">Exiles and Emigrants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090622082624/http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/past_exhibitions/exiles_and_emigrants/">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-06-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. National Museum of Australia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Haricahyono, Cheppy (1987). <i>Ilmu Budaya Dasar</i>. Surabaya: Usaha Nasional. hlm. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilmu+Budaya+Dasar&rft.place=Surabaya&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Usaha+Nasional&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Haricahyono&rft.aufirst=Cheppy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEra+Victoria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Altick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Altick (halaman belum tersedia)">Altick, Richard Daniel</a>. <i>Victorian People and Ideas: A Companion for the Modern Reader of Victorian Literature</i>. W.W. Norton & Company: 1974. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/039309376X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-393-09376-X</a>.</li> <li>Burton, Antoinette (editor). <i>Politics and Empire in Victorian Britain: A Reader</i>. Palgrave Macmillan: 2001. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0312293356" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-312-29335-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Gay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Gay (halaman belum tersedia)">Gay, Peter</a>, <i>The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud</i>, 5 volumes, Oxford University Press, 1984–1989</li> <li>Heilmann, Ann, and Mark Llewellyn, eds. <i>Neo-Victorianism: The Victorians in the Twenty-First Century, 1999–2009</i> (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 323 pages; looks at recent literary & cinematic, interest in the Victorian era, including magic, sexuality, theme parks, and the postcolonial</li> <li>Flanders, Judith. <i>Inside the Victorian Home: A Portrait of Domestic Life in Victorian England</i>. W.W. Norton & Company: 2004. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0393052095" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-393-05209-5</a>.</li> <li>Mitchell, Sally. <i>Daily Life in Victorian England</i>. Greenwood Press: 1996. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0313294674" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-313-29467-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._N._Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. N. Wilson (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilson, A. N.</a> <i>The Victorians</i>. Arrow Books: 2002. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0099451867" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-09-945186-7</a></li> <li><i>A Victorian Childhood</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Annabel_Caroline_Grant_Duff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claire Annabel Caroline Grant Duff (halaman belum tersedia)">Annabel Jackson</a>, 1932 (memoir)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Victoria&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cma.timesonline.co.uk:9080/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article2482136.ece?token=466288862">Great Victorian Lives – An Era in Obituaries from <i>The Times</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Januari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mostly-victorian.com/">Mostly-Victorian.com</a> A collection of primary-source documents drawn from Victorian periodicals.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianlondon.org/">The Victorian Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/">The Victorian Web</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicaleye.com/Lost1.html">The Twilight City</a> An exploration of vagrancy and streetwalkers in late Victorian London</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/victorians/victorianhome.html">Victorians</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="British Library">British Library</a> history resources about the Victorian era, featuring collection material and text by Liza Picard.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/timeline/">Timelines: Sources from history – British Library interactive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910133031/http://www.bl.uk/timeline">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-09-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juliantrubin.com/schooldirectory/victorianscienceresources.html">Notable Victorian Scientists and Inventors</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_sejarah_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu sejarah Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kronologi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_pembentukan_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah pembentukan Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembentukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_George" title="Era George">Era George</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Era Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_Edward" title="Era Edward">Era Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Britania_Raya_selama_Perang_Dunia_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Britania Raya selama Perang Dunia I (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Dunia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Britania_Raya#Era_antarperang" title="Sejarah Britania Raya">Antarperang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Britania_Raya#Perang_Dunia_II" title="Sejarah Britania Raya">Perang Dunia II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Britania_Raya_(1945%E2%80%93sekarang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Britania Raya (1945–sekarang) (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejak 1945</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Britania_Raya_pascaperang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britania Raya pascaperang (halaman belum tersedia)">Britania Raya pascaperang</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Menurut topik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_ekonomi_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah ekonomi Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">Imperium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_maritim_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah maritim Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Maritim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_militer_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah militer Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Militer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Britania_Raya" title="Geografi Britania Raya">Geografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografi_administratif_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografi administratif Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Administratif</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negara_di_Britania_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara di Britania Raya">Negara di Britania Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependensi_Kerajaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dependensi Kerajaan">Dependensi Kerajaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Seberang_Laut_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Seberang Laut Britania">Wilayah Seberang Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Status_kota_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Status kota di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Status kota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kota_di_Britania_Raya" title="Daftar kota di Britania Raya">Kota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_yang_merdeka_dari_Britania_Raya" title="Daftar negara yang merdeka dari Britania Raya">Bekas jajahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Britania_Raya" title="Geografi Britania Raya">Fisik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Britania" title="Kepulauan Britania">Kepulauan Britania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminologi_Kepulauan_Britania" title="Terminologi Kepulauan Britania">Terminologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Britania_Raya" title="Pulau Britania Raya">Pulau Britania Raya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geologi_Pulau_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geologi Pulau Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Geologi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Irlandia#Geological_development" title="Geografi Irlandia">Irlandia Utara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_danau_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar danau di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Danau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_gunung_dan_bukit_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar gunung dan bukit di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Gunung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_sungai_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar sungai di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_gunung_api_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar gunung api di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Gunung api</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politik_Britania_Raya" title="Politik Britania Raya">Politik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstitusi_Britania_Raya" title="Konstitusi Britania Raya">Konstitusi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengadilan_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengadilan Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengadilan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_umum_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan umum di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemilihan umum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_internasional_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan internasional Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Hubungan internasional</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejaksaan_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejaksaan Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kejaksaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penegakan_hukum_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penegakan hukum di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Penegakan hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_legislatif_Britania_Raya_legislation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan legislatif Britania Raya legislation (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan legislatif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarki_Britania_Raya" title="Monarki Britania Raya">Monarki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Britania_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Britania Raya">raja/ratu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_kewarganegaraan_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum kewarganegaraan Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kewarganegaraan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlemen_Britania_Raya" title="Parlemen Britania Raya">Parlemen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_partai_politik_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar partai politik di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Partai politik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_Britania_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemerintahan Britania Raya">Pemerintahan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabinet_Britania_Raya" title="Kabinet Britania Raya">Kabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_pemerintahan_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar pemerintahan Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">daftar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Civil_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Civil Service">Layanan sipil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Pemerintahan_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departemen Pemerintahan Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Britania_Raya" title="Perdana Menteri Britania Raya">Perdana Menteri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Perdana_Menteri_Britania_Raya" title="Daftar Perdana Menteri Britania Raya">daftar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Britania Raya">Militer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Laut Britania Raya">Angkatan Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Darat Britania Raya">Angkatan Darat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Udara Britania Raya">Angkatan Udara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britania_Raya_senjata_dan_senjata_pemusnah_massal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britania Raya senjata dan senjata pemusnah massal (halaman belum tersedia)">Senjata pemusnah massal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Britania_Raya" title="Ekonomi Britania Raya">Ekonomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_bank_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar bank di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anggaran_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anggaran Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Anggaran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografi_ekonomi_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografi ekonomi Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Geografi ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energi_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energi Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertambangan_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertambangan di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertambangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound <span style="font-size:85%;">(alat tukar)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_efek_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa efek London">Bursa saham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpajakan_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perpajakan di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Perpajakan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telekomunikasi_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telekomunikasi di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Telekomunikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pariwisata_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pariwisata di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Pariwisata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportasi_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportasi di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Transportasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Masyarakat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriminalitas_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriminalitas di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kriminalitas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografi_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografi Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Demografi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendidikan_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendidikan di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendidikan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelompok_etnis_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelompok etnis di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kelompok etnis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesehatan_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesehatan di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesehatan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imigrasi_ke_Britania_Raya_sejak_1922&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imigrasi ke Britania Raya sejak 1922 (halaman belum tersedia)">Imigrasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemiskinan_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemiskinan di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kemiskinan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitusi_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostitusi di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Prostitusi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hari_libur_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hari libur di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Hari libur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlindungan_sosial_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlindungan sosial di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Perlindungan sosial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Struktur_sosial_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Struktur sosial Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Struktur sosial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebudayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Seni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinema_Britania_Raya" title="Sinema Britania Raya">Sinema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masakan_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masakan Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Masakan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britishness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britishness (halaman belum tersedia)">Identitas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sastra_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sastra Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Sastra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Televisi_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Televisi di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">televisi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musik_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musik Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Musik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Britania_Raya" title="Agama di Britania Raya">Agama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olahraga_di_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olahraga di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Olahraga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbol_Britania_Raya,_Kepulauan_Channel_dan_Pulau_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbol Britania Raya, Kepulauan Channel dan Pulau Man (halaman belum tersedia)">Simbol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teater_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teater Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Teater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Negara_di_Britania_Raya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Negara_di_Britania_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara di Britania Raya">Negara di Britania Raya</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Inggris" title="Sejarah Inggris">Sejarah</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_sosial_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah sosial Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">sosial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_sejarah_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu sejarah Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">garis waktu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Inggris" title="Geografi Inggris">Geografi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Politik</a></li> 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