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Physics">physics.app-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/ad2e25">10.1088/1361-648X/ad2e25 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Unexpected versatile electrical transport behaviors of ferromagnetic nickel films </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang%2C+K">Kai-Xuan Zhang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xu%2C+H">Hanshu Xu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Keum%2C+J">Jihoon Keum</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wang%2C+X">Xiangqi Wang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liu%2C+M">Meizhuang Liu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+Z">Zuxin Chen</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.14275v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of magnets is paramount for electrically controlled spintronics due to their intrinsic potentials for higher memory density, scalability, thermal stability and endurance, surpassing an in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA). Nickel film is a long-lived fundamental element ferromagnet, yet its electrical transport behavior associated with magnetism has not been c… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.14275v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2402.14275v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.14275v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of magnets is paramount for electrically controlled spintronics due to their intrinsic potentials for higher memory density, scalability, thermal stability and endurance, surpassing an in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA). Nickel film is a long-lived fundamental element ferromagnet, yet its electrical transport behavior associated with magnetism has not been comprehensively studied, hindering corresponding spintronic applications exploiting nickel-based compounds. Here, we systematically investigate the highly versatile magnetism and corresponding transport behavior of nickel films. As the thickness reduces within the general thickness regime of a magnet layer for a memory device, the hardness of nickel films' ferromagnetic loop of anomalous Hall effect increases and then decreases, reflecting the magnetic transitions from IMA to PMA and back to IMA. Additionally, the square ferromagnetic loop changes from a hard to a soft one at rising temperatures, indicating a shift from PMA to IMA. Furthermore, we observe a butterfly magnetoresistance resulting from the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect, which evolves in conjunction with the thickness and temperature-dependent magnetic transformations as a complementary support. Our findings unveil the rich magnetic dynamics and most importantly settle down the most useful guiding information for current-driven spintronic applications based on nickel film: The hysteresis loop is squarest for the ~8 nm-thick nickel film, of highest hardness with Rxyr/Rxys~1 and minimum Hs-Hc, up to 125 K; otherwise, extra care should be taken for a different thickness or at a higher temperature. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.14275v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2402.14275v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 21 February, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">9 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 36, 235801 (2024) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.14384">arXiv:2312.14384</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.14384">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Applied Physics">physics.app-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Physics">quant-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202312824">10.1002/adma.202312824 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Broken inversion symmetry in van der Waals topological ferromagnetic metal iron germanium telluride </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang%2C+K">Kai-Xuan Zhang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ju%2C+H">Hwiin Ju</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+H">Hyuncheol Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cui%2C+J">Jingyuan Cui</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Keum%2C+J">Jihoon Keum</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Park%2C+J">Je-Geun Park</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lee%2C+J+S">Jong Seok Lee</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.14384v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Inversion symmetry breaking is critical for many quantum effects and fundamental for spin-orbit torque, which is crucial for next-generation spintronics. Recently, a novel type of gigantic intrinsic spin-orbit torque has been established in the topological van-der-Waals (vdW) magnet iron germanium telluride. However, it remains a puzzle because no clear evidence exists for interlayer inversion sym… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.14384v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2312.14384v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.14384v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Inversion symmetry breaking is critical for many quantum effects and fundamental for spin-orbit torque, which is crucial for next-generation spintronics. Recently, a novel type of gigantic intrinsic spin-orbit torque has been established in the topological van-der-Waals (vdW) magnet iron germanium telluride. However, it remains a puzzle because no clear evidence exists for interlayer inversion symmetry breaking. Here, we report the definitive evidence of broken inversion symmetry in iron germanium telluride directly measured by the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique. Our data show that the crystal symmetry reduces from centrosymmetric P63/mmc to noncentrosymmetric polar P3m1 space group, giving the three-fold SHG pattern with dominant out-of-plane polarization. Additionally, the SHG response evolves from an isotropic pattern to a sharp three-fold symmetry upon increasing Fe deficiency, mainly due to the transition from random defects to ordered Fe vacancies. Such SHG response is robust against temperature, ensuring unaltered crystalline symmetries above and below the ferromagnetic transition temperature. These findings add crucial new information to our understanding of this interesting vdW metal, iron germanium telluride: band topology, intrinsic spin-orbit torque and topological vdW polar metal states. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.14384v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2312.14384v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 21 December, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">32 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by Advanced Materials</span> </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet"> <!-- feedback for mobile only --> <span class="help" style="display: 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