CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head > <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/themes/eleven40-pro/images/cni_share.jpg"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <title>Metadata</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />  <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer> var gtm4wp_datalayer_name = "dataLayer"; var dataLayer = dataLayer || []; </script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.formstack.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CNI: Coalition for Networked Information » Feed" href="https://www.cni.org/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="CNI: Coalition for Networked Information » iCal Feed" href="https://www.cni.org/event-calendar/?ical=1" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/metadata" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_css-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/css/forms.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eleven40-pro-theme-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/23uu43sq/du5z1.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/dvetlbrb/du5z1.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/kxgxstr5/du5z1.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='formstack-css-css' href='//www.formstack.com/forms/css/2/wordpress-post.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='surl-lasso-lite-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/ftyzcqcj/du5z1.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ivory-search-styles-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/2quplp3y/du5z1.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpb-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A400%2C400i%2C500%2C500i%2C700%2C700i%7CZilla+Slab%3A400%2C400i%2C500%2C500i%2C600%2C600i%2C700%2C700i&ver=6.6.2&display=swap' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/zfulwn5/du5z1.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cnistyle-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/lm791omx/du5z1.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_social_media_icons_widget-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/6jh6thdx/fpx5f.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='genesis-printstyle-plus-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/lpjvflk9/du5z1.css' type='text/css' media='print' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='genesis-printstyle-plus-additions-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/l0yqr7eh/du5z1.css' type='text/css' media='print' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gca-column-styles-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/6jf7um52/du5z1.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cni.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cni.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/themes/eleven40-pro/js/responsive-menu.js?ver=1.0.0" id="eleven40-responsive-menu-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.cni.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.cni.org/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/32" /><script type="text/javascript"> (function(url){ if(/(?:Chrome\/26\.0\.1410\.63 Safari\/537\.31|WordfenceTestMonBot)/.test(navigator.userAgent)){ return; } var addEvent = function(evt, handler) { if (window.addEventListener) { document.addEventListener(evt, handler, false); } else if (window.attachEvent) { document.attachEvent('on' + evt, handler); } }; var removeEvent = function(evt, handler) { if (window.removeEventListener) { document.removeEventListener(evt, handler, false); } else if (window.detachEvent) { document.detachEvent('on' + evt, handler); } }; var evts = 'contextmenu dblclick drag dragend dragenter dragleave dragover dragstart drop keydown keypress keyup mousedown mousemove mouseout mouseover mouseup mousewheel scroll'.split(' '); var logHuman = function() { if (window.wfLogHumanRan) { return; } window.wfLogHumanRan = true; var wfscr = document.createElement('script'); wfscr.type = 'text/javascript'; wfscr.async = true; wfscr.src = url + '&r=' + Math.random(); (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(wfscr); for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { removeEvent(evts[i], logHuman); } }; for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { addEvent(evts[i], logHuman); } })('//www.cni.org/?wordfence_lh=1&hid=4ED1581AAF3B51F9008225B89A01CF1A'); </script><meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://www.cni.org"><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.cni.org/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style>   <script data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer type="text/javascript"> var dataLayer_content = {"pagePostType":"post","pagePostType2":"category-post","pageCategory":["diversity-equity-inclusion-and-accessibility","cni2024fallpb","information-access-retrieval","metadata","pbs","publishing","scholarly-communication"]}; dataLayer.push( dataLayer_content ); </script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-pmdelayedscript="data:text/javascript;base64,CihmdW5jdGlvbih3LGQscyxsLGkpe3dbbF09d1tsXXx8W107d1tsXS5wdXNoKHsnZ3RtLnN0YXJ0JzoKbmV3IERhdGUoKS5nZXRUaW1lKCksZXZlbnQ6J2d0bS5qcyd9KTt2YXIgZj1kLmdldEVsZW1lbnRzQnlUYWdOYW1lKHMpWzBdLApqPWQuY3JlYXRlRWxlbWVudChzKSxkbD1sIT0nZGF0YUxheWVyJz8nJmw9JytsOicnO2ouYXN5bmM9dHJ1ZTtqLnNyYz0KJy8vd3d3Lmdvb2dsZXRhZ21hbmFnZXIuY29tL2d0bS5qcz9pZD0nK2krZGw7Zi5wYXJlbnROb2RlLmluc2VydEJlZm9yZShqLGYpOwp9KSh3aW5kb3csZG9jdW1lbnQsJ3NjcmlwdCcsJ2RhdGFMYXllcicsJ0dUTS01TDNXVENNJyk7Cg==" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script>  <link rel="next" href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/metadata/page/2" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="hUAR5AX1n3a8SK40aKQyy1BzavNd6Oo5tSgDJSNqvdg" /> <style type="text/css">.site-header .title-area { background: url(https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/cni_logo_website_supercompressed-1.png) no-repeat !important; }</style>  <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Metadata" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/metadata" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Providing good metadata for digital content assists users in locating and using relevant information. CNI was active in early discussions of the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative and continues to en…" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CNI: Coalition for Networked Information" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/cni_icon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="200" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@cni_org" />  <link rel="icon" href="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/cni_icon-150x150.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/cni_icon.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/cni_icon.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/cni_icon.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .post-type-archive-tribe_events #tribe-events-content .tribe-events-abbr { padding-left: .3rem !important; padding-right: .3rem !important; } .post-type-archive-tribe_events #tribe-events-content .tribe-postal-code { padding-right: .3rem !important; } .widget_wpcom_social_media_icons_widget .genericon { font-size: 32px; color: #666; } .widget_wpcom_social_media_icons_widget .genericon:hover { color: #171254; } #auxright .widget_wpcom_social_media_icons_widget .genericon { font-size: 22px; color: #666; padding:3px 0 0 0; } #auxright .widget_wpcom_social_media_icons_widget .genericon:hover { color: #171254; text-decoration: none; } .tribe-events-list-widget .tribe-events-list-widget-events { padding-left: 0; } div#gsc-iw-id1 table { line-height: 1.425; height: 28px; margin-bottom: 0; } .chld_inline figure{ display:inline-block; } /*FOOTER - SPONSOR LOGOS*/ .sponsorone a { background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/association-of-research-libraries-logo-fade.png) no-repeat 0px 0px; width: 130px; height: 45px; display: block; transition: none !important; } .sponsorone a:hover { background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/association-of-research-libraries-logo-blue.png) no-repeat 0px 0px; } .sponsortwo a { background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/educause-logo-gray.png) no-repeat 0px 0px; width: 130px; height: 30px; margin-top: 15px; display: block; transition: none !important; } .sponsortwo a:hover { background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/educause-logo-color.gif) no-repeat 0px 0px; } .single-post article.post time.entry-time { display: none; } #rev_slider_1_1_wrapper { margin-top: 1.5rem !important; } /* Staff Page */ .post-22 .one-third img { width: 200px; height: 200px; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 150px; object-position: center; border: 1px solid #171455; } .post-22 .one-third{ margin-bottom:20px; } .simple-section-nav .current_page_item>a { font-weight: 700; color: #2255aa; } /* Search bar */ section#search-4{ float: left; } section#search-4 .search-form{ width:100%; margin-top: -4px; } .utility-bar input[type="search"], .mobile-only .search-form-input{ background: white; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; } section#search-4 input[type="submit"], .mobile-only .search-form-submit { background:#333; border: 0; clip: unset; height: unset; margin:0px; padding: 7px; position: absolute; width: auto; content: "\f179"; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font: normal 18px/1 'dashicons'; vertical-align: middle; } .search-content a{ display:inline-block; margin-bottom:2px; } .search-content a:hover{ border-bottom:1px dotted #ed702b; } .search-content a:hover>h2{ color:#ed702b; } .search-content a>h2{ margin-bottom:2px; } li.mobile-only{ display:none !important; } .genericon-flickr:before{ content:' ' !important; background-image:url('/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/bluesky-brands-solid.png'); background-size:cover; height:32px; width:32px; display:block; filter: contrast(0.3); } .genericon-flickr:hover:before{ filter: contrast(0.9); } .genericon-tumblr:before{ content:' ' !important; background-image:url('/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/mastodon-e1688639232509.png'); background-size:cover; height:32px; width:32px; display:block; filter: contrast(0.3); } .genericon-tumblr:hover:before{ filter: contrast(0.9); } .genericon-twitter:before{ content:' ' !important; background-image:url('/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/x-twitter.png'); background-size:cover; height:32px; width:32px; display:block; filter: contrast(0.3); } .genericon-twitter:hover:before{ filter: contrast(0.9); } .widget li{ position:relative; } li.page_item.page_item_has_children>span{ border-radius: 30px; border: 1px solid #2255aa; display: inline-block; width: 20px; height: 20px; text-align: center; color: #2255aa; line-height: 18px; position: absolute; right: -10px; top: 2px; cursor: pointer; } /* staff */ .staff-member { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-bottom:10px; } .staff-member div { padding: 10px; } .staff-member div p { margin-bottom: 5px; } .staff-member h4{ margin:0px; display:inline-block; } .staff-member h5{ margin-top:5px; } .staff-member img { width: 200px; min-width: 200px; height: 200px; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 150px; object-position: center; border: 1px solid #171455; margin-bottom:0px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 480px) { .staff-member { display: block; } li.mobile-only{ display:block !important; } .mobile-only form.search-form { width: calc(100% - 40px); float: unset !important; margin: auto; margin-bottom:10px; } .mobile-only input#searchform-2 { width: calc(100% - 32px); } } </style> <div class="astm-search-menu-wrapper is-menu-wrapper"><div><span class=" astm-search-menu is-menu is-dropdown"><a title="" href="#" role="button" aria-label="Search Icon Link"><svg width="20" height="20" class="search-icon" role="img" viewBox="2 9 20 5" focusable="false" aria-label="Search"> <path class="search-icon-path" d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path></svg></a><form class="is-search-form is-form-style is-form-style-3 is-form-id-0 " action="https://www.cni.org/" method="get" role="search" ><label for="is-search-input-0"><span class="is-screen-reader-text">Search for:</span><input type="search" id="is-search-input-0" name="s" value="" class="is-search-input" placeholder="Search here..." autocomplete=off /></label><button type="submit" class="is-search-submit"><span class="is-screen-reader-text">Search Button</span><span class="is-search-icon"><svg focusable="false" aria-label="Search" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path></svg></span></button></form></span></div></div><style type="text/css" media="screen">.is-menu path.search-icon-path { fill: #ffffff;}body .popup-search-close:after, body .search-close:after { border-color: #ffffff;}body .popup-search-close:before, body .search-close:before { border-color: #ffffff;}</style></head> <body class="archive category category-metadata category-32 tribe-no-js genesis custom-header header-image header-full-width sidebar-content genesis-breadcrumbs-hidden genesis-footer-widgets-visible eleven40-pro-blue the-big-collection-and-operationalizing-a-new-paradigm-insights-and-learnings-on-tooling-the-shift-toward-an-interdependent-fully-networked-distributed-future" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"><div class="site-container"><div class="utility-bar"><div class="wrap"></div></div><header class="site-header" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader"><div class="wrap"><div class="title-area"><p class="site-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://www.cni.org/">CNI: Coalition for Networked Information</a></p></div><nav class="nav-primary" aria-label="Main" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"><div class="wrap"><ul id="menu-main-nav" class="menu genesis-nav-menu menu-primary"><li id="first-menu-item menu-item-22643" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-22643"><a href="https://www.cni.org/about-cni" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">About CNI</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-22655" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22655"><a href="https://www.cni.org/about-cni/membership" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Membership</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-22657" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22657"><a href="https://www.cni.org/about-cni/staff" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Staff</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-22658" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22658"><a href="https://www.cni.org/about-cni/steering-committee" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Steering Committee</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-22659" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22659"><a href="https://www.cni.org/about-cni/awards" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">CNI Awards</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-22660" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22660"><a href="https://www.cni.org/about-cni/history" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">History</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-22650" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22650"><a href="https://www.cni.org/news" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">CNI News</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-62509" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-62509"><a href="https://www.cni.org/events/membership-meetings" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Membership Meetings</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-62511" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-62511"><a href="https://www.cni.org/events/membership-meetings/upcoming-meeting/fall-2024" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Next Meeting</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-62510" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-62510"><a href="https://www.cni.org/events/membership-meetings/past-meetings" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Past Meetings</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-62512" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-62512"><a href="https://www.cni.org/events/membership-meetings/future-meetings" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Future Meetings</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-456"><a href="https://www.cni.org/topics" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Topics</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-457" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-457"><a href="https://www.cni.org/events" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Events & Projects</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-62585" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-62585"><a href="https://www.cni.org/events/membership-meetings" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Membership Meetings</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-20533" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20533"><a href="https://www.cni.org/events/cni-workshops" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Workshops & Projects</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2862" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2862"><a href="https://www.cni.org/events/events-co-sponsored-by-cni" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Other Events</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2863" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2863"><a href="/event-calendar" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Event Calendar</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-458" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-458"><a href="https://www.cni.org/resources" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Resources</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-5188" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5188"><a href="https://www.cni.org/resources/publications" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">CNI Publications</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-5189" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5189"><a href="/program/" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Program Plan</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-57570" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57570"><a href="https://www.cni.org/resources/pbvs" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Pre-Recorded Project Briefing Series</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-5191" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5191"><a href="https://www.cni.org/resources/video-podcasts" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Videos & Podcasts</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-61128" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-61128"><a href="https://www.cni.org/tag/executive-roundtable-report" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Executive Roundtables</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-5192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5192"><a href="https://www.cni.org/resources/follow-cni" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Follow CNI</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-16273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16273"><a href="https://www.cni.org/resources/historical-resources" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Historical Resources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-60765" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-60765"><a href="https://www.cni.org/contact" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Contact Us</span></a></li> <li class='menu-item mobile-only'><form data-min-no-for-search=1 data-result-box-max-height=400 data-form-id=59074 class="is-search-form is-form-style is-form-style-3 is-form-id-59074 is-ajax-search" action="https://www.cni.org/" method="get" role="search" ><label for="is-search-input-59074"><span class="is-screen-reader-text">Search for:</span><input type="search" id="is-search-input-59074" name="s" value="" class="is-search-input" placeholder="Search here..." autocomplete=off /><span class="is-loader-image" style="display: none;background-image:url(https://www.cni.org/wp-content/plugins/add-search-to-menu/public/images/spinner.gif);" ></span></label><button type="submit" class="is-search-submit"><span class="is-screen-reader-text">Search Button</span><span class="is-search-icon"><svg focusable="false" aria-label="Search" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path></svg></span></button></form></li><li class=" astm-search-menu is-menu is-dropdown last-menu-item menu-item"><a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Search Icon Link"><svg width="20" height="20" class="search-icon" role="img" viewBox="2 9 20 5" focusable="false" aria-label="Search"> <path class="search-icon-path" d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path></svg></a><form class="is-search-form is-form-style is-form-style-3 is-form-id-0 " action="https://www.cni.org/" method="get" role="search" ><label for="is-search-input-0"><span class="is-screen-reader-text">Search for:</span><input type="search" id="is-search-input-0" name="s" value="" class="is-search-input" placeholder="Search here..." autocomplete=off /></label><button type="submit" class="is-search-submit"><span class="is-screen-reader-text">Search Button</span><span class="is-search-icon"><svg focusable="false" aria-label="Search" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path></svg></span></button></form></li></ul></div></nav></div></header><div class="site-inner"><div class="wrap"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><h1 class="entry-title">Metadata</h1><div class="cat_description"><p>Providing good metadata for digital content assists users in locating and using relevant information. CNI was active in early discussions of the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative and continues to encourage discussion of metadata related to digital objects of various types, metadata associated with data sets, and metadata as an integral part of digital preservation.</p> </div><h2>Recent Publications/Reports/Presentations by CNI Staff</h2> “Metadata Harvesting & OAI”</a> (August '01) <br/> Author: Clifford A. Lynch<p> <a href="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2001/08/Metadata-Harvesting-and-the-Open-Archives-Initiative.pdf">View Article</a></p> <a href="https://www.cni.org/publications/cliffs-pubs/metadata-harvesting-oai" rel="bookmark" class="viewmoretext" title="Permanent Link to “Metadata Harvesting & OAI”">View more information</a> <p> </p> “New Context for Bibliographic Control”</a> (November '00) <br/> Author: Clifford A. Lynch<p> <a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/lynch.html">View Online</a></p> <a href="https://www.cni.org/publications/cliffs-pubs/new-context-for-bibliographic-control" rel="bookmark" class="viewmoretext" title="Permanent Link to “New Context for Bibliographic Control”">View more information</a> <p> </p> “Future Developments in Metadata”</a> (July '00) <br/> Author: Clifford A. Lynch<p> In <em>Proceedings of the ALCTS Preconference on Metadata</em>, July 6-7, 2000.</p> <a href="https://www.cni.org/publications/cliffs-pubs/future-developments-in-metadata" rel="bookmark" class="viewmoretext" title="Permanent Link to “Future Developments in Metadata”">View more information</a> <p> </p> “Canonicalization: A Fundamental Tool to Facilitate Preservation & Management of Digital Info”</a> (September '99) <br/> Author: Clifford A. Lynch <a href="http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september99/09lynch.html">View Online</a> <a href="https://www.cni.org/publications/cliffs-pubs/canonicalization" rel="bookmark" class="viewmoretext" title="Permanent Link to “Canonicalization: A Fundamental Tool to Facilitate Preservation & Management of Digital Info”">View more information</a> <p> </p> “The Dublin Core Descriptive Metadata Program”</a> (February '98) <br/> Author: Clifford A. Lynch<p> <a href="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/1998/02/dublin.pdf">View Online</a></p> <a href="https://www.cni.org/publications/cliffs-pubs/dublin-core" rel="bookmark" class="viewmoretext" title="Permanent Link to “The Dublin Core Descriptive Metadata Program”">View more information</a> <p> </p><br/><p class="morearticles">View all <a href="/full-category-display/?tag=14&cat=32"> Publications/Reports/Presentations </a> by CNI Staff on this topic</p><hr noshade><h2>Recent Project Briefings & Plenary Sessions from CNI Meetings</h2> <p><a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/information-access-retrieval/the-big-collection-and-operationalizing-a-new-paradigm-insights-and-learnings-on-tooling-the-shift-toward-an-interdependent-fully-networked-distributed-future" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The BIG Collection and Operationalizing a New Paradigm: Insights and Learnings on Tooling the Shift Toward an Interdependent, Fully Networked, Distributed Future">The BIG Collection and Operationalizing a New Paradigm: Insights and Learnings on Tooling the Shift Toward an Interdependent, Fully Networked, Distributed Future</a> (November '24)</p>  <p>Maurice York, Big Ten Academic Alliance<br> Karla Strieb, Big Ten Academic Alliance</p> <br/> <p><a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/digital-libraries/connecting-the-dots-to-overcome-access-using-open-publication-distribution-system-opds-lightning-round" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Connecting the Dots to Overcome Access Using Open Publication Distribution System (OPDS) (Lightning Round)">Connecting the Dots to Overcome Access Using Open Publication Distribution System (OPDS) (Lightning Round)</a> (November '24)</p>  <p>James English, Lyrasis </p> <br/> <p><a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/digital-libraries/the-future-of-rightsstatements-org-an-update-and-community-discussion" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The Future of RightsStatements.org: An Update and Community Discussion">The Future of RightsStatements.org: An Update and Community Discussion</a> (November '24)</p>  <p>Emily Gore, University of Georgia<br> Melissa Levine, University of Michigan<br> Maarten Zeinstra, Open Netherlands Association</p> <br/> <p><a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/digital-curation/generative-artificial-intelligence-innovation-for-libraries-and-learning" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Generative Artificial Intelligence Innovation for Libraries and Learning">Generative Artificial Intelligence Innovation for Libraries and Learning</a> (November '24)</p>  <p>Greg Ritter, Amazon Web Services<br> Sarah Ben Mamaar, Weill Cornell Medicine<br> Cory Tressler, Ohio State University<br> Joe Naccarato, University of Delaware</p> <br/> <p><a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/assessment/improving-open-access-discovery-for-academic-library-users-a-conversation-with-library-leaders" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Improving Open Access Discovery for Academic Library Users: A Conversation with Library Leaders">Improving Open Access Discovery for Academic Library Users: A Conversation with Library Leaders</a> (November '24)</p>  <p>Ixchel Faniel, OCLC<br> Molly Beisler, University of Nevada, Reno<br> Harriett Green, The University of Arizona<br> Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</p> <br/> <br/><p class="morearticles">View all CNI <a href="/full-category-display/?tag=279&cat=32">Project Briefings & Plenary Sessions </a>on this topic</p><hr noshade><h2>Recent Videos</h2> Ontario Universities’ Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Task Force Moves Ahead</a> (August '24)  <br/> Jacqueline Whyte Appleby, Scholars Portal<br> Catherine Steeves, Western University <a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/special-collections/ontario-universities-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-task-force-moves-ahead" rel="bookmark" class="viewmoretext" title="Permanent Link to Ontario Universities’ Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Task Force Moves Ahead">View more information</a> <p> </p> Open Research Infrastructure Program Updates from Lyrasis</a> (May '24)  <br/> Sheila Rabun, Lyrasis <a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/digital-libraries/open-research-infrastructure-program-updates-from-lyrasis" rel="bookmark" class="viewmoretext" title="Permanent Link to Open Research Infrastructure Program Updates from Lyrasis">View more information</a> <p> </p> The Share Family: Cooperation and Interconnection for a Sustainable Linked Open Data Ecosystem</a> (May '24)  <br/> Nina Servizzi, New York University<br> Martin Knott, University of Michigan<br> Jacquie Samples, Duke University <a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/metadata/share-family-cooperation-and-interconnection-for-a-sustainable-linked-open-data-ecosystem" rel="bookmark" class="viewmoretext" title="Permanent Link to The Share Family: Cooperation and Interconnection for a Sustainable Linked Open Data Ecosystem">View more information</a> <p> </p> Using Machine-Learning Systems to Improve Collections Development and Services</a> (May '24)  <br/> Boaz Nadav Manes, Lehigh University<br> Todd Carpenter, National Information Standards Organization<br> Carolyn Morris, Ingram<br> Filip Jakobsen, Samhæng<br> Sebastian Hammer, President, Index Data <a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/digital-curation/using-machine-learning-systems-to-improve-collections-development-and-services" rel="bookmark" class="viewmoretext" title="Permanent Link to Using Machine-Learning Systems to Improve Collections Development and Services">View more information</a> <p> </p> Collaborative Vocabulary Building with the YAMZ.net Metadictionary</a> (February '24)  <br/> John Kunze, Drexel University <a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/ci/collaborative-vocabulary-building-with-the-yamz-net-metadictionary" rel="bookmark" class="viewmoretext" title="Permanent Link to Collaborative Vocabulary Building with the YAMZ.net Metadictionary">View more information</a> <p> </p> <p class="morearticles">View all <a href="/full-category-display/?tag=11&cat=32">Videos </a> on this topic</p><hr noshade><h2>Recent Podcasts</h2> May 23, 2012: ORCID Update, Scholarly Attribution, 21st C. Libraries</a> (May '12)  CNI Conversations Podcast, April 29, 2012<br> <a href=https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/20120429_CNI_Conversations.mp3>Listen to the Podcast</a><br> <a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/identity-management/orcid-scholarly-attributions-calgary" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to May 23, 2012: ORCID Update, Scholarly Attribution, 21st C. Libraries">View more information</a> <br /> <p> </p> April 29, 2012: Big Data, E-Journals, ID Mgt, Text Mining, & more</a> (May '12)  CNI Conversations Podcast, April 29, 2012<br> <a href=https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/20120429_CNI_Conversations.mp3>Listen to the Podcast</a><br> <a href="https://www.cni.org/topics/digital-curation/april-29-2012-big-data-e-journals-id-mgt-text-mining-more" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to April 29, 2012: Big Data, E-Journals, ID Mgt, Text Mining, & more">View more information</a> <br /> <p> </p> <p class="morearticles">View all <a href="/full-category-display/?tag=7&cat=32">Podcasts </a>on this topic</p><hr noshade></main><aside class="sidebar sidebar-primary widget-area" role="complementary" aria-label="Primary Sidebar" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WPSideBar"><section id="nav_menu-9" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">Topics</h4> <div class="menu-topics-container"><ul id="menu-topics" class="menu"><li id="first-menu-item menu-item-51141" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-51141"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/diversity-equity-inclusion-and-accessibility" itemprop="url">Access & Equity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22290" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22290"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/assessment" itemprop="url">Assessment</a></li> <li id="menu-item-51810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-51810"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/covid-19-crisis-related" itemprop="url">COVID-19 Crisis Related</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12290" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-12290"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/ci" itemprop="url">Cyberinfrastructure</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21949"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/digital-curation" itemprop="url">Digital Curation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22293" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22293"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/digital-humanities" itemprop="url">Digital Humanities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21951"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/digital-libraries" itemprop="url">Digital Libraries</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12294" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-12294"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/digital-preservation" itemprop="url">Digital Preservation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22296" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22296"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/ebooks" itemprop="url">Ebooks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21954" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21954"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/e-journals" itemprop="url">E-Journals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22298" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22298"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/e-science" itemprop="url">E-Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22968"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/economic-models" itemprop="url">Economic Models</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22967"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/electronic-theses-dissertations-etds" itemprop="url">Electronic Theses & Dissertations (ETDs)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-50396" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-50396"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/emerging-technologies" itemprop="url">Emerging Technologies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12300" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-12300"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/identity-management" itemprop="url">Identity Management</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22299" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22299"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/information-access-retrieval" itemprop="url">Information Access & Retrieval</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22300" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22300"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/intellectual-property" itemprop="url">Intellectual Property</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21958" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21958"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/spaces" itemprop="url">Spaces</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12304" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-12304"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/metadata" aria-current="page" itemprop="url">Metadata</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21960" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21960"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/mobile-technologies" itemprop="url">Mobile Technologies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12306" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-12306"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/net-gen" itemprop="url">Net Generation (includes Millennials)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12307" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-12307"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/personal-archives" itemprop="url">Personal Archives</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23745" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23745"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/privacy" itemprop="url">Privacy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12308" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-12308"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/publishing" itemprop="url">Publishing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21964" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21964"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/repositories" itemprop="url">Repositories</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17364" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-17364"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/researchdatamanagement" itemprop="url">Research Data Management</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21965"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/scholarly-communication" itemprop="url">Scholarly Communication</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21966" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21966"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/social-media" itemprop="url">Social Media</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12312" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-12312"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/special-collections" itemprop="url">Special Collections</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21968"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/standards" itemprop="url">Standards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22965"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/teaching-learning" itemprop="url">Teaching & Learning</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22966" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category last-menu-item menu-item-22966"><a href="https://www.cni.org/category/topics/user-services" itemprop="url">User Services</a></li> </ul></div></div></section> </aside></div></div></div><div class="footer-widgets"><div class="wrap"><div class="widget-area footer-widgets-1 footer-widget-area"><section id="text-7" class="widget widget_text"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="textwidget"><h4 class="widgettitle">Contact Us</h4> 1025 Connecticut Ave, NW #1200<br/> Washington, DC 20036 <br/> 202.296.5098<br/> <br/> <a href="/contact/">Contact us</a> <br/> Copyright © 2024 CNI<br/> <br/></div> </div></section> <section id="nav_menu-5" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="widget-wrap"><div class="menu-footer-left-2-container"><ul id="menu-footer-left-2" class="menu"><li id="first-menu-item menu-item-22648" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22648"><a href="https://www.cni.org/copyright-info" itemprop="url">Copyright Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1108" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1108"><a href="https://www.cni.org/privacy-policy" itemprop="url">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-59315" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom last-menu-item menu-item-59315"><a href="/site-map" itemprop="url">Site map</a></li> </ul></div></div></section> </div><div class="widget-area footer-widgets-2 footer-widget-area"><section id="text-17" class="widget widget_text"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="textwidget"><h4 class="widgettitle">Keeping up with CNI</h4></div> </div></section> <section id="execphp-14" class="widget widget_execphp"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="execphpwidget">CNI-ANNOUNCE is a low-volume electronic forum used for information about the activities and programs of CNI, and events and documents of interest to the CNI community. <br/> <a class="yellowbutton" href="https://www.cni.org/resources/follow-cni/cni-announce/">Sign up</a> </div> </div></section> </div><div class="widget-area footer-widgets-3 footer-widget-area"><section id="wpcom_social_media_icons_widget-2" class="widget widget_wpcom_social_media_icons_widget"><div class="widget-wrap"><h4 class="widget-title widgettitle">Follow CNI</h4> <ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/cni.org/" class="genericon genericon-facebook" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View cni.org’s profile on Facebook</span></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/cni_org/" class="genericon genericon-twitter" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View cni_org’s profile on Twitter</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/coalition-for-networked-information" class="genericon genericon-linkedin" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/cnivideo/" class="genericon genericon-youtube" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">YouTube</span></a></li><li><a href="https://vimeo.com/cni/" class="genericon genericon-vimeo" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">Vimeo</span></a></li><li><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/cni-org.bsky.social" class="genericon genericon-flickr" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">Flickr</span></a></li><li><a href="https://mastodon.social/@cni" class="genericon genericon-tumblr" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tumblr</span></a></li></ul></div></section> <section id="execphp-15" class="widget widget_execphp"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="sponsors"> <h4 class="widgettitle">A joint project</h4> <div class="sponsorone"><a href="http://www.arl.org" target="_blank"></a></div><div class="sponsortwo"><a href="http://www.educause.edu" target="_blank"></a></div> </div></div> </div></section> </div></div></div></div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://js.getlasso.co/lasso-performance.min.js?ver=129.20241127" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer> document.addEventListener("lassoTrackingEventLoaded", function(e) { e.detail.init({ 'lsid': 'ls-af5a4bca4370cac5993bbcc32853a6fa', 'pid': '63091', 'ipa': '', 'performance': '1', 'matching': '1', }); }); </script> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5L3WTCM" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" aria-hidden="true"></iframe></noscript> <script> jQuery("li.page_item.page_item_has_children:has(.children)>a").after( "<span>+</span>" ); jQuery("li.page_item.page_item_has_children.current_page_ancestor>span").text("-"); jQuery(".current_page_ancestor li.page_item.page_item_has_children.current_page_item>span").text("-"); jQuery("li.page_item.page_item_has_children:not(.current_page_ancestor)>.children").toggle(); jQuery(".current_page_ancestor li.page_item.page_item_has_children.current_page_item:not(.current_page_ancestor)>.children").toggle(); jQuery("li.page_item.page_item_has_children>span").click(function(){ if (jQuery(this).text()=="+") jQuery(this).text("-"); else jQuery(this).text("+"); jQuery(this).next(".children").toggle(); }); </script><script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script><link rel='stylesheet' id='genericons-css' href='//www.cni.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/d3twnfdz/du5yu.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="gtm4wp-form-move-tracker-js" data-pmdelayedscript="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/plugins/duracelltomi-google-tag-manager/dist/js/gtm4wp-form-move-tracker.js?ver=1.20.2" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="page-links-to-js" data-pmdelayedscript="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/dist/new-tab.js?ver=3.3.7" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202448.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"189336016\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"www.cni.org\",\"j\":\"1:14.0\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "189336016", "0" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ivory-search-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var IvorySearchVars = {"is_analytics_enabled":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/plugins/add-search-to-menu/public/js/ivory-search.min.js?ver=5.5.7" id="ivory-search-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ivory-ajax-search-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var IvoryAjaxVars = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.cni.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","ajax_nonce":"00e9d13fe7"}; /* ]]> */ </script>  <style type="text/css"> .su-tabs > .su-tabs-nav > span { /* Background color */ background-color: #0B0B61; /* Text color */ color: #FFFFFF; /* Text size */ font-size: 20px; } .su-tabs > .su-tabs-nav > span:not(.su-tabs-current) { /* Background color */ background-color: #FAFAFA; /* Text color */ color: #0B0B61; /* Text size */ font-size: 20px; } </style>  <script type="text/javascript" id="perfmatters-delayed-scripts-js">const perfmattersUserInteractions=["keydown","mousemove","wheel","touchmove","touchstart","touchend"];perfmattersUserInteractions.forEach(function(event){window.addEventListener(event,pmTriggerDelayedScripts,{passive:!0})});function pmTriggerDelayedScripts(){pmLoadDelayedScripts();perfmattersUserInteractions.forEach(function(event){window.removeEventListener(event, pmTriggerDelayedScripts,{passive:!0});});}function pmLoadDelayedScripts(){document.querySelectorAll("script[data-pmdelayedscript]").forEach(function(elem){elem.setAttribute("src",elem.getAttribute("data-pmdelayedscript"));});}</script></body></html>