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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album"><i>Perplexities after Escher</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">Chamber music</a> by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Waterhouse" title="Graham Waterhouse">Graham Waterhouse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data">artworks by <a href="/wiki/M._C._Escher" title="M. C. Escher">M. C. Escher</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Performed</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="vevent">7 June 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2024-06-07</span>)</span>: <span class="location summary"> <a href="/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movements</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Scoring</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heckelphone" title="Heckelphone">heckelphone</a></li><li>string quartet</li><li>double bass</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Perplexities after Escher</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber music</a> composition by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Waterhouse" title="Graham Waterhouse">Graham Waterhouse</a> for <a href="/wiki/Heckelphone" title="Heckelphone">heckelphone</a>, string quartet and double bass. Its five <a href="/wiki/Movement_(music)" title="Movement (music)">movements</a> refer to graphic artworks by <a href="/wiki/M._C._Escher" title="M. C. Escher">M. C. Escher</a>. It was composed between 2022 and 2024 for the 120th anniversary of the introduction of the heckelphone, and premiered in <a href="/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a>. The piece will be published by <a href="/wiki/Schott_Music" title="Schott Music">Schott</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schott_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perplexities_after_Escher&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Artist_-_Maurits_Cornelis_Escher_-_working_at_his_Atelier_(50385403156).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Artist_-_Maurits_Cornelis_Escher_-_working_at_his_Atelier_%2850385403156%29.jpg/220px-The_Artist_-_Maurits_Cornelis_Escher_-_working_at_his_Atelier_%2850385403156%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Artist_-_Maurits_Cornelis_Escher_-_working_at_his_Atelier_%2850385403156%29.jpg/330px-The_Artist_-_Maurits_Cornelis_Escher_-_working_at_his_Atelier_%2850385403156%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Artist_-_Maurits_Cornelis_Escher_-_working_at_his_Atelier_%2850385403156%29.jpg/440px-The_Artist_-_Maurits_Cornelis_Escher_-_working_at_his_Atelier_%2850385403156%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2849" data-file-height="2841" /></a><figcaption>Escher at work</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Heckelphone" title="Heckelphone">heckelphone</a> is a rare member of the oboe family prominently used by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Delius" title="Frederick Delius">Frederick Delius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Paul Hindemith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heckelphone_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heckelphone-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tarkmann_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarkmann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heckel_GmbH" title="Wilhelm Heckel GmbH">Wilhelm Heckel and sons</a> in 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-Atzinger_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atzinger-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, Waterhouse composed a work inspired by graphic artworks by <a href="/wiki/M._C._Escher" title="M. C. Escher">M. C. Escher</a> which used the heckelphone: <i><a href="/wiki/Four_Epigraphs_after_Escher" title="Four Epigraphs after Escher">Four Epigraphs after Escher</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Piano_trio" title="Piano trio">piano trio</a> for viola and heckelphone in four movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Hofmeister_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hofmeister-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Waterhouse composed <i>Perplexities after Escher</i> between 2022 and 2024 for the 120th anniversary of the introduction of the instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-Atzinger_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atzinger-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heckelphone player Holger Hoos had commissioned a work for heckelphone and <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">strings</a>, and Waterhouse decided to use string quartet and double bass, the latter to correspond with the low register and wide range of the wind instrument. Hoos initiated the idea to base the composition again on works by Escher, and Waterhouse chose five early <a href="/wiki/Graphic_arts" title="Graphic arts">graphics</a>, created before Escher went into three-dimensional illusions.<sup id="cite_ref-Atzinger_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atzinger-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Perplexities after Escher</i> was premiered in <a href="/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a>, where Strauss lived, on 7 June 2024 within a symposium, the 2024 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Strauss_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Strauss Festival (page does not exist)">Richard Strauss Festival</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard-Strauss-Festival" class="extiw" title="de:Richard-Strauss-Festival">de</a>]</span>, around the instrument, with expositions and lectures. It was performed by Hoos, the Graffe Quartet (Štěpán Graffe, Lukáš Bednařík, Luboš Melničák and Michal Hreňo) and Miloslav Jelínek (double bass).<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_Strauss_Tage_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_Strauss_Tage-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work was played again in two portrait concerts with an identical program in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnsing" title="Münsing">Münsing</a> around the composer's birthday in November 2024, together with arrangements of solo compositions by Beethoven and Bach, and <a href="/wiki/String_Sextet_(Waterhouse)" title="String Sextet (Waterhouse)">String Sextet op. 1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Atzinger_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atzinger-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schäufele_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schäufele-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was performed by Hoos (heckelphone), <a href="/wiki/David_Fr%C3%BChwirth" title="David Frühwirth">David Frühwirth</a> and Anna Kakutia (violin), Chialong Tsai (viola), Waterhouse (cello) and Thomas Herbst (double bass).<sup id="cite_ref-Schott_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schäufele_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schäufele-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The composition is in preparation to be published by <a href="/wiki/Schott_Music" title="Schott Music">Schott</a> in 2024. The duration is given as 17 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-Schott_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images_and_music">Images and music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perplexities_after_Escher&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Images and music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The composition is structured in five movements:<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_Strauss_Tage_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_Strauss_Tage-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i>Levenkracht</i> (Life force) – Allegramente</li> <li><i>Atrani</i> – Adagio piangendo</li> <li><i>Draak</i> (Dragon) – Presto scurrile</li> <li><i>Castrovalva</i> – Moderato</li> <li><i>Kringloop</i> – Con moto energico</li></ol> <p>The first movement was inspired by a 1919 graphic entitled <i>Levenkracht</i> (Life force).<sup id="cite_ref-NGA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The image inspiring the second movement is <i><a href="/wiki/Atrani,_Coast_of_Amalfi" title="Atrani, Coast of Amalfi">Atrani, Coast of Amalfi</a></i>, printed in 1931, the third <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(M._C._Escher)" title="Dragon (M. C. Escher)">Dragon</a></i> (1951), the fourth <i><a href="/wiki/Castrovalva_(M._C._Escher)" title="Castrovalva (M. C. Escher)">Castrovalva</a></i> (1930), and the fifth <i><a href="/wiki/File:Helix,_v.3,_no.7,_May_9,_1968_-_DPLA_-_0650e30c15d9da0370f8f2903f11dcb6_(page_14).jpg" title="File:Helix, v.3, no.7, May 9, 1968 - DPLA - 0650e30c15d9da0370f8f2903f11dcb6 (page 14).jpg">Kringloop</a></i> (1938).<sup id="cite_ref-Artnet_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artnet-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perplexities_after_Escher&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Schott-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schott_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schott_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schott_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schott-music.com/en/perplexities-no588511.html">"Perplexities / after Escher"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Schott_Music" title="Schott Music">Schott</a>. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perplexities+%2F+after+Escher&rft.pub=Schott&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schott-music.com%2Fen%2Fperplexities-no588511.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerplexities+after+Escher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heckelphone-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heckelphone_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heckelphone.org/music.html">"Music for heckelphone"</a>. <i>Heckelphone.org</i>. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heckelphone.org&rft.atitle=Music+for+heckelphone&rft.date=2022&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heckelphone.org%2Fmusic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerplexities+after+Escher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tarkmann-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tarkmann_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarkmannKohlmann2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tarkmann, Andreas N.; Kohlmann, Johannes (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hQ5BEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86"><i>Praktische Instrumentenkunde</i></a> [<i>Practical Knowledge of Instruments</i>] (in German). <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renreiter" title="Bärenreiter">Bärenreiter</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">86–</span>97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-76-187180-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-76-187180-5"><bdi>978-3-76-187180-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Praktische+Instrumentenkunde&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E86-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.pub=B%C3%A4renreiter&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-76-187180-5&rft.aulast=Tarkmann&rft.aufirst=Andreas+N.&rft.au=Kohlmann%2C+Johannes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhQ5BEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerplexities+after+Escher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atzinger-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Atzinger_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atzinger_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atzinger_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atzinger_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtzinger2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Atzinger, Michael (30 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.br-klassik.de/aktuell/news-kritik/heckelphon-holger-hoos-graham-waterhouse-100.html">"Ein unerhörtes Instrument"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">BR</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BR&rft.atitle=Ein+unerh%C3%B6rtes+Instrument&rft.date=2024-10-30&rft.aulast=Atzinger&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.br-klassik.de%2Faktuell%2Fnews-kritik%2Fheckelphon-holger-hoos-graham-waterhouse-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerplexities+after+Escher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hofmeister-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hofmeister_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hofmeister-musikverlag.com/produkt/4-epigraphe-nach-escher-op-35/">"Graham Waterhouse: Vier Epigraphe nach Escher, op. 35"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hofmeister_Musikverlag" title="Friedrich Hofmeister Musikverlag">Hofmeister</a>. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Graham+Waterhouse%3A+Vier+Epigraphe+nach+Escher%2C+op.+35&rft.pub=Hofmeister&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hofmeister-musikverlag.com%2Fprodukt%2F4-epigraphe-nach-escher-op-35%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerplexities+after+Escher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard_Strauss_Tage-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_Strauss_Tage_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_Strauss_Tage_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richard-strauss-tage.de/event/kammerkonzert-ii/?lang=en">"Kammerkonzert II"</a>. <i>Richard Strauss Tage</i>. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richard+Strauss+Tage&rft.atitle=Kammerkonzert+II&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.richard-strauss-tage.de%2Fevent%2Fkammerkonzert-ii%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerplexities+after+Escher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schäufele-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schäufele_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schäufele_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchäufele2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schäufele, Paul (4 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/wolfratshausen/muensing-pakkausall-konzert-graham-waterhouse-heckelphon-lux.WVEL7PsuPaLt2e2S6cGXMw">"Von kurioser Schönheit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Von+kurioser+Sch%C3%B6nheit&rft.date=2024-11-04&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%A4ufele&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fmuenchen%2Fwolfratshausen%2Fmuensing-pakkausall-konzert-graham-waterhouse-heckelphon-lux.WVEL7PsuPaLt2e2S6cGXMw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerplexities+after+Escher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NGA_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.62751.html">"Life Force, 1919"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a></i>. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Gallery+of+Art&rft.atitle=Life+Force%2C+1919&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.gov%2Fcollection%2Fart-object-page.62751.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerplexities+after+Escher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Artnet-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Artnet_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artnet.de/k%C3%BCnstler/mc-escher/kringloop-wBEHpuvCvk3d6ikwqBzgAA2">"Kringloop"</a>. <i>artnet.de</i>. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=artnet.de&rft.atitle=Kringloop&rft.date=2024&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artnet.de%2Fk%25C3%25BCnstler%2Fmc-escher%2Fkringloop-wBEHpuvCvk3d6ikwqBzgAA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerplexities+after+Escher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perplexities_after_Escher&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.klangbereitschaft.de/event/portraetkonzert-das-unerhoerte-heckelphon/">Das unerhörte Heckelphon</a> Klangbereitschaft 2024</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikiart.org/en/m-c-escher/life-force">Life Force (1919)</a> wikiart.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69a4wpyb850"><span class="plainlinks">Perplexities after Escher by Graham Waterhouse world premiere at Richard Strauss Tage 2024</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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Waterhouse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Graham_Waterhouse" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Waterhouse" title="Graham Waterhouse">Graham Waterhouse</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/String_quartets_(Waterhouse)" title="String quartets (Waterhouse)">List of string quartets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_cycles_(Waterhouse)" title="Song cycles (Waterhouse)">List of song cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Sextet_(Waterhouse)" title="String Sextet (Waterhouse)">String Sextet</a> (1979/2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piccolo_Quintet" title="Piccolo Quintet">Piccolo Quintet</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_Concerto_(Waterhouse)" title="Cello Concerto (Waterhouse)">Cello Concerto</a> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvements_d%27Harmonie" title="Mouvements d'Harmonie">Mouvements d'Harmonie</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praeludium_(Waterhouse)" title="Praeludium (Waterhouse)">Praeludium</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Four_Epigraphs_after_Escher" title="Four Epigraphs after Escher">Vier Epigraphe nach Escher</a></i></span> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Pieces_for_Solo_Cello_(Waterhouse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Pieces for Solo Cello (Waterhouse)">Three Pieces for Solo Cello</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gestural_Variations" title="Gestural Variations">Gestural Variations</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Voices_and_Hale_Bopp" title="Celtic Voices and Hale Bopp"><i>Celtic Voices</i> and <i>Hale Bopp</i></a> (1998)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bei_Nacht" title="Bei Nacht">Bei Nacht</a></i></span> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chieftain%27s_Salute" title="Chieftain's Salute">Chieftain's Salute</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bassoon_Quintet_(Waterhouse)" title="Bassoon Quintet (Waterhouse)">Bassoon Quintet</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Handschuh_(Waterhouse)" title="Der Handschuh (Waterhouse)">Der Handschuh</a></i></span> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epitaphium_(Waterhouse)" title="Epitaphium (Waterhouse)">Epitaphium</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bright_Angel_(Waterhouse)" title="Bright Angel (Waterhouse)">Bright Angel</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Arising" title="Phoenix Arising">Phoenix Arising</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Whispers_(Waterhouse)" title="Chinese Whispers (Waterhouse)">Chinese Whispers</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Zeichenstaub" title="Zeichenstaub">Zeichenstaub</a></i></span> (2010)</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Rhapsodie_Macabre" title="Rhapsodie Macabre">Rhapsodie Macabre</a></i></span> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bells_of_Beyond" title="Bells of Beyond">Bells of Beyond</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Sonata_(Waterhouse)" title="Viola Sonata (Waterhouse)">Viola Sonata</a> "Ebraica" (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skylla_and_Charybdis_(Waterhouse)" title="Skylla and Charybdis (Waterhouse)">Skylla and Charybdis</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Incantations_(Waterhouse)" title="Incantations (Waterhouse)">Incantations</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Variations_for_Cello_Solo" title="Variations for Cello Solo">Variations for Cello Solo</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concentricities" title="Concentricities">Concentricities</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alchymic_Quartet" title="Alchymic Quartet">Alchymic Quartet</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birkenlicht" title="Birkenlicht">Birkenlicht</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perplexities after Escher</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Waterhouse_(bassoonist)" title="William Waterhouse (bassoonist)">William Waterhouse</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Waterhouse" title="Elisabeth Waterhouse">Elisabeth Waterhouse</a> (mother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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